Measurement最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Propagation/Leakage transition of fiber cladding modes for processing of data from dielectric tilted fiber Bragg grating sensors","authors":"E.D. Chubchev ,&nbsp;E.I. Dolzhenko ,&nbsp;K.A. Tomyshev ,&nbsp;I.A. Nechepurenko ,&nbsp;A.V. Dorofeenko ,&nbsp;O.V. Butov","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) possess promising characteristics for refractometric purposes. However, their complex spectral response containing a large number of features makes the sensor’s output relevance highly dependent on data demodulation and interpretation. We propose a method for processing sensor data based on a detailed analysis of the system’s behavior during the transition of cladding modes from propagation to leakage into the environment. We regarded this transition as an exceptional point, which made it possible to obtain an analytical expression for leakage losses of cladding modes in the proximity of the leakage condition. As a result, we built a regression model with good performance ensuring the determination of changes in the refractive index with an accuracy of 2.1 × 10^-5 RIU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 117479"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An enhance ranging algorithm based on multi-waveform classification with hyperspectral LiDAR","authors":"Xingyun Li ,&nbsp;Hui Shao ,&nbsp;Yuan Lu ,&nbsp;Yuwei Chen ,&nbsp;Long Sun ,&nbsp;Hui Dai ,&nbsp;Tao Hong ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hulong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) detected system interrogates targets with high <em>retro</em>-reflective properties, the backscattered pulse energy is prone to exceed the maximum receiving range of the photodetector. It will cause signal saturation because the system cannot record the complete echo waveform, which leads to the deviation of ranging results. To solve the problem, this study proposes an enhanced ranging algorithm based on multi-waveform classification (RMWC) with 101-band hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL). Considering the difference of echo waveform collected in different bands, the threshold method is combined with random forest classifier to classify echo waveforms into normal waveform, saturated waveform and U-shaped waveform. Then peak value method (PV), centroid method (CM) and waveform fitting method (WF) are selected to calculate the corresponding time of flight of the three waveforms respectively. Finally, the target distance is determined by the weighted average of the mode values of the bands’ ranging results. Compared with PV, CM and WF ranging results at 905 nm, the experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the ranging error caused by waveform saturation. For planar <em>retro</em>-reflection target, the average error (<em>AE</em>) is 0.0053 m and the standard deviation (<em>Std</em>) is less than 0.0083 m. For diffuse reflection whiteboard, the <em>AE</em> is 0.0010 m and the <em>Std</em> is 0.0053 m. The reconstruction results of planar target point cloud show that RMWC ranging results are better than these traditional single-band ranging methods, which can provide a reference for the optimal design of high precision laser ranging system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 117489"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on assembly characteristics of an assembled wind tunnel balance with four triaxial-force piezoelectric sensors","authors":"Yuzhe Tian ,&nbsp;Jin Wang ,&nbsp;Yaqi Wu ,&nbsp;Mingyu Yuan ,&nbsp;Shilu Mai ,&nbsp;Jialing Wu ,&nbsp;Zongjin Ren ,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind tunnel balances are essential force measuring equipment for aerospace and other high-end equipment in wind tunnel test, which not only needs excellent static performance, but also needs good high-frequency response ability. An assembled wind tunnel balance and its calibration test system based on four triaxial-force piezoelectric sensors were designed according to the aerodynamic test requirements of an aircraft. The overall test system mainly consists of an assembled wind tunnel balance, calibration platform, vertical loading mechanism, lateral loading mechanism, standard force transducer and charge amplifier, data acquisition card, computer and acquisition software. The assembled wind tunnel balance consists of four high-stiffness triaxial-force piezoelectric sensors, upper/down plates and erection bolts. In response to the assembly issues of wind tunnel balances, the proposition was put forward that the preload torque of erection bolts would impact the measurement performance of the assembled wind tunnel balance. It is hoped to seek an effective approach to enhance the measurement performance of the wind tunnel balance starting from the structure itself. Based on this expectation, the measurement theoretical model and simulation three-dimensional model of wind tunnel balance were constructed, and the modal and static simulation analysis were also carried out. The performance calibration of four triaxial-force piezoelectric sensors was carried out, the overall scheme design of the measurement system was completed, and the test system of the assembled wind tunnel balance was built for the balance performance research. The influence of preload torque of different erection bolts on the measurement performance of the preload wind tunnel balance was studied, and the best preload torque suitable for the balance was explored to make the force measurement performance of the preload wind tunnel balance optimal. The static and dynamic performance of the test system meet the test requirements, with excellent linearity and repeatability, and the best combination of preload torque of the erection bolt was determined. The linear error of axial force was less than 0.258 %, and the linear error of torque was less than 0.562 %. The test proves that adjusting the preload torque of the erection bolts can effectively improve the static performance of the wind tunnel balance from the structure itself, which provides an effective new idea for scholars to study how to improve the performance of the wind tunnel balance. And, the first natural frequency of the wind tunnel balance was 1062 Hz, which was only 8.4 % different from the simulation result. It can realize the accurate measurement of the aerodynamics of the aircraft.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 117496"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic surface roughness recognition system under different manufacturing processes based on deep learning","authors":"Jiajian Meng ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Yuan ,&nbsp;Guan Wang ,&nbsp;Xianke Li ,&nbsp;Enpei Zhao ,&nbsp;Junrong Li ,&nbsp;Haomiao Fang ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Cong Li ,&nbsp;Dejin Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Lili Cheng ,&nbsp;Jianhai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Automated high-precision online measurement of machined surface roughness for key parts holds significant importance in intelligent manufacturing processes. A deep learning-based system is developed for automatic surface roughness recognition, which is built upon a dual-source laser speckle imaging apparatus. The Relative Maximum Contrast Ratio (RMCR) method is proposed for the first time to determine the optimal measurement parameters, enabling the acquisition of high-quality speckle images. The precise recognition of surface roughness through datasets relies heavily on the performance of deep learning models. The Twins-SVT model excels in the field of image classification, leveraging a deep separable convolutional core architecture. To enhance the recognition precision of surface roughness, the Spatial and Channel Attention (SCA) module is integrated into the Twins-SVT model. This integration allows for comprehensive feature extraction by effectively combining spatial and channel information from speckle images. The outstanding recognition accuracy and generalization performance of the SCA-Twins-SVT model is validated using a substantial datasets of speckle images. Compared to mainstream deep learning models, the proposed SCA-Twins-SVT model demonstrates exceptional performance in recognizing surface roughness machined by horizontal and vertical milling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 117473"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability evaluation of piezoelectric sensing for measuring shield tunnel segment joints openings during operation","authors":"Guodong Jiang ,&nbsp;Leyuan Cai ,&nbsp;Guozhu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In shield tunnel structures, the segment joint is the most vulnerable part. Opening at this location can lead to inadequate stress on the internal water sealing gaskets, resulting in water leakage in the tunnel. Presently, there exists a notable absence of effective direct sensing techniques for monitoring segment joints during tunnel operations. PVDF piezoelectric material presents a promising solution: its flexibility allows it to conform to the mechanical properties of rubber sealing gaskets within segmental joints. Moreover, its ability to convert mechanical force into electrical signals enables it to function as a sensing element within the segment joint. This study conducted unloading tests, vibration tests, shock load tests, and durability tests to verify the possibility of using piezoelectric materials to sense the opening of water sealing gaskets in shield tunnel segment joints. The results of the unloading test indicate that when the opening rate of the segment joint is relatively high, exceeding 3 mm/min, the embedded piezoelectric material can effectively sense the opening of the segment joint. However, when the opening rate is low or static, it is necessary to actively excite the piezoelectric material to obtain sensing data and thereby determine the status of the segment joint. The results of the vibration tests indicate that the piezoelectric material can effectively sense vibration signals. The voltage peak-to-peak difference sensed by the piezoelectric material can to some extent reflect the opening of the segment joint, with the difference increasing as the joint opening increases. However, the results of the impact load tests show that due to environmental disturbances, the regularity between the opening of the segment joint and the voltage peak-to-peak difference sensed by the piezoelectric material is not significant. The durability results indicate that under prolonged exposure to vibration loads, the sensing capability of the piezoelectric material exhibits good stability. Approximately 80 % of the data deviations are below 5 %, with the maximum deviation not exceeding 10 %. While further refinement of sensing methodologies is necessary to establish a quantitative relationship between segment joint opening magnitude and voltage peak-to-peak differences sensed by PVDF piezoelectric material, the potential applications of flexible piezoelectric materials for segment joint monitoring are promising and warrant continued exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 117468"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel remote pipeline inspection gauge positioning scheme using dynamic iterative time warping","authors":"Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zeyu Wang ,&nbsp;Jinglin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cleaning long-distance pipelines is crucial to ensuring smooth operation. Since the position of the pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) has critical importance for the operational safety of the pipeline, real-time online tracking is essential. This study introduces a two-stage real-time remote tracking framework of PIG specifically constructed for liquid pipelines. A fast expectation difference (FED) algorithm is first proposed to dynamically normalize the pressure signals, while further improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are achieved by coefficient adjustment. A dynamic iterative time series warping (DITW) algorithm is subsequently introduced to adapt to the real-time positioning calculation. By integrating historical data with the algorithm’s boundary conditions, a new class of real-time remote position-tracking algorithms is developed. Tests using actual pigging data tests confirm that the proposed remote positioning scheme accurately represents the PIG’s real-time position during the cleaning operation, with the maximum tracking error remaining within the actual demand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 117488"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on high-resolution breast ultrasound imaging technology based on 1 × 256 ring transducer array","authors":"Fei Wu,&nbsp;Rihui Xue,&nbsp;Fansheng Meng,&nbsp;Renxin Wang,&nbsp;Guojun Zhang,&nbsp;Changde He,&nbsp;Yuhua Yang,&nbsp;Jiangong Cui,&nbsp;Wendong Zhang,&nbsp;Licheng Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel breast ultrasound projection imaging algorithm designed for enhanced breast cancer diagnostics using a 1 × 256 ring transducer array platform. The algorithm integrates a ray-based ultrasound propagation model, hypothesizing that rotational scanning of the ring transducer array can expand the scanning area and increase data volume for precise image reconstruction. Implemented with the Singular Value Thresholding (SVT) algorithm, it ensures accurate completion of information necessary for high-resolution imaging, effectively managing incomplete data and noise reduction. Extensive simulations and experimental validations demonstrate the algorithm’s efficacy, achieving minimal Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), maximum Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and maximum Structural Recovery Degree (SRD) values of 4.35, 0.77 and 0.9869, respectively. Experimental results reveal a slight deviation in reconstructed target size, limited to 1.8%, showcasing the algorithm’s potential for precise imaging. This underscores its capability to accurately reproduce breast tissue structures, critical for reliable diagnosis and treatment planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 117391"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of internal cracks in polyethylene pipes using ultrasonic imaging and deep learning","authors":"Said El-Hawwat ,&nbsp;Jay Kumar Shah ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Giri Venkiteela","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a two-stage ultrasonic testing (UT) approach for detecting and classifying internal cracks in polyethylene (PE) pipes. In the first stage, ultrasonic imaging is performed using a linear array of piezoelectric transducers to identify crack locations. A probabilistic triangulation imaging method is applied to successfully detect the cracks with the depths as small as 20 % of pipe wall thickness. In the second stage, a deep learning model is developed to classify crack severity using the paired transducer corresponding to the location of the imaged crack. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained on signal images converted from continuous wavelet transform (CWT). To generate a diverse training dataset, finite element modeling (FEM) is utilized based on preliminary UT experiments and the material damping properties are calibrated with experiments. The CNN model trained on the synthetic database achieves high classification accuracy when validated through laboratory-acquired signals. The results demonstrate that the proposed two-stage approach accurately locates cracks and enables automated severity classification, enhancing UT-based structural health monitoring of PE pipelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 117491"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MEMS microscope laser scanning for detection of metal artifacts corrosion characteristics","authors":"Yuanyuan He ,&nbsp;Pengchao Shen ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Xuefeng He ,&nbsp;Quanhua Xie ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Mingfu Zhao ,&nbsp;Nianbing Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel system for noncontact, nondestructive detection of corrosion in metal artifacts has been developed. It consists of a pulse-modulated laser light source, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) scanning micromirror, optical lens group, photodetector, and field-programmable gate array (FPGA). A theoretical model for assessing corrosion characteristics was established, and the optical path was simulated by LightTools. The system is capable of detecting the reflected light from metal artifact samples treated with various etching agents (H₂SO₄, NaOH, MgCl₂, NaCl, KCl, and water), as well different pH values, temperatures, and humidity levels. Metal corrosion reduce light reflectance on the metal surface, thereby decreasing the light flux received by the photodetector and lowering the system’s output voltage, which facilitates the detection of corrosion. Additionally, scanning voltage identified corrosion behavior, such as edge-initiated corrosion in solutions of varying pH values at 25 ℃. Synchronous corrosion occurred at 45 ℃ in pH = 3.0 sulfuric acid, localized corrosion in droplet and water film formation area at 25 ℃ with 81 % relative humidity. Furthermore, this study compared the proposed method to the standard weight loss method, achieving a maximum relative error of 8.5 %. These results highlight the feasibility of the MEMS laser scanning method for detecting metal artifact corrosion as proposed in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 117472"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adaptive window compensation method for ranging outliers in the slave node assisted by the master node","authors":"Muchun Cai ,&nbsp;Qiuying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The slave node navigation, supported by the master node, involves the slave node (equipped with low-precision navigation instruments) periodically receiving positioning data from the master node (equipped with high-precision navigation instruments) through the acoustic sensors. The acoustic sensors also measure the relative distance between the two nodes and uses the Extended Kalman Filter to correct the slave node’s positioning error, thereby improving its positioning accuracy. However, the complex underwater acoustic environment may cause packet loss or ranging outliers in inter-node communication, degrading the slave node’s navigation performance under master node assistance. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes an adaptive window compensation method for ranging outlier in the slave node assisted by the master node. Firstly, in underwater acoustic communication between master and slave nodes, the current ranging outliers are detected by utilizing the secondary residual derived from the one-step prediction residual and the state estimate at the previous information interaction time. Secondly, the length of the adaptive window for compensating anomalies is determined based on the relative azimuth angle between the master and slave nodes, as well as the change in the azimuth angle of the slave node between adjacent information interaction times. Finally, the window weights are calculated using the slave node’s travel distance during the adjacent information interaction periods, thereby completing the compensation for the relative distance between the master and slave nodes at the current information interaction time. To validate the proposed method, simulation results show that the average positioning error of the slave node after ranging anomaly compensation is 6.73 m, which is comparable to the error (6.76 m) in scenarios without outliers. Further validation through field tests on a lake demonstrates the method’s effectiveness: the average positioning error is reduced from 17.05 m to 3.53 m after outlier compensation. Both simulation and experimental results confirm the efficacy of the proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 117478"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}