Ml-integrated reusable piezoceramic sensors for steel fibre concrete structural health monitoring

Abstract

This research develops a novel non-destructive measurement approach integrating electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technology with innovative reusable non-bonded surface piezoelectric sensors (NBPS) for steel fibre cement-based materials (SFCM). The measurement of SFCM structural health monitoring faces significant limitations due to reliance on destructive testing methods. Therefore, this experimental program can systematically provide damage assessment of SFCM specimens containing hooked-end steel fibres at six dosage levels (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5 %) with aspect ratios of 55 and 65, evaluating both healthy and damaged states over 28 days. EMI signature analysis focused on resonance frequency shifts and peak conductance variations, with damage quantification achieved through statistical metrics including RMSD and MAPD. Results demonstrate that specimens with an aspect ratio of 65 consistently outperformed those with an aspect ratio of 55, achieving optimal compressive strength of 60.95 MPa at 0.75 % fibre content (47.5 % improvement). Machine learning frameworks accomplished outstanding compressive strength prediction (R² = 0.99) with immediate convergence, developing EMI-based analysis. The validated EMI-NBPS system offers a transformative non-destructive solution for structural health monitoring, enabling immediate strength assessment and damage detection in fibre-reinforced cementitious materials for construction quality control and infrastructure monitoring applications. This paper will serve as a primary reference for non-bonded PZT in SFCM damage monitoring due to the crucial process of strength changes, focusing on the observation, calibration, and validation of selecting structural parameters, including equivalent stiffness, damping, and mass.