Materials Today Physics最新文献

{"title":"Defect engineering of Y2Ti2O5S2 two-dimensional material for broadband ultrafast lasers","authors":"Lina Zhao ,&nbsp;Xu Wang ,&nbsp;Xizhuang Liang ,&nbsp;Xiangkun Liu ,&nbsp;Lanci Guo ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yangjian Cai ,&nbsp;Yingying Ren ,&nbsp;Liren Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a novel broadband two-dimensional material was investigated and applied in ultrafast solid-state lasers. For comparison, Y₂Ti₂O₅S₂-SSR and Y₂Ti₂O₅S₂-Mg were synthesized by solid-state reaction (SSR) method and Mg-doped flux approach respectively. Based on the calculation of first principles, the bandgap width of Y₂Ti₂O₅S₂-Mg (YTOS-Mg) was greatly reduced by introducing S–Mg–S layer defects. Microstructural characterization confirmed morphological changes in YTOS-Mg. Nonlinear optical response experiment further demonstrated YTOS-Mg possessed a lower saturation intensity and higher modulation depth than Y₂Ti₂O₅S₂-SSR (YTOS-SSR), which are two significant indicators for optical modulators in laser resonator. The YTOS-Mg was first fabricated as saturable absorber and applied in all-solid-state lasers. Q-switched mode-locking lasers with minimum pulse widths 149 ps and 1.4 ns were generated in 1 μm and 2 μm region. The experimental results indicate the YTOS-Mg is a novel broadband saturable absorber. It exhibits significant potential for applications in ultrafast lasers generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101761"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of rare earth materials for emerging memory devices for neuromorphic computing","authors":"Hammad Ghazanfar ,&nbsp;Honggyun Kim ,&nbsp;Muhammad Rabeel ,&nbsp;Muneeb Ahmad ,&nbsp;Sobia Nisar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Wajid Zulfiqar ,&nbsp;Abdul Rehman ,&nbsp;Ghulam Dastgeer ,&nbsp;Deok-kee Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuromorphic computing represents a transformative approach to emulating human brain functionality, paving the way for advanced data processing and efficient learning systems. Two-terminal memory devices are central to this approach, as they replicate synaptic behavior essential for brain-like computational efficiency. This review focuses on the emerging role of rare earth materials in developing memory devices tailored for neuromorphic applications. The superior electrical, thermal, and optical properties of rare earths are compared to conventional materials, highlighting their potential to enhance performance metrics such as switching speed, retention time, endurance, energy efficiency, and synaptic plasticity. Key architectures and working principles of neuromorphic devices are discussed, emphasizing the unique attributes and motivations for integrating rare earth elements into memory systems. Furthermore, critical challenges, including scalability, cost, and material integration, are addressed to provide a comprehensive perspective. By exploring the intersection of advanced material science, device architecture, and neuromorphic computing, this review aims to guide future research efforts toward developing efficient, scalable memory devices for next-generation neuromorphic computing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101763"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological fractal multifunctional metamaterial with broadband microwave absorption and hydrophobic characteristics","authors":"Hongxu Jin ,&nbsp;Huifang Pang ,&nbsp;Renguo Guan ,&nbsp;Li Yang ,&nbsp;Changfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Guangzong Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenbo Du","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing microwave absorbing metamaterials with broadband absorption and subwavelength thickness holds significant engineering value. To achieve broadband absorption without increasing thickness, we developed a topological fractal-nested honeycomb metamaterial, validated using an arch measurement system over 2–18 GHz. Further simulations based on the finite element method and transmission line theory demonstrate that the topological fractal structure enhances microwave absorption through the dual effects of electric field superposition and directional magnetic coupling. Notably, this directional coupling effect is a novel discovery in cellular metamaterials. The structure simultaneously induces edge diffractions, optimizes impedance, and changes microwave phases, thereby enhancing microwave absorption performance. At 2 mm thickness, the topological fractal-nested honeycomb metamaterial achieves absorption bandwidth of 9.8 GHz for reflection loss (RL) lower than −10 dB, covering almost the whole X and Ku bands. It simultaneously achieves peak radar cross section (RCS) reduction of 16 dBm² at incidence of 0°, while maintaining RCS below −10 dBm² across wide angular angles of ±90°. In addition, a hydrophobic surface with a 143° contact angle is prepared by SiO₂ nanoparticle spraying. This surface enables self-cleaning while maintaining microwave absorption performance. This work proposes a multifunctional metamaterial design and reveals the intrinsic correlation between structural topology and electromagnetic response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101757"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generating auxeticity in graphene Kirigami with rectangular and rhomboidal perforations","authors":"Tongwei Han ,&nbsp;Suncheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Scarpa","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene Kirigami provides a transformative approach to achieving tunable auxeticity in two-dimensional materials. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to explore the mechanical behavior of graphene with rectangular and rhomboidal perforations. The findings reveal that auxeticity, characterized by a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), can be precisely controlled by manipulating geometric parameters such as aspect ratio (AR) and intercell spacing (IS). Structures with larger AR and smaller IS exhibit enhanced auxetic behavior, with rectangular perforations outperforming rhomboidal ones. Mechanistically, the interplay between in-plane rotation and out-of-plane deformation of Kirigami units drives the NPR, bridging macroscopic design concepts with nanoscale material phenomena. These results provide critical insights for designing graphene-based nanoscale devices with tunable mechanical properties, enabling advancements in flexible electronics, sensors, and actuators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101756"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional metastructure for low-frequency ultra wideband absorption, radar cross section reduction and thermal insulation based on the lightweight microwave absorption materials","authors":"Guodong Han ,&nbsp;Fangyuan Qi ,&nbsp;Song Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Jia ,&nbsp;Yudeng Wang ,&nbsp;Sai Sui ,&nbsp;Bo Feng ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Jiafu Wang ,&nbsp;Shaobo Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lightweight microwave absorbing materials(MAMs) have always been a research hot topics in the field of electromagnetic waves(EMWs) absorption. In this work, the pineapple peel (PA) was used as a carbon source and combined with Co alloys. The hollow porous carbon of the PA after pyrolysis provides advantage for becoming the lightweight MAMs. When the soaking time of PA-800 in the solution of CoCl₂•6H₂O achieves at 60 h, PA-800-60 was successfully prepared which the <em>RL</em>_<em>min</em> of −24.8 dB and the EAB reach 5.8 GHz (12.2–18 GHz) at the thickness of only 1.3 mm. In order to improve the effects of impedance matching, the height of 9 mm frustum metastructure based on PA-800-60 was designed and used for improving microwave absorption in the low-frequency range. The EAB has been expanded from 5.8 GHz to 13.5 GHz (3.5–18 GHz) which covers the C, X and Ku band and the <em>RL</em>_<em>min</em> reached −17.5 dB at the frequency of 7.44 GHz. Meanwhile, the RCS value of PA-800-60 layer is less than −10 dB m² cover the range of −60°–60° and the maximum scattering intensity is only −10 dB m² at the thickness of 2 mm. In addition to, the PA-800-60 exhibits superb thermal insulation performance due to abundant air with lower thermal conductivity take place of solid phase with higher thermal conductivity. This work provides a new direction for the research and development of multifunctional electromagnetic metastructures based on the lightweight MAMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101742"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a two-mode hydrogel sensor with a thermal diffusion effect for intelligent sensing and temperature warning","authors":"Xuze Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Yang ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Jiannan Lei ,&nbsp;Zinan Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Liu ,&nbsp;Jihao Ye ,&nbsp;Tianxu Ji ,&nbsp;Wei Duan ,&nbsp;Ying Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of flexible sensor technology, dual-responsive polymer hydrogel sensors have attracted considerable attention owing to their high sensitivity and multifunctional capabilities. However, conventional poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels, while demonstrating excellent thermal responsiveness, are limited by inadequate mechanical strength, poor conductivity, and restricted functionality, making the development of high-performance multifunctional PNIPAM hydrogels a significant challenge. In this study, a smart dual-response hydrogel based on PNIPAM is proposed, incorporating methyl methacrylate (MMA) and sodium chloride (NaCl), which, when combined with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), forms a double-network structure, thereby achieving synergistic optimization of the mechanical properties and temperature response. The hydrogel precisely tunes its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) to 80 °C through the hydrophobic groups of MMA while significantly enhancing conductivity via Na⁺/Cl⁻ ionic shielding effects. Additionally, it provides exceptional mechanical properties, including a stretching strain of 1077 % and a compressive strength of 128.6 kPa. Moreover, it has excellent strain sensing sensitivity over a wide threshold range of 1–400 % (GF = 6.6). Importantly, the incorporation of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM]BF₄) substantially enhanced the thermoelectric properties, inducing a distinctive P-to-N-type transition in the Seebeck coefficient across the phase change (from +2.37 mV K⁻¹ to −6.84 mV K⁻¹). Herein, successful object shape recognition and graded temperature warning functions were achieved by integrating a deep learning algorithm (with an accuracy of 99.40 %) with a manipulator system. The experimental results demonstrate that the hydrogel shows great potential for human motion monitoring, high-temperature human-machine interactions, and smart robotics, offering new ideas for multifunctional e-skin design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101750"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144097607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic field effects on electrochemical CO2 reduction at bismuth based electrocatalyst","authors":"Jie Deng,&nbsp;Peize Li,&nbsp;Shujie Liu,&nbsp;Shuchang Fan,&nbsp;Yan Shen,&nbsp;Mingkui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of magnetic fields has garnered significant attention for enhancing the efficiency of electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction (CO₂RR), as it can improve electrocatalytic activity by augmenting mass transport, electron transport, and spin selectivity effects. This study investigates the distinct effects of a magnetic field on two non-magnetic electrocatalysts, bismuth-based metal-organic frameworks (Bi-MOF) and bismuth-based single-atom catalysts (Bi-SACs), to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their promotion of CO₂RR for formate and CO production, respectively. When an external magnetic field of 0.9 T was applied, the Bi-MOF electrode showed a magnetic current gain of 63.2 %, with the Faradaic efficiency for formate increasing to 98.3 % at −1.2 V (<em>vs</em>. RHE). In contrast, the Bi-SACs electrode only achieved a magnetic current gain of 6.2%, with a Faradaic efficiency for CO of 82.4 % at −0.7 V (<em>vs</em>. RHE). Further <em>in-situ</em> spectroscopic experiments and microelectrode tests reveal that the differential magnetic field enhancement observed for the Bi-MOF and Bi-SACs electrodes arises from the spin-selective effect on radical pairs of CO₂ with different adsorption states. These findings provide critical insights into the role of magnetic fields in modulating CO₂RR pathways and highlight the potential for optimizing electrocatalytic performance through spin-selective processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101751"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient microwave absorber for phase-engineered modulation of MoS2 induced by trace atom doping","authors":"Long Ma ,&nbsp;Yunfei He ,&nbsp;Sihao Dou ,&nbsp;Long Xia ,&nbsp;Dongdong Liu ,&nbsp;Bo Zhong ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traditional electromagnetic microwave (EM) absorption materials are limited by the electromagnetic response characteristics dominated by a single loss mechanism, and it is difficult to realize the cooperative optimization of multiple loss mechanisms and impedance matching. In this study, the phase structure engineering and defect characteristics of MoS₂ were controlled by heteroatom doping strategy, and Fe-doped yolk-shell MoS₂ nanoflower microspheres EM absorption material were successfully prepared. The introduction of Fe atoms can form an atomic-level \" charge-enriched center \" defect, induce crystal structure distortion, and thus realize the construction of a high-density and stable 1T/2H heterogeneous interface. The ratio of 1T/2H phase increases with the increase of the gradient of Fe atom doping. Specifically, the 8Fe-MoS₂ sample demonstrated excellent EM absorption performance at a matching thickness of 1.95 mm, with a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.36 GHz and a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −72.18 dB (1.65 mm). Through detailed characterization and multi-scale simulation, it is revealed that the superior EM absorption performance is the result of the synergistic effect of Fe defect induced polarization, interface polarization at high density heterogeneous interface, resistance loss and EM transmission path optimization. This multi-scale control strategy precisely combines the coupling effect of MoS₂'s defect characteristics and phase structure with multiple dielectric loss mechanisms, which provides a new design idea for developing high-performance MoS₂-based EM absorption materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101752"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programming stretchable planar coils as strain-invariant inductors and ultrasensitive wearable sensors","authors":"Zhengyan Wang,&nbsp;Xinxin Chang,&nbsp;Yingao Xu,&nbsp;Yingjie Gao,&nbsp;Yulian Peng,&nbsp;Yueyang Wang,&nbsp;Zhihua Feng,&nbsp;Hongbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stretchable planar coils play increasingly important roles in flexible electronics, from wireless antennas, electrical components, to inductive sensors. Understanding the governing law that affects the inductance-strain behavior is of critical importance. In this paper, we identify that aspect ratio (AR) is the only crucial design parameter, with rigorous numerical analysis and experimental validation. The inductance response of the stretchable planar coil can be controlled during the strain process, and the strain sensitivity can be tailored across 3 orders of amplitude. A strain-invariant stretchable coil is designed with a maximum inductance change less than 1 % when stretched by 50 %, and is demonstrated for wireless power transfer and wireless communication. In addition, high aspect ratio coils are designed as inductive strain sensors with hysteresis free, temperature and pressure invariant, linear response to strain over 100 %, and a detection limit down to 0.01 % strain. We demonstrate that the inductive strain sensors worn on the forearm enable imperceptible monitoring of fine finger movements, muscle fatigue, response time, grasping force and size, and hand gestures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101755"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-efficiency 1.94 μm single-oscillator monolithic thulium-doped fiber laser with more than 200 W output power","authors":"Muhammad Tahir Sohail ,&nbsp;Jinde Yin ,&nbsp;Bowen Li ,&nbsp;Muhammad Tayyab Sohail ,&nbsp;Yan Peiguang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we present the realization of a diode-pumped monolithic thulium-doped all-fiber laser operating at 1.94 μm, employing a single-oscillator architecture (SOA). Our findings demonstrate the production of 203.2 W of laser output power from an incident pump power of 353 W at 793 nm, achieving a remarkable slope efficiency of 61.2 %. The laser features a central wavelength of 1940.6 nm with an FWHM bandwidth of 2 nm at the output signal power of 203.2 W. Notably, the laser exhibited exceptional stability, with power variations of less than 0.2 % over a continuous 2-h operation at maximum output power. To our knowledge, this achievement marks the highest output power reached around 1.94 μm while maintaining such slope efficiency and power stability based on SOA. Additionally, we introduce an innovative splicing technique for large mode area (LMA) fibers, effectively enhancing the transmission of high-power emissions. This thulium-doped all-fiber laser holds significant promise for applications in both the medical and industrial sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18253,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Physics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101753"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}