Marine Drugs最新文献

{"title":"Degradation of Natural <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> into Unsaturated Guluronic Acid Oligosaccharides by a Single Alginate Lyase.","authors":"Hui Wang, Jiaqi Wen, Nuraliya Ablimit, Kun Deng, Wenzhuo Wang, Wei Jiang","doi":"10.3390/md22100453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md22100453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here, we report on a bifunctional alginate lyase (Vnalg7) expressed in <i>Pichia pastoris</i>, which can degrade natural <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> into unsaturated guluronic acid di- and trisaccharide without pretreatment. The enzyme activity of Vnalg7 (3620.00 U/mL-culture) was 15.81-fold higher than that of the original <i>alg</i> (228.90 U/mL-culture), following engineering modification. The degradation rate reached 52.75%, and reducing sugar reached 30.30 mg/mL after combining Vnalg7 (200.00 U/mL-culture) and 14% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) <i>U. pinnatifida</i> for 6 h. Analysis of the action mode indicated that Vnalg7 could degrade many substrates to produce a variety of unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs), and the minimal substrate was tetrasaccharide. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that Glu²³⁸, Glu²⁴¹, Glu³¹², Arg²³⁶, His³⁰⁷, Lys⁴¹⁴, and Tyr⁴¹⁸ are essential catalytic sites, while Glu³³⁴, Glu³⁴⁴, and Asp³¹¹ play auxiliary roles. Mechanism analysis revealed the enzymatic degradation pattern of Vnalg7, which mainly recognizes and attacks the third glycosidic linkage from the reducing end of oligosaccharide substrate. Our findings provide a novel alginate lyase tool and a sustainable and commercial production strategy for value-added biomolecules using seaweeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive-Enhancing Effect of Marine Brown Algae-Derived Phenolics through S100B Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity in the Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Jurairat Khongrum, Pratoomporn Yingthongchai, Suriya Tateing, Pratchaya Kaewkaen","doi":"10.3390/md22100451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md22100451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive impairments are frequently reported after ischemic strokes. Novel and effective treatments are required. This study aimed to develop a functional ingredient obtained from marine algae and to determine the effect of the extract on antioxidative stress, as well as neuroprotective effects, in a rat model of MCAO-induced ischemic stroke. Among the selected marine algal extracts, <i>Sargassum polycystum</i> displayed the highest total phenolic content and antioxidative potential, and was subsequently used to evaluate cognitive function in rat models of ischemic stroke. The <i>S. polycystum</i> extract, administered at doses of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg BW, significantly improved cognitive function by enhancing cognitive performance in the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. Biochemical changes revealed that providing <i>S. polycystum</i> increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px by 52.48%, 50.77%, and 66.20%, respectively, and decreased the concentrations of MDA by 51.58% and S100B by 36.64% compared to the vehicle group. These findings suggest that <i>S. polycystum</i> extract may mitigate cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting S100B expression, thus highlighting its potential as a functional ingredient for drugs and nutraceuticals aimed at neuroprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Physicochemical Characteristics of Marine Protein Hydrolysates and the Impact of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on Their Bioactivity.","authors":"Deepanshi Sharma, Snehal Gite, Maria G Tuohy","doi":"10.3390/md22100452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md22100452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) were obtained from different fish sources using a combination of microbial enzymes. The industrially produced FPHs from blue whiting (<i>Micromesistius poutassou</i>) and sprat (<i>Sprattus sprattus</i>) were compared to freeze-dried FPHs generated in-house from hake (<i>Merluccius merluccius</i>) and mackerel (<i>Scomber scombrus</i>) in terms of their physicochemical composition and functionality. Significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were observed in the protein, moisture, and ash contents of the FPHs, with the majority having high levels of protein (73.24-89.31%). Fractions that were more extensively hydrolysed exhibited a high solubility index (74.05-98.99%) at different pHs. Blue whiting protein hydrolysate-B (BWPH-B) had the highest foaming capacity at pH 4 (146.98 ± 4.28%) and foam stability over 5 min (90-100%) at pH 4, 6, and 8. The emulsifying capacity ranged from 61.11-108.90 m²/g, while emulsion stability was 37.82-76.99% at 0.5% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) concentration. In terms of peptide bioactivity, sprat protein hydrolysate (SPH) had the strongest overall reducing power. The highest Cu²⁺ chelating activity was exhibited by hake protein hydrolysate (HPH) and mackerel protein hydrolysate (MPH), with IC₅₀ values of 0.66 and 0.78 mg protein/mL, respectively, while blue whiting protein hydrolysate-A (BWPH-A) had the highest activity against Fe²⁺ (IC₅₀ = 1.89 mg protein/mL). SPH scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals best with IC₅₀ values of 0.73 and 2.76 mg protein/mL, respectively. All FPHs displayed noteworthy scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.48-3.46 mg protein/mL. SPH and MPH showed the highest scavenging potential against superoxide radicals with IC₅₀ values of 1.75 and 2.53 mg protein/mL and against hydrogen peroxide with 2.22 and 3.66 mg protein/mL, respectively. While inhibition of α-glucosidase was not observed, the IC₅₀ values against α-amylase ranged from 8.81-18.42 mg protein/mL, with SPH displaying the highest activity. The stability of FPHs following simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) showed an irregular trend. Overall, the findings suggest that marine-derived protein hydrolysates may serve as good sources of natural nutraceuticals with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Properties of Crosslinked Quaternized Chitosan-Based Hydrogel Films Ionically Bonded with Acetylsalicylic Acid for Biomedical Materials.","authors":"Jingjing Zhang, Linqing Wang, Yingqi Mi, Fang Dong, Zhanyong Guo","doi":"10.3390/md22100450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md22100450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the current study is to develop chitosan-based biomaterials which can sustainably release acetylsalicylic acid while presenting significant biological activity. Herein, an innovative ionic bonding strategy between hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) and acetylsalicylic acid (AA) was proposed, skillfully utilizing the electrostatic attraction of the ionic bond to achieve the controlled release of drugs. Based on this point, six crosslinked <i>N</i>-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan acetylsalicylic acid salt (CHACAA) hydrogel films with varying acetylsalicylic acid contents were prepared by a crosslinking reaction. The results of ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR) and scanning electron morphology (SEM) confirmed the crosslinked structure, while the obtained hydrogel films possessed favorable thermal stability, mechanical properties, and swelling ability. In addition, the drug release behavior of the hydrogel films was also investigated. As expected, the prepared hydrogel films demonstrated the capability for the sustainable release of acetylsalicylic acid due to ion pair attraction dynamics. Furthermore, the bioactivities of CHACAA-3 and CHACAA-4 hydrogel films with acetylsalicylic acid molar equivalents of 1.25 and 1.5 times those of HACC were particularly pronounced, which not only exhibited an excellent drug sustained-release ability and antibacterial effect, but also had a higher potential for binding and scavenging inflammatory factors, including NO and TNF-α. These findings suggest that CHACAA-3 and CHACAA-4 hydrogel films hold great potential for applications in wound dressing, tissue engineering scaffolds, and drug carriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Sea to Lab: Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibition by Marine Peptides-Mechanisms and Applications.","authors":"Du-Min Jo, Fazlurrahman Khan, Seul-Ki Park, Seok-Chun Ko, Kyung Woo Kim, Dongwoo Yang, Ji-Yul Kim, Gun-Woo Oh, Grace Choi, Dae-Sung Lee, Young-Mog Kim","doi":"10.3390/md22100449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md22100449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To reveal potent ACE inhibitors, researchers screen various bioactive peptides from several sources, and more attention has been given to aquatic sources. This review summarizes the recent research achievements on marine peptides with ACE-inhibitory action and application. Marine peptides are considered excellent bioactives due to their large structural diversity and unusual bioactivities. The mechanisms by which these marine peptides inhibit ACE include competitive binding to ACEs' active site, interfering with ACE conformational changes, and avoiding the identification of substrates. The unique 3D attributes of marine peptides confer inhibition advantages toward ACE activity. Because IC₅₀ values of marine peptides' interaction with ACE are low, structure-based research assumes that the interaction between ACE and peptides increased the therapeutic application. Numerous studies on marine peptides focused on the sustainable extraction of ACE-inhibitory peptides produced from several fish, mollusks, algae, and sponges. Meanwhile, their potential applications and medical benefits are worth investigating and considering. Due to these peptides exhibiting antioxidant, antihypertensive, and even antimicrobial properties simultaneously, their therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disease and other illnesses only increases. In addition, as marine peptides show better pharmacological benefits, they have increased absorption rates and low toxicity and could perhaps be modified for better stability and bioefficacy. Biotechnological advances in peptide synthesis and formulation have greatly facilitated the generation of peptide-based ACE inhibitors from marine sources, which subsequently offer new treatment models. This article gives a complete assessment of the present state of knowledge about marine organism peptides as ACE inhibitors. In addition, it emphasizes the relevance of additional investigation into their mechanisms of action, the optimization of manufacturing processes, and assessment in in vivo, preclinical, and clinical settings, underlining the urgency and value of this study. Using marine peptides for ACE inhibition not only broadens the repertory of bioactive compounds but also shows promise for tackling the global health burden caused by cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halocins and C₅₀ Carotenoids from Haloarchaea: Potential Natural Tools against Cancer.","authors":"Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa","doi":"10.3390/md22100448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md22100448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Haloarchaea are a group of moderate and extreme halophilic microorganisms, belonging to the Archaea domain, that constitute relevant microbial communities in salty environments like coastal and inland salted ponds, marshes, salty lagoons, etc. They can survive in stress conditions such as high salinity and, therefore, high ionic strength, high doses of ultraviolet radiation (UV), high temperature, and extreme pH values. Consequently, most of the species can be considered polyextremophiles owing to their ability to respond to the multiple extreme conditions characterizing their natural habitats. They cope with those stresses thanks to several molecular and metabolic adaptations. Thus, some of the molecules produced by haloarchaea show significantly different biological activities and physicochemical properties compared to their bacterial counterparts. Recent studies have revealed promising applications in biotechnology and medicine for these biomolecules. Among haloarchaeal biomolecules, rare natural pigments (C₅₀ carotenoids) and small peptides called halocins and microhalocins have attracted attention worldwide due to their effects on animal and human commercial tumoral cells, apart from the role as antibiotics described for halocins or the immunomodulatory activity reported from C₅₀ carotenoids like bacterioruberin. This review summarizes recent knowledge on these two types of biomolecules in connection with cancer to shed new light on the design of drugs and new therapies based on natural compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Fusarochromanone Derivatives from the Marine Fungus <i>Fusarium equiseti</i> UBOCC-A-117302.","authors":"Giang Nam Pham, Béatrice Josselin, Arnaud Cousseau, Blandine Baratte, Marie Dayras, Christophe Le Meur, Stella Debaets, Amélie Weill, Thomas Robert, Gaëtan Burgaud, Ian Probert, Fatouma Mohamed Abdoul-Latif, Laurent Boyer, Stéphane Bach, Mohamed Mehiri","doi":"10.3390/md22100444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md22100444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two new fusarochromanone derivatives, deacetylfusarochromene (<b>1</b>) and deacetamidofusarochrom-2',3-diene (<b>2</b>), along with the previously reported metabolites fusarochromanone TDP-2 (<b>3</b>), fusarochromene (<b>4</b>), 2,2-dimethyl-5-amino-6-(2'<i>E</i>-ene-4'-hydroxylbutyryl)-4-chromone (<b>5</b>), fusarochromanone (<b>6</b>), (-)-chrysogine (<b>7</b>), and equisetin (<b>8</b>), were isolated from the marine fungus <i>Fusarium equiseti</i> UBOCC-A-117302. The structures of the compounds were determined by extensive spectrometric (HRMS) and spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) analyses, as well as specific rotation. Among them, <b>2</b> and <b>5</b> showed inhibition of three protein kinases with IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.42 to 25.48 μM. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of all isolated compounds were also evaluated. Six fusarochromanone derivatives (<b>1</b>-<b>6</b>) exhibited diverse activities against three cell lines, RPE-1, HCT-116, and U2OS (IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.058 to 84.380 μM). Equisetin (<b>8</b>) showed bactericidal activities against <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (MBC values of 7.8 and 31.25 µM, respectively), and bacteriostatic activity against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (MIC value of 31.25 µM). Compounds <b>2</b> and <b>4</b> showed bacteriostatic activities against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (MIC of 125 µM).</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Enzymatic Deproteination of Northern Shrimp (<i>Pandalus borealis</i>) Shell Chitin Using Commercial Proteases.","authors":"Julia Pohling, Vegneshwaran Vasudevan Ramakrishnan, Abul Hossain, Sheila Trenholm, Deepika Dave","doi":"10.3390/md22100445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md22100445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shrimp shells are a key source of chitin, commonly extracted through chemical methods, which may cause minor molecular damage. Nowadays, there is great interest in achieving close to zero protein content in crude chitin in order to use it for high-end markets. Therefore, this study optimized the enzymatic deproteination using two commercial proteases (SEB Pro FL100 and Sea-B Zyme L200) for effective and fast removal of residual protein from Northern shrimp (<i>Pandalus borealis</i>) shell chitin for the first time. The protein content was determined using both the Kjeldahl method and amino acid analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The performance of papain (Sea B Zyme L200) was superior to fungal protease (SEB Pro FL100) for this application, and it achieved residual protein content of 2.01%, while the calculated optimum for the latter enzyme was 6.18%. A model was developed using 2⁴ factorial design, and it was predicted that the lowest residual protein content using fungal protease and papain could be achieved at the following conditions: a pH of 4.2 and 7, and an enzyme concentration of 4 and 1.5%, respectively. Thus, the low-protein content obtained using enzymatic deproteination could be an alternative approach to the traditional methods, indicating their potential to produce premium-quality chitin.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Sponge-Derived Diterpenes: 2009-2022.","authors":"Jinmei Xia, Xiangwei Chen, Guangyu Li, Peng Qiu, Weiyi Wang, Zongze Shao","doi":"10.3390/md22100447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md22100447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sponges are a vital source of pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites, of which the main structural types are alkaloids and terpenoids. Many of these compounds exhibit biological activities. Focusing specifically on diterpenoids, this article reviews the structures and biological activities of 228 diterpenes isolated from more than 33 genera of sponges from 2009 to 2022. The <i>Spongia</i> sponges produce the most diterpenoid molecules among all genera, accounting for 27%. Of the 228 molecules, 110 exhibit cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and antifouling activities, among others. The most prevalent activity is cytotoxicity, present in 54 molecules, which represent 24% of the diterpenes reported. These structurally and biologically diverse diterpenoids highlight the vast, yet largely untapped, potential of marine sponges in the discovery of new bioactive molecules for medicinal use.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Omega-3 Puzzle: Navigating Challenges and Innovations for Bone Health and Healthy Aging.","authors":"Zayana Ali, Mohammad Ahmed Al-Ghouti, Haissam Abou-Saleh, Md Mizanur Rahman","doi":"10.3390/md22100446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md22100446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs, n-3 PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), are essential polyunsaturated fats primarily obtained from fatty fish and plant-based sources. Compelling evidence from preclinical and epidemiological studies consistently suggests beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs on bone health and healthy aging processes. However, clinical trials have yielded mixed results, with some failing to replicate these benefits seen in preclinical models. This contraindication is mainly due to challenges such as low bioavailability, potential adverse effects with higher doses, and susceptibility to oxidation of ω-3 fatty acids, hindering their clinical effectiveness. This review comprehensively discusses recent findings from a clinical perspective, along with preclinical and epidemiological studies, emphasizing the role of ω-3 PUFAs in promoting bone health and supporting healthy aging. Additionally, it explores strategies to improve ω-3 PUFA efficacy, including nanoparticle encapsulation and incorporation of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) derived from DHA and EPA, to mitigate oxidation and enhance solubility, thereby improving therapeutic potential. By consolidating evidence from various studies, this review underscores current insights and future directions in leveraging ω-3 PUFAs for therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}