Marine Drugs最新文献

{"title":"Components and Biological Activities of Venom from Lionfishes (Scorpaenidae: <i>Pterois</i>).","authors":"Candelario Rodriguez, Jafeth Carrasco, Gaspar Bruner-Montero, Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Júnior, Marcelino Gutiérrez, Edgardo Díaz-Ferguson","doi":"10.3390/md23020055","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23020055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fishes of the genus <i>Pterois</i> possess spines that provoke intense pain, which can last for weeks. Since the first toxicological description of their spine venom, a significant amount of research has been published regarding their biochemical characterization. This minireview presents research published from 1959 to 2024 on bioactive substances found in <i>Pterois</i> species. <i>Pterois</i> venom mainly contains peptides and proteins that display a range of biological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, enzymatic, cardiovascular, procoagulant, neurological, neuromuscular, and nutraceutical effects. Although <i>Pterois</i> venom contains bioactive substances, the toxic side effects, such as hemolysis and nociception, of these venoms should be considered. Hence, further intense research is needed to establish the potential uses of <i>Pterois</i> venom for human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blockade of the STAT3/BCL-xL Axis Leads to the Cytotoxic and Cisplatin-Sensitizing Effects of Fucoxanthin, a Marine-Derived Carotenoid, on Human Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Cells.","authors":"Wen-Chyi Dai, Tzu-Hsuan Chen, Tzu-Ching Peng, Yung-Ching He, Chao-Yu Hsu, Chia-Che Chang","doi":"10.3390/md23020054","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23020054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder cancer is a globally prevalent urological malignancy, with transitional carcinoma (TCC) representing the majority of cases. Cisplatin is the primary drug for metastatic bladder cancer chemotherapy; however, its application is limited by nephrotoxicity and resistance. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogenic transcription factor often overactivated in various cancers, making it an appealing drug target. Fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid, has significant anticancer properties. This study explored Fucoxanthin's cytotoxic effects and its potential to potentiate the efficacy of Cisplatin, along with the mechanisms underlying these effects, on human bladder TCC cells. We demonstrated that Fucoxanthin is cytotoxic to bladder TCC cells by inducing apoptosis, evidenced by z-VAD-fmk-mediated annulment of Fucoxanthin's cytotoxicity. Furthermore, Fucoxanthin reduced the levels of inherent or interleukin-6-induced tyrosine 705-phosphorylated STAT3 accompanied by downregulating BCL-xL, a well-established STAT3 target. Notably, ectopic expression of STAT3-C, a dominant-active STAT3 mutant, or BCL-xL thwarted Fucoxanthin's proapoptotic and cytotoxic actions. Moreover, Fucoxanthin at subtoxic dosages enhanced the susceptibility to Cisplatin-induced apoptosis of bladder TCC cells initially resistant to Cisplatin. Remarkably, this Cisplatin-sensitizing effect of Fucoxanthin was abrogated when cells ectopically expressed STAT3-C or BCL-xL. Overall, for the first time, we proved that the proapoptotic, cytotoxic, and Cisplatin-sensitizing effects of Fucoxanthin on human bladder TCC cells are attributed to the blockade of the STAT3/BCL-xL axis. Our findings highlight that targeting the STAT3/BCL-xL axis is a promising strategy to eliminate bladder TCC cells and facilitate Cisplatin sensitization, and further support the potential of incorporating Fucoxanthin into Cisplatin-based chemotherapy for treating bladder cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and Bioactive Benefits of Selected Microalgal Hydrolysates Assessed In Silico and In Vitro.","authors":"Elena Aurino, Leticia Mora, Antonio Marzocchella, Christina M Kuchendorf, Bärbel Ackermann, Maria Hayes","doi":"10.3390/md23020053","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23020053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BIOPEP-UWM, a peptide database, contains 5128 peptides from a myriad of resources. Five listed peptides are Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-1; EC3.4.15.1) inhibitory peptides derived from a red alga, while two from <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> have anti-cancer and antioxidative bioactivities. Herein, we describe a process combining hydrolysis with two enzymes, Alcalase and Viscozyme, and filtration to generate protein-rich, bioactive peptide-containing hydrolysates from mixed species of <i>Chlorella</i> sp. and <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. The potential of generated algal hydrolysates to act as food ingredients was determined by assessment of their techno-functional (foaming, emulsification, solubility, water holding, and oil holding capacity) properties. Bioactive screening of hydrolysates in vitro combined with mass spectrometry (MS) and in silico predictions identified bioactive and functional hydrolysates and six novel peptides. Peptides derived from <i>Chlorella</i> mix have the sequences YDYIGNNPAKGGLF and YIGNNPAKGGLF with predicted anti-inflammatory (medium confidence) and umami potential. Peptides from <i>Scenedesmus</i> mix have sequences IEWYGPDRPKFL, RSPTGEIIFGGETM, TVQIPGGERVPFLF, and IEWYGPDRPKFLGPF with predicted anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and umami attributes. Such microalgal hydrolysates could provide essential amino acids to consumers as well as tertiary health benefits to improve human global health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production, Transport, Fate and Effects of Lipids in the Marine Environment.","authors":"Christopher C Parrish","doi":"10.3390/md23020052","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23020052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipids form energy storage depots, cellular barriers and signaling molecules. They are generated and metabolized by enzymes under the influence of biotic and abiotic factors, and some-the long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 and ω6 fatty acids and cholesterol-are essential for optimal health in marine organisms. In addition, lipids have direct and indirect roles in the control of buoyancy in marine fauna ranging from copepods to whales. Phytoplankton account for about half of the planet's carbon fixation, and about half of that carbon goes into lipids. Lipids are an important component of the ocean's ability to sequester carbon away from the atmosphere through sinking and especially after transfer to zooplankton. Phytoplankton are the main suppliers of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the marine environment. They also supply cholesterol and many phytosterols to ocean ecosystems; however, genomics is indicating that members of the Cnidaria, Rotifera, Annelida, and Mollusca phyla also have the endogenous capacity for the de novo synthesis of ω3 PUFAs as well as phytosterols. It has been predicted that ω3 long-chain PUFAs will decrease in marine organisms with climate change, with implications for human consumption and for carbon sequestration; however, the responses of ω3 PUFA supply to future conditions are likely to be quite diverse.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Synthesis of Fused Polycyclic Ether Systems via Sulfonium Ylides: A Synthetic Approach to Yessotoxin and Adriatoxin.","authors":"Federico Moya-Utrera, Iván Cheng-Sánchez, Irama Fuentes-Pino, Antonio Sánchez-Ruiz, Francisco Sarabia","doi":"10.3390/md23020051","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23020051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel class of chiral sulfonium salts, derived from L- and D-methionine, was designed and successfully employed for the diastereoselective synthesis of epoxy amides. This new methodology of asymmetric epoxidation was exploited for the stereoselective construction of fused polycyclic ethers, which are structural motifs present in a great variety of natural products of marine origin. This methodology proved to be useful for the synthesis of the tricyclic <b>A-C</b> system contained in yessotoxin and adriatoxin, and also in many other related natural products of marine origin belonging to the fused polycyclic ether toxins.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Blockade-Based Genome Mining of <i>Malbranchea circinata</i> SDU050: Discovery of Diverse Secondary Metabolites.","authors":"Hu Yang, Xiaowei Luo, Zhuo Shang, Kunlong Li, Jian Cai, Yingying Chen, Longchao Xin, Jianhua Ju","doi":"10.3390/md23010050","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23010050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Malbranchea circinata</i> SDU050, a fungus derived from deep-sea sediment, is a prolific producer of diverse secondary metabolites. Genome sequencing revealed the presence of at least 69 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including 30 encoding type I polyketide synthases (PKSs). This study reports the isolation and identification of four classes of secondary metabolites from wild-type <i>M. circinata</i> SDU050, alongside five additional metabolite classes, including three novel cytochalasins (<b>7</b>-<b>9</b>), obtained from a mutant strain through the metabolic blockade strategy. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis of the BGC associated with the isocoumarin sclerin (<b>1</b>) enabled the deduction of its biosynthetic pathway based on gene function predictions. Bioactivity assays demonstrated that sclerin (<b>1</b>) and (-)-mycousnine (<b>10</b>) exhibited weak antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. These findings underscore the chemical diversity and biosynthetic potential of <i>M. circinata</i> SDU050 and highlight an effective strategy for exploring marine fungal metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ishophloroglucin A Isolated from <i>Ishige okamurae</i> Protects Glomerular Cells from Methylglyoxal-Induced Diacarbonyl Stress and Inhibits the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy.","authors":"Chi-Heung Cho, Min-Gyeong Kim, Bomi Ryu, Sang-Hoon Lee","doi":"10.3390/md23010048","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23010048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ishige okamurae</i> (<i>I. okamuare</i>), an edible brown alga, is rich in isophloroglucin A (IPA) phlorotannin compounds and is effective in preventing diseases, including diabetes. We evaluated its anti-glycation ability, intracellular reactive oxygen species scavenging activity, inhibitory effect on the accumulation of intracellular MGO/MGO-derived advanced glycation end products (AGE), and regulation of downstream signaling pathways related to the AGE-receptor for AGEs (RAGE) interaction. IPA (0.2, 1, and 5 μM) demonstrated anti-glycation ability by inhibiting the formation of glucose-fructose-BSA-derived AGEs by up to 54.63% compared to the untreated control, reducing the formation of irreversible cross-links between MGO-derived AGEs and collagen by 67.68% and the breaking down of existing cross-links by approximately 91% (<i>p</i> < 0.001). IPA protected cells from MGO-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting intracellular MGO accumulation (untreated cells: 1.62 μg/mL, MGO treated cells: 25.27 μg/mL, and IPA 5 μM: 11.23 μg/mL) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and AGE generation and inhibited MGO-induced renal cell damage via the downregulation of MGO-induced RAGE protein expression (relative protein expression levels of MGO treated cells: 9.37 and IPA 5 μM:1.74) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Overall, these results suggest that IPA has the potential to be utilized as a useful natural agent for the prevention and management of AGE-related diabetic nephropathy, owing to its strong anti-glycation activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep-Sea-Derived Isobisvertinol Targets TLR4 to Exhibit Neuroprotective Activity via Anti-Inflammatory and Ferroptosis-Inhibitory Effects.","authors":"Zi-Han Xu, Ming-Min Xie, Chun-Lan Xie, Xian-Wen Yang, Jun-Song Wang","doi":"10.3390/md23010049","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23010049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death are leading causes of death in the elderly and underlie various neurodegenerative diseases. These diseases involve complex pathophysiological mechanisms, including inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis. Compounds derived from deep-sea fungi exhibit low toxicity and potent neuroprotective effects, offering a promising source for drug development. In this study, we isolated 44 natural products from deep-sea-derived fungi and identified isobisvertinol (<b>17</b>) as a compound with anti-inflammatory and ferroptosis-inhibiting effects. Using LPS-induced microglial inflammation and RSL3-induced neuronal ferroptosis models, we found that <b>17</b> targets TLR4 to provide neuroprotection. Molecular docking studies revealed that <b>17</b> inhibits TLR4 activation by occupying the hydrophobic pocket at the TLR4-MD2 binding site. Additionally, <b>17</b> suppresses TLR4, reducing p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and inhibits ferroptosis by decreasing lipid peroxidation and modulating mitochondrial membrane potential. Metabolomic analysis showed that <b>17</b> rescues alterations in multiple metabolic pathways induced by RSL3 and increases levels of antioxidant metabolites, including glutamine, glutamate, and glutathione. In summary, our results indicate that isobisvertinol (<b>17</b>) targets TLR4 in neural cells to reduce inflammation and inhibit p38 MAPK phosphorylation, while regulating metabolic pathways, mainly GSH synthesis, to provide antioxidant effects and prevent ferroptosis in neurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methyl 3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate Attenuates Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Regulating TLR/NF-κB Pathways.","authors":"Jing Huang, Lei Li, Liyan Xu, Lixin Feng, Yuxin Wang, Attila Gabor Sik, Meng Jin, Rongchun Wang, Kechun Liu, Xiaobin Li","doi":"10.3390/md23010047","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23010047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by uncontrolled, chronic relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and has become a global healthcare problem. Here, we aimed to illustrate the anti-inflammatory activity and the underlying mechanism of methyl 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate (MBD), a compound derived from marine organisms, especially in IBD, using a zebrafish model. The results indicated that MBD could inhibit the inflammatory responses induced by CuSO₄, tail amputation and LPS in zebrafish. Furthermore, MBD notably inhibited the intestinal migration of immune cells, enhanced the integrity of the gut mucosal barrier and improved intestinal peristalsis function in a zebrafish IBD model induced by trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS). In addition, MBD could inhibit ROS elevation induced by TNBS. Network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, transcriptomics sequencing and RT-PCR were conducted to investigate the potential mechanism. The results showed that MBD could regulate the TLR/NF-κB pathways by inhibiting the mRNA expression of <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>NF-κB</i>, <i>IL-1</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL6</i>, <i>AP1</i>, <i>IFNγ</i>, <i>IKKβ</i>, <i>MyD88</i>, <i>STAT3</i>, <i>TRAF1</i>, <i>TRAF6</i>, <i>NLRP3</i>, <i>NOD2</i>, <i>TLR3</i> and <i>TLR4</i>, and promoting the mRNA expression of <i>IL4</i>, <i>IκBα</i> and <i>Bcl-2.</i> In conclusion, these findings indicate that MBD could be a potential candidate for the treatment of IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Activities of Polysaccharide-Rich Extracts from the Irish Seaweed <i>Alaria esculenta</i>, Generated Using Green and Conventional Extraction Technologies, Against Foodborne Pathogens.","authors":"Ailbhe McGurrin, Rahel Suchintita Das, Arturo B Soro, Julie Maguire, Noelia Flórez Fernández, Herminia Dominguez, Maria Dolores Torres, Brijesh K Tiwari, Marco Garcia-Vaquero","doi":"10.3390/md23010046","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23010046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A rise in antimicrobial resistance coupled with consumer preferences towards natural preservatives has resulted in increased research towards investigating antimicrobial compounds from natural sources such as macroalgae (seaweeds), which contain antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer compounds. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of compounds produced by the Irish seaweed <i>Alaria esculenta</i> against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Listeria innocua</i>, bacterial species which are relevant for food safety. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE), and conventional extraction technologies (maceration) were applied to generate extracts from <i>A. esculenta</i>, followed by their preliminary chemical composition (total phenolic content, total protein content, total soluble sugars) and antimicrobial activity (with minimum inhibitory concentration determined by broth microdilution methods), examining also the molecular weight distribution (via high performance size exclusion chromatography) and oligosaccharide fraction composition (via high-performance liquid chromatography) of the polysaccharides, as they were the predominant compounds in these extracts, aiming to elucidate structure-function relationships. The chemical composition of the extracts demonstrated that they were high in total soluble sugars, with the highest total sugars being seen from the extract prepared with UAE, having 32.68 mg glucose equivalents/100 mg dried extract. Extracts had antimicrobial activity against <i>E. coli</i> and featured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 6.25 mg/mL (in the case of the extract prepared with UAE) and 12.5 mg/mL (in the case of the extracts prepared with MAE, UMAE, and conventional maceration). No antimicrobial activity was seen by any extracts against <i>L. innocua</i>. An analysis of molar mass distribution of <i>A. esculenta</i> extracts showed high heterogeneity, with high-molecular-weight areas possibly indicating the presence of fucoidan. The FTIR spectra also indicated the presence of fucoidan as well as alginate, both of which are commonly found in brown seaweeds. These results indicate the potential of antimicrobials from seaweeds extracted using green technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}