Lasers in Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"Direct navigated focal laser photocoagulation of choroidal neovascularization in central serous chorioretinopathy.","authors":"Dmitrii S Maltsev, Alexey N Kulikov, Alexandr S Vasiliev, Alina A Kazak, Yana A Kalinicheva, Jay Chhablani","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04425-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04425-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To report the efficacy and safety of navigated focal laser photocoagulation (FLP) in the management of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) complicated by choroidal neovascularization (CNV).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This interventional case series included patients with CSCR complicated by CNV, defined as the presence of characteristic OCT angiography features. All patients underwent FLP targeting the area of CNV, using the navigated laser system followed by a minimum six-month follow-up. The main outcome measure was complete resolution of subretinal fluid at the end of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 16 eyes of 16 patients (6 males and 10 females, mean age 59.3 ± 7.9 years). Mean baseline CNV area was 0.44 ± 0.23 mm². All eyes achieved complete resolution of SRF at 1.1 ± 0.4 months after FLP. At the beginning and at the end of follow-up best-corrected visual acuity was 0.16 ± 0.17 and 0.07 ± 0.12 LogMAR (p = 0.12), respectively. Central retinal thickness decreased from 372.4 ± 83.06 to 215.3 ± 21.5 μm (p < 0.0001), while subfoveal choroidal thickness remained stable (344.6 ± 101.0 μm at baseline and 316.8 ± 99.9 μm at the end of the follow-up, p = 0.53). No visual or anatomical deterioration was observed during 11.5 ± 7.5 months of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Navigated FLP of the area of CNV is an effective and safe option in the management of CSCR complicated by relatively small extrafoveal neovascular membranes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spot size matters: enhancing rosacea treatment with pulsed-dye laser.","authors":"Di Wu, Rong Zeng, Jianzhou Ye, Hong Huang, Xuesong Yang, Wenbin Zhao, Peilian Zhang, Jianting Yang, Lin Cong, Lijuan Zhao, Jinrong Wang, Qiongyu Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04427-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04427-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance of spot size in pulsed dye lasers for treatment of rosacea is frequently undervalued. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of 7-mm and 10-mm spot sizes of a 595-nm pulsed dye laser for treating erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.Twenty participants with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea were enrolled and received three treatments at 4-week intervals. The left and right cheeks were treated with a circular beam with diameters of 7 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The pulse duration was 10 ms. Therapeutic energy was adjusted by 5-10% based on the immediate reaction after treatment. The skin type, sex, age, lesion site, erythema severity score, telangiectasia severity score, VISIA percentile score, and clinical photographs were recorded at baseline and at 4-week intervals thereafter. The clinical erythema (CEA) score, patient global assessment (PGA) scale score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and adverse events were evaluated at 4-week intervals. Two physicians blindly evaluated the results.Significant improvements in CEA and telangiectasia scores, VISIA percentile score, and PGA scores were observed on both sides at 3 months, without significant differences between the left and right cheeks. Participant satisfaction with the right side (10 mm; 90%) was significantly higher than that with the left side (7 mm; 85%). The average pain score (VAS) on the left (4.85 ± 0.81) was significantly higher than that on the right (3.95 ± 1.00).This study demonstrated that a 10-mm-diameter therapeutic beam can safely improve rosacea symptoms. The 10-mm light spot was less painful than the 7-mm light spot and had the same therapeutic efficacy; therefore, it is the optimal choice for rosacea.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pentoxifylline on efficacy, safety, tolerability, and treatment satisfaction of fractional carbon dioxide laser in patients with burn scars: a pilot blinded randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Sara Dilmaghani, Elham Behrangi, Pardis Hejazi, Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan, Masoumeh Roohaninasab, Arash Pour Mohammad, Alireza Jafarzadeh, Farnoosh Seirafianpour, Azadeh Goodarzi","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04328-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04328-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burn scars are significant consequence of thermal burn injuries, causing cosmetic concerns and potentially leading to symptomatic discomfort or functional limitations; therefore, continuous adoption of novel methods is warranted to improve outcomes. This study aims to assess and compare the effectiveness, safety, and satisfaction of fractional CO2 laser treatment alone versus its combination with oral pentoxifylline at a dosage of 400 mg twice daily for four months in patients with hypertrophic/keloid burn scars. In a assessor and analyst blinded randomized controlled trial, patients with hypertrophic/keloidal thermal burn scars were allocated into two intervention groups. Both groups underwent treatment with a fractional CO2 laser, while one group additionally received oral pentoxifylline at a dosage of 400 mg twice daily for four months. The assessment of scar improvement was performed using the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS) at baseline and during subsequent follow-up sessions. Significant improvements were noted within both groups, with mVSS scores decreasing from 7.73 to 4.73 in the CO2 laser group and from 7.36 to 3.91 in the combination therapy group (p < 0.001 for both). However, the between-group difference in mVSS score reduction was not statistically significant (p = 0.39). Confidence intervals for the mean change in mVSS scores from baseline to endpoint were [2.45, 3.10] for the CO2 laser group and [3.15, 3.85] for the combination therapy group. The combination therapy group also showed a more pronounced improvement in pigmentation subscore of mVSS and higher patient satisfaction rates. No adverse effects were reported in either group. Fractional CO2 laser with or without Pentoxifylline appears to be an effective and safe option for the improvement of hypertrophic/keloidal burn scars. Patient satisfaction seems to increase when the laser is combined with oral Pentoxifylline. Nevertheless, further studies involving larger patient cohorts are warranted to draw more robust conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis - microfocused ultrasound treatment for sagging skin.","authors":"Débora Aparecida Oliveira Modena, Ana Paula Ferro, Flávia Belavenuto Rangon, Elaine Caldeira Oliveira Guirro","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04424-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04424-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-Intensity Microfocused Ultrasound (HIFU) applies the high energy of focused ultrasound (US) to penetrate deeply into skin tissue. Despite significant investments in this technology and positive reports from clinical practitioners, scientific discussions reveal substantial controversy regarding its effects. This study aimed to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the evidence on HIFU's effectiveness in improving skin sagging across short, medium, and long-term outcomes, along with its potential adverse effects. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Library. Out of One hundred and eighteen articles identified after duplicate removal, 99 studies underwent eligibility evaluation, resulting in the selection of 12 articles, including three randomized and nine non-randomized studies. Two randomized studies qualified for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The review indicates that high-intensity microfocused ultrasound shows promising results in improving skin sagging, with a total of 475 participants evaluated (333 women and 142 men). The meta-analysis of two studies on neck skin sagging improvement showed no significant difference between HIFU and RF groups across short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes (CI: 0.19 [-0.84, 0.45]; -0.5 [-0.65, 0.55]; -0.45 [-0.99, 0.09]). Although HIFU therapy appears beneficial for skin sagging, further high-quality, standardized studies are required to confirm these findings and reduce methodological biases.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of photobiomodulation application frequency in facial rejuvenation: randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial.","authors":"Erick Frank Bragato, Adriana Fernandes Paisano, Christiane Pavani, Lara Jansiski Motta, Maria Lucia Zarvos Varellis, Marcela Chiedde, Gabriel Arruda da Silva, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04383-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04383-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated the effects of different photobiomodulation application frequencies on facial rejuvenation. Ninety-five women 45 to 60 years of age participated in the study. A red LED mask (660 ± 10 nm, 6.4 mW/cm², 8.05 J/cm², 5.02 mW, 21 min) was used, with the analysis of two different time intervals between applications. Group 1 received three weekly applications and Group 2 received two weekly applications for four weeks (total: 12 and eight sessions, respectively). The control group received sham photobiomodulation twice per week for four weeks. The participants were unaware of the allocation to the different groups. Three standardized photographs were taken before and after treatments for assessment using the Wrinkle Assessment Scale (WAS) by three specialists blinded to the allocation and period of the photograph. The Image J software was used by a researcher blinded to allocation and period of the photograph to measure wrinkles in the forehead, glabellar as well as right and left periorbital regions. Patient satisfaction was determined using the FACE-Q questionnaire. The data were analyzed statistically with the significance level set at 5% (p < 0.05). No significant differences among the groups were found with regards to the WAS. In the ImageJ assessment, significant reductions were found in the length of the glabellar and right periorbital wrinkles in the groups treated with photobiomodulation compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Participant satisfaction rates using FACE-Q were 79.6% and 73.4% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, with significant differences in comparison to the control group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.034, respectively). The quantity of PBM sessions did not significantly alter the positive results achieved in terms of the satisfaction of the participants with their facial esthetics or the photographic assessments performed 30 days after treatment. Thus, two weekly sessions seem to be sufficient for improving patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of vascular lasers for the treatment of inflammatory active acne vulgaris.","authors":"Alireza Jafarzadeh, Sama Heidari, Reza Omid, Azadeh Goodarzi","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04429-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04429-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin disorder with significant emotional and psychological impacts. Conventional treatments often have limitations, prompting exploration into alternative therapies like vascular lasers and light treatments. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of vascular lasers (IPL, PDL, Nd:YAG) on inflammatory acne lesions associated with acne vulgaris. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Studies from 2010 to 2024 were searched in databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase) using preset terms. Inclusion criteria encompassed English language studies on vascular lasers for inflammatory acne lesions in comparative and randomized controlled trials. Data extraction included study characteristics, patient data, laser parameters, and treatment outcomes. Quality assessment utilized the Cochrane ROB 2 tool. Out of 904 initially retrieved studies, 32 studies involving 1,520 patients met the inclusion criteria. The studies focused on 18 Intense Pulsed Light (IPL), 9 Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL), and 10 Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers, with 5 studies comparing two modalities. IPL demonstrated acne vulgaris lesion reduction rates ranging from 42.40% to 61.56%, while PDL achieved reductions of up to 82.5%. Combined therapies, such as PDL/Nd:YAG, resulted in reductions as high as 83.5%. Fractional CO₂ lasers showed acne vulgaris lesion improvement rates of 87.94% ± 14.31, with sustained results at follow-up. Red light-PDT achieved an 85.50% ± 5.39 reduction, outperforming IPL-PDT (75.55% ± 8.09). In comparative studies, Nd:YAG lasers demonstrated slightly superior outcomes over IPL. Adverse effects, including erythema and pain, were generally mild, with severe side effects being rare. Vascular lasers, including IPL, PDL, and Nd:YAG, demonstrate significant efficacy and safety in treating inflammatory active acne vulgaris, with combination therapies often showing superior outcomes. Fractional CO₂ lasers and red light-PDT further expand treatment options. Adverse effects, such as erythema and pain, are generally mild and transient. However, variability in study protocols highlights the need for standardized treatment guidelines and further well-designed trials to optimize protocols and ensure consistent, long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of updating background information in pilonidal sinus disease research: commentary on Darnis et al.","authors":"Dietrich Doll, Ida Kaad Faurschou, Christina Oetzmann von Sochaczewski","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04428-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04428-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From simulation to reality: unraveling temperature dynamics during endourological laser activation.","authors":"Ioannis Kartalas Goumas, Olivier Traxer, Eugenio Ventimiglia","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04422-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04422-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of low-level diode laser therapy with different wavelengths in burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, single-blind trial.","authors":"Xiao-Li Ge, Chen Sun, Ran Zhao, Hai-Yan Wang, Wei-Wen Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04403-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04403-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic condition with no effective treatment currently available. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) shows promise for neuropathic pain management, but evidence comparing its efficacy across different wavelengths in BMS patients remains limited. This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of LLLT with three distinct wavelengths in BMS patients, and to determine the optimal therapeutic wavelength. This study was a single-blind randomized controlled trial, with blinding applied only to the participants. 201 participants were scheduled for enrollment, divided into three groups with 67 individuals each. Finally, 63 participants with BMS were enrolled from April 2019 to December 2022, with 53 completing the study. Randomization was performed using SPSS software to generate random numbers. Participants were sequentially assigned based on their enrollment order to the 660 nm group (n = 10, 50 mW, 1.5 J/cm², 30 s/point), 810 nm group (n = 26, 500 mW, 3 J/cm², 6 s/point), or 975 nm group (n = 17, 30 mW, 10 J/cm², 33 s/point). Each participant underwent LLLT once a week for 4 sessions. Outcomes, including pain intensity, numbness, and altered taste, were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Efficacy was assessed by comparing VAS scores at baseline and after the last treatment, using the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparisons among the three groups and the Mann-Whitney U-test for pairwise analysis. Effect sizes were reported using Cohen's d. Statistically significant pain relief was observed in all groups (median reduction of 40%). The improvement of numbness in the 810 nm and 975 nm groups (median reduction of 40%) was also significant (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in efficacy were noted among the three groups (p > 0.05). These results suggested that LLLT with three different wavelengths effectively reduced pain and that the 810 nm and 975 nm wavelengths also significantly alleviated numbness in BMS patients. However, further investigation is warranted to elucidate any potential differences in efficacy among the three groups. Clinical trial registration: ChiCTR1900021674 (March 5, 2019).</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of low-level laser irradiation on osteoclastogenesis in prostaglandin E₂-stimulated macrophages.","authors":"Kotoe Mayahara, Risako Okuma, Tsuyoshi Sasagawa, Mitsuru Motoyoshi, Noriyoshi Shimizu","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04423-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04423-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-level laser accelerates bone healing by regulating inflammation. In periodontal tissues, excessive mechanical stress induces alveolar bone resorption by producing excessive prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), which is an inflammatory agent that induces osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a low-energy Ga-Al-As diode laser (LLL) on PGE₂-induced osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 (RAW) cells. RAW cells were stimulated with 10^- 6 M PGE₂ and irradiated with 810 nm LLL at 3.0 mW/cm² for 10 min. After LLL stimulation, the cells were cultured for five days and subjected to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Expression levels of the osteoclastogenesis-inducing factors, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), were examined 24 and 48 h after PGE₂ stimulation and LLL irradiation. Extracellular ATP concentration was determined 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 min after PGE₂ stimulation and LLL irradiation. Additionally, intracellular calcium concentration was measured as the fluorescence intensity of the cultured cells over time (20 s/scan) after 10 min of LLL irradiation. To investigate the nuclear translocation of NFATc1, the cells were fixed after 1 h of PGE₂ stimulation and LLL irradiation and subjected to immunofluorescence analysis. The same experiments were performed using the P2 × 4 receptor (ATP-gated channel) antagonist, 5-BDBD. Small osteoclasts were observed in the LLL irradiation group. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and NFATc1 mRNA levels were not significantly different between the LLL-irradiated and non-irradiated groups. Extracellular ATP release and intracellular Ca²⁺ levels were increased by PGE₂ stimulation but decreased by LLL irradiation and 5-BDBD treatment. Nuclear NFATc1 levels were also increased by PGE₂ stimulation, but this effect was reversed by LLL irradiation and 5-BDBD treatment. Overall, our results suggest that LLL irradiation inhibits PGE₂-induced osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting Ca²⁺-NFATc1 signaling via extracellular ATP release.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}