Lasers in Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"Raman spectroscopy in the detection and diagnosis of lung cancer: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Nikita Sharma, Sowndarya Rao, Hemanth Noothalapati, Nirmal Mazumder, Bobby Paul","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04421-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04421-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer is the world's biggest cause of death related to cancer, and its dismal prognosis has been greatly exacerbated by late-stage diagnosis. Even with improvements in treatment strategies, current diagnostic techniques are frequently imprecise, especially when it comes to early-stage detection. A prospective substitute is Raman spectroscopy, which provides a non-invasive, real-time, and extremely sensitive study of biological samples. The objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic efficacy of Raman spectroscopy in the identification and diagnosis of lung cancer across a range of sample types. Nine studies that focused on Raman spectroscopy as a stand-alone diagnostic tool and met strict inclusion criteria were found through a systematic review of the literature published between 2014 and 2024. Statistical methods were used to extract, pool, and show diagnostic measures. The remarkable diagnostic accuracy of Raman spectroscopy was highlighted by its pooled sensitivity and specificity which were 98.68% and 91.81%, respectively. Serum-based research showed the strongest findings, with multivariate models such as PCA-LDA supporting specificity and sensitivity values that, in several cases, reached 100%. Diagnostic accuracy was greatly improved by models such as SVM and CNN, particularly when it came to detecting minute spectral alterations associated with cancer. Raman spectroscopy shows great promise as a lung cancer diagnostic method. However, issues including spectral data standardization, sample preparation heterogeneity and the requirement for bigger, multicentre research needs to be addressed. These results will open the door for the incorporation of Raman spectroscopy into standard clinical procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long term efficacy of Nd: Yag laser treatment for onychomycosis : A debridement option for dermatophytoma.","authors":"Maria Claudia Carvas Passarelli Tirico, Luis Antonio Ribeiro Torezan","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04406-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04406-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Onychomycosis is a highly prevalent disease that causes great morbidity. Topical and oral treatment are not always effective and can be associated with side effects. Energy-based devices have been studied as a safe therapeutic tool. 36 cases received 4 to 8 laser treatments with 1 or 2-week-interval. Patients were reevaluated after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months and the Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI) was calculated each visite. 69,4% showed an improvement in the OSI, with 12 (33.3%) progressing to cure and 13 (36,1%) showing a decrease in the global score. There was a statistically significant reduction in the median OSI over time, especially at 6-month and 12-month assessments (p = 0.022 and p < 0.001, respectively). Five or more treatments were associated to a better outcome (p = 0.001). On the other hand, there was no interference regarding gender, age, presence of more than 1 affected nail or pathogen isolated in culture. A positive outcome was statistically more relevant in patients who were classified as severe before treatment (p = 0.015). Furthermore, cases that presented dermatophytoma had a more favorable outcome, with 78.5% improvement after 12-months follow-up (p = 0.040). All patients tolerated well the sessions even if pain was present and they were all satisfied with their results. No adverse events were detected. Nd: YAG laser can effectively treat onychomycosis and the outcome is even better in cases that present with dermatophytoma, suggesting that this laser could be used as a form of debridement, increasing cure rates, especially when associated with systemic medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of aPDT with natural and chemical photosensitizers on reduction of bacteria around orthodontic brackets.","authors":"Elaheh Kamali, Atefe Saffar Shahroudi, Nasim Chiniforush, Hannaneh Ghadirian","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04411-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04411-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>One of the methods to reduce microbial plaque is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). The present study evaluated the different output power of diode laser(DL) and two photosensitizers in aPDT against microbial plaque around orthodontic brackets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experimental laboratory research, the buccal surface of fifty-four human premolar teeth was prepared for metal bracket bond. The samples were contaminated with Streptococcus mutans suspension to form a bacterial biofilm. After ensuring the presence of bacteria in the samples taken out from the incubator (37 °C for 72 h), they were randomly divided into following groups: 100 µg/mL toluidine blue (TBO) with DL radiation at 200, 300, 400, and 500 mW, 1000 µg/mL phycocyanin (PC) with DL at aforementioned output powers, TBO and PC without light activation, negative control and chlorhexidine After treatment, the colonies were counted using the Miles and Misra method. One-way ANOVA, Tamhane, and Two-way ANOVA were implemented for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bacterial colonies when using TBO were significantly lower than PC at all laser powers (p < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons of different output powers in each photosensitizer, showed that as the output power was increased, the more bacteria were eliminated. A comparison of studied groups with chlorhexidine showed a significant difference in favor of chlorhexidine (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both photosensitizers activated by each of the powers resulted in significant S.mutans colonies reduction compared to the negative control. However, a greater reduction was observed with 500mW output power. TBO was more effective than the PC.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of the laser linear thermal effects on the anterior and posterior layers of the human eye with and without thermoregulation.","authors":"Sahar Rahbar, Ibrahim Abdelhalim, Mehrdad Shokooh-Saremi","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04415-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04415-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a numerical model investigating the thermal effects of laser exposure on the cornea and retina of the human eye, with a focus on the role of blood flow in thermoregulation. Both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye are analysed to provide guidance on whether to account for blood flow in simulations of laser-based eye surgeries. Argon Fluoride (ArF), Holmium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Ho:YAG), Neodymium-Doped:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Nd:YAG), and Ruby lasers are applied to a three-dimensional eye model. The Pennes' bio-heat transfer equation is solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to assess temperature distributions and penetration depths, ensuring that target tissues remain within safe temperature limits. The simulation results show maximum temperatures of 259°C, 89.2°C, 136°C, and 67.4°C for ArF, Ho:YAG, Nd:YAG, and Ruby lasers, respectively. Additionally, the explicit method is employed to model the pupil axis and further investigate blood flow's impact on thermoregulation. The inclusion of blood flow results in lower temperatures across all laser conditions, demonstrating its crucial role in regulating excess heat, particularly in the retina, which has a denser blood vessel network compared to the avascular cornea. These findings emphasise the importance of incorporating blood flow in thermal simulations to improve the accuracy of predictions and ensure safer outcomes in laser-based eye surgeries. This study employs a comprehensive approach combining precise modelling, simulations, and numerical analysis to investigate the effects of lasers on both the cornea and retina. This offers a wide understanding of laser-tissue interactions and helps in optimizing treatment parameters for both types of ocular tissues. Finally, a comparison table is presented alongside existing studies to highlight the achieved temperatures and penetration depths in laser-tissue interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on the molecular mechanisms of low-level laser therapy: gene expression and signaling pathways.","authors":"Reyhaneh Tamimi, Soheila Zamanlui Benisi, Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni, Mohammad Javad Torkamani","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04393-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04393-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to influence cellular and molecular processes in irradiated tissues and cells. By altering gene expression and activating specific laser-induced signaling pathways, LLLT can impact key cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and metabolism. This review focuses on exploring the molecular-level effects of LLLT, examining how different wavelengths interact with various cell lines, including stem cells, to induce these changes in gene expression and signaling pathways. A comprehensive review was performed by analyzing relevant literature published between 2003 and 2024. The search utilized databases such as PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Selection criteria were based on the presence of keywords including \"gene expression,\" \"signaling pathways,\" \"molecular mechanisms,\" \"photobiomodulation,\" and \"LLLT.\" Among the 150 recent studies on low-level laser therapy and its molecular and cellular effects on irradiated cells, articles related to changes in gene expression and laser-induced signaling pathways were reviewed. Low-level laser therapy exhibits varying effects based on the parameters and wavelengths used. Red and infrared lasers are particularly effective for promoting cell proliferation, differentiation, reducing inflammation, and enhancing wound healing. Blue lasers tend to inhibit cell proliferation, while green lasers are effective in reducing inflammation and aiding in conditions such as intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. These effects are linked to changes in gene expression and laser-induced signaling pathways, highlighting the importance of selecting the appropriate laser type for specific therapeutic goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of low-level laser therapy in Alzheimer's disease: a review of the potential benefits of vitamin D enhancement.","authors":"Amin Firoozi, Mehri Shadi, Amir Rezagholizadeh","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04407-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04407-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the global population ages, neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), have become a major public health concern. AD is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, accounting for 60-80% of cases, and is characterized by progressive cognitive and memory decline due to neuronal loss. Current pharmacological treatments primarily offer symptomatic relief rather than a cure. Recent research has highlighted the role of vitamin D in neuroprotection, owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, as well as its ability to maintain blood-brain barrier integrity and regulate amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance. Another emerging noninvasive therapeutic approach is Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), a form of photobiomodulation (PBM) that has been shown to enhance neuronal function, reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and Aβ deposition, and potentially increase vitamin D levels. This review examines the interplay between LLLT, vitamin D, and oxidative stress in AD pathophysiology. Findings suggest that LLLT can stimulate mitochondrial function, enhance synaptic plasticity, and improve cognitive performance in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, LLLT has been reported to modulate immune responses, promote neurogenesis, and facilitate vitamin D synthesis by activating cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), which plays a crucial role in mitochondrial energy production. However, while promising, further in vivo and clinical trials are required to optimize treatment protocols and establish standardized guidelines for LLLT application, particularly in enhancing vitamin D levels, in AD patients. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating CO2 laser and micro-needling therapies for striae distensae: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review.","authors":"Amun Mustafa, Rimsha Zahid, Saniah Khan, Manal Faisal, M Ahmad Hassan Farooq, Junaid Imran, Waqar Malik, Arwa Khan, Basit Azeem, Areeba Maryam, Satesh Kumar, Mahima Khatri","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04420-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04420-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Striae distensae (SD), commonly known as stretch marks, are a prevalent cosmetic concern, particularly among women, with potential psychological impact. This meta-analysis aims to compare the effectiveness, safety, and patient satisfaction of two common SD treatments: Fractional CO2 10,064 nm (Fr CO2) laser and micro-needling. The primary focus is on clinical improvement, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) incidence, and morphological changes, specifically the cross-sectional area of the largest striae. Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including 166 patients were analyzed. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. Systematic statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 to gauge the comparative effectiveness and safety of Fr CO2 laser and micro-needling. Meticulous Cochrane risk-of-bias assessments were conducted to ascertain the quality of included RCTs. Both Fr CO2 laser and micro-needling treatments demonstrated significant clinical improvements in SD appearance, benefiting over 70% of patients. However, no significant difference in clinical improvements (Relative Risk (RR) = 0.97 [0.74, 1.28], p = 0.85, I2 = 17%) and patient satisfaction scores (RR = 0.91 [0.52, 1.58], p = 0.10, I2 = 39%). A comparison of the cross-sectional area of the largest striae between the groups revealed no significant disparity (Mean Difference = 0.22 [-0.15, 0.58], p = 0.24, I2 = 0%). However, the CO2 group experienced significantly higher post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (RR = 8.37 [1.42, 49.44], p = 0.02, I2 = 68%). Both treatments are effective for SD, with similar clinical improvements and patient satisfaction. Micro-needling emerges as the safer option due to its lower risk of PIH. Treatment choice should be tailored to individual patient needs and preferences. Future research should focus on long-term outcomes and patient-reported measures in aesthetic dermatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed cavitation ultrasound assisted delivery of cardamom, pistacia and laurel encapsulated micelles nanoparticles for sono-photodynamic lymphoma in vitro and in vivo treatment.","authors":"Samir Ali Abd El-Kaream, Safia Ali Hussein Hamoda, Sohier Mahmoud El Kholey, Awatef Mohamed El-Sharkawy","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04387-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04387-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) has attracted a lot of interest as a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy in the field of cancer treatment. The essential part of SPDT is the sensitizer, which under laser photon and pulsed cavitation ultrasound sono-irradiation may transform sono and photo- energy into cytotoxic molecules. Photon absorption, targeting, penetration, and oxygen dependence remain challenges in sono- -photosensitizer (SPs) design. Rapid advancements in material science have prompted the creation of several SPs that create cytotoxic species with great selectivity, safety, and noninvasiveness for the treatment of tumors. The current study aims to provide an advanced method of activated cancer treatment by using pulsed cavitation to assist the delivery of cardamom, pistacia and laurel conjugated micelles nanoparticles (CPL-Micelle NP) for the sono-photodynamic lymphoma in vivo and in vitro treatment. Human lymphoma cells (U-937) were used in the in vitro study, and the in vivo application groups of the study protocol were Swiss albino mice treated with 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-Benzanthracene (DMBA) only; they were not given any treatment to induce lymphoma. The study treatment protocol started only after lymphoma induction, and involved daily administration of CPL-Micelle NP as SPDT sensitizer whether or not to be exposed to photo- (IRL) or sono- (US) or a combination of them for three minutes for a period of two weeks. Indicated that Micelle NP is a useful CPL delivery mechanism that targets lymphoma cells directly. Furthermore, CPL-Micelle NP is a promising SPS that, when used in conjunction with SPDT, can be very effective in in vitro treating lymphoma-U-937 (in a dose-dependent manner cell viability declined, an increase in the cells population during the S and G2/M phases indicates that the cell cycle was arrested, and an increase in cell population in the Pre-G, autophagic cell death, as well as necrosis and early and late apoptosis, indicate that cell death was induced) and DMBA-Lymphoma-induced mice in vivo (induced antiproliferative genes, repressed antiangiogenic and antiapoptotic genes), successfully slowing the growth of tumors and even killing cancer cells, as well as lowering oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA), improving the functions of the kidneys, liver, and enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants. SPDT, the photo- or sono- chemical CPL activation mechanism, and the antioxidant capacity of non-activated CPL can all be linked to this process. On the bases of the findings, CPL-Micelle NP shows a great promise as a novel, efficient selective delivery system for localized SPDT-activated lymphoma treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific evidence on the impact of endolaser in aesthetics: scoping review.","authors":"Giovanna Pontes Vidal, Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto, Fábio Dos Santos Borges, Livia de Assis, Carla Roberta Tim, Ana Laura Martins de Andrade","doi":"10.1007/s10103-024-04248-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-024-04248-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to comprehensively analyze the literature related to the use of endolaser in aesthetic procedures, with the aim of mapping and synthesizing the available evidence. We used the JBI methodology for scoping reviews, conducting direct searches in the PUBMED, Scielo, and Cochrane databases. Due to the limited number of publications in this area, studies with various designs were included, with no restrictions on database, year, or language of publication. The search strategy incorporated the use of Boolean operators to refine the results, employing \"AND,\" \"OR,\" and \"NOT\" with descriptors such as \"endolaser,\" \"endolift,\" \"esthetics,\" and \"treatment.\" The search was conducted between November 2023 and April 2024. Study selection followed an initial screening with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data synthesis provided a comprehensive overview of current trends and gaps identified in the literature. Two independent reviewers analyzed the included studies, totaling 26 publications categorized as follows: randomized controlled trial (1), case series (23), case study (1), and pilot study (1). The results highlighted considerable variability in treatment protocols. Positive effects observed included localized fat reduction, skin rejuvenation, and reduction in the appearance of acne scars, keloids, and progressive lipodystrophy. The findings underscore the need for additional research to establish standardized protocols, better understand the underlying mechanisms, and evaluate the long-term sustainability of results. This gap in the literature presents an opportunity for further in-depth investigations in the field of endolaser aesthetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The research progress of label-free optical imaging technology in intraoperative real-time navigation of parathyroid glands.","authors":"Chang Cai, Xiao Xiao, Qiye Wen, Zifeng Luo, Song Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04418-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04418-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intraoperative misidentification or vascular injury to the parathyroid glands can lead to hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia, resulting in serious postoperative complications. Therefore, functional localization of the parathyroid glands during thyroid (parathyroid) surgery is a key focus and challenge in thyroid surgery. The current clinical prospects of various optical imaging technologies for intraoperative localization, identification, and protection of parathyroid glands varies. However, \"Label-free optical imaging technology\" is increasingly favored by surgeons due to its simplicity, efficiency, safety, real-time capability, and non-invasiveness. This manuscript focuses on the relatively well-researched near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) and NIRAF-combined studies including those integrating laser speckle imaging, artificial intelligence(AI) optimization, hardware integration, and optical path improvements. It also briefly introduces promising technologies, including Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF), Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIm), Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Dynamic Optical Contrast Imaging (DOCI). While these technologies are still in early stages with limited clinical application and standardization, current research highlights their potential for improving intraoperative parathyroid identification. Future studies should focus on refining these methods for broader clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}