Lasers in Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning in the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer.","authors":"Sowndarya Rao, Nikita Sharma, Vyasraj G Bhat, Vibha Kamath, Mehak Thakur, Sindhoora Kaniyala Melanthota, Subir Das, Budheswar Dehury, Nirmal Mazumder","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04597-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04597-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, breast cancer, greatly benefits from early identification for better prognoses. But traditional diagnostic techniques, like biopsies and mammograms, can require invasive procedures and lack accuracy. The non-invasive, quick, and accurate nature of machine learning (ML) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) in breast cancer diagnoses are examined in this review. Combining machine learning's capacity to analyse intricate spectrum datasets with Raman spectroscopy's ability to produce molecular fingerprints of biochemical alterations linked to cancer improves diagnostic precision. Using the PRISMA methodology, studies published from 2017 to 2024 were examined, with an emphasis on those that reported sensitivity and specificity values greater than 80%. With sensitivity and specificity frequently over 90%, the nine included studies show that Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning methods such as support vector machines, convolutional neural networks, and linear discriminant analysis yields good diagnostic metrics. The investigation highlights Raman spectroscopy's adaptability in analysing biological material, such as tissues and serum, with prospective uses extending to intraoperative, real-time evaluations. Although encouraging, there are still issues that need to be resolved, like the requirement for common frameworks, multi-centre validation, and affordable technology. A thorough assessment of RS-ML applications is given by this study, which also offers insights into its therapeutic potential and directs future studies in breast cancer detection. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of a safe protocol for using laser ablation with indocyanine green dye in endodontic treatment. In vitro, in vivo and human study.","authors":"Renato de Toledo Leonardo, Mirtha Perdomo, Marcelo Costa Perdomo, María Betania Acevedo Giménez, Celso Kenji Nishiyama, Fernando Accorsi Orosco, Arturo Javier Aranda Garcia, Carolina Sayuri Wajima, Cristiane Cantiga-Silva, Ana Maria Veiga Vasques, Flávio Duarte Faria, Eloi Dezan Júnior, Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04589-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04589-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine a safe protocol for using Laser Ablation therapy (LA) with Indocyanine Green (ICG) to treat infected root canals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vitro study - The root canal of an extracted human lower incisor was prepared to #35/.06 and was filled with 0.05% ICG dye. The λ 810 nm infrared diode laser was activated during the movement of introducing a #20 fiber into the root canals. The maximum temperature reached in the three root thirds was considered for protocols, modifying the power, pulse interval, and pulse duration. In vivo study - Extracted human lower incisor, lower premolar, and upper molar were selected. Their canals were prepared to #35/0.04, and the teeth were inserted into the subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats. LA with ICG protocol selected in the in vitro study was performed on each root. The root surface temperature was measured in the three thirds. Then, the subcutaneous tissue adjacent to the roots was removed immediately or after 7 days and subjected to histological analysis in H&E stain. Human study - Thirteen lower incisors indicated for extraction from eleven patients were included. The canals of all teeth were prepared and received LA treatment with ICG in a similar way to the in vivo study. After tooth extraction, the apical thirds of the roots were processed for histopathological analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The in vitro study revealed that the increase in power and pulse duration, or the reduction in pulse interval, determined the temperature rise. The protocol with the highest power that showed a temperature increase below 40 °C was the 2.5 W (power), 300 ms (interval), and 100 ms (duration). The in vivo study revealed that the greatest temperature variation was observed in the lower incisor; for this reason, it was selected for the human study. In the human study, a structure of the periodontal ligament with histological and morphological characteristics comparable to those of healthy tissues and similar to the roots of control teeth was observed in the treated teeth (p < 0.05). No harmful effects were observed on the cementum structure, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone in any teeth evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was concluded that the LA protocol used is safe and can be performed during the treatment of infected root canals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation vs. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after diode laser excision of lower lip lesions: a case series.","authors":"Diego Filipe Bezerra Silva, Jefferson Lucas Mendes, Pedro José Targino Ribeiro, Luzia Lara Coura Carvalho Leite, Jozinete Vieira Pereira, Daniela Pita de Melo, Daliana Queiroga Castro de Gomes","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04590-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04590-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to compare photobiomodulation (PBMT) and the use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), after surgical removal of lower lip lesions with a high-power diode laser. This was a series of 13 cases, in which all subjects were treated with high-power diode laser (808 nm) in continuous mode, with a power between 2.0 and 2.5 W. In the experimental group (G1) (n = 7), the subjects underwent PBMT using a low-power laser (LPL) (660 nm, 1 J, 40 mW, spot area of ​​0.04 cm², punctual), on the first, third and seventh post-surgery day. In the control group (G2) (n = 6), a NSAID (nimesulide 100 mg, every 12 h, for five days) was prescribed, and the LPL device was positioned, without being activated, to mimic the PBMT. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was applied to assess postoperative pain. The size of the surgical wound was measured immediately after surgery, as well as after two, seven, 15 and 30 days. For statistical analysis, the significance level was set at p < 0.05. Most subjects were male (53.8%) with a mean age of 44.7 years. Subjects in G1 reported less pain during follow-ups than those in G2, but with no significant differences between groups in all experimental times (p > 0.05). In the analysis, after seven days, the G1 presented a smaller surgical wound (p = 0.017). PBMT can be an alternative in relation to the use of nimesulide, allowing for less painful symptoms and optimization of the healing process.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Label-free diagnostic procedure for hirschsprung's disease to detect intestinal mucosal characteristics of aganglionosis by Raman spectroscopy with optimized decision algorithms.","authors":"Yusuke Oshima, Yuki Matsumoto, Katsuhiro Ogawa, Kai Tamura, Rena Yagi, Noritaka Fujisawa, Takashi Katagiri, Shun Onishi, Hidefumi Shiroshita, Tsuyoshi Etho, Tsutomu Daa, Satoshi Ieiri, Masafumi Inomata","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04579-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04579-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is an intestinal disorder characterized by the absence of nerve cells in parts of the intestinal tract. The definitive diagnosis is confirmed by a full-thickness rectal biopsy to verify the absence of ganglion cells. However, incomplete removal often causes post-operative complications. To establish an optical biopsy technique for targeting mucosa with aganglionosis of HSCR and to confirm its capability by another optical imaging modality and histopathology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Raman spectroscopy (RS) is an emerging technique in tissue diagnosis without staining that makes it possible to support conventional diagnostics and therapeutics for achieving more precise outcomes in HSCR. We demonstrate the proof-of-concept for label-free detection of the aganglionic segment in HSCR based on an RS technique in combination with fine-tuned machine learning algorithms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RS distinguished the characteristics of aganglionic segments in the mucosal surface of the lesion. The altered morphology was confirmed by multiphoton microscopy. In addition, discrimination models were built and evaluated by convolutional neural networks and the decision tree combined with gradient boosting framework.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed method and model show a high accuracy above 90% and a pseudo-blind examination involving three HSCR patients implies the feasibility for clinical application. (195 words).</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12396979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrophic acne scar: a novel 4-step treatment approach using the ultra-pulse fractional CO₂ laser.","authors":"Wenyan Jin, Qingmei Jin, Meilan Nan, Zhouna Li, Jian Liu, Zhehu Jin, Chenglong Jin","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04603-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04603-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultra-pulse fractional CO₂ laser is regarded as an effective modality for treating atrophic acne scar. In this study, we described a novel 4-step treatment approach, which combined a manual fractional thermal contraction technology (MFTCT) and ablation mode of conventional CO₂ laser, with deep and superficial mode of fractional laser for treating atrophic acne scars. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the novel 4-step treatment using the ultra-pulse fractional CO₂ laser in patients with atrophic acne scars. 20 patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III-IV and facial acne scars were treated with 4-step treatment approach. All patients completed 6 treatment sessions at 8-week intervals. Two blinded dermatologists evaluated the pre- and post-treatment photographs with a 4-point global assessment scale and ECCA grading scale (échelle d'évaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acné). Patients also provided self-assessment of satisfaction and adverse effects. Three of 20 patients showed more than 75% improvement, 14 patients showed 51%-75% improvement, and 3 patients showed 25%-50%. The mean ECCA scores decreased from 109.75 ± 15.26 to 58.75 ± 17.08, with an improvement rate of 46%, and the change was significant (P < 0.01). All patients were either \"very satisfied\" or \"satisfied\" with the outcome of the treatments. There were no obvious adverse events after treatments. Only one developed post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) for 3 months after the last treatment. This 4-step treatment is an effective and safe treatment modality for atrophic acne scars with an excellent cosmetic outcome and low complication rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5-ALA mediated PDT induces pyroptosis in colorectal cancer cells by targeting the caspase-1/GSDMD pathway.","authors":"Ding-Yuan Zhang, Zeqing Gu, Luyao Shi, Zhongshi Li, Xiaoxue Du, Yanjing Li","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04595-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04595-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment modality based on photochemical reactions that damage specific tumour tissues. Pyroptosis is a type of programmed death that relies on the activation of cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzymes (caspases) and cleavage of the gasdermin protein family members. However, the mechanism of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated PDT-induced pyroptosis in colorectal cancer is not well understood. Here, we found that 5-ALA-mediated PDT can induce pyroptosis in colorectal cancer cells, characterized by the appearance of pyroptotic bubbles and the detection of the release of cellular contents and inflammatory factors. Mechanistically, PDT activates caspase-1 and cleaves gasdermin D (GSDMD), and the release of N-GSDMD triggers pyroptosis in colorectal cancer cells. In addition, inhibition of this pathway in vivo can attenuate the therapeutic effect of PDT. In summary, we investigated the role of GSDMD in PDT-mediated pyroptosis in CRC cells, and the results showed that 5-ALA-mediated PDT induces pyroptosis in colorectal cancer cells by targeting the caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. This study may provide a reference for the clinical application of PDT in CRC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical efficacy of 308 nm excimer laser irradiation combined with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of plaque-type psoriasis.","authors":"Xiaobin Gao, Shuhua Du, Jun Zeng, Yan Li, Dan Shen","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04599-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04599-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plaque psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic recurrent skin disease. In recent years, 308 nm excimer laser (308 nm EL) and topical tacrolimus have been widely used to treat psoriasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 308 nm EL irradiation combined with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. This study was a retrospective observational study involving 100 patients with plaque psoriasis, divided into two groups: the control group (50 cases) was treated with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment; the observation group (50 cases) was treated with 308 nm EL and 0.1% tacrolimus ointment. After eight weeks of treatment, the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) of the two groups were compared, and the occurrence of adverse reactions during treatment was recorded. Before treatment, there was no significant difference in PASI scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, the PASI scores of the two groups were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment, and the PASI scores of the observation group after treatment were lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). No serious adverse reactions occurred in either group. 308 nm EL irradiation combined with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment could be considered a safe and effective method for the treatment of plaque psoriasis, which can significantly reduce the PASI score and is more effective than the use of 0.1% tacrolimus ointment alone, and it is expected to be popularized in the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of light-emitting diode photobiomodulation on rat liver metabolomics after streptozotocin-induced diabetes - an evidence from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.","authors":"Jose Carlos Tatmatsu-Rocha, Roberta Maria Manzano, Luiz Alberto Colnago, Luan Dos Santos Mendes Costa, Michael R Hamblin, Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04585-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04585-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the liver composition in diabetic-induced mice after photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to identify potential molecular alterations. Tissue biopsies were removed from the left lobes of rat livers. Each biopsy was frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C for NMR analysis. For this purpose, a spectrometer was used operating at 600 MHz, with a temperature of 295 K and a rotation rate of 5 kHz on 15 animals. Of these, 10 rats were induced with streptozotocin injection and the remaining 5 were injected with saline solution. Sixty days after diabetes induction, the animals were randomly divided into three groups: the Sham group (n = 5); group A (non-treated diabetic-induced rats, n = 5); and group B (diabetic-induced rats treated with LED at 850 nm, 48 mW, 22 s, 1.0 J, n = 5) in the liver region. The results showed that PBM modulated body weight and water intake in Group B. In diabetic liver samples, glucose and glycogen signals were more intense than in healthy livers, while lipid signals showed the opposite effect. Glucose and glycogen signals were less intense in the diabetic liver treated with PBM, while a strong acetate signal was intensified. In conclusion, glucose and glycogen signals were attenuated by PBM, and acetate signals were intensified in diabetic livers.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of transcranial photobiomodulation in cerebral circulation and brain neural oscillations: a systematic review.","authors":"Katayoon Montazeri, Samira Chaibakhsh, Reza Fekrazad","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04601-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04601-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) uses the light of lasers or light-emitting diodes to modulate and improve brain function. In this study, the use of tPBM for improving cerebral circulation and modulating brain neural oscillations has been systematically reviewed to determine the useful parameters of tPBM and the grade of its practical recommendation. The PROSPERO code \"CRD42023393544\". \"Google scholar\", \"Pub Med\", \"Scopus\" and \"science direct\" online databases were searched based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Search keywords were \"low level laser therapy AND cerebral circulation\" OR \"photobiomodulation therapy AND cerebral circulation\" OR \"low level laser therapy AND brain neural oscillation\" OR \"photobiomodulation therapy AND brain neural oscillations\". Reviews, preprints, non-transcranial PBM, patents, unpublished articles, non-English articles, case reports and non-related articles were excluded. Forty-five studies published from January 2009 to May 2024, including 18 animal studies and 27 human studies, were included. 808 (810) nanometer (nm) and 1064 nm wavelengths, power density of 250 mW/cm² and energy density in the range of 60-120 J/cm² were the most used tPBM parameters. The human studies included 19 randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB2) was used to assess quality of the RCTs to determine the level of evidence and grade of practical recommendations. According to the grade practice recommendations, tPBM is strongly recommended for modulating brain neural oscillations and improving cognitive processes. In addition, tPBM is recommended for increasing cerebral blood flow, metabolism and oxygenation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of therapeutic potential of simultaneous triple-wavelength laser technology for skin rejuvenation.","authors":"Jiho Lee, Hwarang Shin, Minh Duc Ta, Jongman Choi, Hyun Wook Kang","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04584-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04584-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin aging is characterized by the degradation of dermal collagen, leading to wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and structural deterioration. Non-ablative laser treatments have been widely used to stimulate collagen production by selectively inducing thermal effects in the dermis without causing damage to the epidermis. Various wavelengths have been employed to effectively target different depths of the dermal layer. The current research aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of a triple-wavelength laser system (755, 808, and 1064 nm) in enhancing collagen synthesis throughout the dermis for skin rejuvenation. Ex vivo porcine skin was used to evaluate the penetration depth and extent of thermal damage at each wavelength. In vivo tests were performed using guinea pigs to measure changes in epidermal thickness and collagen density. Histological analysis showed that the depth of thermal damage increased with longer wavelengths, and the triple-wavelength indicated a penetration depth comparable to that of the 1064 nm wavelength. Furthermore, the triple-wavelength resulted in a significant increase in epidermal thickness and collagen density in the dermal layer compared to the 1064 nm wavelength. The current study demonstrated the feasibility of the application of simultaneous triple-wavelength irradiation for skin rejuvenation. Further studies will be conducted to investigate the performance of the current findings in in vivo large animal models under various parameters, such as number of shots and treatments, treatment frequency, and various fluence levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}