Journal of thermal biology最新文献

{"title":"Role of metal oxide ferrites in the process of magnetic hyperthermia – A review","authors":"Santhiya R,&nbsp;A. Ruban Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive research has been conducted on the manufacturing of nano ferrites, and their use in magnetic hyperthermia therapy has shown promising results in cancer treatment. This study aims primarily to provide an overview of the latest developments in the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for the treatment of hyperthermia. Magnetic nanoparticles are biocompatible and have a stable magnetic state, nano ferrites have become recognized as apex thermoseeds in biomedical applications, specifically for the treatment of magnetic hyperthermia. Employing dopant materials, biocompatible overlay, and preparation techniques, one may study the effectiveness of nano ferrites. Furthermore, specific requirements need to be met for using nano ferrites in cancer treatments like magnetic hyperthermia. These include low toxicity, biocompatibility, a higher specific absorption rate, a shorter time to reach the targeted hyperthermia temperature, crystalline size within the biological radius, and a lower dose of the nano ferrite. A potential resolution involves identifying the limitations and proposing enhanced nanocomposite materials that amplify their magnetic characteristics via a biocompatible overlay, all while optimizing the effectiveness and functioning of magnetic nanoferrites. To increase the effectiveness of ferrite nanoparticles in treating hyperthermia, this study will figure out their constraints and offer solutions for more effective ferrite-based nanocomposites that may prove to be a viable therapy option for cancer in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103936"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper thermal limits are ‘hard-wired’ across body mass but not populations of an estuarine fish","authors":"Daniel F. Gomez Isaza ,&nbsp;Essie M. Rodgers","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate warming is seeing temperatures breach exceptional thresholds as the frequency and intensity of heat waves increase. Efforts to forecast species vulnerability to climate warming often focus on upper thermal limits threatening survival, overlooking the role of intraspecific variation in determining vulnerability. Using an estuarine fish (black bream, <em>Acanthopagrus butcheri</em>) as a model, we explore how intraspecific variation in body mass and among populations affects upper thermal tolerance. Upper thermal limits were quantified using critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of wild fish. We used a ∼500 g (mean = 52.4 g, range = 0.57–541 g) mass range to test the relationship between body mass and thermal tolerance. Four distinct black bream populations were chosen along a 5° latitudinal cline to explore population differences in thermal limits. Contrary to expectations, there was no effect of body mass on upper thermal limits. However, significant population differences in thermal tolerance were observed that correlate with mean habitat temperatures. Specifically, the southern population had a significantly lower CTmax (35.57 ± 0.43 °C) compared to northern (36.32 ± 0.70 °C) and mid-latitude (36.36 ± 1.15 °C) populations. These data underscore the importance of observing intraspecific variation in thermal limits to reveal the capabilities of individuals within a species to cope with climate warming and improve the management of at-risk life stages and populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456524001888/pdfft?md5=8b02bcb0d490a9fa0c4e78a14b5ef6f8&pid=1-s2.0-S0306456524001888-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of L-leucine and sodium acetate on milk protein synthesis under heat stress conditions in bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro","authors":"Jung-Woo Lim,&nbsp;Jun-Hee Lee,&nbsp;Jalil Ghassemi Nejad,&nbsp;Hong-Gu Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is widely known that heat stress (HS) has negative effects on dairy cows, such as a reduction in milk production and milk protein. However, there has been no research yet on the effects of HS at the bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) level and the function of L-leucine (LEU) and sodium acetate (ACE) in reducing HS. In this study, we evaluated the negative effects of HS at various temperatures on MAC-T and verified whether LEU and ACE are effective at reducing HS and increasing protein synthesis. An experiment was conducted by dividing MAC-T into three groups: 39 °C, 41 °C, and 43 °C. In the case of LEU and ACE supplementation experiments, the cells were supplemented with 0, 0.45, 0.9, 1.8, and 3.6 mM of LEU and ACE to reach the differentiation medium. It was observed that under HS at 41 °C, HSP70, BAX, and eIF4EBP1 gene expression were increased, whereas Bcl-2, eIF4E, and PRKAA1 gene expression were decreased. When 1.8 mM of LEU was added under HS at 41 °C, it suppressed apoptosis by reducing the gene expression of HSP70 and controlling the gene expression of apoptosis-related genes such as BAX and Bcl-2. Additionally, mTOR, P-mTOR, and β-casein proteins were increased. In the case of 0.9 mM of ACE, it was found to decrease the gene expression of HSP70 and BAX and increase the amount of β-casein protein synthesis. Simultaneous supplementation of LEU and ACE has been shown to reduce HS, inhibit apoptosis, and increase β-casein protein expression. In summary, HS at 41 °C began to have a negative effect on MAC-T, while LEU and ACE reduced HS and inhibited apoptosis, alleviating cell damage and effectively increasing β-casein protein synthesis. The results suggest that LEU and ACE have the potential to reduce HS and promote protein synthesis under HS conditions in MAC-T.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 103975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic thermal manipulation and post-hatch dietary guanidinoacetic acid supplementation alleviated chronic heat stress impact on broiler chickens","authors":"Gholamreza Zaboli ,&nbsp;Enayat Rahmatnejad","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study investigated the effects of embryonic thermal manipulation (<strong>TM</strong>) and post-hatch guanidinoacetic acid (<strong>GAA</strong>) supplementation on male broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress (HS). Ross 308 eggs (n = 710) were randomly assigned to control (37.8 °C, 56% RH) or TM (39.5 °C, 65% RH for 12 h/day from embryonic day 7–16) treatments. After hatching, chicks were further assigned to four dietary treatments (n = 12 birds/pen, 5 replicates/treatment): control, control with 1.2 g/kg GAA supplementation (<strong>CS</strong>), TM, and TM with 1.2 g/kg GAA supplementation (<strong>TMS</strong>). All birds were subjected to chronic HS (32–36 °C and 55% RH for 6 h/day) from day 28–42. Embryonic TM treatment decreased hatchability, hatching weight (<strong>HW</strong>), and facial temperature (<strong>FT</strong>). During the pre-HS period (days 1–28), no significant differences in feed conversion ratio (<strong>FCR</strong>) and mortality were observed, although the TM group exhibited the lowest body weight gain (<strong>BWG</strong>). Following HS exposure (days 29–42), the TMS group displayed significantly higher BWG than the control and CS groups. The TM and TMS groups also demonstrated significantly lower FCR and mortality rates during this period. Across the entire period (days 1–42), BWG was significantly higher in the TMS group compared to other groups. Furthermore, TM and TMS treatments were associated with lower mortality rates, improved FCR, better European Performance Efficiency Index (<strong>EPEI</strong>), and reduced abdominal fat deposition. The experimental treatments did not significantly affect intestinal morphology or most blood parameters, except triiodothyronine (<strong>T3</strong>), thyroxine (<strong>T4</strong>), and uric acid. Plasma concentrations of T3, T4, and uric acid were significantly lower in the TM and TMS groups compared to the control and CS treatments. The findings suggest that a combined strategy of embryonic TM and post-hatch dietary GAA supplementation may not only alleviate the detrimental effects of HS but also promote beneficial physiological responses in broiler chickens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental high temperature affects pre-implantation embryo development by impairing the DNA repair ability","authors":"Si-Jing Qu ,&nbsp;Shi-Yong Zhu ,&nbsp;En-Yan Wang,&nbsp;Xin-Lei Yan,&nbsp;Rong-Feng Cao,&nbsp;Hua-Tao Li,&nbsp;Zhong-Ling Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental high temperature poses a significant threat to human health, however, limited information is available for understanding the relationship between the hot weather and infertility. This study aims to assess the adverse effect of the hot weather to early embryonic cells. Our results indicated that environmental high temperature exposure could cause the decline of early embryo quality and implantation ability. In detail, it led to early embryonic development retardation, embryo degeneration rate increased, the rate of blastocyst and hatching decreased, and reduced the number of implants. And the finding also the impairment of environmental high temperature on early embryonic cells may be due to oxidative damage of DNA caused by ROS, while BER repair ability is decreased, failing to repair oxidative damage of DNA in time, resulting in a large number of early embryonic apoptosis. The work underscored that pregnant women should stay away from high-temperature environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regular cold shower exposure modulates humoral and cell-mediated immunity in healthy individuals","authors":"Mahmoud R.M. El-Ansary ,&nbsp;Amira R. El-Ansary ,&nbsp;Shereen M. Said ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Abdel-Hakeem","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cold hydrotherapy is an ancient practice that has recently gained scientific interest for its potential health benefits. This study explored the effects of regular cold shower exposure on immune cell function.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sixty healthy Egyptian adults were randomized to take cold or hot showers daily for 90 days. Levels of immunoglobulins, cytokines, and interferon-gamma were measured in blood samples at baseline, 30, 60, and 90 days.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The cold shower group exhibited significant increases in immunoglobulin levels. Conversely, the hot shower group showed a significant decrease in IgM levels at 60 and 90 days compared to baseline, alongside nonsignificant decrease of IgG and IgA. the cold shower group demonstrated elevated levels of IL-2 and IL-4 at 90 days, indicating enhanced T-cell proliferation and humoral immunity, respectively. In contrast, the hot shower group did not exhibit significant changes in cytokine levels. There were no significant differences in IFN-γ and TNF-α levels between the groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Regular cold shower exposure appears to enhance humoral and cell-mediated immunity through the upregulation of antibodies, interleukin-2, and interleukin-4. Brief cold stressors may induce physiological adaptations that prime the immune response. This accessible, sustainable lifestyle modification could potentially serve as an alternative therapy to boost immunity. Further research on larger populations is warranted to better understand the physiological effects of cold temperatures on immunity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of spinal cord injury on the skin temperature of different regions of interest during a graded exercise test in a moderate temperature environment","authors":"Jose Luis Sanchez-Jimenez ,&nbsp;Rosa M. Cibrian-Ortiz de Anda ,&nbsp;Maria Vazquez-Fariñas ,&nbsp;Soraya Martin-Manjarres ,&nbsp;Jose Ignacio Priego-Quesada ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Aparicio-Aparicio","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gradient between core and skin temperature is a relevant factor in heat exchange between the human body and the environment, but people with spinal cord injury (SCI), due to their autonomic dysfunction, have impaired mechanisms that condition skin temperature response. This study aimed to determine how SCI affects skin temperature response in different ROIs during a graded exercise test in a moderate temperature environment. 32 participants were included in the study [SCI (N = 16); Non-SCI (N = 16)]. A graded exercise test was conducted on an arm crank ergometer, with a staged duration of 3 min separated by 1 min of rest. Skin temperature was measured using infrared thermography at rest, after each interval and during recovery. Individuals with SCI exhibited lower skin temperature in the anterior leg during exercise than Non-SCI (p &lt; 0.001). During recovery, SCI athletes experienced a lower skin temperature restoration in the anterior arm, posterior arm and anterior leg (p &lt; 0.05). The anterior leg is an interesting region to measure during exercise in people with SCI for assessing the physiological effect of the injury, probably for the autonomic dysfunction in skin temperature regulation, but the effect observed during recovery in the arms suggests the presence of different mechanisms involved in skin temperature regulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456524001876/pdfft?md5=0248fada9bb150aebb32c1c4ea16661e&pid=1-s2.0-S0306456524001876-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal stress during incubation in an arctic breeding seabird","authors":"Katherine R.S. Snell ,&nbsp;Jón Aldará ,&nbsp;Sjúrður Hammer ,&nbsp;Kasper Thorup","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arctic breeding seabirds have experienced dramatic population declines in recent decades. The population of Arctic skuas (<em>Stercorarius parasiticus</em>) nesting on the Faroe Islands, North Atlantic, breed near the southern extent of their breeding range and are experiencing some of the largest declines. This is thought to be caused in part by increased warming due to climate change and thus, it is becoming critical to investigate the proximate and ultimate effects of the thermal environment on parental physiology, behaviour and breeding success. Behavioural observations at an Arctic skua long-term monitoring colony were undertaken during the 2016 breeding season to determine the frequencies of thermoregulatory panting, and interrupted incubation events. Incubating Arctic skuas showed thermoregulatory behaviour at air temperatures (T_a) of 9 °C, which suggested that they may be operating near their upper thermal tolerance limit. Arctic skuas spent significantly more time panting as T_a increases, wind speed decreases and sun exposure increases. This relationship was apparent even within the narrow ranges of T_a (7.5–15 °C) and wind speed (0-5 ms⁻¹) recorded. Incubation effort was not continuous with birds leaving the nest for up to 100% of the observation block. While we found no relationship between interrupted incubation and environmental conditions, panting was only observed in birds that were simultaneously incubating eggs. These results highlight the constraints on birds during the incubation phase of breeding, and indicate a potential maladaptive behaviour of maintaining incubation despite the increased cost of thermoregulation under warming temperatures in this species. However, the relationship between thermal stress, nest absence and demographic parameters remains unclear, highlighting the importance of longitudinal and/or high-resolution studies that focus on Arctic specialists and the interrelationships between environmental factors, nest absence rates and productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456524001852/pdfft?md5=f82a8f839c15e17005091f9c7590059b&pid=1-s2.0-S0306456524001852-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared thermometry for detecting estrus and pregnancy in Holstein cows","authors":"Borhan Shokrollahi ,&nbsp;Salim Morammazi ,&nbsp;Kavous Dananiani ,&nbsp;Hamidreza Tarjoman","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient reproductive management is paramount in enhancing the productivity and welfare of dairy cows. This study investigates the effects of pregnancy status, seasonal variations, and diurnal shifts on the body temperature of different body parts in dairy cows. Using a structured approach, cows were categorized based on pregnancy status (pregnant vs. control) or estrous status (estrous vs. control), season (winter, spring, summer), and time of day (morning, noon, evening). The analysis revealed that pregnancy and estrous statuses significantly affect the body temperature, with pregnant and estrous cows displaying higher temperatures (39.0 ± 0.03 and 38.0 ± 0.06 °C, respectively) than controls (37.1 ± 0.06 °C; p &lt; 0.01). Seasonal impacts were also notable, with the highest temperatures observed in summer (38.3 ± 0.07 °C) followed by spring (38.1 ± 0.09 °C) and winter (37.7 ± 0.06 °C; p &lt; 0.01), indicating a strong environmental influence on physiological responses. Furthermore, diurnal analysis indicated temperature fluctuations throughout the day, peaking at noon (38.1 ± 0.09 °C; p &lt; 0.05) compared to morning and evening. High positive correlations were observed between the measured temperatures in different areas and rectal and vaginal temperatures, suggesting the skin surface is ideal for assessing thermal changes. These findings underscore the critical interplay between an animal's physiological state and external environmental factors in managing dairy cow health and reproduction. The study highlights the potential of non-invasive temperature monitoring as a tool for optimizing reproductive management and underscores the necessity of accounting for environmental and physiological variations in dairy management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated and grouped relationships between type 2 diabetes and peripheral arterial disease on skin temperature in the foot plantar region","authors":"Raschelle Ramalho Rosas ,&nbsp;Francisco Thalyson Moraes Silveira ,&nbsp;Rhuan Valerio Cavalcante Quintela ,&nbsp;Rafael Martins da Costa ,&nbsp;Inês Amanda Streit ,&nbsp;Rodolfo André Dellagrana ,&nbsp;Mateus Rossato","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the study was to verify relationships between isolated and grouped clinical conditions (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [T2DM] and Peripheral Arterial Disease [PAD]) with the skin temperature of the plantar region of the feet (Tskin_Feet). Twenty-four elderly women participated, divided into three groups: GT2DM + PAD (n = 8; 69.6 ± 8.0 years-old; 148 ± 5 cm; 63.8 ± 8.9 kg), GT2DM (n = 8, 69.3 ± 7.8 years-old, 151 ± 6 cm; 66.3 ± 10.8 kg), and control group (CG) (n = 8; 69.3 ± 6.6 years old; 148 ± 6 cm; 58.0 ± 5.3 kg). The T2DM was diagnosed based on HbA1C concentrations, and PAD was assessed using the Ankle-Brachial Index. Thermographic images were captured for both feet using the Flir thermal camera (model T420®) and analyzed using Flir Tools® software. The <em>Inner canthus</em> (IC) measurement was used as an indicator of core body temperature. Five regions of interest (ROIs) were determined for each image. The difference (Δ) between the temperature at the IC (average among right and left side) and of the each of the five ROIs in the plantar region (right foot and left foot) was calculated, where lower values indicated a closer proximity to the core body temperature. The one-way ANOVA was performed to verify differences between groups of clinical conditions. A significance level of 5% was assumed. The GT2DM group exhibited higher Tskin_Feet absolute values than the CG for all ROIs. However, just for ROI4 (hindfoot) of the right foot plantar was significant (p = 0.027). On the other hand, when analyzing the values difference between the average temperature at the IC of the temperature in the five evaluated ROIs on the right and left foot, the GT2DM group showed significantly lower values than the CG for for ROI 2 (forefoot) p = 0.0429 and ROI 4 (hindfoot) p = 0.009 on the right foot and for ROI 1 (forefoot) p = 0.0338; ROI 2 (forefoot) p = 0.0392 and ROI 5 (hindfoot) p = 0.0377 on the left foot. In conclusion, GT2DM presented a Tskin_Feet closer to the core temperature (IC) indicating a higher temperature. The presence of PAD appears to attenuate skin overheating.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}