G. Shinkai, S. Muraoka, M. Yagu, Y. Uematsu, H. Osaka
{"title":"Study of the insertion loss of a differential pair of through holes for the 25-Gbps serial interconnect","authors":"G. Shinkai, S. Muraoka, M. Yagu, Y. Uematsu, H. Osaka","doi":"10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523463","url":null,"abstract":"To design future high-speed interconnects that operate above 25 Gbps, accurate scattering parameters (s-parameters) of structures, such as through holes, are necessary. We estimated the s-parameters of a differential pair of through holes by using the de-embedding technique to eliminate undesirable loss and delay in the feed lines connected to the through holes. By comparing this insertion loss and the estimated insertion loss of a corresponding electromagnetic (EM) simulation model, we found that the distance between the center of the drill holes and the center of their clearance could be a reason for the increase in the insertion loss of the through holes in addition to the open stub effect above 20 GHz. We also discuss the reason for the error in the de-embedding from the viewpoint of measurement repeatability. We estimated contact resistance, parasitic capacitance, and parasitic inductance at the air coplanar (ACP) probe tips from the measured s-parameters. The result shows that these parameters varied about 0.1 Ω, 0.1 nH, and 0.05 pF due to reasons such as the contact condition or the flatness of the PCB. To mitigate these parasitic lumped elements, probes with smaller tips are preferable when we measure the s-parameters of structures for de-embedding.","PeriodicalId":174050,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128873243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Aoyagi, F. Imura, S. Nemoto, N. Watanabe, F. Kato, K. Kikuchi, H. Nakagawa, M. Hagimoto, H. Uchida, Y. Matsumoto
{"title":"Wide bus chip-to-chip interconnection technology using fine pitch bump joint array for 3D LSI chip stacking","authors":"M. Aoyagi, F. Imura, S. Nemoto, N. Watanabe, F. Kato, K. Kikuchi, H. Nakagawa, M. Hagimoto, H. Uchida, Y. Matsumoto","doi":"10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523418","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a fabrication technology of fine-pitch cone shape Au bump array using nanoparticle deposition method for 3D LSI chip stacking. 1024-bit wide bus chip-to-chip interconnection circuit called Cool Interconnect has been also developed using fine-pitch bump joint array technology and precise flip chip bonding technology. Such a wide bus chip-to-chip interconnection is suitable instead of on-chip bus interconnection in multi-core architecture LSI system in order to achieve low power operation. We propose a testing approach to confirm the chip-to-chip interconnect electrical performance using scan path method and JTAG test method in 3D LSI chip stacking system. The preliminary data transmitting experiment of Cool Interconnect using designed, fabricated, and flip-chip stacked test LSI chips was successfully done under low power consumption with clock frequency of 50MHz.","PeriodicalId":174050,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121950563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kunikawa, T. Tanaka, H. Kouyanagi, K. Shirahase
{"title":"Build-up electrical insulation material for high speed & high-frequency","authors":"T. Kunikawa, T. Tanaka, H. Kouyanagi, K. Shirahase","doi":"10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523466","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for high performance build-up electrical insulation materials, used in IC package substrates, is increasing due to ever-increasing speed signal processing and density of LSIs due to requirement for faster information and communication equipment in recent years. These LSIs with signal travelling at high speeds also causes GHz band signal to travel through the package substrate. If the dielectric loss tangent of the insulation material is large, not only will it lead to high signal losses, it will also cause other problems such as increase in heat releases. Furthermore, GHz band signal travelling at high speed causes large transmission losses at the surface of the conductor due to skin effect and this is especially true when the surface smoothness of the conductor is rough triggering a signal delay. To countermeasure these problems, build up insulation material that has both low dielectric loss tangent and enables smoother conductor surfaces after processing, was developed achieving very low signal loss of -1.38dB/inch at 10GHz using microstrip line. Here we report the result of the low transmission loss of the newly developed material by microstrip line and the successful result of isolating the effect of low dielectric loss tangent and conductor smoothness that affect transmission loss. Finally we report a novel insulation material that achieves further low transmission loss by having dielectric loss tangent of 0.004 level with conductor surface roughness of less than 100 nm.","PeriodicalId":174050,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127812261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of a foam supporter on passive intermodulation measurement using standing-wave coaxial tube method","authors":"D. Ishibashi, N. Kuga","doi":"10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523469","url":null,"abstract":"The influences of dielectric loss due to supporting materials proximity to tested conductive materials is examined in terms of PIM characteristics. The examination is performed using the standing wave coaxial tube method, and foam with low dielectric constant is chosen as a supporting material. In this PIM-measurement method, the error due to the loss cannot be negligible especially in the calibration process to eliminate the frequency dependence of the measurement results. Therefore, a method to reduce the influence due to such loss is proposed in this paper. The proposed method employs a low-loss conductor such as silver wire, and its validity is confirmed. As a result, it is shown that the discrepancy in the calibrated process is reduced from 10dB to 1dB.","PeriodicalId":174050,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125958628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Mimatsu, J. Mizuno, T. Kasahara, M. Saito, H. Nishikawa, S. Shoji
{"title":"Using nano-porous Au-Ag sheets as a joint layer for low-temperature Au-Au bonding","authors":"H. Mimatsu, J. Mizuno, T. Kasahara, M. Saito, H. Nishikawa, S. Shoji","doi":"10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523449","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we proposed low-temperature Au-Au bonding using nano-porous Au-Ag sheets as a joint layer. The influences of annealing temperature on the porous structure and chemical properties of the sheets were investigated. The nano-porous sheet was fabricated by dealloying a 100 μm thick Au-Ag sheet in solution HNO3. The nano-porous sheets were annealed between 100 °C and 250 °C. The chemical composition of the sheet was analyzed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Two substrates and nano-porous sheet were bonded under a pressure of 8 MPa for 20 min. Bonding strengths were about 0.5 MPa, 1.0 MPa, 1.8 MPa, and 4.8 MPa at annealing temperatures of 100°C, 150°C, 200°C, and 250°C, respectively. The sheet which had about 10 nm ligament formed on the surface by additional treatment of immersing in liquid nitrogen was also used as a bonding layer. This treatment was effective to increase the bonding strength.","PeriodicalId":174050,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan","volume":"362 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133271903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prognostic health monitoring method for printed circuit boards subjected to random cyclic loads","authors":"K. Hirohata, Y. Hisakuni, T. Omori, M. Mukai","doi":"10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523421","url":null,"abstract":"For random dynamic loads such as cyclic shock and vibration of semiconductor modules, a method using field load assessment and fatigue life estimation is proposed in order to improve the reliability of electronic products. The evolutionary spectrum method is introduced for random dynamic load modeling. The statistical distribution of structural responses such as the deformation and strain of solder joints and printed circuit boards can be predicted by Monte Carlo simulations based on the finite element method and random dynamic load modeling. A feasibility study of the failure probability estimation method is conducted for application to a printed circuit board on which a flip-chip ball grid array (BGA) package is mounted using BGA solder joints. The proposed method is found to be useful for prognostic health monitoring of solder joint failure.","PeriodicalId":174050,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134600774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cu wire bonding knows no limit - 28 nm is qualified","authors":"B. Appelt, A. Tseng, S. Uegaki, L. Huang","doi":"10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523390","url":null,"abstract":"Over the course of the last five years, fine pitch Cu wire bonding has gained a very large market share in the wire bond packaging market driven primarily by very high Au commodity prices. Virtually all IDMs and OSATs do offer Cu wire bond products. In ASE the penetration rate is reaching 60% or more than 9.5 billion units in shipment to date. The reliability has reached levels which equate to more than 6X of typical JEDEC package reliability testing protocols, and now, automotive as well as networking customers are ready to accept Cu wire bonded products for their applications. Current shipments do include 40 and 45 nm wafer technology and the question is arising how far can Cu wire bonding go? The ASE Cu wire bonding roadmap will be presented which aims at sustaining wire bonding in Cu to at least the 20 nm node. Qualification data will be presented for the 28 nm node based on collaboration with wafer fabs. Customer die qualifications are in progress.","PeriodicalId":174050,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan","volume":"4 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115725473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phase change cooling for energy-efficient ICT systems","authors":"M. Yoshikawa, K. Inaba, A. Matsunaga, H. Sakamoto","doi":"10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523472","url":null,"abstract":"Data center businesses are growing rapidly, along with their power consumption. Approximately one half of the power consumed at a data center is used to maintain the temperatures of ICT equipment and server rooms. Increasing the energy efficiency has been one of the most critical issues when building and operating these energy consuming infrastructures important for the modern society, and effective management of the airflow in data center holds the key to increasing the efficiency. The present study reviews phase change heat transfer and a cooling module for 1U servers developed to minimize airflow through these most commonly used type of equipment at data centers. Using the thickness of about 44mm, the phase change cooling module allows natural circulation of its coolant with gravity. The cooling module is so efficient that it reduces more than 30 percent of airflow than conventional technology, thereby reducing the cooling power by 70 percent. The application of this cooling module is verified numerically for a large-scale data center to reduce the airflow, and the power consumption is estimated to be reduced by more than 20 percent.","PeriodicalId":174050,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121224282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Takeda, M. Aoki, K. Hozawa, F. Furuta, A. Yanagisawa, H. Kikuchi, T. Mitsuhashi, H. Kobayashi
{"title":"Three-dimensional integration scheme using hybrid wafer bonding and via-last TSV process","authors":"K. Takeda, M. Aoki, K. Hozawa, F. Furuta, A. Yanagisawa, H. Kikuchi, T. Mitsuhashi, H. Kobayashi","doi":"10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523456","url":null,"abstract":"A wafer-level three-dimensional (3D) integration scheme for forming via-last through-silicon vias (TSVs) was developed. This scheme includes wafer-to-wafer (W2W) stacking technology with a copper/polymer hybrid bonding and a via-last TSV process compatible with a copper/low-k interconnect structure. Bonding of a copper/polymer hybrid wafer with a ventilation channel structure provides good copper-to-copper bonding as well as good polymer-to-polymer bonding without producing any large bonding voids. Via-last TSVs (8 μm in diameter and 25 μm in length) were successfully formed in the bonded wafer, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed 3D integration scheme.","PeriodicalId":174050,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124001409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Cao, Xue Feng, Qi Sun, Wei-Xiong Luo, Huiqin Ling, J. Sun, Ming Li
{"title":"Electrochemical analysis of cathode in TSV copper electroplating","authors":"H. Cao, Xue Feng, Qi Sun, Wei-Xiong Luo, Huiqin Ling, J. Sun, Ming Li","doi":"10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSJ.2012.6523399","url":null,"abstract":"In TSV copper electroplating, the most important is to form the “bottom up” deposition. In order to achieve this kind of super-filling, additive in the electroplating bath need to play its own role at the respective position. Accelerator adsorb at the bottom of the via to accelerate the deposition of copper while suppressor mostly adsorb at the top of the via to inhibit the deposition. Therefore, vias could be supper-filled without any void. In this paper, bis(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used as accelerator and suppressor respectively. The supper-filling mechanism and the competitive adsorption of SPS and PEG were being researched by means of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammogram (CV). The electrochemical analysis and the experimental plating are closely related.","PeriodicalId":174050,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124492393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}