Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction for gaseous fuel jets based on background oriented schlieren technique","authors":"Xuesong Li,&nbsp;Shuicheng Gong,&nbsp;Fuhao Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiyin Ma,&nbsp;Gang Xun","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optical diagnostics of transparent gaseous flows are of great significance to the fields of aerodynamic experimental research, gas fuel development and utilization, and fuel emission characteristics research, which has attracted the attention of the field. Since the transparent gaseous flow is difficult to measure directly and common two-dimensional test methods could not completely recover the structures of the complex flow field, three-dimensional test methods with the function of visualizing transparent flow field are the research need of gaseous fuel combustion system designs. This paper proposes a three-dimensional reconstruction method of Ray Tracing 3D Background Oriented Schlieren (RT-3D-BOS) and uses the Runge-Kutta iteration to calculate the path of light in the non-uniform flow field by ray tracing. This technique is also combined with a 3D tomographic reconstruction method to acquire the 3D density of the transparent gas flow field quantitatively. In this paper, the RT-3D-BOS method is used to reconstruct the 3D density field of helium jet gas which is the surrogate fuel gas for the hydrogen fuel from single-hole and multi-hole fuel injectors, and different regularization methods are introduced and tested in the reconstruction process. The results show that the proposed RT-3D-BOS method can effectively implement the measurement of the complex three-dimensional transparent gas density field. The total variation and Tikhonov regularization strategies commonly used in tomographic reconstruction for reducing the effect of noises can further improve the measurement fidelity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102118"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and chemical kinetic study of laminar flame characteristics and ammonia-alcohol synergistic effect for C1∼C5 alcohol-ammonia composite combustion","authors":"Changyou Yu ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Wanchen Sun ,&nbsp;Degang Li ,&nbsp;Peng Cheng ,&nbsp;Yanbin Shi ,&nbsp;Liang Guo ,&nbsp;Yuying Yan ,&nbsp;Genan Zhu ,&nbsp;Li Ma ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, studies on using carbon-neutral alcohol-based oxygenated fuels to improve the speed and stability of ammonia laminar flame have attracted extensive attention from researchers. In this study, the laminar flame speed, flame cell structure and flame self-accelerating as well as the Markstein length of C1∼C5 alcohol-ammonia composite combustion have been explored by high-speed schlieren system in constant-volume combustion chamber together with chemical kinetics, and it was found that there is a synergistic effect on both laminar flame speed and flame stability of C1∼C5 alcohol-ammonia composite combustion, finally the ammonia-alcohol synergistic effect was investigated based on Taguchi method. The results show that, except for methanol addition which is particularly effective, the addition of C1∼C5 alcohols can significantly improve the laminar flame speed of ammonia, and the enhancement effect decreases first and then increases with the extension of the molecular chain in added alcohols. The chemical kinetics are attributed to the fact that during ammonia-alcohol composite combustion, the intensity of NH₃-NH₂-NH dehydrogenation and CH₂O-CO exothermic reactions reduces first and then increases with the extension of alcohol molecular chain, and methanol addition is relatively easier to generate CH₂O and HNO which can significantly increase the strength of ammonia-methanol synergistic effect. Besides, the addition of C1∼C5 alcohols can keep the ammonia flame in a self-accelerating status and effectively increase the Markstein length. However, the onset of cellular flame is delayed, the intensity of self-accelerating is weakened and the enhancement effect of flame stability is reduced with the extension of molecular chain in added alcohols. Combining the ammonia-alcohol laminar flame characteristics and Taguchi method, it can be found that the strength of ammonia-alcohol synergistic effect is strongest when methanol or n-pentanol are added, and the laminar flame speed of NH₃/CH₃OH and NH₃/n-C₅H₁₁OH are greater than those of pure methanol and pure n-pentanol flame in alcohol addition ratio of 80 %-initial pressure of 7 bar/5 bar-φ = 1.2, respectively. Meanwhile, ammonia-alcohol composite combustion can alleviate the limitations imposed by increasing pressure or equivalent ratio on laminar flame speed or Markstein length, respectively. In C1∼C5 alcohol-ammonia combustion laminar flame, the optimal conditions for rapid and stable combustion as well as the strongest ammonia-alcohol synergistic effect are alcohols addition ratio of 80 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102082"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of various nanoparticles infused biodiesel/diesel blends on combustion, performance, and environmental characteristics of a CI engine","authors":"Aqueel Ahmad ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Dewangan","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable and green alternatives to conventional diesel has driven the search of biodiesel blends, with nanoparticle additives improving combustion efficiency and emission reduction. This study explores the performance, combustion, and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine using biodiesel-diesel blended with graphene oxide (GO), magnesium oxide (MgO), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanoparticles. The B20 biodiesel blend was prepared with 80 % diesel and 20 % waste cooking oil-driven biodiesel, and the nanoparticles were added at 90 ppm using a water bath sonicator for proper dispersion. Engine tests were conducted under variable load conditions for test blends (B20, B20+GO, B20+MgO, and B20+MWCNT) and compared with baseline diesel (D100). The results exhibited substantial enhancements in engine performance and combustion efficiency for nanoparticle-dispersed biodiesel blends as compared to D100 and B20 blends without nanoparticles. The B20+MWCNT blend achieved a 12.40 % higher BTE and a 9.67 % lower in BSFC compared to baseline diesel. Additionally, this blend presented higher heat release rate (HRR), peak cylinder pressure (PCP), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT). Emission reductions were observed, with CO, CO₂, UBHC, and NO_x emissions decreasing by 60 %, 16 %, 36.84 %, and 9.02 %, respectively, compared to baseline diesel at full load condition. The study emphasizes the potential of nanoparticle-enhanced biodiesel blends to enhance engine efficiency while reducing harmful emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102117"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic catalysis of Ni3P/N@C for efficient hydrodeoxygenation: Unraveling the role of Ni3P-N interactions in hydrogen transfer and C-O bond cleavage","authors":"Yu-Qian Zhang ,&nbsp;Xing Fan ,&nbsp;Zhong-Qiu Liu ,&nbsp;Yang-Chao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang-Yang Xu ,&nbsp;Jian-Fang Xu ,&nbsp;Hai-Xu Zou ,&nbsp;Xian-Yong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (CHDO) of coal-derived oxygenates into high-value aromatic hydrocarbons is pivotal for sustainable coal valorization, yet challenges remain in achieving efficient hydrogen activation and selective C-O bond cleavage. Although the individual catalytic roles of metals and alkaline sites in CHDO are well established, in which metals primarily activate H₂ to form H<strong>^…</strong>H species and alkaline sites facilitate C-O bond cleavage by providing H⁻ species, the structure-activity relationship and hydrogen transfer dynamics in composite catalysts integrating both components remain inadequately understood. This knowledge gap hinders the rational design of catalysts with enhanced performance in CHDO. In this study, a series of Ni₃P/N@C catalysts, integrating both Ni₃P and N-alkaline functionalities, were synthesized via calcination of Ni₃P precursors at 400–800 °C, resulting in integrates metallic Ni₃P nanoparticles with N-doped carbon supports to synergistically enhance hydrogen transfer and deoxygenation. Among these catalysts, Ni₃P/N@C-600 exhibited superior catalytic activity and stability in CHDO reactions, effectively removing oxygen from the oxygen-containing compounds in the sequential thermal dissolution products, converting 91.6 % of O₄-O₆ class species to lower oxygen class (O₃-O₁) compounds. Structural characterization and mechanistic analysis revealed that the synergistic interaction between Ni₃P and N-alkaline sites enhances hydrogen activation, with Ni₃P facilitating H₂ dissociation and N-alkaline sites providing mobile H⁻ and surface-bound H⁺, thereby promoting selective C-O bond cleavage and accelerating CHDO efficiency. This work offers fundamental insights into the cooperative mechanisms of metal-alkaline catalysts and provides a strategic framework for the design of highly efficient catalysts for coal-derived aromatic hydrocarbon production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102103"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced gasification of waste plastics for hydrogen production: experiment and simulation","authors":"Shihao Guo ,&nbsp;Mengyao Gu ,&nbsp;Yun Luo ,&nbsp;Juan Chen ,&nbsp;Hong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quality of hydrogen produced from waste plastic steam gasification is compromised by CO₂ and tar. While the use of CaO for CO₂ adsorption and tar catalytic cracking has been explored, the impact of the heat released during CaO carbonation on hydrogen production has not been sufficiently studied. This work investigates the role of Fe-doped CaO in enhancing hydrogen production and tar removal during gasification. Aspen Plus is used to evaluate the impact of CaO carbonation heat on hydrogen generation via waste plastic steam gasification. Experimental results show that, at 700 °C and 20 vol% H₂O, the H₂ concentration and yield increase to 67.9 vol% and 288.6 mL/g, respectively, with a liquid production rate of 17 % when Ca₉₀Fe₁₀/PE mass ratio is 2.0. In simulations, with the gasifier operating at 700 °C and maintaining thermal equilibrium, H₂ molar percentage is 58.5 % for an O₂ inflow of 13.03 kg/h. At 700 °C and Ca₉₀Fe₁₀/PE mass ratio of 2.2, the heat generated by the CO₂ adsorption reaction of CaO is 76.51 MJ/h and requires 6.9 kg/h of O₂ and the molar percent of H₂ is 80.76 %. To achieve material circulation, 0.8 kg/h of CH₄ is combusted in the calciner to regenerate CaO, consuming 3.2 kg/h of O₂. Overall, O₂ consumption for the entire cycle is reduced by 2.93 kg/h, compared to processes without CaO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102114"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluate the effect of different butanol isomers on engine exhaust soot particles","authors":"Xiaoyu Guo ,&nbsp;Lina Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Haozhong Huang ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Kongzhao Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chemical properties of soot particles are correlate with the catalytic regeneration efficiency of DPF. The surface chemistry of soot particles generated from the combustion of oxygenated fuels merits focused investigation, especially considering that the particle chemistry among isomer fuels remains insufficiently characterized. In this study, the chemical properties and oxidative activity of soot particles from different butanol isomers were analysed by FT-IR, XPS and TGA. The results indicated that, compared with D100, the O/C ratio of oxygenated fuel particles increased by approximately 159–358 % under 1.2 MPa load, whereas the difference was not significant at 0.6 MPa load. The content of oxygenated functional groups on particle surface increased with the load increase. When the load was increased to 1.2 MPa, the C-O (aliphatics) groups in D100 and TB50 particles were converted to C=O groups, while the corresponding groups in other fuel particles were converted mainly to C-O (aromatics) groups. Moreover, IB50 exhibited the smallest sp3/sp2 ratio (0.15 and 0.22 respectively), indicating a low degree of carbon layer disorder, fewer surface defects, and a lower content of aliphatic/oxygenated functional groups, which consequently led to the highest Ea. Linear analysis revealed a high linear correlation between the O/C ratio and Ea. For instance, NB50 had a high O/C ratio (0.3 and 0.62 respectively), resulting in a lower Ea and higher oxidative activity. Furthermore, changes in engine load altered the particle structure. Some functional groups showed little or no linear relationship with the oxidative activity of soot particles at high loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102104"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of temperature-dependent speciation data on the development of HyChem Model for RP-3 kerosene","authors":"Yecheng Song ,&nbsp;Shijie Bai ,&nbsp;Shilong Li ,&nbsp;Minglei Wang ,&nbsp;Shumeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongping Chen ,&nbsp;Kun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modeling the combustion chemistry of multi-component liquid fuels, such as RP-3 kerosene, faces intricate challenges. A recently proposed HyChem approach offers a physics-based modeling path, with models constrained by experimental speciation data followed by validation by global combustion properties. Intermediate speciation data obtained under appropriate temperature and/or reaction time are crucial for the HyChem model development, yet their impact has not been fully elucidated. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of temperature-dependent speciation data on the development of HyChem models. Pyrolysis and oxidation experiments were conducted in a flow reactor system over a temperature range of 1000 K–1355 K to characterize the distribution of critical intermediate species during RP-3 decomposition. Multiple HyChem models were developed based on speciation data obtained from experiments conducted at various temperatures. These models were subsequently validated using global combustion properties, specifically ignition delay time and laminar flame speed. The HyChem models were developed using speciation datasets from various temperatures, resulting in different stoichiometric and rate coefficients in their fuel decomposition submodel. Despite these differences, most models showed remarkably consistent predictions that closely aligned with experimental measurements of global combustion properties. The above findings in the present study may relieve the researchers in the selection and determination of experimental conditions for obtaining speciation data to the development of HyChem models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102112"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gasification characteristics and kinetics of pyrolysis-derived coal chars under a CH4-containing atmosphere","authors":"Cheng Ma ,&nbsp;Silin Meng ,&nbsp;Yuzhen Zhao ,&nbsp;Yang Zhao ,&nbsp;Chong Zou ,&nbsp;Zongcheng Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CO₂ gasification technology of char represents a crucial approach for achieving environmentally sustainable and effective utilization of low-rank coal. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was applied to investigate the CO₂ gasification properties and kinetics of chars prepared by low-rank coal pyrolyzed in the N₂ and CH₄-containing atmospheres. The physicochemical properties of the chars were analyzed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and CO₂ adsorption techniques. The gasification activation energy (<em>E</em>_<em>α</em>) of chars was determined by the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) approach, and the gasification reaction mechanisms were elucidated through the Malek method. The findings suggest that the CH₄-containing atmosphere significantly increased the proportion of graphitic carbon (C-C) structures and enhanced the graphitization degree (<em>A</em>_G/<em>A</em>_All) in char, while reducing its specific surface area. Further analysis revealed that the C-C structure proportion, volatile matter content, <em>A</em>_G/<em>A</em>_All, and specific surface area of char-CH₄ showed strong linear correlations (<em>R</em>² &gt; 0.9) with its gasification reactivity and activation energy. The CH₄-containing atmosphere reduced the gasification activity of char. Additionally, the CO₂ gasification processes of char could be described by the two-dimensional diffusion mechanism (<em>α</em> = 0.2–0.5) and the three-dimensional diffusion model (<em>α</em> = 0.6–0.9), respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102113"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen production from methane dry reforming on coke-resistant Pr-doped Co/mesoporous alumina catalysts","authors":"Bui T. Thu-Thao ,&nbsp;Ngoc-Dung Lai ,&nbsp;Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar ,&nbsp;Tan Ji Siang ,&nbsp;Thuy-Phuong T. Pham ,&nbsp;Natarajan Rajamohan ,&nbsp;Shams Forruque Ahmed ,&nbsp;G. Abdulkareem-Alsultan ,&nbsp;Aishah Abdul Jalil ,&nbsp;Mohammad Yusuf ,&nbsp;Dai-Viet N. Vo","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry reforming of methane, DRM is largely recognized as a promising route for generating H₂ energy to substitute fossil fuels. In this work, the promotional effect of praseodymium dopant (0-7 wt %) on the performance and coking resistance of mesoporous alumina (MA)-dispersed Co catalysts was investigated at a stoichiometric DRM feed composition and 650–750 °C. Pr promotion considerably reduced Co₃O₄ crystal dimension from 16.8 to 7.8 nm and 5Pr10Co/MA possessed the smallest Co₃O₄ crystallite size. The total basic site concentration was boosted with Pr addition from 66.8 to 169.7 μmol CO₂ <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>. Stable CH₄ conversion with time-on-stream was evidenced on Pr-promoted catalysts (1 %-5 %Pr) because of enhancing basic site concentration and CO₂ adsorption. Notably, 5Pr10Co/MA achieved the greatest CH₄ (90.91 %) and CO₂ (82.13 %) conversions at 700 °C and exhibited the highest coke resistance with the least carbon deposition percentage (0.87 %) and carbon formation rate (2.42 × 10⁻⁵ <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mspace></mspace><msubsup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span> min⁻¹) owing to the smallest Co₃O₄ crystallite size, oxygen vacancy and redox attributes. An enhancement in H₂ yield from 52.52 % to 87.94 % was evidenced on 5Pr10Co/MA with rising temperature from 650 to 750 °C. The two-step mechanism for coke suppression triggered by a redox PrO₂/Pr₂O₃ pair was also elaborated in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102116"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-pyrolysis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and polystyrene: kinetics and product distributions","authors":"Dezhi Kong ,&nbsp;Susu Wang ,&nbsp;Yuqi Wang ,&nbsp;Haitao Chen ,&nbsp;Qiangu Yan ,&nbsp;Yijiang Gong ,&nbsp;Rui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co-pyrolysis of algae with polystyrene (PS) offers a promising and efficient approach to enhancing the quality of algae-derived bio-oil. This study investigated the thermal decomposition behavior, activation energy, and product distribution during the co-pyrolysis of <em>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</em> (CP) and PS. Thermal decomposition behavior was analyzed using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at heating rates of 10–40 °C/min. The activation energies were calculated using the OFW, KAS, and STK methods. Product distributions were examined using Py-GC/MS at 600 °C. TGA results revealed that the co-pyrolysis of CP and PS proceeded through four stages. Increasing CP proportions shifted pyrolysis temperatures toward higher values. The addition of PS significantly reduced the apparent activation energy, with the strongest positive synergistic effect at a CP5PS5 ratio. The average apparent activation energies for CP5PS5 were 180, 179, and 179 kJ/mol, as determined by the OFW, KAS, and STK methods, respectively. Py-GC/MS analysis revealed significant changes in the bio-oil composition with increasing PS content. The yields of MAHs and PAHs increased, while aliphatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds decreased. At a CP5PS5 ratio, MAHs increased to 67.09 %, PAHs increased to 30.22 %, oxygen-containing compounds dropped to 2.05 %, and nitrogen-containing compounds became undetectable. Co-pyrolysis of algae with PS provides a simple, effective, and scalable approach for upgrading bio-oil quality while simultaneously contributing to the management of plastic waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}