Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"A review of the generation technology, combustion modulation and reaction mechanism of O2(a1Δg) non-thermal plasma","authors":"Qing Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Pan ,&nbsp;Xinmin Wang ,&nbsp;Huaiyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Shuang Wu ,&nbsp;Zhongyuan Hu ,&nbsp;Chunxia Jia ,&nbsp;Da Cui ,&nbsp;Jingru Bai ,&nbsp;Shuo Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Singlet oxygen (O₂(a¹Δg)), the first electronically excited singlet state of molecular oxygen, exhibits high reactivity due to its unique electron spin configuration. Its ability to introduce high-energy electron states into fuel combustion reactions makes it a promising technology in combustion science. In this paper, the research progress of O₂(a¹Δg) combustion assisted technology is comprehensively reviewed. Firstly, the basic physicochemical properties of O₂(a¹Δg) and the respective advantages and disadvantages of various excitation device production and detection methods are introduced. Then, the impact of how O₂(a¹Δg) affects the optimisation of various parameters of ignition and combustion assistance during the combustion process is highlighted. The kinetic mechanisms and molecular simulation studies of the involvement of O₂(a¹Δg) in chain reactions and chain initiation are investigated. Finally, gaps in O₂(a¹Δg) fuelled combustion are presented to provide ideas for the direction of future efforts in research. Although the concentration and stability of O₂(a¹Δg) are potentially risky, it can be effectively controlled by improving the coupling of novel combustion devices adapted to O₂(a¹Δg) with new technologies and researching new chemical catalysts. Therefore, O₂(a¹Δg)-assisted combustion is a key technology for solving combustion problems in the future. Using O₂(a¹Δg) as a novel oxidant for combustion, further catalytic combustion assisting and new reaction pathways are formed to solve the problems of ignition, steady combustion and burnout of fuels, with a view to wider technological applications, maturation and expansion of O₂(a¹Δg) in the future in the field of promoting the combustion science of different fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102256"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing catalytic activity and sulfur resistance of Fe- or Ce-modified Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts for NH3-SCR in diesel exhaust system","authors":"Junheng Liu ,&nbsp;Shengyue Xiong ,&nbsp;Jianyu Du ,&nbsp;Zhancheng Dou ,&nbsp;Feng Chen ,&nbsp;Chengcheng Ao ,&nbsp;Qian Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite catalyst was synthesized via ion-exchange method, followed by Fe or Ce incorporation to improve catalytic activity and sulfur resistance for NH₃-SCR. The synthesized catalysts were evaluated by the tests of NH₃-SCR activity before and after sulfur poisoning process, along with various characterizations, including XRD, ICP-OES, BET, XPS, H₂-TPR and <em>in</em>-<em>situ</em> DRIFTS. The results demonstrate that the modified catalysts exhibit a broadened operation temperature window and superior sulfur resistance compared to Cu-SSZ-13, especially Fe-modified catalyst. The introduction of Fe or Ce can reduce the structural stability of Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst, which leads to the substitution of some weakly adsorbed Cu²⁺ ions with Fe or Ce ions in the CHA framework. The charge transfer between Fe/Ce and Cu ions effectively enhances the redox performance of the catalyst, but the partial substitution of Cu²⁺ ions in the 8 MR of Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst with Fe or Ce ions results in a slight decline in low-temperature activity. The incorporation of Fe mitigates sulfur poisoning on Cu active sites by modifying the composition of sulfate species, thereby improving the sulfur resistance of the Fe-modified catalyst. Ce modification promotes Cu⁺ reduction at lower temperatures, enhancing high-temperature activity. Compared with Fe/Cu-F, the content of Cu ions in Ce/Cu-F is 11.9 % higher, indicating Ce/Cu-F contains more active Cu. In addition, <em>in</em>-<em>situ</em> DRIFTS shows that the prepared Fe/Cu-SSZ-13 follows mechanisms of Eley-Rideal to undergo NH₃-SCR reaction. In the Fe-modified catalyst system, synergetic Cu-Fe dual active sites are identified to enhance surface Lewis acidity, while Cu sites exhibit higher activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102262"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relations between MILD combustion and LTC strategies in diluted compression ignition conditions","authors":"Michał T. Lewandowski ,&nbsp;Zhongye Xue ,&nbsp;Corinna Schulze-Netzer ,&nbsp;Terese Løvås","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the applicability of the classical Moderate and Intense Low Oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion definition to identify combustion regimes under high-pressure conditions relevant to compression ignition (CI) engines. Using <em>n</em>-heptane as a diesel surrogate fuel, a novel methodology has been developed that combines an experimental campaign, Stochastic Reactor Model (SRM) simulations, and well-stirred reactor (WSR) modeling to analyze Low-Temperature Combustion (LTC) strategies under both idealized and engine-relevant conditions. Initially, WSR simulations with detailed chemistry were used to generate <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>in</mi></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> maps, analyzing the effects of pressure, dilution, and equivalence ratio on combustion regimes. The results show that elevated pressure lowers self-ignition temperature (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>si</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), while increased dilution and lean mixtures promote flattening of the S-curve, facilitating the transition to the MILD regime. However, satisfying the MILD criterion <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>T</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>si</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> becomes increasingly difficult under high-pressure conditions, requiring higher levels of dilution and inlet temperature. Low-temperature oxidation (LTO) was found to enhance pre-ignition behavior when <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>si</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> exceeded approximately 525 K, with a more pronounced effect at elevated pressures. The SRM, calibrated against CFD-supported experimental data of the PCCI regime, was then used to replicate realistic in-cylinder conditions of both PCCI and HCCI, and to refine WSR input parameters. The comparative analysis revealed that HCCI enables LTC at lower oxygen dilution levels compared to PCCI, emphasizing the importance of mixture homogeneity and pre-ignition chemistry. The observed reduction in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>WSR</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> at high pressures across varying oxygen concentrations is consistent with the primary goal of LTC strategies-minimizing NO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions. Overall, this work demonstrates the limitations of idealized homogeneous reactors in identifying MILD regimes under realistic conditions and highlights the value of incorporating advanced yet computationally feasible reactor models, such as SRM, for regime mapping and emissions analysis in practical engine applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-combustion characteristics of ammonia and ethanol: A combined ReaxFF-MD and DFT study","authors":"Minghao Xu ,&nbsp;Jifan Li ,&nbsp;Ming Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Zhang ,&nbsp;Luyang Chen ,&nbsp;Hua Wang ,&nbsp;Rong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia (NH₃), as a \"carbon-free\" hydrogen energy carrier, is an excellent alternative to traditional fuels. It can improve combustion efficiency when co-burning with ethanol (C₂H₅OH). However, the research on the co-combustion characteristics of these two substances at the microscopic level is still incomplete. Therefore, the methods of ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory are adopted to explore the combustion mechanisms of NH₃ and C₂H₅OH. The calculation results show that C₂H₅OH first pyrolyzes thermally to generate free radicals such as <strong>·</strong>OH and <strong>·</strong>H, which promotes the oxidation of NH₃ through a series of hydrogen abstraction reactions. Among them, the <strong>·</strong>OH free radical obtains a kinetic advantage with its lowest energy barrier, thus playing a major role in promoting the oxidation of NH₃. During the oxidation process, the amino group generates a variety of different intermediate products with the transfer of nitrogen elements, such as HNO, NH, and N₂H₄. The alkyl radicals <strong>·</strong>CH₃ and <strong>·</strong>C₂H₅ mainly participate in the subsequent cyanidation reaction with <strong>·</strong>NH₂ and finally generate HCN. These findings provide mechanistic insights that support kinetic model development and nitrogen-species control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102258"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emission and transformation of various pollutants during coal-ammonia combustion in fluidized bed: CO/CO2/CxHy/NH3/NOx/SO2/Hg","authors":"Shilin Zhao,&nbsp;Jingxuan Ma,&nbsp;Dan Li,&nbsp;Yanhong Zhu,&nbsp;Lei Liu,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal-ammonia combustion is a hot coal combustion technology for achieving carbon emission reduction, which lacks systematic studies on the combustion in fluidized beds. In this work, the effects of combustion temperature, ammonia doping amount, and excess air ratio on the emission and transformation of various pollutants (CO, CO₂, C_xH_y, NH₃, NOx, SO₂, Hg) of Guizhou anthracite with ammonia combustion were studied on a bubbling fluidized bed. It shows 850 °C is the optimal combustion temperature for the Guizhou anthracite, which achieving the complete combustion of carbon in coal and combustible carbon compounds in flue gas with the highest CO₂ concentration. Increasing the ammonia doping amount benefits for reducing the concentrations of CO₂, C_xH_y, SO₂, NOx in flue gas and mercury content in fly ash, but increasing that of NH₃, H₂O, Hg⁰ in the flue gas. 20 % is the optimal ammonia doping amount. Increasing the excess air ratio is beneficial to the co-combustion of coal and ammonia, where the concentrations of CO, C_xH_y, H₂O, SO₂, and NO₂ in the flue gas gradually decrease with opposite pattern to CO₂. The concentrations of NOx, NO, Hg⁰ in flue gas and the mercury content in the fly ash firstly increase and then decrease. The 1.2 is the optimal excess air ratio. Combustion temperature, ammonia doping amount, and excess air ratio affect the migration and transformation of various pollutants in the flue gas mainly through influencing the combustion state of coal and ammonia, the carbon content on fly ash surface, and the redox atmosphere of gas-gas/gas-solid reactions. Combustion temperature of 850 °C, ammonia doping content of 20 %, and excess air ratio of 1.2 are the optimal combustion conditions for coal-ammonia in a bubbling fluidized bed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102257"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of functional groups during in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal using synchrotron infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Tao Xu,&nbsp;Yurui Lei,&nbsp;Jie Chen,&nbsp;Yongping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The key dissociation mechanism for optimizing the tar yield and conversion efficiency of tar-rich coal pyrolysis lies in the evolution of functional groups during the thermochemical process. This study utilizes synchrotron infrared spectroscopy to explore the evolution of functional groups during the pyrolysis of tar-rich coal, in conjunction with thermogravimetric experiments, to clarify the influence of pyrolysis stages on these functional groups. Results show that at low temperatures (100–250 °C), most functional groups remain stable, with -OH group cleavage initiating at 200 °C. In the medium-temperature range (250–500 °C), functional groups such as C=O, C-O-C, and C=C exhibit accelerated decomposition starting from 300 °C. NH group cleavage significantly intensifies between 350 and 400 °C, while -CH₃ and -CH₂ groups show marked breakdown beyond 400 °C. At higher temperatures (500–700 °C), continued decomposition of -CH₃, C-O, and = C-H groups occurs, becoming nearly undetectable above 600 °C. These findings offer fundamental insights into the transformations of functional groups that govern tar formation and volatile release, providing essential data for refining pyrolysis processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102259"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of intake boundary conditions on the performance for diesel particulate filter coated with selective catalytic oxidation-selective catalytic reduction catalyst","authors":"Ying-Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Pi-Qiang Tan ,&nbsp;Chao-Jie Yao ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Kuo Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Mei Yang ,&nbsp;Di-Ming Lou ,&nbsp;Zhi-Yuan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diesel particulate filter coated with selective catalytic oxidation and reduction (SCO/SCR) catalysts (SDPF) plays a crucial role in meeting increasingly escalating emission regulations. The SCO-SCR catalyst coated on SDPF (n-SDPF) exhibits improved performance in both soot oxidation and NOx reduction compared with SDPF coated with Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst. Intake boundary conditions are essential for n-SDPF performance. A multiphysics model was constructed to quantitatively evaluate the effect of various operating parameters on soot oxidation behavior and NOx conversion efficiency. Results indicate that higher gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and ammonia-to-NOx ratio (ANR), combined with a lower NO₂/NOx ratio, lead to a rose pressure drop across the soot cake layer. Increasing GHSV or ANR can enhance NH₃ oxidation and inhibit NO oxidation. Reducing GHSV or increasing ANR can increase N₂O emissions; NO₂/NOx has little effect on NH₃ oxidation, increasing NO₂/NOx will significantly inhibit NO oxidation and promote N₂O generation. A reduction in GHSV or an increase in the ANR markedly enhances NOx reduction performance. However, a higher NO₂/NOx ratio slightly decreases the NOx conversion efficiency, likely owing to the suppression of NO oxidation and the predominance of the slow SCR reaction. Moreover, increasing GHSV shifts the temperature corresponding to the peak NOx conversion efficiency toward a higher range. Changing ANR and NO₂/NOx will not affect the temperature with the highest NOx conversion efficiency. Reducing GHSV and ANR, or increasing NO₂/NOx can improve soot oxidation efficiency. This study explored the coupling relationship between intake conditions and catalytic reactions, providing a theoretical basis for the application of novel catalysts and optimizing the working conditions of n-SDPF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102247"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in hydrodeoxygenation catalysts for upgrading the renewable bio-oils to second-generation biodiesel","authors":"Yongzheng Duan ,&nbsp;Shaotian Qi ,&nbsp;Cunhui Lin ,&nbsp;Kun Chen ,&nbsp;Rujin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the rising energy crisis and greenhouse effects have driven wide spread adoption of biofuels as promising alternatives to fossil fuels. However, first-generation biodiesel produced by transesterification exhibit inherent limitations, including high oxygen content, poor stability, and low calorific value. In this context, second-generation biodiesel produced through hydrodeoxygenation processes demonstrate a distinct advantage of being drop-in ready for existing fuel infrastructure. The recent research focuses on hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalysts. This review systematically examines recent advances in HDO catalysts for bio-oil upgrading, focusing on three key aspects of the catalysts: the active phase, the support, and the promoter. We critically evaluate traditional sulfide catalysts and emerging sulfur-free alternatives, highlighting their deoxygenation efficiency, and stability challenges. In addition, prospects on catalyst design strategies, such as MOFs as supports and defect engineering in catalyst design, are discussed to guide the development of cost-effective and sustainable HDO systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102246"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of bimetallic catalysts and mesoporous supports in enhancing product selectivity in lignin hydrogenolysis and catalyst stability","authors":"Mohammad Ibrahim,&nbsp;Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research into the catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin focuses mainly on model compounds, leaving the process and mechanism of actual lignin hydrogenolysis ambiguous. There is limited exploration of the internal chemical bonding and degradation pathways of lignin, with concurrent hydrogenolysis and recondensation processes posing a significant challenge. Preventing repolymerization of lignin fragments during the reaction remains challenging, and some described reaction processes in existing literature are purely theoretical speculations, lacking substantial evidence. Additionally, separation and purification of the resulting chemicals remain extremely difficult. To overcome these confines, research on bimetallic catalysts is needed, with the role of supports into consideration. The catalyst support provides better stability for the active sites, selectivity, increased surface area, and better thermal/mechanical stability for the chosen catalyst. The synergistic effect of bimetallic catalysts will lead us to higher activity, selectivity, and stability. The characteristics of mesoporous support, such as suppression of repolymerization, increased surface area, enhanced catalytic activity, controlled product selectivity, and well-ordered pore structure, make them a better choice for lignin hydrogenolysis. This review focuses on the past findings using single metal catalysts and moving to the latest effective findings using bimetallic catalysts and mesoporous support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102244"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning prediction of biochar structure stability and adsorption efficiency based on biomass characteristics and aging factors","authors":"Wei Liao ,&nbsp;Xiong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruochen Yang ,&nbsp;Haiping Yang ,&nbsp;Jia Wang ,&nbsp;Honggang Ding ,&nbsp;Shihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanping Chen ,&nbsp;Jianchun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the biochar aging process can effectively reduce the costs of water and soil remediation while minimizing secondary pollution. Because of the heterogeneity of soil contamination and local climatic conditions, a machine learning framework was developed to circumvent repetitive experimentation and prolonged testing cycles. In this study, a multi-layer nested model was constructed to capture the complex interactions among multiple factors and improve predictive performance. The influences of modeling strategies and database construction on prediction accuracy were systematically evaluated, elucidating the coupling between the physicochemical properties of biochar and aging factors, and subsequently validated against experimental observations. The results revealed three main findings: (1) the random forest model exhibited superior predictive capability for biochar aging, achieving feature correlations of 0.90–0.99 and experimental R² values of 0.80–0.96; (2) biochar structural stability was optimized when carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen contents were maintained at 60–80 %, 10–30 %, and 4–6 %, respectively; and (3) adsorption performance displayed a unimodal trend during coupled freeze–thaw and dry–wet cycles, peaking at 35–40 and 25–35 cycles, respectively, and was further enhanced by adjusting pH, ash content, and elemental ratios. These insights offer valuable guidance for designing and applying biochar in sustainable environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102245"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}