Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Hydrogen production from methane dry reforming on coke-resistant Pr-doped Co/mesoporous alumina catalysts","authors":"Bui T. Thu-Thao ,&nbsp;Ngoc-Dung Lai ,&nbsp;Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar ,&nbsp;Tan Ji Siang ,&nbsp;Thuy-Phuong T. Pham ,&nbsp;Natarajan Rajamohan ,&nbsp;Shams Forruque Ahmed ,&nbsp;G. Abdulkareem-Alsultan ,&nbsp;Aishah Abdul Jalil ,&nbsp;Mohammad Yusuf ,&nbsp;Dai-Viet N. Vo","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry reforming of methane, DRM is largely recognized as a promising route for generating H₂ energy to substitute fossil fuels. In this work, the promotional effect of praseodymium dopant (0-7 wt %) on the performance and coking resistance of mesoporous alumina (MA)-dispersed Co catalysts was investigated at a stoichiometric DRM feed composition and 650–750 °C. Pr promotion considerably reduced Co₃O₄ crystal dimension from 16.8 to 7.8 nm and 5Pr10Co/MA possessed the smallest Co₃O₄ crystallite size. The total basic site concentration was boosted with Pr addition from 66.8 to 169.7 μmol CO₂ <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>. Stable CH₄ conversion with time-on-stream was evidenced on Pr-promoted catalysts (1 %-5 %Pr) because of enhancing basic site concentration and CO₂ adsorption. Notably, 5Pr10Co/MA achieved the greatest CH₄ (90.91 %) and CO₂ (82.13 %) conversions at 700 °C and exhibited the highest coke resistance with the least carbon deposition percentage (0.87 %) and carbon formation rate (2.42 × 10⁻⁵ <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mspace></mspace><msubsup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span> min⁻¹) owing to the smallest Co₃O₄ crystallite size, oxygen vacancy and redox attributes. An enhancement in H₂ yield from 52.52 % to 87.94 % was evidenced on 5Pr10Co/MA with rising temperature from 650 to 750 °C. The two-step mechanism for coke suppression triggered by a redox PrO₂/Pr₂O₃ pair was also elaborated in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102116"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-pyrolysis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and polystyrene: kinetics and product distributions","authors":"Dezhi Kong ,&nbsp;Susu Wang ,&nbsp;Yuqi Wang ,&nbsp;Haitao Chen ,&nbsp;Qiangu Yan ,&nbsp;Yijiang Gong ,&nbsp;Rui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co-pyrolysis of algae with polystyrene (PS) offers a promising and efficient approach to enhancing the quality of algae-derived bio-oil. This study investigated the thermal decomposition behavior, activation energy, and product distribution during the co-pyrolysis of <em>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</em> (CP) and PS. Thermal decomposition behavior was analyzed using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at heating rates of 10–40 °C/min. The activation energies were calculated using the OFW, KAS, and STK methods. Product distributions were examined using Py-GC/MS at 600 °C. TGA results revealed that the co-pyrolysis of CP and PS proceeded through four stages. Increasing CP proportions shifted pyrolysis temperatures toward higher values. The addition of PS significantly reduced the apparent activation energy, with the strongest positive synergistic effect at a CP5PS5 ratio. The average apparent activation energies for CP5PS5 were 180, 179, and 179 kJ/mol, as determined by the OFW, KAS, and STK methods, respectively. Py-GC/MS analysis revealed significant changes in the bio-oil composition with increasing PS content. The yields of MAHs and PAHs increased, while aliphatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds decreased. At a CP5PS5 ratio, MAHs increased to 67.09 %, PAHs increased to 30.22 %, oxygen-containing compounds dropped to 2.05 %, and nitrogen-containing compounds became undetectable. Co-pyrolysis of algae with PS provides a simple, effective, and scalable approach for upgrading bio-oil quality while simultaneously contributing to the management of plastic waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on decoupling of in-cylinder combustion process of diesel/ammonia dual fuel engine","authors":"Li Ruina ,&nbsp;Liu Feifan ,&nbsp;Yang Dahai ,&nbsp;Hu Quan ,&nbsp;Yue Hua ,&nbsp;Meng Yang ,&nbsp;Liu Shuai","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia molecules contain no carbon atoms, which is a kind of clean fuel for diesel engines. The dual-fuel mode, combining ammonia and diesel, is an effective way for ammonia used in diesel engine, which complicates the combustion process. In order to decouple the combustion of diesel and ammonia, a bench test was conducted at 2700 rpm and 75 % load, and the in-cylinder pressure and instantaneous heat release at ammonia substitution rates of 0 %, 10 %, and 20 % were measured and analyzed. In addition, a combustion process model for ammonia and diesel fuel was developed, and a method for decoupling combustion characteristics based on consistent starting time of heat release was proposed. The results indicated that in the dual-fuel combustion mode (diesel/ammonia), the heat release curve was changed from a single peak to a double peak. The addition of ammonia reduced the pre-premixed heat release ratio, leading to a decrease in the peak instantaneous heat release rate and an extension of the combustion duration. As the ammonia substitution rate increased, the rate of ammonia consumption at the same crankshaft angle was significantly reduced. The burned mass center of ammonia (M50-NH₃) was delayed by 4.2°CA, and the amount of unburned ammonia escaping was increased. After ammonia was added, the combustion area in the cylinder was extended toward the combustion chamber wall, and the high-temperature area in the center of the combustion chamber was decreased. With the increase in ammonia substitution rate, NH₂+NO₂=H₂NO + NO became the most sensitive reaction, which was the main reaction that promoted ammonia combustion. The maximum ammonia substitution rate was 40 % at the maximum torque condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102106"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared imaging for two-dimensional soot and temperature measurements in laminar premixed and non-premixed flames","authors":"Jiwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Lei Xu ,&nbsp;Jianguo Du ,&nbsp;Liuhao Ma ,&nbsp;Yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spectral soot emission (SSE) is an effective flame imaging technique for retrieving soot and temperature field. Currently, the application of SSE is focused on the visible to near-infrared range, but the accuracy is strongly related to the complex wavelength-dependence of soot absorption function of <em>E</em>(<em>m</em>)_λ. Our previous study in a premixed flat flame has demonstrated high-fidelity SSE measurements by using an <em>infrared</em> spectral range. Here, we extend previous work to investigate, for the first time, the reliability of SSE-based infrared imaging for <em>two-dimensional</em> temperature measurements in both premixed flat flames and non-premixed coflow flames. The performance of SSE measurements within different wavelength ranges have been evaluated through a cross-comparison with other established techniques and with numerical predictions. It is found that SSE measurements using wavelength in the infrared range of 1100–1400 nm could provide more reliable temperature results in both premixed and non-premixed flames, showing improved accuracy than the visible-SSE measurements in the spectral range of 660–905 nm. The reason could be correlated to the weak (strong) sensitivity of <em>E</em>(<em>m</em>)_λ to spectral variation in the infrared (visible) region, as inferred from the parallel <em>two-dimensional</em> extinction-based soot measurements at different wavelengths of 660–1400 nm. The present study demonstrates the benefits of infrared imaging for accurate extinction-based soot and SSE-based temperature measurements. The results are expected to guide the development of accurate and cost-effective two-dimensional SSE-pyrometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102111"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combustion characteristics in a diesel engine running on a diesel fuel produced by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process from lignite","authors":"Mersin Hürpekli ,&nbsp;Ahmet Necati Özsezen","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel produced by the liquefaction synthesis of lignite mined in Türkiye was used as an alternative to conventional diesel and its combustion and emission characteristics were observed. The fuel injection timing was also varied on a diesel engine running on FT diesel and petrol-based diesel to evaluate the effect of fuel injection timing. The findings indicated that the initiation and completion of combustion occurred earlier with FT diesel compared to petroleum-based diesel, resulting in elevated in-cylinder gas temperatures. The advancement of injection timing was observed to enhance the engine's knock tendency for both fuels, while the retardation of injection timing exhibited a mitigating effect on engine knock. The findings indicate that the combination of FT diesel with injection strategies has the potential to reduce emissions of total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and soot by 50 %, 48.7 %, 7.8 %, and 50 %, respectively, while only experiencing a slight power reduction of up to 4.6 %. The analysis of its fuel properties, combustion characteristics, knock tendency, and emissions performance indicates that FT diesel is a viable alternative fuel for diesel engines without the necessity for modifications to engine systems. It is also worth noting that the use of FT diesel can lead to a reduction in knock tendency through the optimization of fuel injection strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102115"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-assisted chemical looping gasification of lignite coal for CO-rich syngas production","authors":"Guoping Li,&nbsp;Wenming Fu,&nbsp;Wenke Zhao,&nbsp;Yaning Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical looping gasification (CLG) is a promising technology for the green conversion of coal, due to advantages such as enhanced CO₂ capture capacity, high resource utilization, and minimal environmental pollution, among others. In this study, microwave-assisted lignite CLG was investigated with Fe₃O₄ as the oxygen carrier, and the gasification performance was evaluated under different Fe₃O₄: lignite mass ratios (2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, and 6:1) and microwave powers (560, 660, 760, 860, and 960 W). The results showed that the CO yield initially rose and then fell as the Fe₃O₄ to lignite mass ratio increased, with the 5:1 ratio yielding the highest CO. Similarly, the CO yield first rose and then fell with increasing microwave power, reaching its peak at 860 W. The maximum values of CO yield, syngas yield, and carbon conversion reached 17.04 mmol/g lignite, 78.20 %, and 46.07 %, respectively, under the conditions of a 5: 1 Fe₃O₄: lignite mass ratio and 860 W microwave power. These results indicate that the microwave-assisted approach has great potential to improve the efficiency of lignite CLG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102108"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the enhanced role of Ni-La2O2CO3 for low-temperature dry reforming of methane","authors":"Huayu Qiu ,&nbsp;Zhiliang Ou ,&nbsp;Kang Hui Lim ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Song ,&nbsp;Claudia Li ,&nbsp;Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Hangjia Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Huang ,&nbsp;Jingyu Ran ,&nbsp;Sibudjing Kawi","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lanthanum oxycarbonate (La₂O₂CO₃) is traditionally considered an intermediate in Ni-La₂O₃ catalyzed dry reforming of methane (DRM), but its direct application has been limited. This study investigates the catalytic properties of Ni-La₂O₃ (Ni-LO) and Ni-La₂O₂CO₃ (Ni-LOC) to understand their performance in low-temperature DRM (≤600 °C, LTDRM). Our study shows that under LTDRM conditions, Ni-LOC offers a larger specific surface area and increased electron cloud density around Ni, enhancing CH₄ activation. The absence of strong basic sites prevents carbon formation from the Boudouard reaction and stronger metal-support interaction enhances carbon resistances. Consequently, Ni-LOC exhibits CH₄ and CO₂ conversions of 30.8 % and 40.9 %, respectively, with lower carbon deposition than Ni-LO (4.92 % vs. 9.68 % weight loss). This study not only clarifies the mechanism of La₂O₂CO₃ in LTDRM but also offers insights into designing catalysts with improved resistance to coking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102110"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized hydrogen production via dry methane reforming with Ni/Al2O3 catalysts modified by cobalt and Boron: A design of experiments approach for enhanced performance","authors":"Yuri K.R.O. Silva ,&nbsp;Dulce M.A. Melo ,&nbsp;Fernando V. Maziviero ,&nbsp;Rodolfo L.B.A. Medeiros ,&nbsp;Joyce C.A. Silva ,&nbsp;Amanda L. Azevedo ,&nbsp;Tomaz R. Araújo ,&nbsp;Renata M. Braga","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, seven catalysts were designed, synthesized, and evaluated using the Design of Experiments (DOE) approach. The catalysts included one nickel (Ni) catalyst as a standard, two Ni catalysts promoted with boron trioxide (B₂O₃), two bimetallic catalysts in Ni-Cobalt (Co) systems, and two bimetallic catalysts also promoted with B₂O₃, all supported on γ-alumina. The γ-alumina support was synthesized via the microwave-assisted combustion method, while the metals and non-metallic promoter were incorporated using incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), physisorption of N₂ and Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR). Activation was performed at 700 °C for 1 h under hydrogen (H₂) flow. Catalytic performance was tested in a fixed-bed quartz reactor coupled with a gas chromatograph over 12 h at a space velocity of 96 L g⁻¹ h⁻¹. Carbon formation was analyzed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy, revealing a lower degree of crystalline carbon with a disorder index of 1.29 in the sample containing the highest B₂O₃ content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) quantified the reduction in carbon production by up to 57.7 %, demonstrating that B₂O₃ significantly reduced coke deposition. The results indicate that the catalysts with all three components exhibited high stability, enhanced catalytic activity, and minimized coke formation. A cubic special predictive model, with an Fcalculated/Ftabulated ratio of 41.12, demonstrated high statistical significance as confirmed by the Fisher test.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102101"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-pyrolysis of waste office paper and high-density polyethylene: product distribution, kinetics and reaction mechanism","authors":"Chunxiang Yang ,&nbsp;Chengyu Li ,&nbsp;Huiyu Liu ,&nbsp;Rui Shan ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoran Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the thermal behaviors and kinetics of waste office paper (WP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) during co-pyrolysis. The co-pyrolysis of HDPE and WP exhibited significant synergistic effects, characterized by reduced activation energy, optimized product distribution, and increased yield of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Specifically, the activation energy for co-pyrolysis was reduced by up to 20.2 % at a HDPE-to-WP mass ratio of 1:2, in comparison with that of individual pyrolysis. Acid and alkali pretreatments of WP further improved the co-pyrolysis product distribution, where acid pretreatment effectively removed hemicellulose and lignin and promoted the formation of short-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (C ≤ 10). In comparison, the alkali pretreatment facilitated the generation of long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (C &gt; 20). The plausible reaction mechanism for co-pyrolysis transformation of WP with HDPE was also proposed in detail. This study provides theoretical support and technical guidance for the co-disposal of waste office paper and HDPE, and offers insights for the industrial application of co-pyrolysis transformation of biomass with waste plastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102105"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the combustion and emission characteristics of an ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel opposed rotary piston engine","authors":"Zhonghui Fu ,&nbsp;Jian Gao ,&nbsp;Jianbing Gao ,&nbsp;Shoujun Ren ,&nbsp;Yunxi Shi ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Wang ,&nbsp;Yufeng Wang ,&nbsp;Jilong Song ,&nbsp;Mingxu Qi ,&nbsp;Guohong Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The opposed rotary piston (ORP) engine is distinguished by its compact architecture as well as elevated power density, making it an optimal power source for vehicles in the future. In this numerical investigation, the performance of an ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel (AHDF) ORP engine with different ammonia energy ratio and ignition timing is investigated. The engine speed of the naturally aspirated ORP engine studied is 1000 r/min, with the ammonia energy ratio set at 85 %, 75 %, 65 %, and 55 %, respectively. The simulation results indicate that ammonia energy ratio and ignition timing are contributing factors to the behaviour of the AHDF ORP engine. The decline of ammonia energy ratio and advance of ignition result in an elevated in-cylinder pressure, which also brings about an enhance in heat release rate and fuel mass burn fraction. The ORP engine performance shows that the performance indicators improve with the reduction of ammonia energy ratio and the earliness of ignition timing. Nitrogen oxides emissions reduce with the ignition timing being brought forward. The AHDF ORP engine achieves a peak indicated power of 11.90 kW and an optimum efficiency of 38.59 % with relatively low NO_<em>x</em> emissions at 65 % ammonia ratio and −10 °CA ignition timing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102100"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}