Liqiang Zhang , Ningmin Zhu , Yuxiang Liu , Jinfeng Yuan , Kai Chen , Honglei Shi , Riyi Lin
{"title":"Study on the two-stage co-pyrolysis characteristics of Marine waste poypropylene and Enteromorpha","authors":"Liqiang Zhang , Ningmin Zhu , Yuxiang Liu , Jinfeng Yuan , Kai Chen , Honglei Shi , Riyi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A thermogravimetric analyzer and a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor were utilized to investigate the two-stage co-pyrolysis characteristics of mixed waste polypropylene (PP) and enteromorpha (EP). The thermogravimetric characteristics, kinetics, and synergistic effects were analyzed. The influence of temperature on the product distribution of the two-stage co-pyrolysis of PP and EP was elucidated. The results indicated a significant synergistic effect between EP and PP at 200–500 °C, with the pyrolysis reaction mechanism identified as a phase transition boundary reaction. Compared to the single-stage co-pyrolysis, the two-stage co-pyrolysis increased the yield of pyrolysis oil. As the first-stage pyrolysis temperature increased, the total oil yield of two-stage co-pyrolysis initially rose and then declined, peaking at 40.25 % at 550 °C. The aromatic content of the oil from the second stage was significantly higher than that from the first stage and the single-stage co-pyrolysis. Increasing the first-stage pyrolysis temperature enhanced the aromatic content while reduced the oxygen and nitrogen compound contents. Additionally, increasing the first-stage pyrolysis temperature promoted the cracking of volatiles, resulting in more gas products, with a notable increase in CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> content. The char yield decreased, while the degree of aromatization and densification of the char was enhanced by the higher first-stage pyrolysis temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102000"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haibo Wu , Yu Wang , Yi Liu , Shuai Guo , Zhaoping Zhong
{"title":"Experimental and simulation study of flue gas desulfurization using the limestone-gypsum wet method under an oxygen-enriched combustion atmosphere","authors":"Haibo Wu , Yu Wang , Yi Liu , Shuai Guo , Zhaoping Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to explore the optimization of wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) under oxy-fuel combustion conditions. To this end, an experimental platform for wet desulfurization using limestone-gypsum in oxy-fuel combustion flue gas was constructed. The effects of gas velocity, liquid-to-gas ratio, slurry pH, and inlet SO<sub>2</sub> concentration on desulfurization efficiency were investigated. Experimental results, along with numerical simulations using Aspen Plus, indicated that as gas velocity and inlet SO<sub>2</sub> concentration increased, the desulfurization efficiency decreased. In contrast, an increase in the liquid-to-gas ratio and slurry pH helped improve the desulfurization efficiency, particularly in high CO<sub>2</sub> (60–90 %) atmospheres, where the impact of pH on desulfurization efficiency was more significant. Further analysis showed that CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and pH had no significant effect on the particle size or morphology of gypsum crystals. This research provides a theoretical foundation for wet desulfurization technology under oxy-fuel combustion conditions and offers practical guidance for its application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 101999"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Na Li , Ruifang Wang , Chenhao Ren , Limin Hou , Kunling Jiao , Wenfei Wu , Zhiyu Zhang
{"title":"NH3-SCR performance and mechanism of Mn-Fe-doped SO42--CeCO3F-CePO4 catalysts: Effect of Mn-Fe-Ce synergy and sulfuric acid concentration","authors":"Na Li , Ruifang Wang , Chenhao Ren , Limin Hou , Kunling Jiao , Wenfei Wu , Zhiyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) were integrated as active elements onto the surface of the pre-acidified CeCO<sub>3</sub>F-CePO<sub>4</sub> catalyst using sulfuric acid through the impregnation method. The study examined the impact of the doping sequence of iron and manganese and sulfuric acid acidification on the catalyst's performance. It was determined that the catalyst, with an iron-first and then manganese doping sequence (Fe: Mn = 2: 10) and a sulfuric acid concentration of 1 mol/L (10%Mn–2%Fe/SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>-CeCO<sub>3</sub>F-CePO<sub>4</sub>), exhibited optimal reactivity. The denitration efficiency consistently exceeded 94 % in the temperature of 150 °C–400 °C, while the N₂ selectivity remained above 90 %. SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the prioritized doping of iron facilitated the dispersion of active substances on the catalyst surface, thereby enhancing the adsorption and activation of reaction gases. The improved reaction activity resulting from the preferential introduction of iron and sulfuric acid acidification was linked to the generation of a greater abundance of Ce<sup>3+</sup>, Mn<sup>4+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, and an increase in atomic adsorbed oxygen. DRIFTS results indicated that the NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR reaction primarily adhered to the L-H and E-R mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102003"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insight into the correlation between coke structure and coke thermal properties","authors":"Yueying Li , Xinni Zhao , Yuexin Qi , Hanwen Zhu , Joseph Appiah , Peng Yu , Xingxing Chen , Jianglong Yu , Jinxiao Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An in-depth study on the evolution of the chemical structure of coking coal during the coking process is of great significance for clean and efficient utilization of coal. In this study, five coal samples with different degrees of coal metamorphism were selected for the coking experiments. The synergistic evolution mechanism of the crosslinking and carbon structures of coking products in different temperature intervals were investigated by combining various characterization methods, and the structural parameters were correlated with the coke thermal properties. Changes in crosslinking density of coking products were measured via the swelling method, and the particulate coke reactivity (PCR) and postreaction strength (PRS) were measured. Results indicated that the crosslinking density gradually increased with increasing coking temperature and the carbon structure and crosslinking structure of coke were correlated with the coke thermal properties. Guanyintang and Matou coking coals with a high degree of metamorphism had low PCR and high PRS because the coke had more ordered lattice fringes with low mean tortuosity, which reduces the reactivity of coke with CO<sub>2</sub> at high temperatures and enhances the PSR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102002"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zixin Wang , Mingyuan Ye , Jiangping Tian , Huazhi Zhao , Mingqiang Liu , Liyan Feng
{"title":"Experimental research on the spray and particle characteristics of cylinder lubricating oil in low-speed two-stroke gas fuel engines","authors":"Zixin Wang , Mingyuan Ye , Jiangping Tian , Huazhi Zhao , Mingqiang Liu , Liyan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For low-speed two-stroke engines, cylinder lubricating oil is directly injected into the cylinder by the injectors located on the cylinder liner. This method of lubrication inevitably leads to the release of free oil droplets from the oil spray or their impact against the cylinder wall, creating potential auto-ignition sites that can induce pre-ignition within the cylinder. The high-viscosity of the cylinder oil can significantly influence the spray characteristics, necessitating an examination of the properties of the oil spray. This research delves into the macroscopic and microscopic attributes of the cylinder oil spray (with nozzle diameter of 0.7 mm) using both visualization experiments and laser Phase Doppler Particle Analysis (PDPA). Initially, we analyze the impact of oil temperature (ranging from 50 to 200 °C) and injection pressure (ranging from 4 to 8 MPa) on the spray cone angle and projection area. Subsequently, we explore the behavior of oil droplets upon striking the cylinder wall under varying conditions. Finally, the effects of oil temperature and injection pressure on the diameter and velocity of the spray particles are scrutinized. It is observed that the oil temperature is the primary factor. At 6 MPa injection pressure, the average values of the stable spray cone angle for 80 °C, 110 °C, 160 °C, and 200 °C are 4.23°, 6.09°, 8.61°, and 10.35°, respectively. As the temperature goes from 80 °C to 200 °C, the cone angle increases 145 %. Conversely, the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) decreases with rising oil temperature and injection pressure. The distribution pattern of particle diameters exhibits a bimodal pattern (35–40 μm and 70 μm), which is not affected by oil temperature and injection pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 101988"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanbin Zhang , Donghao Hou , Xiyue Sun , Xiaochao Zhu , Beibei Yan , Guanyi Chen
{"title":"Different pretreatment of biomass for gasification: A critical review","authors":"Yanbin Zhang , Donghao Hou , Xiyue Sun , Xiaochao Zhu , Beibei Yan , Guanyi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass presents inherent challenges, including high oxygen content, low energy density, and logistical difficulties in transportation and storage. Furthermore, it undergoes adverse reactions during pyrolysis and gasification, such as ash accumulation, slagging, and corrosion, which compromise equipment efficiency. To augment the efficiency of biomass utilization and elevate the yield and quality of gasification products, pretreatment is essential. Specifically, mechanical methods adjust biomass's energy density, whereas microwave processing disrupts its cell wall structure via microwave radiation, enhancing microstructure porosity and decreasing crystallinity. Chemical treatments, utilizing reagents such as acids, bases, deionized water, organic solvents, and ionic liquids, modify cellulose crystallinity, lignin structure, biomass ash content, and regulate alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) levels. Physicochemical methods leverage high temperature, pressure, and chemical reagents' synergistic effects to facilitate changes in physical and chemical structures, thereby improving pretreatment and gasification efficiency. Biological pretreatment employs microorganisms or metabolically produced enzymes to modify biomass's physicochemical structure, enhancing gas productivity and lower heating value (LHV) for subsequent gasification while significantly minimizing tar production. Given the diversity and complex components of biomass, and their varying effects on gasification, selecting appropriate pretreatment methods tailored to specific biomass types is critical. This article provides a comprehensive summary of pretreatment technologies preceding biomass gasification, detailing their mechanisms, advancements, merits, and drawbacks. It also projects future research directions for gasification pretreatment, offering a theoretical foundation and guidance for forthcoming biomass gasification studies and industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 101992"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pretreatments and model fitting to identify in-situ decomposition of fir wood constituents","authors":"Carmen Branca , Colomba Di Blasi","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-step devolatilization mechanisms of lignocellulosic material are generally based on the summative contributions of pseudo-components owning a mathematical character. Herein innovative five-step kinetics is proposed for fir wood, based on natural components (two steps for hemicellulose and lignin-extractives and one step for cellulose). Klason isolation and severe torrefaction provide samples rich in lignin and extractives. Also, hot water washing or washing followed by mild torrefaction reduces or eliminates the overlap between hemicellulose and cellulose decomposition. TG-DTG curves of untreated and pretreated fir wood are measured for several heating rates and subjected to kinetic analysis by a model fitting method to estimate the kinetic parameters. The predicted in-situ decomposition of natural components/mixtures exhibits dynamics and biochar yields different from those of commercial or isolated compounds, whose mutual bonds and chemico-physical properties are altered by invasive chemical pretreatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 101997"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongqiang Han, Yinlong Li, Jing Tian, Kechao Zhang, Haotian Ma
{"title":"Feasibility analysis of replacing benzene in gasoline with cyclohexane: Engine performance and emissions","authors":"Yongqiang Han, Yinlong Li, Jing Tian, Kechao Zhang, Haotian Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzene is highly toxic, and many countries are constantly updating their gasoline regulation to limit it further. It has been proven that cyclohexane can promote the generation of hydroxyl radicals and increase combustion velocity by dynamic coupling with aromatics. This paper aims to investigate the feasibility of replacing benzene in gasoline with cyclohexane, providing suggestions for researchers. The performance and emissions of pure gasoline, cyclohexane fuel, and trimethylbenzene fuel were investigated, and the fuel economy that affects market promotion was a priority consideration. Then, the combustion parameters, sensitive to brake specific fuel consumption, were analyzed based on the sensitivity analysis method. The results show that the power performance of cyclohexane fuel is not so different from pure gasoline and only about 3.7 % lower than 15 % trimethylbenzene fuel at 2600 rev/min. At 1800 rev/min, cyclohexane fuel has the lowest carbon monoxide emission, which is about 47.37 % lower than 15 % trimethylbenzene fuel; total hydrocarbon emissions are close to pure gasoline and about 8.32 % lower than 15 % trimethylbenzene fuel; nitrogen oxide emissions are slightly higher than pure gasoline and about 6.65 % higher than 15 % trimethylbenzene fuel. Cyclohexane fuel shows higher fuel efficiency with about 1 % economic cost savings, which is favorable for market promotion. Combustion parameters sensitive to brake specific fuel consumption are crank angle of 5 %, 50 %, and 90 % heat release and peak combustion pressure. Higher peak combustion pressure and shorter combustion duration of cyclohexane fuel due to the dynamic coupling effect of cyclohexane with aromatics enhances the combustion quality in gasoline engines and makes it possible for cyclohexane to replace benzene in gasoline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 101996"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoning Zhang , Buning Chen , Jianwei Wang , Yusheng Zhou , Xueli Huang , He Huang
{"title":"Influence of MoS2/TiO2 on the behavior of heavy oil hydrogenation and coke generation","authors":"Xiaoning Zhang , Buning Chen , Jianwei Wang , Yusheng Zhou , Xueli Huang , He Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high tolerance to feed oil makes slurry bed hydrocracking technology one of the main streams of research, but the relationship between hydrogenation and deactivation of slurry bed catalysts remains unclear. In this study, the distribution of vacuum residue (VR) hydrogenation products, coke generation, and catalyst deactivation patterns were analyzed using MoS<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> as the hydrogenation catalyst. With an increase in the reaction temperature or decrease in the hydrogen pressure, the cracking performance gradually improved, the hydrogenation saturation effect gradually weakened, and the oil-to-coke ratio (OCR) gradually decreased. This implies that the influence of the lightning effect from coke generation gradually increased. The conversion rate of VR to gasoline and diesel components is 3.8 times higher than the conversion rate to coke and gas. At lower temperatures, coke was dominated by graphitic carbon encapsulated on the catalyst surface. As the temperature increased, the content and lamellar diameter of graphitic carbon decreased, and the content of amorphous carbon increased. An increase in temperature also promoted the dealkylation reaction and coke condensation, resulting in a decrease in pyrolytic activity. VR hydrogenation was subjected to kinetic analysis, and a model for MoTi-5-catalyzed VR deactivation was developed using OCR to deduce the degree of contribution of coke generation to lightning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 101998"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wanchen Sun , Genan Zhu , Hao Zhang , Degang Li , Mengqi Jiang , Changyou Yu , Xiaonan Wang , Xiaoqin Zhang , Zhanguang Wang
{"title":"Optical diagnostic study of the effects of fuel properties on engine spray, mixing and combustion processes","authors":"Wanchen Sun , Genan Zhu , Hao Zhang , Degang Li , Mengqi Jiang , Changyou Yu , Xiaonan Wang , Xiaoqin Zhang , Zhanguang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.101994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clarifying the influence of fuel properties on engine operating processes is a critical technology reserve for future fuel-engine synergistic development. In this study, the in-cylinder spray, mixing, and combustion processes of fuels with various characteristics were investigated visually based on optical diagnostics including high-speed photography and fuel-tracer PLIF. The study sample included four types of China VI commercial diesel, two kinds of coal-to-liquid, aviation kerosene RP-3, diesel blended with 10 % biodiesel (B10), and two other fuels. An in-cylinder spray image segmentation method based on the U-Net deep neural network was also proposed in this study to improve the accuracy of spray feature calculation in the case of significant image confusion. The results show that the spray and mixing processes are mainly affected by the physical properties, such as kinematic viscosity, density, and volatility of the fuel, and the degree of influence of each property varies in different stages. For ignition and combustion processes, the proportion between premixed and diffusion combustion is determined by chemical properties such as cetane number and physical properties, resulting in different flame characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 101994"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}