Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Thermal conversion studies of lignin pyrolysis and the catalytic effect of fe: A reactive molecular dynamics study","authors":"Weiming Zhan ,&nbsp;Kejiang Li ,&nbsp;Zeng Liang ,&nbsp;Yushan Bu ,&nbsp;Zhen Sun ,&nbsp;Chunhe Jiang ,&nbsp;Jianliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shan Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lignin is one of the important components of biomass, and its pyrolysis process has been widely studied. The advantages of iron-based catalysts are their low cost, low environmental pollution, and the ability to extract and reuse from the system. However, research on the effect of metallic iron on lignin pyrolysis is limited. This study revealed the influence of iron on lignin pyrolysis process at the microscopic level through reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulation, while considering the influence of different temperatures. It was found that increasing the temperature can increase the production of H₂ and CO gases and improve the efficiency of lignin decomposition. In addition, the addition of catalyst iron can accelerate the decomposition of the benzene ring, making the lignin pyrolysis process deeper and more thorough, while increasing the production of H₂ and CO. The activation energy of the system was calculated and it was found that the addition of catalyst iron can significantly reduce the activation energy of lignin pyrolysis, proving the excellent catalytic effect of the catalyst. The catalytic pyrolysis strategy provided in this study, using iron as a catalyst to catalyze the pyrolysis process of lignin, can effectively utilize biomass resources in industrial production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101795"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Si/Al ratios for enhanced performance of β-zeolites in thermocatalytic cracking of crude oil to light olefins","authors":"Aliyu M. Alhassan ,&nbsp;Abdulkadir Tanimu ,&nbsp;Basiru O. Yusuf ,&nbsp;M. Abdul Bari Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Abdullah Aitani ,&nbsp;Khalid R. Alhooshani ,&nbsp;Saheed A. Ganiyu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The escalating demand for key petrochemicals, particularly ethylene and propylene, underscores the critical need for proficient catalysts in crude oil conversion processes. Attaining high propylene selectivity necessitates catalysts with superior adsorption capacity, thermal stability, moderate surface acidity, and pores large enough to facilitate the diffusion of larger crude oil molecules. In the present study, three different BEA Zeolites (<em>β</em>-zeolite) catalysts were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method and used for catalytic cracking of Arabian Light crude oil to produce valuable petrochemical products, such as propylene, ethylene, and naphtha. The catalysts were characterized using ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si NMR, NH₃-TPD, BET, XRD, TGA, FTIR, XRF, and FE-SEM. The thermocatalytic cracking of Arabian Light crude oil was evaluated in a fixed-bed microactivity test (MAT) unit between 550 and 600 °C. The as-prepared <em>β</em>-zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 50 exhibited better catalytic activity in the catalytic cracking of Arabian Light crude oil compared to counterparts with Si/Al ratios of 35 and 65, This superiority can be attributed to its optimal combination of surface acid site distribution, textural properties, surface morphology, and high adsorption capacity. The highest feed conversion (83.4 %) and selectivity to propylene (16.11 %) were attained using <em>β-</em>zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 50 at 600 °C. Importantly, our findings suggest that these catalysts hold significant potential, rivalling primary MFI catalysts like ZSM-5 commonly employed in similar reactions. This underscores their promise as catalysts of choice in the realm of catalytic cracking processes, paving the way for advancements in petrochemical production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101792"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation investigation on heating characteristics of catalysts under microwave irradiation for decomposition of waste plastic","authors":"Yongjie Li,&nbsp;Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Cai Liang,&nbsp;Xiaoping Chen,&nbsp;Daoyin Liu,&nbsp;Jiliang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microwave heating is a promising technique for heterogeneous catalytic reactions in plastic decomposition. The microwave-insensitive plastic material requires microwave-absorbing catalysts to facilitate catalytic-assisted decomposition and synergistic heating. However, the heating characteristics of catalyst particles within the microwave system is still unclear. In this study, the effects of particle size, particle arrangement direction, and particle shape on the microwave heating behavior of particles was investigated, and the model was experimentally validated and analyzed using infrared temperature data. The simulation results indicated that the heating rate increased as the particle size enlarged, with an average heating rate of 5.56 °C/s for the particle with a radius of 5 mm in comparison to 4.29 °C/s for that of 1 mm. Additionally, when particles were aligned parallel to the applied electric field, the electric field was intensely focused at the interparticle area, with a maximum electric field strength difference of 2.2 × 10⁴ V/m in the samples. In contrast, the horizontal placement resulted in reduced electric field intensity (4.7 × 10³ V/m) and lower temperatures (62 °C) near the areas adjacent to the particles compared to the maximum values in the particles. With respect to particle shape, cylindrical particles possessing larger aspect ratios exhibited superior heating performance due to the extended span of intraparticle microwave transmission aligned with the electric field direction but also resulted in increased thermal field distribution inhomogeneity. The research offers theoretical guidance to prevent catalyst sintering and promote microwave-assisted catalytic plastic decomposition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101794"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into improved SO2＆H2O resistance over MoCrCeOx catalyst by CTAB for medium-low temperatures NH3-SCR: Regulation of surface acid and oxygen species","authors":"Junge Yun ,&nbsp;Hanbing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Hu ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Ninghan Wei ,&nbsp;Xueying Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhangfa Tong ,&nbsp;Zhihang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective catalytic reduction (NH₃-SCR) of NH₃ is the most efficient NO_<em>x</em> removal technology. Improving the SO₂/H₂O resistance of SCR catalyst is of great importance for its industrial application. The Mo(0.3)-CrCeO_x catalysts synthesized by the citric acid method exhibited excellent high concentration SO₂ resistance but poor H₂O tolerance. In this work, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used to improve SO₂＆H₂O resistance over Mo(0.3)-CrCeO_x catalyst at medium-low temperatures. The mechanism of CTAB modification and the discrepancy to citric acid (CA) method were investigated. The results indicated that the CTAB catalyst had a large specific surface area, and was conducive to forming a specific structural strength. The enhancement of surface acidity of CTAB is the reason for the further enhancement of SCR activity. The regulation of hydroxyl oxygen to promote the activation of Brønsted acid sites is the key factor to SO₂＆H₂O resistance. In addition, the <em>in-situ</em> DRIFTS results revealed the different mechanisms of the two catalysts. This paper raised the deactivation reason of sol-gel catalyst caused by SO₂＆H₂O and presented an effective modification strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101793"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite xNiFe2O4/(1-x)SrFe12O19 oxygen carriers for chemical looping reforming of bioethanol coupled with water splitting to coproduce syngas and hydrogen","authors":"Mingxuan Zhong ,&nbsp;Chenxuanzi Wang ,&nbsp;Jiajun Xu ,&nbsp;Yongcheng Cai ,&nbsp;Bo Xiao ,&nbsp;Tingting Xu ,&nbsp;Xun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sr–Fe oxides are suitable oxygen carriers (OCs) with excellent cyclic stability. However, the moderate redox activity causes a deficiency in H₂ yield in chemical looping reforming coupled with water splitting (CLR-WS) process. Herein, we designed and prepared the composite xNiFe₂O₄/(1-x)SrFe₁₂O₁₉ OCs by ball milling method, which exhibited both high redox activity and high cyclic stability during reactions. A series of characterizations showed that the introduction of NiFe₂O₄ promoted the oxygen vacancy formation and the release of lattice oxygen, facilitating the reforming of bioethanol in fuel reactor (FR). During CLR-WS process, a high carbon conversion of 79.20 % and a H₂ yield of 13.23 mmol/g OC were achieved by 3Ni7Sr OC at 800 °C, outperforming that of the conventional SrFe₁₂O₁₉ OC. Moreover, the severe carbon deposition and sintering issues inherent to NiFe₂O₄ were avoided due to the presence of Sr. All Sr-containing composite OCs showed H₂ purity exceeding 99.26 % and excellent cycling stability with no apparent activation of oxygen transport capacity over 3000 min redox reactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101780"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical study on the spray and combustion characteristics of diesel-biodiesel-alcohol blend fuels on a constant volume combustion chamber","authors":"Ziye Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Han Wu ,&nbsp;Limin Geng ,&nbsp;Wenbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhanming Chen ,&nbsp;Donghui Qi ,&nbsp;Jianming Cao ,&nbsp;Biao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid increase in automobile ownership has brought about an increase in pollutant emissions, the blending of alcohols can effectively reduce conventional pollutant emissions from diesel engines. However, alcohols have poor inter-solubility with diesel fuel. This study investigates the effects of blending different alcohols on the spray and combustion characteristics of diesel, with biodiesel as the cosolvent. The results show that among the three alcohols, blending methanol has the best improvement in the gas-liquid phase spray characteristics, followed by ethanol and propanol. The GL-SCA and GL-SPA of the methanol blends are 8.2 % and 2.3 % larger than those of the ethanol blends, and 19 % and 11.9 % larger than those of the propanol blends, respectively. Among the four fuels, fuel blended with methanol emits the least normalized sum KL, 45 % less than that of diesel, 23.8 % less than that of ethanol blended fuel, and 35.3 % less than that of propanol blended fuel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modeling of a coal/ammonia Co-fired fluidized bed: Control and kinetics analysis of nitrogen oxides emissions","authors":"Liangxu Dai ,&nbsp;Yujie Hou ,&nbsp;Chang'an Wang ,&nbsp;Yongxu Chen ,&nbsp;Zixiu Jia ,&nbsp;Defu Che","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The potential increase in nitrogen oxide emissions in the coal/ammonia co-firing can hinder the large-scale utilization of ammonia to reduce carbon emissions. In this work, a fluidized bed simulation model was established to investigate the NO_<em>x</em> and N₂O behaviors in the process of coal/ammonia co-firing. The effects of several variables on nitrogen oxides emission characteristics were studied, including the ammonia ratio, temperature, excess air ratio, and air/ammonia distribution strategies. The findings indicate that NO_<em>x</em> and N₂O concentrations rise and then decline with the NH₃ co-firing ratio (CR-NH₃) increased, peaking at 10 % and 5 % CR-NH₃. The formation of N₂O is insensitive to the addition of ammonia, while NO_<em>x</em> emissions vary dramatically with different ammonia ratios. Higher temperatures enhance the formation of NO_<em>x</em> but inhibit the generation of N₂O within 750 °C–950 °C. As the temperature rises, the primary decomposition path of N₂O shifts from N₂O→N₂H₂→NNH→N₂ to N₂O→NO₂→NO→N₂. The generations of NO_<em>x</em> and N₂O are both enhanced due to the weakness of the reduced atmosphere with the excess air ratio increased. When the primary air ratio is raised, N₂O gradually takes over as the main source of nitrogen oxides instead of NO_<em>x</em>. The specific primary air ratio in the fluidized bed should be considered in the priority treatment of NO_<em>x</em> or N₂O in the process of lowering nitrogen oxides emissions. Ammonia distribution strategies have opposite effects on NO_<em>x</em> and N₂O emissions. With more NH₃ introduced as a secondary fuel, the dilute phase area can change from the main source of NO to the consumption area of NO. The present findings can help control the emissions of nitrogen oxides during coal/ammonia co-combustion in coal-fired circulating fluidized bed power plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101777"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the effects of Pr1-xCexCoO3/dolomite catalyst on energy saving and carbon reduction in biomass gasification for the production of hydrogen-rich syngas","authors":"Yong-hong Niu ,&nbsp;Zheng-yang Chi ,&nbsp;Shuang Han ,&nbsp;Ming Li ,&nbsp;Feng-tao Han","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biomass is considered a renewable green coal, and its clean and efficient utilization is of great significance for energy conservation and carbon reduction. One of the most critical aspects of biomass gasification is the selection of an appropriate catalyst. In this study, we synthesized a catalyst with 10 % Pr_1-xCe_xCoO₃ supported on dolomite using the sol-gel method. We conducted graded internal circulation gasification experiments to produce hydrogen-rich syngas. The effects of element substitution in PrCoO₃, temperature, catalyst composition, and steam injection rate on the products were investigated. The optimal gasification conditions were determined through response surface regression analysis. The data indicate that this catalyst can improve gasification efficiency, with Pr_0.4Ce_0.6CoO₃/Dol showing the best catalytic performance. It effectively reduces the required gasification temperature and steam amount, decreases CO₂ production, and increases CO and H₂ yields. The catalyst accelerates the cleavage and ring-opening reactions of hydrocarbons, leading to terminal chain hydroxylation, followed by the dehydration-condensation of methyl groups into ethers. As the temperature rises, the rate of carboxyl group removal gradually exceeds the rate of carboxyl group formation via the oxidation of hydroxyl and ether chains, resulting in an initial increase and then a decrease in the number of carboxyl groups. Under optimal gasification conditions, CO₂ production is reduced by one-fourth compared to using a dolomite catalyst.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101766"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of exhaust gas recirculation on combustion and emission characteristics of ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engines: Heat capacity, dilution and chemical effects","authors":"Shouying Jin,&nbsp;Zhenyuan Zi,&nbsp;Puze Yang,&nbsp;Junhong Zhang,&nbsp;Binyang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the greenhouse effect intensifies, ammonia is garnering increasing attention as a carbon-free fuel. In the transport sector, ammonia-diesel dual-fuel (ADDF) engines are regarded as an effective means of reducing carbon emissions. The objective of this study is to investigate the combustion and emission optimization of an ADDF engine under high load conditions. To this end, an experimental optimization study of different start of diesel injection timing (SODI) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates was conducted at a load of 18 bar and an ammonia energy ratio of 80 %. The mechanism of heat capacity, dilution, and chemical effects of EGR was also revealed by numerical simulation based on the separated variables method. It was demonstrated that advancing SODI is effective in enhancing combustion efficiency. However, this approach is limited by the upper limit of in-cylinder pressure and results in higher nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions, which can be mitigated by the EGR. The heat capacity effect of EGR increases the specific heat capacity and decreases the average temperature. The suppression of the combustion process leads to a reduction in thermal and fuel NO_x, but an increase in nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. The dilution effect of EGR results in insufficient oxygen, which decreases the heat release rate and combustion efficiency. Additionally, the NO_x and N₂O are significantly reduced. The chemical effect of EGR affects reactive groups and unburned components that accelerate heat release rate and increase accumulated heat release, resulting in significantly higher NO_x. The comprehensive effect of EGR results in a decrease in N₂O emissions and a significant reduction in thermal and fuel NO_x. The EGR and further optimization of SODI enabled the ADDF engine to achieve a gross indicated thermal efficiency of 48.5 % with a load of 18 bar and an ammonia energy ratio of 80 %. In addition, NO emissions were reduced by 32.8 percent and greenhouse gas emissions by 63.3 percent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101778"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of non-thermal plasma-catalytic CO2 reforming of CH4 using Ni/Mg–Al2O3 catalysts in a parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge reactor","authors":"Thitiporn Suttikul ,&nbsp;Chantaraporn Phalakornkule ,&nbsp;Patcharin Naemchanthara ,&nbsp;Annop Klamchuen ,&nbsp;Tuksadon Wutikhun ,&nbsp;Kulwadee Theanngern ,&nbsp;Sanchai Kuboon ,&nbsp;Sasikarn Nuchdang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CO₂ and CH₄ are converted to syngas by dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction. This research investigated the effects of the Mg promoter on Al₂O₃-supported Ni catalysts and Mg calcination temperature on the DRM performance in a parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge reactor. The Mg promoter played a crucial role in the DRM performance, as increasing the Mg calcination temperature from 700 °C to 800 °C significantly improved the DRM performance and catalyst properties, including increased specific surface area, decreased total acidity, reduced crystallite and particle sizes, and more uniform dispersion of the Ni nanoparticles. Under these conditions, the H₂ and CO selectivity were 77.0 % and 70.7 %, the CH₄ and CO₂ conversion were 25.1 % and 20.6 %, and the energy efficiency was 8.4 %. In addition, the catalyst was associated with a lower coking rate (0.5 mg C/g_cat h), a relatively low carbon deposit of 1.5 %, and a carbon loss of 2.8 %, possibly because the weak acidity hindered the Boudouard reaction and CH₄ decomposition. However, increasing the Mg calcination temperature to 900 °C increased the total acidity and Ni particle size, decreasing H₂ and CO selectivities and increasing carbon deposits on the catalyst surface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 101781"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}