Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the combustion instability in a methanol/diesel dual-fuel engine","authors":"Jinhong Shi,&nbsp;Zhifei Wu,&nbsp;Zhengwu Fan,&nbsp;Ming Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methanol/diesel dual-fuel engine is prone to unstable combustion phenomena of cylinder pressure fluctuation at high methanol alternative ratio (MAR) under light-speed and low load operations. In this paper, in order to investigate the combustion instability of a methanol/diesel dual fuel engine, experiments were conducted with MAR from 0 % to 22.5 % under an engine speed of 1000 r/min and load rate of 25 % to assess their influences on the cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV) of a premixed methanol/diesel dual-fuel engine. Using nonlinear dynamics analysis, including phase space reconstruction and return mapping technologies, the effects of MAR on the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the test engine have been examined. The results show that a higher MAR leads to pressure fluctuations of the methanol/diesel dual-fuel engine. Specifically, the CCV of cylinder pressure, CA5 and CA50 increase with the increase of MAR, which is 11.51 %, 8.89 % and 9.59 %, respectively. As the MAR increases, the separation of phase space attractor trajectories increases, and the phase point distributions of return maps for cylinder pressure become more decentralized, corresponding to the nonlinear growth process of combustion instability. In addition, the correlation coefficients between the CCV of cylinder pressure and combustion phase (CA5 and CA50) were also analyzed. The correlation coefficients between CCVp and CCV_CA5 is 0.89 for MAR of 22.5 %, while it is 0.91 between CCVp and CCV_CA50, which means that the cylinder pressure fluctuation is strongly related to CA50 combustion phase. The study provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the combustion stability in a methanol/diesel dual-fuel engine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102248"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activated oxygen species in CeO2 nanorod supported MnOX from metal oxide-support interaction to boost Hg0 removal from flue gas","authors":"Zhuo Liu ,&nbsp;Yuchi Chen ,&nbsp;Cui Jie ,&nbsp;Honghu Li ,&nbsp;Yuan Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing efficient and low-cost transition metal oxide sorbent for Hg⁰ removal is crucial to mercury abatement from flue gas. Herein, MnO_X was loaded onto CeO₂ with different morphologies (cube, rod and particle) to prepare the Mn-Ce sorbents. MnO_X supported by CeO₂ nanorod (Mn-Ce_r) can achieve the best Hg⁰ removal performance due to its high specific surface area, prominent redox capacity, enhanced surface acidity and activated oxygen species (lattice and chemisorbed oxygen). Additionally, the strong interaction of highly dispersed Mn species with CeO₂ nanorod carrier weakens the metal-oxygen bond strength and enhances the interfacial electron transfer, thereby leading to more oxygen vacancies and increasing surface reactive oxygen species over Mn-Ce_r. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations further indicate the formation of Mn-O-Ce bond and oxygen vacancies over Mn-Ce_r in which Hg atom can be chemically bound to O sites to form Hg-O. Under 5 % O₂, 500 ppm NO, 800 ppm SO₂ and 3 % H₂O, Mn-Ce_r can still achieve a satisfactory Hg⁰ removal performance (88.1 %), suggestive of its good adaptability under complicated flue gas conditions and application prospect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102249"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of double-stage membrane reformer (DSMR) for enhanced hydrogen production via methanol steam reforming","authors":"Keshav Kumar ,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar Vishwakarma ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar ,&nbsp;Sweta Sharma ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar Upadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methanol steam reforming (MSR) provides an effective option for on-site hydrogen generation through a membrane reformer (MR) equipped with the Pd-based membrane for H₂ separation from the mixture gas produced during MSR. However, a major obstacle toward scale-up and commercialization is the restricted mass and heat transfer across the catalyst bed. Additionally, a substantial quantity of hydrogen is emitted in the retentate that goes unrecovered. Therefore, in the present study, we have used the structured SiC foam coated with Cu-Fe/Al₂O₃-Zn-ZrO₂ (AZZ, Cu-Fe = 50:50 mol ratio, and AZZ = 70:15:12) catalyst to intensify the radial heat and mass transfer inside the reactor. Further, a multi-pass membrane separator (MPMS) is introduced on the retentate side of the MR to recover the leftover hydrogen, the integrated system is termed as a double-stage membrane reformer (DSMR), functioning as a standalone H₂ production and separation module, to effectively separate the unrecovered H₂ from the retentate stream of the MR. The performance of the DSMR was optimized at different temperatures (573–673 K), pressures (100–300 kPaG), weight hourly space velocity (WHSV, 12.23 to 48.92 <span><math><mrow><msub><mtext>kg</mtext><mtext>feed</mtext></msub><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>‐</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><msubsup><mrow><mspace></mspace><mtext>kg</mtext></mrow><mtext>catalyst</mtext><mrow><mo>‐</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>), and varying membrane areas (65–495 cm²). The Cu-Fe/AZZ/SiC catalyst was tested in all three configurations for comparison including traditional reformer (TR), MR, and DSMR at 300 kPaG of pressure, 673 K of temperature, 3/1 of S/C ratio, 187 cm² of membrane area, and 12.23 kg_feed h⁻¹ kg⁻¹_catalyst of WHSV. Following the performance testing a higher methanol conversion is obtained in the case of DSMR. For instance, the methanol conversion of ∼75 % is achieved in the case of DSMR compared to ∼57 % in MR and ∼53 % in TR. Moreover, H₂ recovery of more than 74.5 % is achieved in DSMR which is 8.5 % higher compared to MR. This is attributed to the enhanced hydrogen recovery in DSMR which helped to achieve higher methanol conversion according to the Le Chatelier's principle. This dual-stage configuration improved hydrogen separation and encouraged equilibrium shifting toward the desired product.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102236"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of NOx emissions and SCR optimization in hydrogen internal combustion engines under full-range operating conditions","authors":"Guangquan Wu ,&nbsp;Hong Chen ,&nbsp;Yong Li ,&nbsp;Hong Gao ,&nbsp;Fanjia Sun ,&nbsp;Jiakun Du ,&nbsp;Yuhuai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen internal combustion engines (HICEs) are emerging as a key technology in achieving carbon neutrality due to their zero carbon emissions and superior combustion properties. This study presents a systematic investigation of NOx formation mechanisms and emission characteristics in a lean-burn spark-ignition HICE across a wide range of operating conditions. Experimental results reveal that increasing the relative air-fuel ratio (λ &gt; 2.4) effectively reduces NOx emissions to below 0.2 g/kW∙h, with combustion stability influenced primarily by cycle-to-cycle variation at low loads and intake limitations at high loads. Additionally, the NOx composition is strongly dependent on both load and equivalence ratio, with a significant increase in N₂O fraction under low-load, ultra-lean conditions. To further mitigate NOx emissions at high loads, a Cu-CHA-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system was evaluated under varying temperatures, space velocities (SV), and NH₃/NOx ratios. Results indicate that ammonia storage capacity is more sensitive to SCR center temperature than SV, and achieving near-complete NOx conversion (≈100 %) requires precise control of ammonia dosing, especially under high SV conditions to avoid excessive NH₃ slip. These findings offer foundational insights into optimizing combustion strategies and aftertreatment control for hydrogen-powered engines in passenger vehicle applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102232"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignocellulosic biomass to biochar: An overview on impact of production technologies on biochar yield and techno-economics","authors":"Himanshu ,&nbsp;Prathvi Raj Chauhan ,&nbsp;Deepanshu Awasthi ,&nbsp;Rakesh Godara ,&nbsp;Deepti ,&nbsp;Kunwar Pal ,&nbsp;Vandit Vijay ,&nbsp;P.V. Aravind","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar technology is getting attention globally due to its multifaceted potential in removing contaminants from wastewater, storing energy as supercapacitor, enhancing soil health, and addressing environmental challenges as a negative emission technology. The aim of this study is to review the conversion of different types of lignocellulosic biomass into biochar using various thermochemical conversion methods. The physiochemical properties of produced biochar using different characterization techniques have been reviewed. Slow pyrolysis consistently produces higher biochar yields (up to approximately 79 %) compared to fast pyrolysis, gasification, or flash carbonization, which primarily focus on generating bio-oil or syngas. Smaller biomass particles enhance heat transfer, and may lead to reduced yields due to the accelerated pyrolysis process. Lower temperatures and lignin-rich biomass promote higher solid yields, whereas higher temperatures facilitate carbonization but result in reduced biochar yield. Further, the economic viability of biochar production from large-scale industrial units and small-scale portable systems is reported as per the existing literature and the selling price of biochar produced from small scale units is found to be higher. This review suggested that the major challenges in biochar technology include but not limited to advanced harvesting techniques, improved logistics, decentralized efficient and economical biochar production units, method of biochar addition to soil etc. Future research in this technology should focus on tailoring biochar properties for specific applications, optimizing pyrolysis conditions and post-processing techniques, and exploring alternative feedstocks to enhance sustainability, efficiency, and versatility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102233"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of oxymethylene ether (OME3-5) e-fuel blends on unregulated toxic emissions of carbonyl compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","authors":"Silvana Arias ,&nbsp;Edwin García ,&nbsp;José A. Soriano ,&nbsp;Octavio Armas ,&nbsp;Magín Lapuerta ,&nbsp;John R. Agudelo","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxymethylene ethers (OME_x) are renewable e-fuels synthesized from hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide. These compounds have emerged as promising e-fuels to reduce emissions from diesel engines. This study evaluates the impact of oxymethylene ether blends containing three to five carbon atoms (OME_3-5) on unregulated toxic emissions, focusing on carbonyl compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A Euro 6a diesel engine was tested with 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % OME_3-5 blends (OME5, OME10, and OME15) using the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). Unregulated pollutants were analyzed through a comprehensive sampling methodology upstream of the diesel oxidation catalyst and particulate filter. A total of 16 PAHs and 13 carbonyls were analyzed. The study revealed that OME_3-5 blends reduce carbonyl and PAHs emissions. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were identified as dominant carbonyls, with formaldehyde emissions decreasing by 30 % across blends. Carbonyl emission factors ranged from 22.5 ± 3.75 to 45 ± 1.7 mg/km, markedly exceeding gaseous PAHs emissions (∼20 ± 3 to 115 ± 7 μg/km). Gas-phase and particle-bound PAHs exhibited reductions ranging from 35 % to 70 % as the OME_3-5 concentration increased up to 15 %, with significant reductions in high-molecular-weight PAHs. Furthermore, ozone formation potential (<em>OFP</em>) and respiratory activity fraction (<em>RAF</em>) analyses showed the lower atmospheric impact of OME_3-5 blends compared to conventional diesel. These findings underscore the potential of OME_3-5 blends as e-fuel to support sustainable fuel transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102234"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La-promoted oxygen vacancy formation in CePO4 catalysts: Unraveling Ce-La interactions and reaction mechanisms for enhanced low-temperature NH3-SCR performance","authors":"Shuning Tan ,&nbsp;Chenhao Ren ,&nbsp;Kai Yan ,&nbsp;Xinyu Li ,&nbsp;Na Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing CePO₄-based NH₃-SCR catalysts with superior low-temperature performance represents a significant challenge. While CePO₄ has garnered substantial interest due to its abundant surface acidic sites, its limited redox capacity severely restricts low-temperature denitrification efficiency. To address this, a Ce_0.75La_0.25PO₄ catalyst was rationally designed and successfully synthesized. Studies demonstrated that La doping enhances surface oxygen vacancy concentration, boosts redox capability, and improves low-temperature NH₃-SCR activity, achieving over 95 % NO_x conversion at 250 °C. Combined experimental and computational investigations were performed to explore the atomic-level surface structure of Ce_0.75La_0.25PO₄ and the adsorption behaviors of NH₃ and NO molecules. Characterization results further validated the feasibility of La-doped CePO₄ solid solutions as efficient catalysts, revealing that La doping induces surface oxygen vacancies to enhance redox properties, thereby promoting low-temperature NH₃-SCR performance. DRIFTS analysis confirmed that La doping facilitates NO adsorption and activation on the catalyst surface, accelerating the L-H mechanism. These findings provided mechanistic insights into the superior low-temperature NH₃-SCR activity of Ce_0.75La_0.25PO₄. DFT calculations indicated that the (111) crystal plane was the most stable surface of Ce_0.75La_0.25PO₄, with NH₃ and NO adsorbing on Brønsted and Lewis acid sites; notably, NO exhibited the strongest adsorption on La atoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102241"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of hydrogen production technology and the performance, combustion, and emissions of hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines","authors":"Zhiqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Zihao Song ,&nbsp;Yuguo Wang ,&nbsp;Chuan Liu ,&nbsp;Chengfang Mao ,&nbsp;Zibin Yin ,&nbsp;Kai Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the intensification of global climate change and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, the energy transition has become an urgent and significant global challenge. Hydrogen fuel, valued for its carbon-free emissions and high energy density, is regarded as a cornerstone of future clean energy systems. This study first establishes prerequisite hydrogen production technologies, emphasizing renewable pathways as the most sustainable approach. Existing research has seldom provided systematic explanations of fundamental hydrogen combustion theories, such as laminar burning velocity. Therefore, this paper offers a detailed analysis of these fundamental theories and emphasizes their critical role in optimizing internal combustion engine performance. Given the direct influence of hydrogen injection strategies on combustion stability and efficiency—thereby dictating power output, fuel economy, and emissions—we comprehensively evaluate the effects of injection parameters (angle, timing, injector geometry, and injection mode) on engine behavior. Furthermore, recent advancements in mitigating abnormal combustion (e.g., backfire and knocking) and reducing nitrogen oxide emissions are critically reviewed, highlighting complex triggering mechanisms involving in-cylinder hotspots and injection dynamics, as well as cross-triggering effects between phenomena. Finally, based on the existing literature, this paper summarizes current research trends and suggests potential future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102229"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-temperature corrosion characteristics and mechanisms of heating surfaces under ash deposition conditions in coal/biomass Co-firing utility boilers","authors":"Zexi Zhao,&nbsp;Xiwen Yao,&nbsp;Kaili Xu,&nbsp;Jishuo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amidst global climate change mitigation, biomass-coal co-firing power generation attracts significant interest due to its environmental benefits and engineering viability, yet the high-temperature corrosion mechanisms under ash deposition remain poorly understood. This study investigated the corrosion of boiler alloy 12Cr1MoV under ash deposits in co-firing systems. A multi-component corrosion platform simulated typical co-firing conditions (20 % corn stalk/lignite energy ratio, 600 °C). Corrosion kinetics, microstructural analysis (SEM-EDS/XRD), and thermodynamic simulations (HSC Chemistry) revealed synergistic corrosion mechanisms. Key findings: (1) Corn stalk ash promoted corrosion more severely than coal ash; mixed ash accelerated protective scale failure via low-melting eutectics, increasing corrosion rates by 1.7 × versus single ash. (2) Corrosion rates under HCl (500 ppm) significantly exceeded those under SO₂ (500 ppm), confirming Cl⁻-induced Cr₂O₃ breakdown dominates corrosion. (3) Coupled mixed ash and acidic gases (HCl/SO₂) yielded an extreme corrosion rate of 42.60 mm/a – a 3-4 × increase over single-factor conditions – attributed to synergistic Cl⁻ enrichment in ash pores and sulfide diffusion. This work systematically elucidates the complex effects of ash composition (biomass ash, coal ash, mixed ash), gaseous components (HCl, SO₂), and their synergy on 12Cr1MoV corrosion in co-firing systems, quantifying peak corrosion rates from ash-gas interactions. It provides a theoretical basis for corrosion-resistant material design and mitigation in biomass-co-firing power plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102227"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-assembly of lignin and MOF as a sustainable carbon-based catalyst for selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenols","authors":"Xiaomeng Kang ,&nbsp;Mingqin Xue ,&nbsp;Xue Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Yang ,&nbsp;Minghao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalytic upgrading of lignin-derived bio-oil to value-added chemicals was of great significance for the utilization of biomass resources. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) was widely regarded as a promising pathway for the upgrading of lignin-derived bio-oil. And the key to this issue was to develop effective and sustainable catalysts. In this study, a series of lignin-derived carbon-based highly effective catalysts were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method for the catalytic HDO of lignin and its derivatives. Then, lignin-MOF-derived catalysts (nCo-TPA/C-T) were successfully applied to the catalytic HDO of lignin-derived phenolics. All catalysts were characterized in detail to investigate the relationships between physicochemical properties and their catalytic performances. The results demonstrated that the catalyst 2Co-TPA/C-500 exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the conversion of vanillin (VAN) to 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP) in mild condition (160 °C, 0.5 MPa N₂, and 1 h), without the presence of external hydrogen. The conversion of VAN was up to nearly 100 %, with a high selectivity of MMP (about 94.5 %). It was confirmed that the excellent catalytic performance was related to types of organic ligands, metal-ligand ratio, catalyst calcination temperature, etc. The catalysts also exhibited good activity for other lignin-derived phenols. This work could offer a useful strategy for the catalytic upgrading of lignin-derived phenolics into value-added chemicals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102228"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}