Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of generation mechanisms in nitrogenous compounds of shale oil using GC-NCD and theoretical calculations","authors":"Shuo Pan,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Jingru Bai,&nbsp;Zhichao Wang,&nbsp;Da Cui,&nbsp;Qing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nitrogenous compounds in shale oil at various final pyrolysis temperatures were detected using gas chromatography-nitrogen chemiluminescence detection (GC-NCD). Thirty structural models of nitrogenous compounds were constructed using density functional theory and transition state theory calculations. To investigate the effects of different reaction mechanisms, forty reaction paths were designed around the models consisting of aliphatic amines, anilines, pyrroles, pyridines, indoles, and carbazoles. The results indicated that pyrroles, pyridines, and quinolines acted as intermediates during the processes for the formation of nitrogen-containing compounds. The contents of alkylindoles decreased while that of alkylcarbazoles increased, both following a consistent trend. Additionally, the presence of hydroxyl radicals and intramolecular hydrogen transfer significantly reduced the reaction energies of nitrogenous compounds during generation. Path23-1 begins with hydrogen radical transfer from the hydroxyl group attached to the carbon to the neighboring carbon, and forming a carbonyl group. This process breaks the delocalized π-bonds off the ring, with a reaction energy of 273.2 kJ/mol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101950"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating CO2 emissions: A review on emerging technologies/strategies for CO2 capture","authors":"A.E. Geweda ,&nbsp;Mohamed E. Zayed ,&nbsp;Mohd Yusuf Khan ,&nbsp;Awad B.S. Alquaity","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing challenges posed by climate change have prompted global efforts to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels. One crucial strategy to meet CO₂ emission reduction targets is carbon capture and sequestration, which plays a pivotal role in transitioning to low - carbon energy systems in the coming years. This paper summarizes the recent developments in carbon capture technologies and enhanced strategies, emphasizing mitigating anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. Initially, the existing carbon capture strategies, including pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxyfuel combustion capture, are discussed. Subsequently, an examination of the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy is provided, followed by a comparative evaluation to assess their efficiencies and suitability for achieving zero carbon footprints. Next, different carbon capture techniques are examined, encompassing various methods such as absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, cryogenic separation, and chemical looping. Each method is thoroughly analyzed, detailing its mechanisms and feasibility for large-scale deployment. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison of these CO₂ capture technologies is provided, focusing on their advantages and constraints. The integration of strategies and technologies outlined in this paper serves as a valuable reference for scholars, industry experts, and policymakers, aiming to navigate the intricate realm of carbon capture. By elucidating the intricacies of different capture methods and technologies, this review adds to the ongoing discussion on sustainable practices and the urgent need to mitigate carbon emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101911"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “An image-processing method based on regional separation-parameter coupling for the stability analysis of biodiesel flame” [J. Energy Inst. 114 (2024) 101640]","authors":"Tang Cunjing ,&nbsp;Li Fashe ,&nbsp;Zhang Huicong ,&nbsp;Duan Yaozong ,&nbsp;Zhu Zhiheng ,&nbsp;Chen Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101701"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ni-Fe supported on CaAl2O4 obtained from eggs shell for chemical looping technology","authors":"Ariklênio A. da Silva ,&nbsp;Dulce M.A. Melo ,&nbsp;Tiago R. da Costa ,&nbsp;Rodolfo Luiz B.A. Medeiros ,&nbsp;Gineide C. dos Anjos ,&nbsp;Fabíola C. Carvalho ,&nbsp;Rebecca A.B.N. Santiago ,&nbsp;Ângelo A.S. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Renata M. Braga","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of oxygen carriers with specific properties is one of the main bottlenecks for applicability of chemical looping processes. Considering this, the article presents an investigation of the physicochemical, structural, morphological and reactive properties of four oxygen carriers based on Fe and/or Ni supported on calcium aluminate. Three different calcium aluminates were prepared: one by the conventional Pechini method, the following two using eggshell residue as calcium source, one with the shell in natura and last calcined at 500 °C. The support obtained from the eggshell in natura presented greater surface area and pore volume, being selected for continuity of the research. The active phase was added by the method of incipient wetness impregnation. XRD, TPR results showed that iron interacted with the support forming calcium ferrite, while nickel showed inert to the support. The reactivity by thermogravimetry showed that the OC Ni/CA presented practically 100 % reactivity in the cycles of reduction with methane and oxidation with air, and its structural and morphological properties remained unchanged after its regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101877"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pretreatment procedure, compositional feature and reaction condition on the devolatilization characteristics of biomass during pyrolysis process: A review","authors":"Ning Liu ,&nbsp;Chen Dou ,&nbsp;Xu Yang ,&nbsp;Bohao Bai ,&nbsp;Shujun Zhu ,&nbsp;Jilin Tian ,&nbsp;Zhuozhi Wang ,&nbsp;Li Xu ,&nbsp;Boxiong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass is a plentiful and renewable energy source. Currently, the conversion of biomass into gaseous product, bio-oil, and biochar through pyrolysis is one of the significant technologies in the development of the energy recycling economy. The application research of three-phase products of biomass has gradually reached the commercial level. This paper reviewed the latest advancements in biomass pyrolysis technology, especially the impacts of pretreatment processes, types of biomass materials, and pyrolysis parameters on the products derived from biomass pyrolysis. Through detailed analyses of physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological pretreatment technologies, the potential of different pretreatment methods for enhancing the quality of three-phase products was revealed. Moreover, the effects of different biomass materials on the pyrolysis products was also discussed systematically, elucidating how pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, reaction duration, gas atmosphere and pressure affecting the distribution and properties of pyrolysis products. Finally, this paper presented the challenges and future directions in the field of biomass thermal conversion, providing a theoretical foundation and technical support for the efficient conversion and utilization of biomass based solid waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101943"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key reaction pathways for NO reduction by NH3 in the reduction zone during ammonia-coal co-firing: A combined experimental and DFT study","authors":"Meng-Chuan Jia ,&nbsp;Sheng Su ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Jing-Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Xu ,&nbsp;Long Jiang ,&nbsp;Jun Xu ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Song Hu ,&nbsp;Jun Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia, as a zero-carbon fuel, is also a reducing agent for nitrogen oxides. During ammonia-coal co-firing, the reaction temperature window and atmosphere for ammonia and nitrogen oxides are usually different from those in SCR or SNCR, thus inhibiting the reduction effect of NH₃ on NO. It is of great significance to further explore the reaction mechanism and kinetic characteristics of NO reduction with a wider temperature range and different oxygen concentration for optimizing the reaction environment and reducing nitrogen oxide emissions during ammonia co-firing processes in pulverized coal boilers. To explore the characteristics of NO reduction by NH₃ under high-temperature reducing atmosphere, experiments were carried out on a one-dimensional tubular reactor at 1273–1773 K in 0–3% O₂. The effects of temperature and oxygen on the denitrification efficiency were investigated. The detailed mechanism was analyzed to obtain the skeleton reactions under the present conditions. Experimental results showed that as the O₂ concentration decreases, the temperature window for NO reduction shifts towards higher temperatures, and the maximal NO reduction efficiency is improved. The results of chemical kinetic simulation indicated that increasing O₂ concentration or temperature can promote the reaction of NH₃+OH=NH₂+H₂O and NH₂+OH=NH+H₂O, and promote the formation of NH₂ and NH radicals. NH₂ and NH radicals are essential for NO reduction under high-temperature reducing atmosphere. DFT calculations revealed that the process of NO reduction by NH₂ is that NH₂ combines with NO to form H2NNO, and then a H atom in H2NNO is transferred to O atom to form HNNOH. The decomposition of HNNOH produces different products, on the one hand, the O-N bond in HNNOH is broken to form NNH and OH radicals, on the other hand, the H atom in HNNOH is transferred from the N atom to the O atom to form N₂ and H₂O. The process of NO reduction by NH is that NH combines with NO to form HNNO, and HNNO decomposes to produce different products. On the one hand, the H-N bond in HNNO is broken to form H radical and N₂O, on the other hand, the H atom in HNNO is close to and bonded with the O atom to form N₂ and OH radical. At 1273–1773 K, the reaction rate constant of NO reduction by NH₂ is in the range of 10⁷-10¹⁰ s⁻¹, and the reaction rate constant of NH₂ radical oxidation and NH₂ conversion to NH is lower. When there is trace oxygen in the environment, the concentration of OH and NH₂ radicals can be greatly increased, and NO reduction with a large reaction rate constant can occur preferentially. Therefore, a higher NO reduction efficiency can be obtained under high-temperature reducing atmosphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101948"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a comprehensive model for evaluating slagging characteristics in the Co-combustion of coal and biomass","authors":"Lingjie Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Xu ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Jiajun Feng ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slagging during the co-combustion of coal and biomass poses significant challenges to boiler safety and efficiency. Existing research lacks a comprehensive and systematic slagging prediction approach to accurately assess the slagging risks associated with different coal and biomass combinations. To address this gap, this study investigates the slagging behavior of anthracite (AN) and three types of crop residues through ash fusion temperature (AFT) tests, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. In addition, an E-PLS slagging evaluation model was established using the entropy weight (EW) method and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The ash fusion temperature (AFT) results show that the slagging tendency of the three biomass is moderate, while anthracite has a low slagging tendency. With the addition of biomass, the slagging tendency of the samples increases. XRD analysis confirms that the addition of biomass promotes the reaction between quartz and potassium, sodium, and calcium compounds, enhancing the diffraction intensity of calcium feldspar, potassium feldspar, and sodium feldspar. The E-PLS evaluation results indicate that the slagging tendency of the three biomass is moderate, and anthracite has a low slagging tendency, which is consistent with the experimental results, demonstrating the accuracy of this method. The findings provide a useful reference for predicting slagging tendencies during the co-combustion of biomass and coal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101927"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic exploration of tar-rich coal pyrolysis through ReaxFF MD simulation coupled with experimental validation","authors":"Zibo Huang,&nbsp;Hong Liu,&nbsp;Jingyuan Hao,&nbsp;Wenjing Zhou,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wu,&nbsp;Jinjia Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis is essential for the clean and efficient utilization of coal resources, but its inherent complexity and unpredictability pose significant challenges in elucidating the involved reaction mechanisms. Herein, we revealed the pyrolysis behavior of tar-rich coal through ReaxFF MD simulations combined with experimental validation. The simulation reveals that coal pyrolysis is a gradual process of removing volatile components in three main stages: activation, pyrolysis (primary and secondary), and condensation. The carboxyl group cleavage triggers coal pyrolysis, followed by successive decomposition processes including ether bond and side chain breakages, opening of hetero- and aliphatic rings, and cleavage of bridge bonds between aromatic rings, resulting in producing tar and gas products. Crucially, unsaturated fragments in the tar tend to condense into semi-coke or char, reducing the tar yield, while H• radicals can stabilize the tar, inhibit condensation, and improve its quality. The fixed-bed rapid pyrolysis experiments confirm the simulation results, validating their accuracy despite minor deviations due to neglected heat and mass transfer effects in the simulation. These findings provide atomic-scale insights into coal pyrolysis, offering valuable theoretical guidance for optimizing industrial pyrolysis processes and improving product control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101940"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on waste tires pyrolysis characteristics and high-value oil: Effects of pyrolysis parameters and catalyst","authors":"Jingai Shao ,&nbsp;Xu Tian ,&nbsp;Tingting Fan ,&nbsp;Junjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Shenghua Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiong Zhang ,&nbsp;Haiping Yang ,&nbsp;Shihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis is a green and efficient way to treat waste tires, but the complexity of pyrolysis products limits its high value utilization. To improve the value of pyrolysis products, especially pyrolysis oil, herein the pyrolysis process of waste tire was studied through thermogravimetry (TG) experiment and Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The effects of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, raw material particle size and catalyst on the pyrolysis products of waste tire were studied through fixed bed experiments. The results showed that the pyrolysis process of waste tire could be divided into three stages, additives, rubber and macromolecular substances pyrolyze in turn with the increase of temperature. After conducting comparative experiments, we discovered that rapid pyrolysis, lower temperature and smaller particle size were the most favorable for the formation and quality improvement of the oil. Both ZSM-5 and SAPO-34 could increase the olefins and cycloolefins contents and decrease the Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) content. SAPO-34 had stronger acidic site and more micropores compared with ZSM-5, which showed a better catalytic effect. This study provides a theoretical basis for the high value utilization of products and the targeted regulation of target products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101934"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic depolymerization of lignin for hydrocarbon rich bio-oil production: Influence of Ni doped on LaCoO3 catalysts and hydrogen sources","authors":"Yanfang Zhu,&nbsp;Xu Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Jin,&nbsp;Wenqi Song,&nbsp;Yuzhen Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The catalytic properties of metals and metal oxides are vital for lignin depolymerization into phenolic and cyclohexane compounds production. This study investigated the lignin depolymerization of with different Ni content LaCoO₃ perovskite catalysts at different reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, time, catalysts amount. Furthermore, various hydrogen sources, including formic acid, ethanol, and pure hydrogen were tested. The highest bio-oil yield (75.3 wt%) was achieved with hydrogen under ethanol solvent, but selectivity for cyclohexane and phenolic monomers compound was low. Using formic acid (FA) with 7 % Ni-LaCoO₃ catalysts at 280 °C, a bio-oil yield of 72.4 wt% was obtained, with higher selectivity for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (19.5 %), cyclohexane (18.5 %), and methylcyclohexane (14.2 %). This suggests that Ni with presence of FA facilitates the cleavage of lignin's β-O (C-O) and β-β (C-C) bonds efficiently. The reaction using FA, resulted in the lowest O/C ratio (0.06), highest H/C ratio (0.14), and the highest HHV (36.6 MJ/kg). The catalyst exhibited the highest reaction rate and hydrogenation activity, attributed to the presence of highly dispersed surface Co and Ni species. Notably, after three recycling test, the Ni-LaCoO₃ catalyst maintained very good catalytic activity. These results suggest that catalysts with this composite support have the potential to convert lignin-derived phenolic compounds into higher-grade hydrocarbon liquid fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101869"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}