Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Effects of SO2 on low-temperature SCR catalysts: Mechanisms and strategies","authors":"Litong Lu ,&nbsp;Boxiong Shen ,&nbsp;Chenguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaolan Zhao ,&nbsp;Qiqi Shi ,&nbsp;Ao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the acceleration of China's industrialization, nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions have increased significantly, becoming one of the major sources of environmental issues such as acid rain and the greenhouse effect. In response to this challenge, the Chinese government plans to reduce NO_x emissions by over 10 % by 2025. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology, as an effective method for nitrogen removal, still faces numerous challenges when applied in environments with low temperatures, unstable gas flow, and complex gas compositions (such as water vapor (H₂O) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂)). This paper reviews the poisoning mechanisms of catalysts caused by SO₂, and proposes strategies to address these issues, including inhibiting SO₂ adsorption and oxidation, accelerating Ammonium hydrogen sulfate (ABS) decomposition, and pre-sulfurization of metal oxides. Furthermore, the paper explores methods to enhance catalyst performance by optimizing their formulation, morphology, and structure, providing theoretical support for the development of efficient SCR catalysts and promoting the sustainable development of NO_x control technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102292"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combustion and PCDD/Fs suppression characteristics of waste and sludge blends","authors":"Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Ling Lei ,&nbsp;Xingtang Xu ,&nbsp;Aneta Magdziarz ,&nbsp;Ewelina Ksepko","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waste incineration is an efficient method for addressing the increasing global waste production. However, the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) generated during incineration must be controlled before flue gas emission. Co-combustion of waste with other feedstocks that have high S or alkali metals may suppress the PCDD/Fs formation. This method is cost-effective and convenient. In this study, the co-combustion characteristics of polyvinyl chloride, domestic sludge, and red mud were investigated using the single-particle combustion and thermogravimetric analysis methods. The PCDD/Fs suppression characteristics and mechanisms of municipal solid waste with sludge were investigated using a pilot rotary kiln incinerator. The experimental results indicate that the sludge blending induces synergistic effects during the co-combustion process, and the red mud can suppress the formation of PCDD/Fs, while the domestic sludge promotes the formation of PCDD/Fs. The suppression effect is caused by the basic oxides contents of red mud, while the promotion effect is due to the high Cu content of domestic sludge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102295"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combustion characteristics of a pilot fuel-ignited dual-fuel hydrogen gas engine with nitrogen dilution","authors":"Cicilia Kemunto Mesa,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Kawahara,&nbsp;Yoshimitsu Kobashi","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates H₂-diesel dual-fueling for a 781.7 cm³ single cylinder gas engine utilizing N₂ dilution. Parametric analyses were conducted for 1000 rpm speed, 0–47 % N₂ dilution ratios and injection timing from top dead center (TDC) to −16 after TDC. Impacts on key indicators like secondary auto ignition, flame propagation speed and duration, ignition delay, indicated thermal efficiency and emissions were studied. Results revealed that normal and knock combustion was suppressed in favor of PREmixed mixture ignition in the end gas region (PREMIER) combustion which increased by 75 %. N₂ dilution increased the specific heat capacity lowering the peak combustion temperatures which in turn decreased flame propagation speed and increased ignition delay enhancing premixed burning. Indicated thermal efficiency decreased with dilution up to 28 %, then peaked at 41 % dilution, showing a 1.5 % gain over the undiluted case. With increasing dilution, NOx and UHC emissions decreased, while H₂ emissions rose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102296"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flame propagation behavior and ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation of gasoline surrogate fuel with various oxygen-containing substances","authors":"Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Mu ,&nbsp;He Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Li ,&nbsp;Ran Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of adding oxygen-containing substances, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and 2-methylfuran on the flame propagation characteristics of base gasoline fuel were studied in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) system. The effects were characterized with ignition delay time, flame propagation speed, and Markstein length. Furthermore, the intrinsic combustion chemistry of these fuels were investigated by using ReaxFF molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulation calculations, including the consumption of fuel and O₂ molecules and the generation of combustion products, as well as the generation, reaction, and evolution of some important intermediates. By combining combustion experiments and computational simulations, the combustion properties and mechanisms of these gasoline surrogate fuels are obtained. The important conclusions are summarized as follows. In the flame propagation experiments, the addition of oxygen-containing substances shortens the ignition delay time and promotes the formation of the flame kernel. During the stable propagation stage of the flame, all the three oxygen-containing gasoline exhibits higher laminar burning velocity (LBV). The contributions to LBV, in order of magnitude, are ranked as 2-methylfuran &gt; MTBE &gt; ethanol. In the ReaxFF MD simulations, the three oxygen-containing substances help achieve complete combustion of the fuel, promote fuel consumption and to some extent reduce CO₂ emission. In particular, the generation evolution and participation of some key reactive radicals can predict evolution trends of macroscopic combustion characteristic parameters at a certain extent, including that a faster generation rate of HO leads to a shorter ignition delay time when the fuel is ignited, and that a higher proportion of H participating in reactions results in a faster flame propagation speed of the fuel. This study reveals the essence of combustion characteristics of oxygenated gasoline fuels from the perspective of chemical kinetics, which provides a theoretical basis for the use of oxygenated biomass as gasoline additives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102308"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercritical jets characteristics in different gas environments","authors":"Yuwen Fang ,&nbsp;Kaiqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Ma ,&nbsp;An Sheng ,&nbsp;Changzhao Jiang ,&nbsp;Hongming Xu ,&nbsp;Shijin Shuai","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the thermal efficiency of engines, the temperature and pressure in the combustion chamber are raised close to the critical point of fuels, altering the mixing regime of jets. However, the mixing regime transition is not only affected by the critical point of fuels but also affected by the physical properties of ambient gases, which need to be further investigated. To investigate the mixing regime transition of jets with different fuels and ambient gases, this study used high-speed microscopic imaging to capture liquid propane jets in helium, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. Liquid R134a was compared to propane to evaluate the effect of the fuel density. Results show that the morphological mixing regime of jets is dominated by the density of the ambient gas. Besides, the divergence angle of mixing regions in different ambient gases tends to exhibit the same profiles under supercritical chamber temperature, indicating that the divergence angle of mixing regions can be a key parameter to indicate the mixing regime transition. Furthermore, the nonlinear relationship between the divergence angle of jets and the density ratio of gas and fuel in high-temperature conditions is caused by the mixing regime transition of jets. These findings emphasize the influence of physical properties of ambient gases on mixing regimes and provide a more in-depth understanding of the transcritical mixing behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102303"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on suppression efficiency of soot from biomass pellets under acoustic and electric fields","authors":"Chengyi Ying ,&nbsp;Qin Gan ,&nbsp;Yange Suo ,&nbsp;Yanghui Ye ,&nbsp;Dan Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a type of renewable energy source, solid biofuels have received lots of attention. However, the combustion of solid biofuels releases large amount of soot, which greatly inhibit their application. Development of effective strategy for suppressing the soot emission from solid biofuel combustion is of great importance. In this work, a novel approach integrating acoustic and electric fields is proposed to effectively suppress soot emissions during redwood pellet combustion. The effects of experimental parameters, i.e., the vertical height between the electrodes (EH), applied voltage (E), current (I), acoustic frequency (f), acoustic pressure (A) and electric field intensity on soot suppression are systematically investigated. Results show that application of an electric field causes the flame tip to spread outward and reduces flame height, while the acoustic and electric fields further suppress flame height and enhance stability. Under a constant EH, flame temperature increases with voltage; with constant voltage, it first rises, then falls, and stabilizes as EH increases. The flame centerline temperature is higher, and upper-region temperature fluctuations are reduced under combined fields. Maximum suppression reaches 77 % under either field alone and up to 100 % under optimal acoustic and electric fields. The acoustic field does not alter the current-voltage characteristics. The acoustic and electric fields generate transverse acoustic oscillations and longitudinal ionic wind, which alter the trajectories of fuel and soot particles, enhance fuel-air mixing, and promote soot re-oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102300"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergetic regulation mechanism of K-assisted bamboo gasification for porous char and H2-rich syngas poly-generation","authors":"Wang Lu,&nbsp;Mingwei Xia,&nbsp;Ziyue Tang,&nbsp;Yingquan Chen,&nbsp;Xianhua Wang,&nbsp;Haiping Yang,&nbsp;Hanping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly-generation of porous char and H₂-rich syngas is a key technology for the full and high-value use of carbon and hydrogen elements in biomass. In this study, the synergistic evolution and regulation mechanisms of H₂ and porous carbon during K-assisted bamboo gasification were investigated using fixed-bed pyrolysis-gasification system. The results show that, due to steam activation, both the H₂ production rate and the physicochemical properties of char initially increase and then decline with prolonged gasification time, reaching their peak in the middle stage of the process. The hydrogen conversion rate further indicates that partial gasification achieves higher production efficiency, which is favorable for the poly-generation. K accelerates the evolution of both char and H₂, enhancing their quality and ultimately enabling the poly-generation of 31.5 mmol/g H₂ and porous carbon with a <em>S</em>_BET of 1917 m²/g. Moreover, K promotes oxygen enrichment in char, particularly the incorporation of O=C-OR and C=O groups on the char surface, thereby improving the functional applicability of the carbon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102304"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating the dry reforming of CH4 via non-thermal plasma under varied electrical waveforms","authors":"Yun Zhao ,&nbsp;Erjiang Hu ,&nbsp;Huimin Ren ,&nbsp;Zelong Luo ,&nbsp;Geyuan Yin ,&nbsp;Zuohua Huang ,&nbsp;Xin Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry reforming of methane (DRM) offers an effective route for converting greenhouse gases into value-added products. In this work, the DRM process was investigated using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactors driven by two different power supplies: a sinusoidal alternating current (AC) and a nanosecond pulsed (ns) power supply. The ns pulsed system delivers higher power across the discharge gap, along with increased electron density and mean electron energy, compared to the AC-driven configuration. At <em>P</em>_t = 30 W, with a gas inlet of CO₂:CH₄:Ar = 5:5:90 and a flow rate of 100 ml/min, the gas gap power of ns-DBD reaches 22.6 W and 20 times the electron density of AC-DBD. It also achieves higher conversion rates and a broader product spectrum, including alkenes and alkynes, which are absent in AC-NTP. Optical emission spectroscopy shows stronger dissociation and excitation of CO₂, CH₄, and Ar in ns-DBD, which further increases with Ar content. Under AC-NTP conditions, the formation of CH and CH₂ radicals is limited, which further restricts the production of alkenes and alkynes. Theoretical analysis indicates that AC-DBD, rich in CO₂ vibrational excitation, promotes acid formation via Eley-Rideal mechanisms, while the high O atom concentration in ns-DBD favors alcohol production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102297"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence mechanism of mineral Fe on the transformation of nitrogen-containing components during the combustion of ammonia-blended pulverized coal: Experiment coupled with reaction kinetics mechanism","authors":"Ping Chen ,&nbsp;Haiyi Wang ,&nbsp;Huichun Wang ,&nbsp;Mingyan Gu ,&nbsp;Kun Luo ,&nbsp;Xun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of the nitrogen conversion mechanism in the co-combustion of ammonia and coal is crucial for achieving low-nitrogen combustion. The inherent mineral Fe significantly affects the formation of nitrogen oxides during combustion, but its mechanism of NO formation during the co-combustion of ammonia and coal is still unclear. Based on this, this paper takes Shenhua bituminous coal as the research object, and explores the NO formation characteristics of raw coal, demineralized coal and Fe-impregnated coal coupled with ammonia combustion. The results show that mineral Fe has an inhibitory effect on the NO formation and the conversion of fuel-N to NO during the co-combustion of ammonia and coal. Compared with pure pulverized coal combustion, the inhibitory effect of Fe on NO formation during ammonia-blended combustion is weakened, but its inhibitory effect is enhanced at high temperature. To further reveal the mechanism of Fe on the N conversion, the mechanism calculation is carried out using the chemkin reaction kinetics. The simulation results shows that Fe significantly inhibits NO formation by reducing the sensitivity and reaction rate of key reactions, and changing the oxidation/reduction path of the N-containing component. Especially at high temperature, Fe exhibits a stronger NO inhibitory effect, further verifying the lower NO emission during the co-combustion of ammonia and Fe-impregnated coal in the experiment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102298"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advance of spinel-based catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOx","authors":"Wangxiang Pan ,&nbsp;Yinghui Wei ,&nbsp;Wen Yang ,&nbsp;De Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen oxides (NO_x) are very common air pollutants that are harmful to the environment, as well as the human body. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is considered to be effective due to its good environmental adaptability, high catalytic activity, and excellent selectivity. In this paper, the research progress of C₃O₄ spinel and AB₂O₄ spinel catalysts is summarized, and their different classifications, the characteristics and performance of various spinel catalysts are discussed. Meanwhile, the SCR reaction mechanism and preparation methods, the advantages and disadvantages, and the future development of spinel catalysts are proposed. The work is expected to provide the theoretical guidance for the preparation investigation, performance optimization, theoretical analysis and industrial application of spinel catalysts for selective catalytic reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102301"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}