Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Co-liquefaction of microalgae and industrial wastewater: The impact of temperature on product yield and quality","authors":"Tuanchong Huang ,&nbsp;Hong Zhao ,&nbsp;Chunxia Huang ,&nbsp;Tiancheng Ren ,&nbsp;Fang Liu ,&nbsp;Yongming Wu ,&nbsp;Mi Deng ,&nbsp;Yajun Liu ,&nbsp;Shijing Wu ,&nbsp;Xiangmin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored the impact of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) temperature (120–240 °C) on the distribution and characteristics of products in a microalgae industrial wastewater system, highlighting its role in regulating hydrolysis, pyrolysis, and polycondensation processes. While the liquid phase yield remained dominant (96.07–97.48 %), it decreased by 1.36 % with increasing temperature, and the solid phase yield significantly increased at 240 °C due to cellulose dehydration and protein cross-linking. Aqueous phase analysis revealed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) peaked at around 10,000 mg/L at 240 °C, attributed to the enhanced dissolution of organic matter through lipid decarboxylation and the Maillard reaction. Ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) increased notably above 210 °C, linked to protein deamination, while phosphate (PO₄³⁻) remained low due to inorganic phosphorus precipitation. Structural analysis of the hydrochar showed that elevated temperatures promoted carbon aromatization, with C-C bonds reaching their peak at 73.31 % at 180 °C and Graphitic-N content increasing to 38.19 % at 240 °C. Bio-crude oil composition analysis indicated that medium-chain alkanes (C6-C12) and oxygenated compounds were most abundant at 150–180 °C, while long-chain alkanes (C12-C20) dominated at 240 °C, and nitrogen compounds decreased due to ammonia volatilization. These findings suggest that 150–180 °C is optimal for bio-oil production, while 240 °C favors functional carbon material synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102207"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD-based investigation of ammonia combustion and slip behavior in an ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engine","authors":"Qiao Huang ,&nbsp;Ruomiao Yang ,&nbsp;Junheng Liu ,&nbsp;Tianfang Xie ,&nbsp;Minzhu Yang ,&nbsp;Jinlong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of zero-carbon ammonia to partially replace diesel in existing compression ignition engines via the port fuel injection strategy can reduce carbon dioxide emissions but introduces the challenge of ammonia slip. Developing effective strategies to minimize ammonia emissions requires detailed knowledge of the in-cylinder spatial distribution of ammonia during the combustion process. This study aims to numerically investigate ammonia combustion and emissions in an ammonia–diesel dual-fuel engine using multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, including quantification of the ammonia mass fraction consumed during each combustion stage and visualization of its spatial distribution within the cylinder. The CFD results indicate that a small portion of the fumigated ammonia can be consumed through low-temperature oxidation near top dead center, but self-ignition is suppressed, resulting in knocking-free combustion. In addition, under the conditions investigated, the ammonia–air mixture is too lean to support the propagation of turbulent flames. Consequently, most of the ammonia is consumed through concurrent combustion with diesel fuel within the diesel spray plume. Furthermore, a portion of the unburned ammonia reacts with nitrogen oxides (NOx) in low-temperature regions, forming nitrous oxide emissions. Ammonia that escapes oxidation in high-temperature regions and de-NOx reactions in low-temperature regions eventually exits the engine as unburned ammonia. A key factor influencing ammonia consumption and residual ammonia is the ammonia-to-diesel substitution ratio, which affects diesel spray development and the associated bulk gas motion. A higher substitution ratio shortens the diesel injection duration and weakens the motion of hot bulk gas induced by the momentum of the directly injected pilot fuel, leading to larger regions not reached by the diesel plume and reduced interaction with the ammonia-containing bulk mixture, thereby reducing ammonia combustion efficiency and increasing unburned ammonia emissions to potentially unacceptable levels. Overall, strategies aimed at enhancing ammonia combustion and minimizing emissions in dual-fuel engines should focus on enabling turbulent flame propagation initiated by pilot diesel. One promising approach is blending hydrogen with ammonia, which can help achieve the lean flammability limit and improve flame propagation characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102217"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over In2O3: Influence of catalyst synthesis methods","authors":"Xiaosong An ,&nbsp;Yanhui Long ,&nbsp;Zijiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Liboting Gao ,&nbsp;Jianhua Yan ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of highly active and thermally stable catalysts for green methanol synthesis from CO₂ hydrogenation is critical for advancing sustainable renewable energy cycles. In this study, indium oxide (In₂O₃) catalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation, sol gel, and direct calcination methods, and their structure-activity relationships in CO₂ hydrogenation were systematically investigated. The co-precipitation-derived In₂O₃ catalyst achieved the highest CO₂ conversion (13.8 %) and methanol space–time yield (STY, 408 g_methanol h⁻¹ kg_cat⁻¹). In contrast, the sol-gel-derived In₂O₃ catalyst demonstrated excellent stability, retaining 90.7 % of its initial activity after 60 h of operation. The superior performance of co-precipitation-prepared In₂O₃ was attributed to its smaller particle size, larger surface area, higher oxygen vacancy concentration, enhanced H₂ dissociation ability, and superior CO₂ adsorption capacity. Meanwhile, the outstanding stability of the sol-gel-derived In₂O₃ was linked to its intrinsic hydrophobicity, which effectively suppressed sintering and minimized particle agglomeration during reactions. This study provides valuable insights into the rational design of efficient and durable In₂O₃-based catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation, advancing the development of green methanol production processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102212"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation characteristics of NO during ammonia-coupled volatile/char combustion processes: Influence mechanism of iron in coal","authors":"Ping Chen ,&nbsp;Ya Liu ,&nbsp;Cheng Gong ,&nbsp;Mingyan Gu ,&nbsp;Kun Luo ,&nbsp;Xun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inherent mineral Fe in coal significantly affects the NO generation NO during coal combustion, but its mechanism for NO generation during ammonia-coal co-combustion is not yet clear. In this study, a coupled combustion system and a separated combustion system were constructed to investigate NO generation characteristics during ammonia/raw coal, ammonia/demineralized coal, and ammonia/impregnated-Fe co-firing. The results showed that introducing Fe didn't change the NO generation characteristics. The characteristics of NO generation were similar in the volatile combustion and coal char combustion stages. In the volatile combustion stage, the amount of NO increased with the increase in temperature and ammonia mixing ratio. In the coal char combustion stage, the reducing effects of unburned ammonia and coal char were enhanced at high temperatures, which led to a decrease in NO at high temperatures. Compared with coupled combustion, separation combustion can significantly reduced NO emissions and inhibited the conversion of fuel-N to NO. Under separation combustion, mineral Fe significantly inhibited the conversion of fuel-N to NO in the volatile combustion stage and the coal char combustion stage, among which 1200–1400 °C was the best temperature range for mineral Fe to inhibit the conversion of fuel-N to NO under separation combustion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102204"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen production enhancement via methanol steam reforming with copper-zinc catalysts","authors":"Ndumiso Vukile Mdlovu,&nbsp;Kuen-Song Lin,&nbsp;Wang-Ting Hong,&nbsp;Mathurin François,&nbsp;Abrar Hussain,&nbsp;Jamshid Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methanol steam reforming (SRM) integrated with fuel cells presents a promising solution for sustainable hydrogen (H₂) generation, enabling on-site production from liquid methanol. In this study, Cu-Zn catalysts were synthesized using homogeneous precipitation (HP) and co-precipitation (CP) methods, with samarium (Sm), gadolinium (Gd), and cerium (Ce) employed as rare-earth promoters. Catalysts prepared by the HP method with 1.5 M urea showed the highest performance, as confirmed by FE-SEM, BET, and XRD analyses. The addition of Sm, Gd, and Ce enhanced Cu dispersion, lowered the reduction temperature (T₉₅), reduced CO formation, and increased hydrogen yield (F_H2). The most active catalysts, CuO/ZnO/Sm₂O₃/CeO₂ and CuO/ZnO/Gd₂O₃/CeO₂, achieved over 90 % methanol conversion at 240 °C. Catalysts were loaded into U-shaped stainless steel packed-bed reactors (PBRs), and the SRM process was conducted under controlled temperature and flow conditions. The hydrogen-rich gas (HRG) produced was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC-TCD). A complete methanol reforming fuel cell system was developed by coupling the SRM reactor with a high-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC). The system produced a stable electrical output of 20 W, with peak output reaching 30 W, confirming the feasibility of in situ hydrogen production for fuel cell applications. These results highlight the effectiveness of rare-earth-modified Cu-Zn catalysts for integrated SRM-fuel cell systems in clean energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102203"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Effects of ethanol addition on soot formation in co-flow Jet A diffusion flame” [J. Energy Inst. 113 (2024) 101538]","authors":"Xu He ,&nbsp;Qi Xiang ,&nbsp;Jingyang Jia ,&nbsp;Panhong Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Yan ,&nbsp;Yabei Xu ,&nbsp;Dongping Chen ,&nbsp;Houshi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102186"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hollow carbon sphere encapsulated Ni-Mo nanoreactor for lignin derivatives upgrading with enhanced catalytic performance","authors":"Zhifu Hu,&nbsp;Qi Chen,&nbsp;Junjie Jia,&nbsp;Qingqing Zhu,&nbsp;Xiangjin Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, a novel nanoreactor composed of Ni-Mo nanoparticles embedded in hollow carbon spheres (Ni₁₀Mo₁/HCSs) is designed via a sacrificial template method. This three-dimensional open structure exhibits exceptional catalytic activity for vanillin of hydrodeoxygenation <strong>(</strong>HDO), achieving a 99 % yield of 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol <strong>(</strong>MMP) under mild conditions (150 °C, 1.0 MPa H₂, 3 h). Density functional theory <strong>(</strong>DFT) calculations show that the adsorption and dissociation energy of H₂ on the Ni (111) surface are −1.46 eV and −1.62 eV greater than −0.36 eV and −0.94 eV on the NiMo (111) surface, respectively. The adsorption energy of vanillin on the NiMo (111) surface reaches −3.71 eV, obviously higher than that on the Ni (111) surface (−3.37 eV). Characterization and the above DFT calculations results reveal that Mo incorporation forms a Ni-Mo alloy, creating synergistic effects between metallic Ni and alloy sites to enhance H₂ adsorption/dissociation and reactant activation. The hollow carbon framework (876.24 m²/g) ensures high metal dispersion (≈4.3 nm) and stability. The catalyst maintains strong activity over five cycles and demonstrates broad applicability to other lignin derivatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102191"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the impact of C-CaO dual-based-loaded catalysts on the co-gasification of biomass and plastics in the steam atmosphere","authors":"Huolong Chen ,&nbsp;Fahui Wang ,&nbsp;Dan Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoxin Deng ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Wen ,&nbsp;Guoyan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, salix psammophila (SL) and plastic mulch film (PMF) used in farmland were employed as experimental feedstocks. Coconut shell char (HCSC) was utilized as the carbon support for the preparation of HCSC-CaO dual-based-loaded catalysts. Co-gasification experiments were carried out under a steam atmosphere to evaluate the performance of these catalysts. Various experimental parameters, including different Ni/Fe loading ratios, SL and PMF blending ratios, reaction temperatures, and steam flow rates (H₂O/C), were investigated to assess the performance of catalyst in terms of H₂ yield and CO₂ adsorption. Under optimal conditions (feedstock ratio (SL:PMF = 3:1), gasification temperature of 800 °C, and H₂O/C = 4), the Ni-Fe/HCSC-CaO (Ni:Fe = 1:1) catalyst exhibited a high H₂ yield (793.4 mL/g) and a low CO₂ yield (102.0 mL/g). Additional metals (Co, Ce, and Al) were introduced for modification to further enhance the catalytic activity. Among them, the Al-Ni-Fe/HCSC-CaO catalyst (Ni:Fe = 1:1) demonstrated superior catalytic activity, yielding 882.8 mL/g of H₂ and 107.2 mL/g of CO₂. Cyclic experimental tests confirmed the catalyst's excellent thermal stability and high H₂ selectivity. This research presents a novel strategy for the efficient co-gasification of biomass and plastic to produce hydrogen-rich syngas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102192"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOx concentration prediction in thermal power units based on SHAP interpretability analysis: A deep learning model VSAttLSTM with multimodal data","authors":"Yingchi Chen ,&nbsp;Jiahe Yue ,&nbsp;Qinhui Wang,&nbsp;Jinquan Wang,&nbsp;Guilin Xie,&nbsp;Zhihua Tian,&nbsp;Bin Zhang,&nbsp;Ruiqing Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of NOx concentration is of significant importance for pollutant emissions and safe operation in thermal power plants. However, a single data-driven model cannot describe the global properties of the research object, which hinders generalization performance and introduces uncertainty. To address this issue, this paper proposes a deep learning prediction model, VSAttLSTM, which integrates a signal decomposition algorithm and a hyperparameter adaptive optimization algorithm. The model combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with a self-attention mechanism, and introduces the SSA (Sparrow Search Algorithm) for hyperparameter optimization to enhance the model's predictive performance and stability. This study also employs the SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) method to conduct interpretability analysis on the benchmark deep learning model, revealing the extent of influence of various features on the prediction results of NOx concentration. The variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm is applied to decompose the NOx pollutant data for signal decomposition, enabling multi-task modeling. The results of comparative experiments and ablation experiments demonstrate that the VSAttLSTM model significantly improves prediction accuracy, enabling the relative prediction error of the original data to be controlled within 5 %, and outperforms the comparative models on multiple performance metrics. This provides the industry with a more transparent and practical method for predicting NOx pollutant emissions from thermal power units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102190"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed reforming of methane with CO2 and H2O: Thermodynamic analysis and ReaxFF Molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Kejiang Li ,&nbsp;Qingsong Zou ,&nbsp;Jianliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunhe Jiang ,&nbsp;Zeng Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the dual drivers of the global energy crisis and the carbon neutrality objective, the efficient utilization of carbon-rich industrial waste gas has emerged as a critical strategic approach to advancing sustainable development. In this paper, the effects of reaction temperature, pressure and raw gas composition on the products of methane mixed reforming were systematically studied by combining thermodynamic equilibrium calculations with ReaxFF simulation. Particular attention was given to the regulatory role of CO₂ in steam methane reforming and the synergistic effect of H₂O in dry reforming of methane. The results show that the percentage of target gas increases with temperature but decreases with increasing CO₂ concentration and system pressure. Carbon deposition analysis indicates that carbon formation declines at elevated temperatures, particularly above 1200 K, where the introduction of CO₂ or H₂O significantly inhibits carbon deposition. In steam methane reforming, CO₂ addition decreases the H₂/CO ratio, with its utilization enhanced by temperature but suppressed by pressure. In dry reforming of methane, water has little effect on the H₂/CO ratio below 1200 K, becoming active only at higher temperatures and its utilization similarly declines under elevated pressure. Only above 1200K does the addition of extra water and carbon dioxide become beneficial. By elucidating reaction pathways and the behavior of key intermediates, this study provides theoretical insights into the efficient conversion of carbon resources during methane-mixed reforming. It establishes a scientific basis for the operational control of industrial-scale reforming reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102188"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}