Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Co-pyrolysis of waste plastics and tires: Influence of interaction on product oil and gas composition","authors":"Noof Alzahrani,&nbsp;Mohamad A. Nahil,&nbsp;Paul T. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The co-pyrolysis of different waste plastics and tires was carried out to investigate the effect of their interaction during co-pyrolysis on the yield and composition of the product oils and gases. Different types of waste plastics, consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), were co-pyrolysed with the waste tires using a fixed bed batch pyrolysis reactor. The main gases produced from the individual plastics and tires were hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethene, propane, propene, butane, and butene, whereas PET produced mainly carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. GC/MS analysis of the product oil produced from tire pyrolysis were mostly aromatic compounds produced from the rubber components of the tire. For HDPE, LDPE and PP pyrolysis, the oil produced was of mainly aliphatic composition, PS pyrolysis gave a considerable portion of single ring aromatic and polycyclic aromatic compounds and PET formed mainly oxygenated compounds and aromatic compounds. Co-pyrolysis of the plastics and tires resulted in an increase in gas yield above what would be expected from feedstock addition, suggesting interaction between the feedstocks. Also, oil analysis of the co-pyrolysis oils indicated significant shifts in the oil composition. For the mixed tire with HDPE and LDPE, aliphatic compounds were increased above that expected from addition with lower yields of single ring and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In contrast, mixing tire with PP produced higher yields of aromatic hydrocarbons and lower yield of aliphatic and alicyclic compounds than expected from additive calculation. Mixing tire with PS produced higher than expected single ring aromatic compounds but lower yields of polycyclic aromatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons. For the tire-PET co-pyrolysis, the production of oxygenated compounds was decreased in comparison to the expected additive data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101908"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen updraft gasification of euro cotton banknotes waste for hydrogen-rich syngas production","authors":"Samy Yousef ,&nbsp;Justas Eimontas ,&nbsp;Kęstutis Zakarauskas ,&nbsp;Nerijus Striūgas","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Euro cotton banknote waste (BW) is one of the challenges that the EU region has recently sought vigorously to integrate into the circular economy and to encourage research and investment in its valorisation in order to preserve this sector and reduce its environmental risks. Within this framework, this research aims to study the possibility of treating BW using gasification process and converting it into hydrogen (H₂)-rich syngas. Gasification experiments were performed on euro banknote-based cotton waste that underwent pre-pelletizing treatment to produce uniform BW granules. The conversion process was carried out using a continuous updraft gasifier system with a capacity up to 1 kg/h in oxygen agent. To optimize the process and obtain ideal conditions that can release the maximum amount of H₂ into the synthesized gas, the experiments were conducted at different temperatures (700, 800, 900 °C) and air-fuel equivalence ratios (ER: 0.19, 0.24, 0.29). The syngas, tar, and soot gasification products were characterized using Gas chromatography, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that at 700 °C (ER = 0.24), the maximum syngas production rate (1.16 kg/h) with HHV 9.1 MJ/kg can be obtained together with production of 0.05 kg/h (tar) and 0.79 kg/h (soot). Meanwhile, the highest H₂ content (up to 19 %) was obtained at 900 °C (ER = 0.19) with less tar (0.01 kg/h) and soot (0.49 kg/h). Accordingly, BW treatment using the gasification process is a promising technology for its disposal, especially at a high temperature (900 °C) to convert it into H₂-rich syngas with smaller quantity of tar and soot components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101906"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive performance investigation of inexpensive oxygen carrier in chemical looping gasification of coal","authors":"Yanan Wang ,&nbsp;Jiawei Zhou ,&nbsp;Jun Hu ,&nbsp;Haibo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal chemical looping gasification (CLG) using inexpensive oxygen carrier (OC) is a promising technology to obtain H₂-rich syngas, and the OCs of copper/iron ore composite with an autothermal capability and red mud have been screened as the potential candidates in our previous investigation. However, the detailed synergetic effect between copper ore and iron ore, and the effect of reaction conditions on syngas production at different reactor scales are still unclear. In this work, the synergetic effect between copper ore and iron ore in composite OCs with different mixing ratios are detailedly investigated through H₂ temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) tests. The results indicate that the copper ore addition can contribute the reduction of iron ore and form a new phase of CuFe₂O₄ between CuO in the copper ore and Fe₂O₃ in the iron ore, meanwhile observing the composite OC of Cu20Fe80@C generating a stronger synergetic effect in comparison to adjencent OCs. Moreover, the optimization of reaction conditions are conducted in a batch fluidized bed reactor (BFBR) by regulating the temperature, oxygen to fuel (O/F) ratio, and steam concentration for the Cu20Fe80@C and red mud OCs. It is found that a higher temperature is conducive to improving the coal conversion and syngas yield on the whole, but not the H₂-rich syngas production. While a lower O/F ratio favors the preparation of H₂-rich syngas, and the optimal steam concentration is determined as 50 vol% for both OCs under comprehensive consideration of gasification time, syngas yield and heating cost. Additionally, the copper/iron ore composite OC with excellent CLG performance and bed stability is further confirmed in a semi-continuous fluidized bed reactor (SFBR), which shows the effects of temperature and O/F ratio on syngas production similar to those in BFBR. In summary, the promising copper/iron ore composite OC exhibits good adjustability and adaptability for CLG process in terms of reaction conditions and reactor scales, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101899"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic recovery of renewable hydrocarbon resources via co-pyrolysis of non-edible linseed and waste polypropylene: A study on influence of plastic on oil production and their utilization as a fuel for IC engine","authors":"S. Mehanathan ,&nbsp;P. Madhu ,&nbsp;C. Sowmya Dhanalakshmi ,&nbsp;R. Vijayakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study looked into the co-pyrolysis of linseed and polypropylene to produce pyrolysis oil as a fossil fuel substitute for IC engines. The outcomes showed positive synergistic benefits on oil yield from co-pyrolysis as compared to the pyrolysis of individual components. Initially, the study investigated the effect on polypropylene during co-pyrolysis with linseed at temperatures between 350 °C and 650 °C under different blend ratios. The maximum oil yields for the pyrolysis of linseed and polypropylene obtained were 61.1 wt% and 73.6 wt%, respectively, whereas the maximum positive synergy on oil yield was 6.2 % at 2:3 blend ratio. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and physical characteristics were used to further evaluate the pyrolysis oil produced at maximum synergy. It was found that the oil had a higher calorific value of 43.09 MJ/kg, which was fairly close to fossil diesel. For engine analysis, eight different blends containing pyrolysis oil and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were prepared and named PyroD20 (20 % co-pyrolysis oil + 80 % diesel), PyroD40, PyroD50, PyroD20@20 (PyroD20 + 20 ppm GO), PyroD20@40, PyroD20@60, PyroD20@80, and PyroD20@100. After that, an engine test was conducted on the blended fuels to compare them to the baseline diesel fuel (D). At maximum load, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for PyroD20 and PyroD20@60 was found to be 37.2 % and 37.8 %, respectively, which was 6.0 % and 7.8 % higher than those of D. The brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for PyroD20 and PyroD20@60 was reduced by up to 22.0 % and 22.7 %, respectively, compared to D. With the use of PyroD20@60, the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke were reduced by up to 27.0 %, 7.3 %, and 21.2 %, respectively. The produced renewable liquid oil may certainly be used in blends with conventional diesel for IC engine operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerium-induced modification of acid-base sites in Ni-zeolite catalysts for improved dry reforming of methane","authors":"Abdulrahman bin Jumah ,&nbsp;Marie-Nour Kaydouh ,&nbsp;Ahmed S. Al-Fatesh ,&nbsp;Mohammed O. Bayazed ,&nbsp;Anis H. Fakeeha ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Ahmed E. Abasaeed ,&nbsp;Kirankumar J. Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Nissrine El Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising route to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by converting CH₄ and CO₂ into valuable syngas. The present work explores the effect of Ce addition to Ni-based catalysts supported on CBV3020E (ZSM-5) for DRM. The use of Ce as a promoter to tune the acid-base properties of zeolites for DRM is addressed for the first time in detail. While Ce has traditionally been used to improve oxygen storage capacity, this work explores its novel use as a means to enhance surface basicity and promote CO₂ adsorption. The samples were prepared by wet impregnation, characterized using N₂-sorption, X-ray diffraction, H₂-temperature-programmed reduction, temperature-programmed desorption of CO₂ and ammonia, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and tested for DRM at 800 °C and 42,000 mL/g.h GHSV. Results show that ZSM-5 zeolite can be beneficial in achieving high metal dispersion. The introduction of 2 wt% Ce to Ni₅/ZSM-5 increases the concentration of strong basic sites, resulting in improved catalytic performance from 37 % CH₄ conversion and 48 % CO₂ conversion for Ni₅/ZSM-5 to 55 % and 65 % on promoted Ni₅Ce₂/ZSM-5, respectively. Thus, the best results are observed on Ni₅Ce₂/ZSM-5 and an optimal H₂/CO ratio of 0.84 is achieved in this case. Upon decreasing GHSV to 15,000 mL/g.h, CH₄ and CO₂ conversions jump to 83 % and 88 %, respectively on Ni₅Ce₂/ZSM-5. Cerium doping produces more desirable strong basic sites and enhances NiO reducibility. This promotes CO₂ adsorption and drives the catalytic reaction towards syngas formation, which eventually results in increased efficiency and improved performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101901"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics, response surface methodology, and regeneration studies of MOF-derived Ni-Ce catalyst for dry reforming of methane","authors":"Ruth D. Alli,&nbsp;Nima Ghafarvand,&nbsp;Mohammad H. Sedghkerdar,&nbsp;Nader Mahinpey","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The MOF-derived bimetallic Ni-Ce catalyst was studied under three major headings: kinetics, stability and regeneration, and response surface methodology (RSM). The impact of reaction temperature and inlet gas flowrate on H₂/CO, CO₂ and CH₄ conversions in DRM were determined by using RSM and design of experiment (DOE). Optimal values, determined through RSM evaluation, revealed CO₂ and CH₄ conversions and H₂/CO ratio of 99 %, 96 %, and 0.98, respectively, achieved at a reaction temperature of 793 °C and an inlet flowrate of 0.03 mol/h. Furthermore, the kinetic assessment was evaluated using six kinetic models, with reversible Langmuir Hinshelwood and Power law models identified as the best fits. Also, the stability and 2-cycle regeneration analysis at 700 °C, 0.033 mol/h inlet gas flowrate, and a 1:1 CH₄:CO₂ ratio, showed the MOF-derived Ni-Ce catalyst stability and better regeneration was observed under CO₂ compared to air, as air regeneration caused a higher degree of sintering on the catalyst than CO₂ regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101898"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of ignition and activation energy distribution on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-ammonia-natural gas engines","authors":"Qingyang Ma,&nbsp;Jiayong Wang,&nbsp;Shouying Jin,&nbsp;Minshuo Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the performance and reduce emissions of ammonia-diesel engines, natural gas is employed as a partial substitute for diesel fuel. This substitution accelerates the combustion rate of ammonia fuel, resulting in improved engine efficiency and decreased emissions. This study investigates how variations in ignition energy (diesel quantity) and activation energy (natural gas quantity) distribution ratios affect engine combustion and emission characteristics through simulation. The study established six groups of operating conditions, with ignition energy ranging from 24 mg to 4 mg. The findings indicate that substituting part of the ignition energy with activation energy enhances the combustion efficiency of ammonia, increases the engine's indicated thermal efficiency and reduces ammonia slip. The optimal operating condition identified in this study is D16/N8, yielding a thermal efficiency of 51.0 %. Compared to the case without natural gas addition, NOx emissions increased, while other pollutants showed significant reductions. In particular, N₂O emissions decreased by 97 %, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions dropped by 57.2 %, ammonia slip was nearly eliminated, and unburned losses were minimal. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for further enhancing efficiency and reducing emissions in ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101903"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical diagnosis on combustion characteristics and flame development process of Fischer-Tropsch diesel/biodiesel blends","authors":"Wanchen Sun ,&nbsp;Wenpeng Zeng ,&nbsp;Liang Guo ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaodian Lin ,&nbsp;Genan Zhu ,&nbsp;Mengqi Jiang ,&nbsp;Changyou Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Taking advantage of the complementary physicochemical properties of biodiesel and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel, the use of FT diesel/biodiesel blends can potentially overcome the limitations of biodiesel and improve engine performance. In this study, the combustion and flame development characteristics of FT diesel/biodiesel blends at different loads and injection pressures were investigated on an optical engine. The results show that blending FT diesel with biodiesel reduces ignition delay (ID), improves fuel atomization, and increases indicative thermal efficiency by 2 %–4 % at 50 % FT diesel blending ratio (FT50) compared to pure biodiesel. At low and middle loads, blending FT diesel with biodiesel decreases fuel-bound oxygen concentration, increasing in-cylinder temperature and promoting soot generation. At high load, blending FT diesel with biodiesel promotes fuel atomization and evaporation, which restrains soot generation. Furthermore, increasing injection pressure can reduce local fuel-rich zones, and increase the combustion speed and thermal efficiency while suppressing soot generation. The greater the proportion of FT diesel, the more obvious its improvement in combustion. Specifically, FT50 increases indicative thermal efficiency by 2.3 % at an injection pressure of 140 MPa compared to 80 MPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101900"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction evolution and N product distribution during biomass co-pyrolysis for endogenous N-doping bio-carbon","authors":"Taipeng Mao ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongqing Feng ,&nbsp;Yuanbo Huang ,&nbsp;Ying Xu ,&nbsp;Xuebin Lin ,&nbsp;Jianming Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhijie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N-doping carbon material finds intriguing applications in electrochemistry, photochemistry, catalysis and adsorption scenarios. However, the conversion process of N-doping biochar from endogenous N biomass sources remains obscure. To gain deeper insights into the pyrolysis process and N element migration patterns of blended biomass feedstock, this study investigated the pyrolysis of selected biomass polymers using cellulose and chitin as representative nitrogen-free and nitrogen-containing polymers, respectively. Phenylalanine, a typical amino acid with high content in protein, was selected to investigate the influence of protein on cellulose and chitin conversion. Special attention was given to the presence and transformation patterns of N components during co-pyrolysis, with related possible co-pyrolysis mechanisms explored based on research findings. The results showed that the co-pyrolysis of phenylalanine with cellulose/chitin exhibited significant interactive effects, characterized by promotion in reaction kinetics and integration of N content in biochar, especially in the case of N-deficient cellulose. The interaction between pyrolysis products from phenylalanine and cellulose/chitin significantly changed the constituent of volatiles from pyrolysis with increased hydrocarbon content and reduced oxygenated content. And higher temperature and excess phenylalanine addition increased the variety of organic-N compounds, while amines, amides and quinolines consistently displayed high selectivity. The results provided theoretical and data references for high performance N-doping biochar production and low nitrogen emissions from natural blended biomass through thermal conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101902"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turbulent jet development of active pre-chamber fueled with zero-carbon fuel blends","authors":"Xinpeng Guo ,&nbsp;Tie Li ,&nbsp;Run Chen ,&nbsp;Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Shuai Huang ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Shiyan Li ,&nbsp;Ping Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2024.101881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition has the potential to enhance the combustion of low-reactivity fuels. However, the related fundamental studies on the jet ignition mechanism are inadequate, especially for the independent effects of the zero-carbon fuel blends on the jet development characteristics, isolating the impact of the main chamber combustion. In this work, the effects of the fuel compositions ranged from the 30%H₂+70%NH₃ blend to pure H₂ and also comprised the pure CH₄ for comparison and the initial pressures in the pre-chamber are studied by the two-pass high-speed Schlieren method. The results show that the hot turbulent jet developments present great differences for the pre-chamber charged with various H₂+NH₃ blends across the hydrogen blend ratios varying from 30 % to 100 % in volumetric fraction. Moreover, the evolutions of the hot turbulent jet from the pre-chamber charged with the 50%H₂+50%NH₃ blend and pure CH₄ are similar. As the initial pressure increases, there is a gradual deceleration in the development of the pre-chamber jet, and the turbulent jet development characteristics depend on the pressure ratio rather than the pressure difference across the pre-chamber and main chamber. This study could provide important insights for the development of zero-carbon fuel engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 101881"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}