Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Layered transition metal chalcogenides for the removal of elemental mercury from flue gas: a review","authors":"Siyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yanhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Yijun Wu ,&nbsp;Zheng Ji ,&nbsp;Ruitao Zhang ,&nbsp;Dan Zhang ,&nbsp;Mei Ma ,&nbsp;Min Li ,&nbsp;Jiang Wu ,&nbsp;Yang Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury and its compounds pose a significant threat to both ecological systems and human health due to their high toxicity and persistence in the environment. Controlling mercury emissions from flue gas, a major source of mercury pollutants, is considered a key task in ecological and environmental management and has garnered extensive research attention. Compared to traditional metal sulfide elemental mercury removal adsorbents, layered transition metal chalcogenides demonstrate superior performance in flue gas mercury removal due to their unique structure, which provides more abundant sulfur active sites. In this context, this study describes transition metal chalcogenides with layered structures used for flue gas mercury removal. In order to better utilize the structural advantages of layered transition metal chalcogenides, the modification methods of the adsorbents are discussed. Subsequently, the performance of the adsorbents for elemental mercury removal in complex flue gas environments was analyzed, along with a discussion of their recovery methods and regeneration performance. To further understand the underlying principles of elemental mercury removal by adsorbents, this article explores the mechanism of mercury removal from layered transition metal chalcogenide adsorbents based on experiments and machine learning to analyze possible reaction processes and adsorption pathways. However, overall, there are still areas for improvement in the study of elemental mercury removal by adsorbents of layered transition metal chalcogenide adsorbents. Therefore, this study presents several strategies to enhance their adsorption capacity for elemental mercury. This study serves as a reference for the design and development of adsorbents for elemental mercury removal using layered transition metal chalcogenides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102177"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the reaction mechanisms and pathways of shale oil sludge hydrothermal liquefaction","authors":"Da Cui ,&nbsp;Yaodong Xing ,&nbsp;Shuang Wu ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Jingru Bai ,&nbsp;Ji Li ,&nbsp;Qing Wang ,&nbsp;Jinghui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shale oil sludge (SOS), composed of shale dust, wastewater, and residual shale oil, is an industrial waste that is notoriously difficult to treat. This investigation explores the potential of subcritical water processing as an innovative and sustainable treatment methodology for SOS. HTL experiments of SOS were conducted at various temperatures and reaction times. The results indicate that the reaction temperature increased from 240 °C to 300 °C, and the energy recovery rate (ER) of hydrothermal oil (HTO) increased from 55.52 % to 65.64 % at a sludge-to-water ratio of 1:5 and a reaction time of 60 min. Through characterization of SOS and products, we found that HTL breaks up the emulsification state of SOS and achieves dehydration and oil extraction of SOS. SOS gradually generated HTO, hydrochar, and water through depolymerization and demulsification. A total of 12 types of reactions that may occur in HTO during hydrothermal reaction were identified, such as depolymerization, aromatization, pyrolysis, hydration and others. Finally, the causal relationships between hydrothermal processing parameters and the resulting composition and structure of HTO are explained. The reaction pathways of HTO components and the hydrothermal reaction mechanism of SOS are also reported. This paper provides an important basis for the harmless use of SOS and other oily sludge as resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N2O formation pathways in swirl-stabilised NH3/CH4 and NH3/Biogas combustion","authors":"Xu Zhao ,&nbsp;Yongcai Zhang ,&nbsp;Guo Ren Mong ,&nbsp;Jong Boon Ooi ,&nbsp;Keng Yinn Wong ,&nbsp;Chun Kit Ang ,&nbsp;Wei Hong Lim ,&nbsp;Meng-Choung Chiong","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effects of inlet temperature and CO₂ dilution on the N₂O formation mechanisms in NH₃/CH₄ and NH₃/biogas swirl combustion. Key reactions governing N₂O kinetics include the formation pathways NH + NO ⇌ N₂O + H and NNH + O ⇌ N₂O + H, as well as the primary consumption pathway N₂O + H ⇌ N₂ + OH. At a global equivalence ratio (<em>φ</em>_<em>G</em>) of 0.8, the introduction of CO₂ effectively suppresses N₂O formation in NH₃ flames by reducing the concentrations of H, O, and OH radicals. In contrast, increasing the inlet temperature accelerates the N₂O formation rate, enhancing its retention in the flame. Under fuel-rich conditions (<em>φ</em>_<em>G</em> = 1.1), CO₂ dilution generally reduces N₂O emissions and exhibits a trend dependent on NH₃ blending levels and temperature, with elevated inlet temperatures consistently suppressing N₂O formation. The findings indicate that effective control of N₂O emissions can be achieved by optimizing the CO₂ dilution ratio and inlet temperature based on the ammonia blending ratio. The results contribute to the advancement of clean energy technologies by informing the design of low-emission fuel strategies involving ammonia and renewable fuel mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102176"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced low-temperature NH3-SCR performance via acid-modified CuCeO catalysts with balanced redox and acidity","authors":"Jiaxuan Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Jia ,&nbsp;Jiuhong Wei ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Yuqiong Zhao ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Li ,&nbsp;Guojie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen oxide (NO_x) is one of the major sources of air pollution, and the development of efficient and stable catalysts for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x is still a major challenge. In this paper, we prepared acid-treated CuCeO catalysts by precipitation and wet impregnation methods. The experimental results showed that although the sulfuric acid treatment led to a decrease in the number of oxygen vacancies of the CuCeO catalyst and hindered the adsorption of NO, the quantity and intensity of the Brønsted acid sites of the catalyst were significantly enhanced, and the balance between the redox capacity and the acidity allowed the H₂SO₄-treated CuCeO catalysts to exhibit a 100 % NO_x conversion and N₂ selectivity. Meanwhile, sulfuric acid treatment attenuated the peroxidation of NH₃, resulting in improved both high-temperature catalytic performance and selectivity. Additionally, in situ DRIFTS results showed that the H₂SO₄-treated CuCeO catalysts primarily operated via the L-H mechanism at lower temperatures, whereas at higher temperatures, they followed the E-R mechanism. This research offers both experimental findings and theoretical perspectives that contribute to the advancement of high-performance CuCe-based catalysts for NH₃-SCR applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102179"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals migration and ash slagging/fouling behaviors during co-combustion of coal slime and biomass","authors":"Xiufen Ma ,&nbsp;Xianjun Xing ,&nbsp;Peiyong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the migration characteristics of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) during the co-combustion of coal slime (CS) and biomass. The effects of combustion temperature, blending ratio, biomass types, and mineral additives on heavy metal behavior were examined in detail. Additionally, the risk of ash slagging and fouling was predicted, and the influence relationship of various factors on heavy metal retention rates was studied by correlation analysis. Data indicated that the co-combustion of CS and moso bamboo (MB) at high temperatures (≥1050 °C) facilitated the enrichment of Cr, Ni, and As in bottom ash but hindered that of Zn, Pb, and Cd. Interactions among heavy metal migration were observed during CS-MB co-combustion, with all different ratio samples promoting the enrichment of Cr, Ni, As, and Cd in bottom ash. A CS: MB ratio of 5:5 was recommended based on heavy metal retention rates and interaction effects. The influence of biomass types on the migration of Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb was insignificant. Adding Fe₂O₃ or CaO minerals effectively increased the Cr retention rate, and 10 % Fe₂O₃ or CaO addition was recommended to enrich heavy metals in bottom ash. CS-MB co-combustion effectively mitigated the ash slagging and fouling risks associated with MB combustion, and an MB ratio of less than 70 % was recommended to avoid ash slagging and fouling. Moreover, the combustion temperature exhibited an extremely strong negative correlation with Zn and Pb retention rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102169"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of ammonia addition on soot particle microstructure and formation in propane diffusion flames","authors":"Yang Hua ,&nbsp;Yiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Liwei Xia ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhuang ,&nbsp;Bochao Xu ,&nbsp;Mengyao Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia (NH₃), as a zero-carbon fuel, has drawbacks such as difficult ignition, slow combustion, and poor stability, limiting its application as a single fuel. The combined combustion of NH₃ and hydrocarbons is a feasible solution, but inevitably brings soot particle emission problem. This work investigated the effects of NH₃ addition to propane (C₃H₈) on soot particle microstructure and formation experimentally and numerically. The results showed that NH₃ addition shift the flame orange-yellow region downstream, reduces its area fraction, and delays the initial soot formation. The soot concentration decreases with increasing NH₃ blending ratio. Adding 20 %, 40 % and 60 % NH₃ decreases the peak mean size of primary particles by 3.78 %, 8.17 % and 23.61 %, respectively. At the nanoscale, NH₃-blended flames exhibit a reduced mean fringe length, increased fringe tortuosity and inter-fringe spacing compared to pure C₃H₈, indicating a lower graphitization degree and enhanced oxidation reactivity. Molecular dynamics indicated that addition of NH₃ delays initial carbon ring formation, reduces PAHs size, and forms N-PAHs hindering collision growth of PAHs. Kinetic analysis revealed that NH₃ addition triggers C-N cross-reactions to form CH₂NH₂ and CH₂NH, thereby reducing the key intermediate C₃H₃ for A1 formation, and inhibiting C₂H₂ formation, thus hindering both C₂H₂→C₃H₃→A1 pathway and HACA mechanism to inhibit large PAHs formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102172"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgrading of sisal-derived bio-oil employing platinum-supported hierarchical HZSM-5 derived from coal fly ash silica","authors":"Erlan A. Pacheco ,&nbsp;Sirlene B. Lima ,&nbsp;Guilherme S. Barbosa ,&nbsp;George M. de Lima ,&nbsp;Edinilson R. Camelo ,&nbsp;Cesário F. das Virgens ,&nbsp;Carlos Augusto de M. Pires ,&nbsp;Maria do Carmo Rangel","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates sisal residue-derived bio-oil hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) using platinum-impregnated, hierarchically structured HZSM-5 zeolites synthesized from coal fly ash silica. The silica extraction achieved a 35 wt% yield with 97 % purity. Zeolites were hierarchized via desilication (0.05–0.20 M NaOH) and loaded with 1 wt% Pt. The HZ05Pt catalyst (moderate desilication) exhibited superior performance, increasing hydrocarbon yield to 68.8 %, with enhanced selectivity for C₉–C₁₂ (15.89 %) and C₁₃–C₂₀ (30.86 %) fractions, and reducing oxygen content to 14.26 wt% (O/C = 0.15). In contrast, excessive desilication (HZ20Pt) led to reduced activity and higher oxygen retention (25.03 wt%), indicating structural degradation. Nitrogen-containing compounds remained largely unconverted, suggesting limited hydrodenitrogenation. The results highlight the synergistic effect of moderate hierarchization and platinum incorporation in producing stable, energy-dense biofuels. Additionally, using coal fly ash as a silica source reinforces the process's sustainability and circular economy potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102171"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-value monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons produced by a catalytic pyrolysis of oil shale","authors":"Zhaoyang Ren ,&nbsp;Jian-Zheng Su ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Xiang-Long Meng ,&nbsp;Guangwei Geng ,&nbsp;Guojing Xu ,&nbsp;Zhenpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Penglei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expeditious exhaustion of conventional fossil resources of limited reserves strongly calls for new routes for the manufacture of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs), especially methyl-benzenes such as benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX), which are amongst the top 15 commodity petrochemicals and account for 30% of petrochemical products. Taking sulfated <em>γ</em>-alumina catalyst as a proof-of-concept example, we herein report our efforts <em>via</em> a catalyst-assisted pyrolysis of oil shale (OS), which is strategic unconventional fossil resources of huge reserves. We find that upon introduction of sulfated <em>γ</em>-alumina into OS pyrolyses, the MAHs proportion in the as-produced petroleum-like fuels (PLFs) increases by 275.0%, where the content of methyl-benzenes, BTX and xylene increases by 232.1%, 443.8% and 1220.0%, respectively. Besides, the catalyst could promote evident improvements in pyrolyzates quality, where the respective content of heteroatomic compounds and hydrocarbons displays 31.5% decrease and 51.2% increase, and the respective proportion of short-chain and long-chain hydrocarbons exhibits 82.4% rise and 81.0% drop. Moreover, the content of pyrroles and thiophenes, which are usually undesired species for PLFs, but are valuable heterocyclic aromatics widely used as feedstocks in numerous important industrial/scientific fields, is enriched by 253.8% and 75.9%, respectively. It is unveiled that the concentration and strength of the Brønsted acids of our sulfated <em>γ</em>-alumina are respectively larger and stronger than those of its Lewis acids such that their collaborate-competition actions confer it with fascinating catalytic attributes. Our work likely launches new opportunities for manufacturing MAHs, and it might provide guidance for designing sophisticated catalyst of much more satisfactory performances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102170"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of biocrude oil obtained from the catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal sewage sludge with a Ni-based hydrochar","authors":"Qingshan Liu ,&nbsp;Ya Wei ,&nbsp;Donghai Xu ,&nbsp;Pan Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Pavel Alexandrovich Strizhak ,&nbsp;Vadim Anatolievich Yakovlev","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) technology for municipal sewage sludge (referred to as sludge) treatment presents an effective method to improve organic matter content in sludges. However, challenges remain, particularly regarding the optimization of biocrude oil yield and by-product management during the process. In this paper, a catalyst was prepared by loading NiO with hydrochar (HC), a product of calcined HTL solid-phase product of sludge, as a carrier, and the NiO/HC catalyst was used in the hydrothermal liquefaction process of sludge. The performance of the catalyst was evaluated. The catalytic pattern of NiO/HC catalysts for hydrothermal liquefaction of sludge was systematically investigated by varying the key reaction parameters such as hydrothermal liquefaction reaction temperatures, times, and catalyst loadings. During the calcination process of the solid-phase product, some of the crystals grow along a specific direction, forming a fibrous structure with rough surface pores, which increases the contact area with the reactants, so the loaded NiO can increase the active sites on the surface. The NiO particles are uniformly distributed on the HC surface and show certain aggregation characteristics. Biocrude oil overwhelmingly increased with reaction temperature and reaction time increasing, and increased with catalyst loading decreasing. The highest yield of biocrude oil was obtained at 350 °C, 60 min and 5 wt% catalyst, which reached up to 17.93 wt%. The highest quality of biocrude oil was obtained at 325 °C, 20 min, and 10 wt% catalyst, at which time the higher heating value (HHV) reached 39.40 MJ kg⁻¹ and the recovery rate (ER) reached 50.91 %. Compared with conventional catalysts, NiO/HC catalysts exhibit better stability and reusability. By adjusting the reaction parameters, the yield and quality of biocrude oil can be further improved. It provides theoretical support for the resource utilization of sludge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting effect of calcium substitution of La-Fe based perovskites for enhanced cellulose and lignin biomass CO2 gasification","authors":"Mingyu Ma,&nbsp;Yang Chen,&nbsp;Xi Wang,&nbsp;Juan Wu,&nbsp;Dengxin Li,&nbsp;Wenjing Sang,&nbsp;Shihong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass CO₂ gasification produces green high-quality syngas through the re-utilization of CO₂, which is a highly promising and efficient low-carbon technology. This work investigated the effect of Ca doping on CO₂ catalytic gasification performance over La-Fe based perovskite catalysts of cellulose-rich biomass (Straw, ST) and lignin-rich biomass (Coconut shell, CS) feedstocks. Comprehensive characterization techniques including XRD, XPS, SEM, BET, Raman spectra and TG were employed to analyze structural evolution and physicochemical properties. The experimental results showed that Ca doping significantly improved catalytic activity. Among them, L6C4FO exhibited superior catalytic performance compared to other samples, with total syngas yields of 1.81 times (699.62 mL/g) and 3.66 times (938.03 mL/g) higher than the non-catalytic samples of ST and CS, respectively. Moreover, it also demonstrated good stability in the cyclic gasification experiments. The characterization results revealed two compensation mechanisms dependent on Ca doping levels. Below 40 % substitution at A-sites, oxygen vacancy formation served as the primary charge compensation mechanism, substantially enhancing gasification activity. At higher doping concentrations (&gt;40 %), the increase in Fe valence state became main compensation mechanism while oxygen vacancy generation was constrained. Additionally, the substitution of Ca significantly enhanced the surface basicity, which improved the adsorption and activation ability of CO₂. This study provides valuable applications for the perovskite modification strategies and the efficient CO₂ biomass catalytic gasification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102173"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}