Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Detailed molecular dynamic study on benzene decomposition and soot formation over Fe2O3(0 0 1) surface under external electric field (EEF) during chemical looping gasification","authors":"Siwen Zhang,&nbsp;Shanhui Zhao,&nbsp;Haiming Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tar is an obstacle for biomass gasification industrialization. Tar catalytic decomposition over iron-based oxygen carrier under external electric field (EEF) was firstly studied using molecular dynamic method in this work. The results indicate that significant polymerization occurs during the pyrolysis of benzene, leading to the formation of large-molecular PAHs and soot. DFT calculation proves that EFF reduces that band gap of benzene from 0.24262 (without EEF) to 0.05755 (EFF = X+0.04a.u.), which indicates that intensive EEF will active benzene molecule largely by changing the polarization and the polarity. ReaxFF MD modeling results show that intensive EEF (0.5 V/Å and 1 V/Å) could inhibit to formation of soot as well as enhance the decomposition rate of benzene. EEF inhibits the polymerization reaction of benzene, and more small molecules (mainly hydrocarbons) are produced, in which hydrogen yield is inhibited. Fe₂O₃(0 0 1) surface could active benzene molecule by adsorbing hydrogen atom to form C₆H₅. At 2000K, the conversion rate of benzene reaches 86.8 % at 400ps in the presence of Fe₂O₃. EEF also affects the catalytic cracking of benzene. When the electric field intensity is 0.3 V/Å, the yield of CO is improved by 61.5 % compared with the pyrolysis without electric field. The combination of Fe₂O₃(0 0 1) and EEF could achieve high-efficient tar removal during chemical looping gasification of biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary behavior of bed materials in oxygen Carrier–Aided combustion of biomass","authors":"Ma Jinchen,&nbsp;Mi Yingjie,&nbsp;Zhao Haibo","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of oxygen carrier–aided combustion (OCAC), referring to partial or complete substitution of conventional inert bed materials with oxygen carriers (OCs), in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) offers advantages such as uniform distribution of temperature and oxygen (lattice and gaseous), potentially decreasing CO, CH₄, and NO emissions in flue gas. In this study, pine wood chips were employed as the fuel source, while natural hematite was utilized as the OC. The effects of OC proportion (<em>Φ</em> = 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %) and air-to-fuel ratio (<em>λ</em> = 1.0 and 1.1) on OCAC performance were evaluated in a 0.5 kW_th fluidized bed reactor operated for 30 h. The effects of lattice oxygen (provided by OCs) and gaseous oxygen (in the air) on CO₂ yield and combustion efficiency were assessed. The results indicated that the inclusion of OCs significantly decreased CO, CH₄, and NO emissions, with CO and CH₄ emissions declining by 55.59 % ± 5.32 % and 55.98 % ± 5.96 % respectively, at <em>λ</em> = 1.0, and NO conversion declining from 1.9 % ± 0.18 % (100 wt% SiO₂) to 0.89 % ± 0.09 % (50 wt% Fe₂O₃). The highest CO₂ gas yield (89.45 % ± 1.05 %) and combustion efficiency (82.98 % ± 1.22 %) were achieved at <em>λ</em> = 1.1 and <em>Φ</em> = 75 %. Notably, OCAC performance gradually diminished with increased operating time of the CFB boiler, which was attributed to the detrimental effect of biomass ash. The used OC was entirely encased within biomass ash, creating an ash shell structure that blocked OC particle pores and negatively affected gas–solid contact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102124"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiesel/alcohol blends as fuel for compression ignition engines – a review","authors":"Arkadiusz Jamrozik","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The replacement of petroleum-based fuels with alternative fuels derived from renewable resources remains a critical aspect of the development of combustion engines, both in the automotive sector and the energy industry. This study presents a review of the literature on the combustion, performance, and emissions of compression ignition (CI) engines using a blend-mode technology, where the co-combustion of various types of biodiesel with six alcohol-based fuels—methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, and octanol was examined. The research focused on engines operating at a constant rotational speed and under maximum or near-maximum load conditions. The analysis explored the impact of alcohol additives, expressed as relative percentage changes in selected engine performance parameters compared to a reference fuel. The reference fuel varied in each case, depending on the studies referenced in the manuscript. This literature review is among the few that comprehensively presents the potential of using blends of various renewable fuels in diesel engines within a single study. The review covers several types of biodiesel, six types of alcohols, and a range of engine operational parameters, including ignition delay, combustion duration, maximum in-cylinder pressure, maximum heat release rate, thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, coefficient of variation of indicated mean effective pressure, and emissions of NO_x, HC, CO, and Soot. The research findings indicate that the addition of alcohol to biodiesel in the CI engine cylinder increases ignition delay, shortens combustion duration, raises the maximum heat release rate, and causes an increase in cycle-to-cycle variability of engine operation. The impact of alcohol on engine efficiency is inconclusive and depends on the specifics of the study and engine type. For alcohol content up to 30 %, the addition of alcohol increases NO_x emissions, while above 30 %, it leads to a reduction in NO_x emissions. Partial substitution of biodiesel with alcohol-based fuel in a CI engine results in higher HC emissions, while reducing CO and Soot emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgrading pyrolysis liquid from high-density polyethylene to fuel-like hydrocarbons by catalytic transfer hydrogenation with a NaBH4 hydrogen donor","authors":"Kanticha Lomhual ,&nbsp;Worasak Phetwarotai ,&nbsp;Neeranuch Phusunti","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pyrolysis of plastic waste is a promising upcycling process that recovers high-value chemicals and fuel-like hydrocarbons. However, the high content of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis liquid produces low-stability fuels that are highly polluting and damage engines. Unsaturated hydrocarbons can be converted to saturated hydrocarbons by hydrogenation, which upgrades the pyrolysis liquid and enhances its value. In this work, a pyrolysis liquid obtained from high-density polyethylene was upgraded by the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of alkenes in a one-pot reaction over metal catalysts using sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) as a liquid hydrogen source in place of hydrogen gas. Both single metal catalysts (Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Mn) and binary metal catalysts were used. The binary catalysts were all based on Cu (Co/Cu, Fe/Cu, Ni/Cu, and Mn/Cu). Co and Ni showed significant catalytic activity for upgrading the pyrolysis liquid with alkene conversion of 61 % and 52 %, respectively. Co/Cu introduced synergetic catalytic activity and increased the alkene conversion to 66 %. While Fe and Mn/Cu catalysts did not support the hydrogenation of alkenes. The ratio between Co and Cu at 4:1 in the binary metal catalyst led to the highest alkene conversion, and the NaBH₄ loading also influenced the conversion of alkenes. The feasibility of hydrogenating alkenes at room temperature was investigated. This simple, green, and economic hydrogenation process converted up to 77 % of unsaturated hydrocarbons as alkenes to saturated hydrocarbons as alkanes. The alkane content in the processed pyrolysis liquid was as high as 80 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102132"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil using MCM-41-supported metal","authors":"Sabrina Amaral,&nbsp;Erlan Pacheco,&nbsp;Sirlene Barbosa Lima,&nbsp;Carlos Augusto Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review article highlights the importance of mesoporous material MCM-41 in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oils, a crucial process for converting biomass into high-quality biofuels. Bio-oil, derived from the fast pyrolysis of biomass, contains a high concentration of oxygenated compounds that compromise its stability and miscibility with fossil fuels. HDO selectively removes this oxygen, enhancing its properties and enabling its energetic application. This study explores the influence of MCM-41-supported catalysts on process efficiency, attributed to their high surface area and thermal stability. Incorporating metals such as Ni, Co, Mo, and Pd improves HDO selectivity, promoting essential reactions for converting oxygenated compounds. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the necessity of bifunctional catalysts to minimize coke formation and enhance the industrial feasibility of the process, providing valuable guidelines for future research aimed at optimizing HDO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102127"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of biomass energy: thermal conversion, biogas yield, and machine learning insights","authors":"Mathurin François,&nbsp;Kuen-Song Lin,&nbsp;Jamshid Hussain,&nbsp;Ndumiso Vukile Mdlovu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass is a promising feedstock that can be used to reduce the reliance on fossil fuel sources. This review has two main objectives: (i) to investigate the effects of temperature on the energy yield and higher heating value (HHV) of torrefied feedstocks and (ii) to provide an overview of biomass composition and its impact on conversion processes. The novelty of this review lies in highlighting that the physical and chemical properties of biomass largely depend on feedstock sources, which substantially influence conversion processes. Biomass bonds and moisture content are among the primary challenges for conversion, necessitating the selection of appropriate techniques. This review emphasizes that HHV and energy recovery from biomass raw materials are influenced by temperature when torrefaction and pyrolysis are adopted as the thermal pretreatment processes. HHV and energy recovery values range from 74.4 to 89.3%, when torrefaction is performed at temperatures between 250 and 300 °C. HHV can reach up to 35.26 MJ/kg under appropriate conditions, including the use of suitable feedstocks, temperatures, and durations. Cellulose and hemicellulose are more suitable for biochemical processes and positively impact yields, whereas lignin is better suited for thermochemical techniques but may hinder overall yields due to its recalcitrant nature. Moreover, this review introduces a novel classification system linking biomass composition to optimal conversion pathways, providing a new framework to improve biomass utilization efficiency and renewable energy production. Besides, it highlights the role of machine learning (ML) in predicting biogas yield with an accuracy of up to 1.0, which optimizes biomass conversion and improves energy recovery efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration on feasibility of novel purification-combustion technology in activation, high-efficiency combustion and NOx emission reduction of typical low-quality carbonaceous fuels","authors":"Shuyun Li ,&nbsp;Kun Su ,&nbsp;Hongliang Ding ,&nbsp;Ziqu Ouyang ,&nbsp;Hongshuai Wang ,&nbsp;Qisi Chen ,&nbsp;Lingming Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the utilization efficiency of low-quality carbonaceous fuels and reduce NO_<em>x</em> emissions during their utilization, exploring innovative technologies for clean and effective combustion was essential. Purification-combustion technology exhibited great advantages in fuel activation, high-efficiency combustion and NO_<em>x</em> emission reduction. The novelty of this study was associated with an in-depth analysis of the feasibility of this technology in clean and effective combustion of low-quality carbonaceous fuels. This study investigated two-stage fuel modification, combustion and NO_<em>x</em> emission characteristics of bituminous coal, semi-coke and lean coal in a 30-kW purification-combustion test bench and compared their differences of carbonaceous fuels with different qualities. Purifying burner exhibited significant benefits in enhancing particle structure and reactivity of low-quality carbonaceous fuels, including specific surface area, pore diameter, pore volume, carbon microcrystalline structure and fuel conversion rates. The differences in these indexes of the reductive chars between bituminous coal and the other two low-quality carbonaceous fuels was smaller than those of the activated char, proving the advantages of purification-combustion on the modification of low-quality carbonaceous fuels. Additionally, purification-combustion technology exhibited great advantages in realizing clean and effective combustion of low-quality carbonaceous fuels. NO_<em>x</em> emissions remained below 100.00 mg/m³ when semi-coke and lean coal were used as raw materials, and they were close to those with bituminous coal as raw material. By contrast, though the difference in combustion efficiency was larger, it still remained at about 98.00 % when semi-coke and lean coal were used as raw materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of preheating temperature and electrode consumption in a plasma gasification system for waste processing","authors":"Tejashwi Rana,&nbsp;Satyananda Kar","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the present challenges in waste management and the constraints of existing conventional technologies, comprehensive research into enhanced waste treatment facilities is needed. This study focuses on optimizing the operational parameters necessary to achieve a preheating temperature of 850 °C, a critical threshold for effective waste treatment. The experiments are carried out for various carrier gases at 250 A and 300 A with a voltage range of 25–35 V to analyse chamber temperature profiles over an hour and identify the suitable carrier gas for minimal power consumption. The carrier gases are argon, nitrogen, air, and mixtures such as argon-nitrogen and argon-air. The optimized cases identified include argon plasma (15 LPM, 300A), achieved 850 °C in 16 min with a power consumption of 1.95 kW; air plasma (15 LPM, 300 A), attained in 20 min, consuming 2.33 kW, and argon-air plasma (10 LPM &amp; 5 LPM, 300A) in 20 min with 2.23 kW. Also, an electrode consumption study assesses its long-term operational feasibility. The lowest electrode consumption is observed with argon-nitrogen plasma (9 g/h for anode and 3 g/h for cathode), while argon-air plasma exhibited the highest (66 g/h for the anode and 48 g/h for the cathode).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102122"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption separation of gaseous pollutants over porous carbon materials: a review","authors":"Ruixuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Jinhui Guo ,&nbsp;Hong Pang ,&nbsp;Dong Zhao ,&nbsp;Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various gaseous pollutants, including CH₄, CO₂, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), SO₂, H₂S and NH₃ <em>etc</em>., have significantly contributed to the perceptible deterioration of air quality. This review focuses on the utilization of the typical porous carbon materials, such as activated carbon, carbon molecular sieve, activated carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, and graphene, <em>etc</em>. for air purification and pollution abatement. Their distinct physical and chemical properties were examined, which are crucial for the effectiveness and efficiency in adsorption processes. Furthermore, the enhancement of porous carbon materials' adsorption capabilities through physical activation (CO₂ and H₂O activation) and chemical modification (acid and alkali treatments and nitrogen doping) were also summarized. Additionally, the potential adsorption mechanisms for various pollutant gases were elaborated on different adsorbents. Finally, this review concludes the prevailing challenges and offers prospects on the future research endeavors in gaseous pollutants adsorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102129"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of twin spark on performance and emissions of methanol fueled direct injection engine under multi-injection approach","authors":"Javed Ahamad,&nbsp;Parmod Kumar,&nbsp;Atul Dhar","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A numerical investigation is done from the inlet valve closing to the exhaust valve opening at three different fuel injection timings with 0° and 2° crank angle dwell timings. Injection timing is advanced from −23° to −31° crank angle after top dead centre (CA ATDC) at fixed spark timing of −2° crank angle under a compression ratio of 17.3, having an engine speed of 1200 revolutions per minute (RPM). The performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of single and dual spark plug-assisted direct injection spark ignition methanol engine, are compared under pilot (1): main (3) injection approach. Indicated thermal efficiency is higher for dual spark plugs than single spark-plug under both dwell timings. Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and unburned methanol emissions decreased for dual spark plug (SP) than single spark plug (SP); however, NO_x emission is observed to be higher due to a higher rate of peak pressure rise and combustion temperature under both dwell timings. This study also demonstrates the influence of dual spark plugs on swirl, tumble, air-fuel mixing behaviour, and flame speed under a pilot-to-main injection mass ratio of 1:3. Instead of showing any noticeable enhancement in swirl motion, dual spark plug (DSP) encourages tumble motion, which may be an appropriate reason for improved combustion, which further increases indicated thermal efficiency and reduces exhaust emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102120"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}