Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Numerical analysis of ammonia/coal-volatile combustion under water dilution conditions","authors":"Yueru Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jieyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xianran Zhu ,&nbsp;Chunjie Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia (NH₃)/coal co-combustion offers an effective approach for reducing carbon emissions from coal-fired boilers while enhancing the combustion characteristics of NH₃. The addition of NH₃ introduces fuel-N, and the use of water vapor dilution combustion technology can help lower NO_X emissions. However, the use of H₂O vapor as a diluent in combustion, particularly within NH₃-coal-volatile co-combustion systems, remains under researched. This study addresses the gap by examining different NH₃ and H₂O ratios. A new NH₃/coal-volatile co-combustion mechanism was developed. The flame propagation characteristics of the laminar flame were analyzed. Additionally, the H/O/OH/CH₃ free radical pool was observed, and chemical reaction kinetics were analyzed to understand the mechanisms behind NO_X (NO and N₂O) reduction. The results indicate that increasing the ratio of H₂O to NH₃ significantly reduces the laminar burning velocity while increasing the flame thickness. Such change also decreases and delays the peak mole fractions of H/O/OH radicals. Under stoichiometric conditions, H₂O promotes the NH₂+NO reaction. H₂O also enhancing the thermal DeNO_X process and effectively inhibiting NO generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102093"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-pyrolysis of cellulose and polyethylene terephthalate from waste textiles for fuel gas production by synergistic effect","authors":"Ludi Wang ,&nbsp;Peimin Liang ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Tian ,&nbsp;Liujie Xu ,&nbsp;Qingbin Song ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Difficulty in separating natural and synthetic fibers in blended textiles challenges the resourcing of waste textiles. Pyrolysis is an essential process for energy conversion of waste, but the mechanism of co-pyrolysis from blended textiles to syngas production is not clear. For this, the impact of synergistic effects on product distribution in the co-pyrolysis of cellulose (CE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from waste textiles was investigated. The composition and distribution of the gaseous products with different ratios of CE/PET blends were focused on, and the optimized blending ratios were determined in association with thermogravimetric analyses. Then, the contribution of catalytic co-pyrolysis to the fuel gas (a summary of H₂, CH₄, and CO) production was tested. Bio-calcium-based MgO-CaO from oyster shells was used as a catalyst for the co-pyrolysis of CE/PET blends. The enhancement of fuel gas production by synergistic effect during the co-pyrolysis of cellulose and polyethylene terephthalate was revealed. The CE/PET blends with a mass ratio of 3.5:6.5 exhibited the highest fuel gas yield due to the strongest synergistic effect during the co-pyrolysis process. The distribution of small molecular gases has been enhanced due to the impact of synergistic effects, leading to a notable increase in CO yield. Data analysis reveals that the CE/PET blend at the specified ratio yielded a fuel gas output of 13.85 mmol/g with a measured higher heating value (HHV) of 276.87 kJ/mol at a temperature of 850 °C, corresponding to a fuel gas distribution of 67.43 %. Furthermore, in the context of catalytic co-pyrolysis, the fuel gas yield was significantly enhanced to 19.66 mmol/g, accompanied by an improved HHV of 304.68 kJ/mol and a fuel gas distribution of 78.64 %. This work offers a novel perspective on the high-value utilization of fibers with different compositions from blended waste textiles via co-pyrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102095"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The migration and transformation mechanism of N in ammonia/coal volatile co-combustion: Experimental and quantum chemical calculation","authors":"Ping Chen ,&nbsp;Longxiang Qiao ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Mingyan Gu ,&nbsp;Kun Luo ,&nbsp;Xun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is very important to understand the NO formation characteristics and N conversion mechanism of ammonia/coal volatile combustion for low nitrogen combustion during ammonia-coal co-combustion. In this work, constant temperature furnace experiment and quantum chemistry calculation were used to study the migration and transformation characteristics of N for ammonia/coal volatile co-combustion. The experimental results showed that the ammonia blending ratio and temperature have significant effects on the formation of NO in volatile combustion. When the ammonia ratio was less than 10 %, volatile combustion preceded ammonia combustion, and unburned ammonia reduced part of NO at high temperature, so that the stable concentration of NO in ammonia/volatile combustion increased first and then decreased with the temperature increasing. The combustion performance of ammonia was enhanced with the further increase of ammonia blending ratio, and the stable concentration of NO in ammonia/volatile combustion gradually increased with the temperature increasing. The theoretical calculation showed that the ammonia/volatile co-combustion system firstly oxidized ammonia-N, and then oxidized C and N in the volatile. The addition of ammonia reduced the rate-limiting step barrier value of volatile-N oxidation about 53.11 kJ/mol or 99.11 kJ/mol, and promoted the formation of N-containing oxidation products in co-combustion system. The kinetic results showed that the rate-limiting step reaction rate of ammonia/volatile co-combustion system was about 2–4 orders of magnitude higher than that of pure volatile oxidation, and the formation rate of NO gradually increased with the increase of temperature. The theoretical calculation confirmed the experimental phenomenon and revealed the molecular mechanism of N conversion in ammonia/volatile combustion system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102091"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the reaction mechanism for hydrogen production from rice straw gasification in supercritical water based on ReaxFF","authors":"Liang Wu ,&nbsp;Shenghui Rao ,&nbsp;Lihu Zhong ,&nbsp;Runqiu Dong ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Peng ,&nbsp;Le Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Yi ,&nbsp;Zhigang Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG) is an efficient technology for converting biomass waste into hydrogen-rich gas. In this study, we investigated the gasification process of rice straw under SCW conditions using ReaxFF reactive force field molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with experimental validation. The effects of temperature, reactant concentration, and reaction time on gasification efficiency were explored. The results show that under conditions of 4500 K, 3 wt%, and 500 ps, the gasification rate reaches its optimum, with the selectivity proportion of three gases comprising approximately 70 % of the total gas yield. Furthermore, we focused on the radical reactions of water in SCW and the decomposition pathways of cellulose and hemicellulose. Radicals (such as H, OH, and H₃O⁺) generated from water under supercritical conditions drive hydrogen production through dynamic equilibrium reactions. In the reaction pathway, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in rice straw are first hydrolyzed into small molecular monomers, which subsequently undergo dehydrogenation, deoxygenation, ring-opening, and free radical reactions to produce hydrogen and other gaseous products. This study not only provides in-depth insights into the reaction mechanisms of rice straw during SCWG but also offers theoretical guidance for optimizing SCWG systems and advancing their industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102097"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superior ZnO-tolerant ability of the CeOx-WO3 mixed oxide catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3","authors":"Dong Ye ,&nbsp;Yifeng Xu ,&nbsp;Jingyi Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Li Sun ,&nbsp;Kai Zhu ,&nbsp;Ruitang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article demonstrates the superior ZnO tolerance of the CeO_<em>x</em>-WO₃ (CeW) mixed oxide, using the commercialized V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ (VW/Ti) catalyst as a reference. Both fresh CeW and VW/Ti catalysts exhibited &gt;90 % NO_<em>x</em> conversion at temperatures above 300 °C. However, Upon ZnO introduction, the NO_<em>x</em> conversion of both catalysts displayed a declining trend. Notably, at a ZnO loading of 7 wt%, the CeW catalyst maintained &gt;80 % NO_<em>x</em> conversion, while the VW/Ti catalyst showed nearly 0 % NO_<em>x</em> elimination under the same conditions. Characterizations results revealed that loading 3 wt% resulted in a 79 % loss of acid sites on the VW/Ti catalyst. This significant reduction in acidity hindered NH₃ utilization for NO_<em>x</em> reduction, overweighing the positive effects of enhanced NH₃ activation through improved oxidative capacity. Additionally, NO_<em>x</em> adsorption on the ZnO-poisoned catalyst surface formed inert nitrate species, which covered active sites, thereby explaining the severe ZnO-induced deactivation of the VW/Ti composite. In contrast, the ZnO-poisoned CeW catalyst retained moderate acidity, preserving 79 % of its acid sites for NH₃ adsorption. This substantial retention of acid sites ensured the effective progression of NO_<em>x</em> elimination reactions, accounting for the satisfactory ZnO resistance of the CeW catalyst. These finding provide valuable insights for addressing the challenge of stable catalyst operation under ZnO-rich conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102096"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical looping combustion of blast furnace gas from the iron and steel industry","authors":"Mumin Rao ,&nbsp;Xiangbo Zou ,&nbsp;Cao Kuang ,&nbsp;Yumeng Chen ,&nbsp;Zhihui Hu ,&nbsp;Zirong Shen ,&nbsp;Mengshuang Li ,&nbsp;Lecan Huang ,&nbsp;Haiying Zhao ,&nbsp;Xianyu Liu ,&nbsp;Jinchen Ma ,&nbsp;Haibo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical looping combustion (CLC), an <em>in-situ</em> carbon capture technology, has the potential to simultaneously achieve energy utilization and CO₂ enrichment of blast furnace gas (BFG) from the iron and steel industry. The well-designed experiments in the lab-scale batch fixed bed reactor are conducted to study the influences of temperature, flow rate, and cycle number on the CLC performance of the air/oxygen blast furnace gas (ABFG/OBFG). The Cu-Fe bi-ore oxygen carriers are prepared on an industrial scale through extrusion-spheronization and hydroforming (labeled as OCM and OCC, respectively). Results indicate that H₂ achieves a conversion of &gt;95 % at any condition, while the CO conversion is sensitive to the temperature, e.g., from 69 % to 95 % with the temperature rising from 500 to 550 °C. The condition is then optimized as 600 °C and 100 mL/min in both ABFG and OBFG CLC tests. Under optimized conditions, the CO conversion and CO₂ yield maintain beyond 95 %, and the deposited carbon selectivity is around 2 %. In the 20-cycle experiments, the combustion of BFG is gradually improved due to the activation of oxygen carrier, confirmed by the increase of specific surface area with the cycles. The two oxygen carriers demonstrate stable chemical compositions and physical structures, according to the results of XRD and SEM-EDS. The hydroforming-derived OCC exhibits a better reactivity than the extrusion-spheronization-derived OCM. This work supports the application of CLC to the energy recovery and CO₂ capture from BFG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102092"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal decomposition kinetics of dairy manure hydrochars","authors":"Kalidas Mainali ,&nbsp;Majher I. Sarker ,&nbsp;Charles A. Mullen ,&nbsp;Brajendra K. Sharma ,&nbsp;Madhav P. Yadav ,&nbsp;Helen Ngo ,&nbsp;Manuel Garcia-Perez","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal processes, as well as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), have emerged as a promising technology for the conversion of high-moisture feedstocks. A total of six hydrochars were generated from dairy manure via H3PO4-catalyzed HTC at varying reaction temperatures and residence times. The heating value of hydrochars produced using HTC (25.64 MJ/kg) has improved significantly from raw dairy manure (17.16 MJ/kg). The kinetic parameters for the thermal decomposition of the manure and its hydrochars were estimated using the Friedman mathematical model. In a comparison of three reaction atmospheres (CO₂, N₂, and air), it was observed that lower activation energies were required in air environments for all specified hydrochars relative to the raw manure. Furthermore, Py-GC-MS studies revealed that light-oxygenated compounds were produced at 500 °C from the hydrochars upon flash pyrolysis. The acid treatment under autogenous pressure, significantly improved manure hydrochars physiochemical properties. The comprehensive theoretical and practical guidelines presented in this study for acid-promoted manure hydrochars indicate that dairy manure can be converted into a substitute energy source using the hydrothermal carbonization process. Additionally, a thorough comprehension of the kinetics of combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis is crucial for the design of industrial processes, feasibility assessments, and scale-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102088"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into pyrolysis behavior of waste printed circuit boards using in-situ Py-TOF-MS combined with Py-GC/MS: Primary volatiles evolution and catalytic effect of coated copper","authors":"Yunfei Wu ,&nbsp;Bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The real-time detection of primary volatiles is essential for properly understanding the pyrolysis behaviors of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) and the catalytic effect of coated copper. In this study, in-situ pyrolysis time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used in conjunction with pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to detect primary volatiles and identify the main compositions of pyrolysis oil. The results revealed that the presence of Cu has an obvious inhibitory effect on WPCBs pyrolysis, resulting in a decrease in formed phenolic and etheric compounds such as phenol (11.75 % in Cu-coated WPCBs vs 17.02 % in non-Cu WPCBs), p-isopropenylphenol (4.25 % vs 6.56 %) in the initial pyrolysis stage. Nevertheless, Cu can trigger the C-Br bond to fracture in brominated epoxy resin, and subsequently released •Br radicals are captured by active Cu to form coordination compound Cu…Br, thereby lowering the production of bromides such as CH₃Br (reduced by 0.44 %), 2-bromo-p-cymene (reduced by 0.84 %), and 2,6-dibromo-phenol (reduced by 0.49 %). As temperature increases, Cu promotes the degradation of WPCBs residues, especially the curing agent in it, and the released free radicals subsequently react to form macromolecular compounds like 1,1'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)] bis-benzene and 1-amino-8-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid. Additionally, debromination occurred at high temperatures as a result of the Cu-induced Ulmann cross-coupling reaction. The obtained results can provide the theoretical foundation for sustainable WPCBs conversion and debromination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102080"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and accurate prediction of molecular dynamics simulations using physics-informed LSTM networks in engine emission analysis: A case study of C3H6/NH3 pyrolysis for PAH formation","authors":"Yuchao Yan ,&nbsp;Tianfang Xie ,&nbsp;Jinlong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are essential tools for analyzing internal combustion engine emissions, particularly in the study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and soot formation; however, these simulations are computationally intensive, requiring significant resources and time. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks offer an efficient alternative for modeling time-dependent, strongly coupled, and high-dimensional chemical processes, enabling faster predictions without sacrificing accuracy. This study explores the feasibility of using LSTM networks to predict MD simulation results in the context of engine emissions, an area where the application of time-series deep learning models remains limited, by simulating PAH formation through the pyrolysis of C₃H₆ and NH₃ blends, a process characteristic of the localized oxygen-deficient environments in compression ignition engines. The results show that the LSTM model, trained on data from multiple C₃H₆/NH₃ blends, can predict species count variations for unseen blends, demonstrating strong potential for reducing computational costs. To improve model reliability and ensure adherence to conservation laws, physical constraints are incorporated into the loss function during training. Comparison of LSTM and physics-informed LSTM (PI-LSTM) performance reveals that integrating carbon balance constraints, a critical factor in internal combustion engine research, limits fluctuations in total carbon count, addressing the limitations of purely data-driven models. While such an innovative approach introduces a trade-off between prediction accuracy for individual species and physical consistency, it enhances the model overall reliability. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of combining machine learning, particularly PI-LSTM, with MD simulations to reduce computational costs and maintain predictive accuracy in internal combustion engine emission research, offering the engine research community a powerful and transferable tool for tackling complex combustion challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102090"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of nano-particle emissions from gasoline direct injection engines utilizing non-thermal plasma and nickel foam technologies","authors":"Pichitpon Neamyou ,&nbsp;Sak Sittichompoo ,&nbsp;Boonlue Sawatmongkhon ,&nbsp;Nathinee Theinnoi ,&nbsp;Kampanart Theinnoi","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation aims to assess the efficacy of the integration of Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP) technology with porous substrates, particularly nickel foam, for the mitigation of particulate matter (PM) emissions originating from Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines. GDI engines, while offering enhanced fuel efficiency, are associated with higher concentrations of ultrafine PM, which pose significant environmental and health risks. Nickel foam, selected for its high surface area, thermal stability, and catalytic properties, is utilized to enhance PM filtration. Experimental results demonstrate that the integration of NTP technology with nickel foam significantly reduces both the number and mass of particles emitted by GDI engines. Specifically, PM removal efficiencies of up to 83 % were achieved at higher voltages (10 kV). However, energy consumption was found to increase substantially with voltage, emphasizing the need to optimize the balance between energy input and PM reduction. The study further reveals that increasing the thickness of the nickel foam from 0 to 6 mm enhances PM capture, but also increases the specific energy density required for PM reduction. The results showed that at lower voltages (2–4 kV), the combination of NTP and nickel foam was particularly effective, achieving significant PM reduction with lower energy consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102081"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}