Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Unraveling cyclohexane combustion mechanisms with ReaxFFCHO-S22 reactive molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Bin Xiao ,&nbsp;Qingqing Wang ,&nbsp;Qi He ,&nbsp;Xudong He ,&nbsp;Yanjie Liu ,&nbsp;Tianhao Yang ,&nbsp;Bowen Li ,&nbsp;Ning Wang ,&nbsp;William A. Goddard III ,&nbsp;Yi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyclohexane is a typical surrogate model for hydrocarbon fuels whose combustion is responsible for pollutant formation in the engine emission. This study leverages ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations to delve into the combustion dynamics of cyclohexane across varying temperatures, densities, and equivalence ratios, while also considering the influence of water. The simulations replicate quite well the primary intermediates and reaction pathways observed in experimental studies, underscoring the reliability of our approach. Central to this investigation is the application of the ReaxFF_CHO-S22 force field, meticulously re-parameterized recently against high-level quantum mechanical calculations to capture the detailed behaviors of combustion at a molecular level. Our findings underscore the predominance of homolytic C-C bond cleavage as the initial ring opening step in the combustion sequence, leading to the generation of significant intermediates and products such as C₂H₄, CH₂O, CO, CO₂, and H₂O. Notably, our results reveal that elevated temperatures and large densities facilitate the oxidation process of cyclohexane. Furthermore, the incorporation of a small amount of H₂O into the system promotes the conversion of CO to CO₂, providing nuanced insights into the clean combustion mechanism. These discoveries not only offer a detailed understanding of cyclohexane combustion process at the atomistic level but also validate that the ReaxFF_CHO-S22 force field is a powerful tool for future research into the combustion behaviors of general hydrocarbon fuels including fossil fuels and biofuels, paving the way for more efficient energy utilization and the development of cleaner combustion technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102343"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced removal of unconventional pollutants by chemical agglomeration in a 600 MW coal-fired power unit","authors":"Xiangzheng Cui ,&nbsp;Xing Chuai ,&nbsp;Daorong Sun ,&nbsp;Rihong Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhuo Xiong ,&nbsp;Yongchun Zhao ,&nbsp;Junying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To meet increasingly stringent environmental requirements, an efficient synergistic method known as “chemical agglomeration” has been developed for the removal of unconventional pollutants such as fine particles (&lt;10 μm) and heavy metals. The first demonstration of a 600 MW coal-fired power plant has been carried out, the concentrations of PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ at the inlet of electrostatic precipitator decreased from 124.18 mg/m³, 359.48 mg/m³ and 947.71 mg/m³ to 85.56 mg/m³, 240.64 mg/m³ and 491.98 mg/m³, respectively. Compared to the original purification device, the PM₁₀ removal efficiency has been improved by 48.09 %. The concentrations of fine particulate Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, and Pb decreased by 8.49 %, 36.78 %, 44.55 %, 41.64 %, 31.82 %, 47.56 %, 36.24 %, 48.14 %, and 42.63 %, respectively. The concentration of total heavy metals exported by electrostatic precipitator has decreased by more than 35 %. The particle concentration decreased from 16.1 mg/m³ to 8.4 mg/m³ at the outlet of electrostatic precipitator. The final particle emission concentration in the flue gas was only 1.09 mg/m³, which below the world's strictest emission standards. The removal efficiency of particles by chemical agglomeration system synergistic wet flue gas desulphurization was as high as 93.23 %, far higher than that of wet electrostatic precipitator synergistic wet flue gas desulphurization (67.89 %). The mechanism by which chemical agglomeration enhances the removal of unconventional pollutants has been elucidated. This technology not only improves the capture of fine particles but also significantly increases the removal efficiency of heavy metals, thereby contributing to the development and innovation of control technologies for unconventional pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102425"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering PM10 formation in high-sodium coal gasification: Synergistic effects of mineral vaporization and fragmentation","authors":"Lei Huang ,&nbsp;Lingxue Kong ,&nbsp;Guanghui Zhang ,&nbsp;Tiantian Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Xuan ,&nbsp;Jin Bai ,&nbsp;Wen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study elucidates the dual mechanisms governing PM₁₀ formation during high-sodium coal gasification through integrated experimental and modeling approaches. Utilizing a flat-flame burner reactor at 1200–1400 °C, we systematically investigated temperature-dependent particle morphology evolution and chemical speciation. The bimodal particle size distribution revealed distinct formation pathways: ultrafine particles (&lt;0.154 μm) predominantly originated from vaporization-nucleation of alkali/refractory elements, while larger particulates (0.154–10 μm) stemmed from mineral fragmentation. Elevated temperatures (Δ200 °C) enhanced Na/Si/Ca vaporization by 7.2/165/243-fold respectively, correlating with 178 % PM_0.05 yield increase. Notably, H₂-mediated reduction dominated Si/Ca/Mg release (53–68 %), contrasting with CO-driven Fe volatilization (66 %). The developed multiscale model incorporating char conversion kinetics, mineral thermodynamics, and aerosol dynamics successfully predicted particulate yields and particle size distribution transitions. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing gasifier operations to mitigate PM emissions in high-sodium coal utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102387"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice straw derived silica rich ash catalyst for efficient hydrothermal liquefaction of rice straw to value added chemicals","authors":"Bijoy Biswas ,&nbsp;Mridusmita Dutta ,&nbsp;Shivani Thakur ,&nbsp;Yogalakshmi Kadapakkam Nandabalan ,&nbsp;Sandeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Rawel Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of rice straw (RS) an abundant agricultural waste was carried out to produce bio-oil. Silica (SiO₂)-rich ash derived from RS was used as a catalyst. Different reaction parameters such as reaction temperatures (230–270 °C), residence times (15–45 min), catalytic dosage (5–15 wt%) and different solvents such as water (H₂O), Ethanol (EtOH), water-ethanol (H₂O-EtOH), water-methanol (H₂O-MeOH), and water-isopropyl alcohol (H₂O-IPA) solvent mixtures were employed. In non-catalytic HTL, the highest bio-oil yield (52.5 wt%) was obtained using an H₂O-EtOH solvent mixture compared to H₂O (14.75 wt%), EtOH (25.2 wt%), H₂O-MeOH (45.7 wt%), and H₂O-IPA (51.2 wt%) at temperature 250 °C for 30 min of reaction time. Using a SiO₂-rich ash catalyst further improved the bio-oil yield to 59.16 wt% at 250 °C for 30 min under the H₂O-EtOH solvent system. Catalytic HTL bio-oil showed a high content of phenolics (24.12 %), ketones/aldehydes (22.12 %), and hydrocarbons (18.61 %). The hydrogenation reaction was promoted in the presence of catalyst and the higher phenolic and hydrocarbon content was found in the catalytic bio-oil. The bio-oil obtained under catalytic conditions exhibited lower oxygen content (30.6 wt%) and a higher heating value (26.61 MJ/kg) compared to bio-oil obtained under non-catalytic reactions. This study highlights the potential of SiO₂ rich ash catalysts from RS biomass for producing quality bio-oil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102393"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing carbon dioxide capture from combustion tail gas: System development and parametric insights","authors":"Chanathip Hongkhamdee ,&nbsp;Vikas Verma ,&nbsp;Wei-Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Akhmad Faruq Alhikami ,&nbsp;Yan-Jie Huang ,&nbsp;Rusdan Aditya Aji Nugroho","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture system was developed using activated carbon derived from phenolic resin, featuring a high microporous surface area of 1100 m²/g and a pore volume of 0.59 cm³/g, for the dynamic adsorption of simulated combustion tail gases. An aerodynamic rectifier system was integrated to stabilize inlet flow and enable accurate breakthrough curve analysis, facilitating the calculation of adsorption capacities. The effects of temperature (27–70 °C), adsorption pressure (1–15 bar), CO₂ inlet concentration (3–18 vol%), and flow rate (10–30 cm³/min) on CO₂ adsorption were systematically investigated. Results showed that CO₂ adsorption capacity increased significantly at low temperatures, high pressures, and elevated inlet CO₂ concentrations, reaching a maximum of 28.09 mmol/g under optimized conditions of 27 °C, 15 bar, 18 vol% CO₂, and 20 cm³/min flow rate. Optimization using the Taguchi method revealed that adsorption pressure and CO₂ concentration were the most influential parameters, with performance improvements of up to 5.4 % over pre-optimized conditions. Comparative analysis with water caltrop shell-derived activated carbon (adsorption capacity = 17.98 mmol/g) confirmed the superior performance of the phenolic resin-based material, attributed to its enhanced microporous structure. The integration of aerodynamic rectification with Taguchi optimization represents a novel approach to improving dynamic CO₂ adsorption processes. These findings provide a quantitative framework for the design of scalable, efficient post-combustion CO₂ capture systems and contribute to ongoing efforts toward industrial decarbonization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102407"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the conversion mechanisms of NO and N2O in ammonia blending combustion under high pressure, oxygen enrichment, and H2O addition conditions","authors":"Yuzheng Gao ,&nbsp;Zhijie Liu ,&nbsp;Youping Li ,&nbsp;Shixuan Yang ,&nbsp;Han Jiang ,&nbsp;Huayang Zhao ,&nbsp;Yiran Zhang ,&nbsp;He Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the co-combustion of ammonia and carbon-containing fuels, toxic nitrogenous species such as N₂O and NO are formed. However, the formation and conversion mechanisms of these pollutants in ammonia co-combustion processes remain insufficiently understood, hindering the advancement and practical application of ammonia-fueled energy systems. In this study, ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations combined with chemical kinetic analysis were employed to investigate the formation and conversion mechanisms of NO and N₂O over the temperature range of 700K–1400K. This study highlights the critical role of NH in the conversion processes of NO and N₂O. Three primary pathways for the conversion of NO and N₂O are proposed: (i) direct interconversion between NO and N₂O; (ii) conversion driven by precursor concentrations; (iii) competition between oxidation pathways regulated by C-N interactions. All of these pathways are facilitated by the reaction NH + CO₂ = HNO + CO. Additionally, different fuel types inhibit the formation and conversion of NO and N₂O through distinct mechanistic pathways. In pure ammonia combustion, direct NO and N₂O conversion is primarily suppressed under high-pressure conditions; in NH₃-DME combustion, suppression occurs mainly via water addition; in NH₃-CH₄ combustion, inhibition is predominantly achieved by limiting precursor formation under oxygen-rich conditions; and in NH₃-CH₃OH combustion, direct NO and N₂O conversion is primarily restrained under the synergistic effects of high temperature and high pressure. It provides a theoretical foundation for achieving synergistic pollutant inhibition across temperature domains in ammonia-based combustion systems operating under variable loads and with multiple fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102405"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined visible and infrared spectral detection for soot, H2O, and CO2 in hydrogen-blended methane flame","authors":"Ke Chang ,&nbsp;Meng Liu ,&nbsp;Hang Yu,&nbsp;Zixue Luo,&nbsp;Qiang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of hydrogen regulates the formation process of combustion products in methane flames, but existing detection technologies still face challenges in simultaneously quantifying the temperature and concentration of gas-phase and solid-phase components. In this study, a combined visible and infrared spectroscopy detection method is proposed to simultaneously reconstruct the concentration of gas-solid components and temperature within the flame. The soot and temperature distributions are reconstructed from the visible radiation intensity image of the flame, while the concentration distributions of H₂O and CO₂ are reconstructed by using the radiation intensity images from the H₂O and CO₂ separate absorption and co-absorption bands in the infrared spectrum, after subtracting the radiation contribution from the soot. To validate the proposed method, a hydrogen-blended methane laminar diffusion flame is examined. The reconstruction results for soot volume fraction and flame temperature are verified using laser extinction and thermocouple measurements, respectively. Additionally, the results derived from the two infrared reconstruction schemes are compared and analyzed, with the discrepancy between them maintained within 6 %. Results indicate that hydrogen blending slightly reduces the flame temperature while significantly diminishing soot production. When the hydrogen blending ratio is 50 %, the average flame temperature decreases from 1410 K to 1205 K, and soot volume fraction is only about one-tenth of that under pure methane conditions. Moreover, hydrogen blending suppresses CO₂ formation and enhances H₂O production, with the peak H₂O concentration increasing by 18.4 % and the peak CO₂ concentration decreasing to 81.24 % at 50 % hydrogen blending.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102352"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145365116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different anions of potassium salts render distinct capability for creating pore structures in activation of cellulose and lignin","authors":"Chao Li ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Zheng ,&nbsp;Jingyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoming Gao ,&nbsp;Yunyu Guo ,&nbsp;Yuewen Shao ,&nbsp;Shu Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Wei ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Xun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several potassium salts such as KOH, K₂C₂O_4, and K₂CO₃ are capable to activate biomass to form activated carbon (AC) with developed pore structures, but their different anions render their unique decomposition kinetics or pathways, affecting their capability for generating pores. Such differences were investigated herein by conducting the activation of cellulose and lignin at 800 °C. The results showed that KOH was superior to K₂C₂O₄ or K₂CO₃ for creating pore structures in activation of cellulose (1507.8 m²/g with KOH versus 1180.5 m²/g with K₂C₂O₄ or 1307.7 m²/g with K₂CO₃) or lignin (1109.1 versus 583.4 or 873.2 m²/g). This was due to rapidly releasing K⁺ and OH⁻ from KOH at lower temperature, which enhanced severity of cracking reactions, diminishing yields of AC (i.e. 10.3 % with KOH versus 18.1 % with K₂C₂O₄ in cellulose activation) as well as aliphatic organics and phenolics in bio-oil. K₂C₂O₄ and K₂CO₃ exhibited delayed K⁺ availability from their stepwise decomposition behaviors, suppressing early-stage cracking/gasification and forming higher yields of AC with limited pore development. <em>In-situ</em> IR revealed that KOH was more active in promoting dehydration/deoxygenation, while slow kinetics for K⁺ release from K₂C₂O₄/K₂CO₃ preserved more oxygen-containing functionalities in the resulting AC. Additionally, cellulose of aliphatic nature enabled superior potassium permeation, intensifying etching through synergistic cracking/gasification, forming AC of higher S_BET but lower yields than that from lignin of aromatic nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102423"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on NO emission mechanism of CH4-NH3 blended combustion based on air-classification strategy","authors":"Tianxing Zhou,&nbsp;Dongliang Wei,&nbsp;Huaan Li,&nbsp;Hao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As environmental pollution issues become increasingly severe, controlling nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions during combustion has emerged as a key research focus. This study investigates the effects of air-staging strategies on methane-ammonia blended combustion flames and NOx emission mechanisms through a combination of experimental and simulation approaches. Results indicate that staged air combustion effectively reduces NO emissions, particularly at a staging ratio of 30 %, where NO emissions decrease by 85.4 %. However, staging ratios exceeding 30 % may compromise flame stability and even increase NO emissions. NO emissions are effectively controlled by maintaining an enriched combustion state in the primary combustion zone, thereby reducing NO formation via the HNO pathway and enhancing NO consumption via the NHi pathway. The optimised staged ratio is 36 %; exceeding this value may cause significant NO production in the secondary combustion zone. Furthermore, the chemical reactor network model further reveals the primary reaction pathways for NO emissions, confirming the positive effect of increasing primary combustion zone residence time on reducing NO emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102414"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on chemiluminescence characteristics of ammonia/methane partially premixed swirling flames","authors":"Liqiao Jiang ,&nbsp;Haihang Su","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the complex chemiluminescence characteristics of ammonia/methane partially premixed flames is crucial for developing optical diagnostic sensors, yet it remains insufficiently investigated. This study experimentally examines the combustion characteristics of ammonia/methane partially premixed swirling flames with spectral analysis and key excited radical imaging of flame chemiluminescence signals. The effects of both the global equivalence ratio (<em>φ</em>) and the ammonia blending ratio (<em>X</em>_<em>NH3</em>) on flame chemiluminescence characteristics were explored. The results demonstrate that in weak turbulent swirling flames, the flame chemiluminescence spectra exhibit pronounced distinctions between the 280–400 nm ultraviolet (UV) band and the 400–800 nm visible band. With increasing <em>X</em>_<em>NH3</em>, the chemiluminescence intensity decreases in the UV range while concurrently enhancing in the visible spectrum. Notably, the flame background radiation displays a similar trend. The integrated chemiluminescence intensities of key radicals (OH∗, NH∗, CN∗, CH∗, and NH₂∗) exhibit a non-monotonic trend with <em>φ</em>, namely initially increasing before peak value and subsequently decreasing. Additionally, OH∗, CN∗, and CH∗ chemiluminescence intensities diminish with the increase of <em>X</em>_<em>NH3</em>, whereas NH₂∗ displays an opposing trend of intensity enhancement under the same conditions. The intensity ratios of CH∗/OH∗, NH₂∗/OH∗, and NH₂∗/CH∗ are sensitive to changes in <em>φ</em> and <em>X</em>_<em>NH3</em>. Specifically, the NH₂∗/CH∗ can be the markers of <em>φ</em> and <em>X</em>_<em>NH3</em> due to the monotonically varying trend. The flame dynamic characteristics can be represented by the fluctuated chemiluminescence intensity of excited radicals such as OH∗ and NH∗. It demonstrates a significantly quantitative correlation between NO emission and normalized chemiluminescence intensities (OH∗/NH∗/CN∗/CH∗/NH₂∗) in present experimental conditions. The findings provide critical insights for developing chemiluminescence diagnostic strategies in ammonia/methane combustion applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 102336"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}