Journal of The Energy Institute最新文献

{"title":"Fuel-NO formation in biomass-coal co-combustion at high temperature: Further insights into temperature and synergistic effect mechanisms","authors":"Xiaohuan Wang,&nbsp;Zhongyang Luo,&nbsp;Yinchen Wang,&nbsp;Peiliang Zhu,&nbsp;Sheng Wang,&nbsp;Pu Li,&nbsp;Kaige Wang,&nbsp;Chunjiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co-combustion of biomass in pulverized coal boilers has a broad prospect due to the urgent need for CO₂ emission reduction in the power industry. However, the mechanism of NO formation in co-fired pulverized coal boilers (with temperatures reaching up to 1600 °C) remains unclear, which limits the development of co-combustion technology. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of high temperature and synergistic effects, which origin from the interaction from biomass and coal during co-combustion, on fuel-NO formation characteristics to explore the NO generation mechanisms during co-combustion. Two combustion methods (direct combustion and staged combustion) were employed to examine the formation characteristics of volatile-NO and char-NO under high temperature of 1000–1600 °C. Furthermore, combined with reaction kinetics calculations, the mechanisms by which temperature and synergistic effects influence NO formation during co-combustion were further revealed. The results indicate that increasing temperature suppresses the formation of both volatile-NO and char-NO. Even though the conversion of fuel-N to volatile-N increases under high temperatures, volatile-NO still decreases significantly. This suggests that higher temperatures promote the conversion of fuel-N to volatile-N while simultaneously inhibiting NO formation through homogeneous reactions, thereby reducing overall NO emissions. Simulation results explain this phenomenon: when the temperature rises from 1000 °C to 1600 °C, the rate of the elementary reaction HCO + NO=CO + HNO increases significantly, indicating that the reduction in NO is due to the enhanced reduction rate of NO by volatiles at higher temperatures. Additionally, synergistic effects may further inhibit fuel-NO formation. Among the three types of biomasses, rice husk-coal co-combustion exhibits NO suppression effects, while corn stalk/wheat straw -coal blends may show promotion effects. This inhibitory effect shows a significant positive correlation with the cellulose content in biomass fuels. Among the three lignocellulosic components of biomass, cellulose exhibits the strongest NO reduction capability. Compared to lignin, cellulose exhibits a 32.58 % higher total rate of production (ROP) in the NO reduction process. The findings in this study on the mechanisms of temperature and synergistic effects can provide practical guidance for system design and operation to further control NO emissions in co-combustion furnaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102271"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syngas production for steelmaking applications via dry reforming of methane using rare earth-containing aerogel catalysts: Evaluation of resistance to deactivation by coke deposition","authors":"Ramon Vinícius Santos de Aquino ,&nbsp;Maíra Debarba Mallmann ,&nbsp;Santiago Arias ,&nbsp;Adenilson Renato Rudke ,&nbsp;José Geraldo Andrade Pacheco ,&nbsp;Sandra Regina Salvador Ferreira ,&nbsp;Bruno Francisco Oechsler ,&nbsp;Regina de Fátima Peralta Muniz Moreira","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the performance of Ni-Al₂O₃ aerogel catalysts, both unpromoted and promoted with rare earth oxides (La and Nd), in the dry reforming of methane for syngas production, with a focus on their application in the direct reduction of iron oxides. Additionally, the catalyst synthesis offers further advantages during the aerogel drying step, owing to the use of CO₂ as the drying medium. For comparison purposes, a Ni-Al₂O₃ xerogel was also prepared and characterized to highlight the benefits of supercritical drying in aerogel synthesis. The influence of reaction temperature (600–800 °C) and rare earth promotion (La, Nd) on CH₄ and CO₂ conversion, H₂ and CO production, and carbon deposition was investigated using a gaseous mixture containing CH₄/CO₂ (molar ratio 1:1). CH₄ and CO₂ conversions increased while carbon deposition decreased with the increase in temperature. Reverse water-gas shift, reverse Boudouard reaction, and CO reduction were the primary parallel reactions observed. The addition of rare earth promoters further improved catalyst performance, particularly La-promoted catalysts, which exhibited higher activity (0.34 and 0.67 mmol g_cat⁻¹ min⁻¹ for CH₄ and CO₂, respectively). Carbon deposition profile was monitored along the reaction time, and all catalysts tested showed a net zero carbon deposition rate after 24 h of operation. Deactivation was not measured due to the hollow morphology of the deposited carbon nanotubes. The H₂/CO ratio (around 0.3–0.5) of the produced synthesis gas makes it suitable for iron reduction in steelmaking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102275"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and kinetic modelling studies of 3,4-dimethylhexane pyrolysis: Effect of methyl side chain positions on dimethylhexane pyrolysis","authors":"Jiuzheng Yin ,&nbsp;Shiling Wei ,&nbsp;Jinyu Tan ,&nbsp;Shuyao Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhang ,&nbsp;Fangping Bin ,&nbsp;Jinzeng Pan ,&nbsp;Zhandong Wang ,&nbsp;Lixia Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel represents a promising alternative energy source in the context of the global energy crisis and environmental pollution. Dimethyl-substituted alkanes are important components of Fischer-Tropsch diesel. It has been reported that the branch chains have significant effects on the combustion performance of Fischer-Tropsch diesel. Therefore, investigating the effects of dimethylhexanes on the combustion performance is crucial for determining the ideal composition of Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel. This work investigated 3,4-dimethylhexane (C₈H₁₈-34) pyrolysis experimentally and theoretically in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1200 K and at atmospheric pressure. The influence of the methyl side chain positions on dimethylhexane pyrolysis was also investigated. Over twenty main pyrolysis products were identified and quantified using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry, including acetylene, ethylene, allene/propyne, propene, 1,3-butadiyne, vinyl acetylene, 1,3-butadiene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1,3-cyclopentadiene, benzene, toluene, styrene etc. A detailed kinetic model for C₈H₁₈-34 pyrolysis was constructed based on previous reports. The model was validated against the experimental data obtained in this work. Rate of production (ROP) analysis revealed that C₈H₁₈-34 was mainly consumed through unimolecular decomposition to generate 2-butyl radical and through H-abstraction reactions to generate 3,4-dimethylhex-3-yl radical. The comparison of the pyrolysis of dimethylhexanes (2,3-dimethylhexane, 2,5-dimethylhexane and C₈H₁₈-34) with that of linear <em>n</em>-octane shows that the presence of methyl side chains enhances the pyrolysis reactivity. Positions of the methyl side chains have a marginal impact on pyrolysis reactivity but significantly influence the distributions of C2 – C4 species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102263"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the combustion characteristics and reaction mechanism of high-reactive-fuels-blended ammonia","authors":"Liang Guo ,&nbsp;Yimo Zhu ,&nbsp;Degang Li ,&nbsp;Wanchen Sun ,&nbsp;Yanbin Shi ,&nbsp;Changcheng Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xia Liu ,&nbsp;Jiahui Han ,&nbsp;Yanan Guo ,&nbsp;Fei Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the basic combustion characteristics of blends of ammonia and several typical hydrocarbon fuels (including n-heptane, gasoline and RP-3 kerosene) are explored. The results show that the Laminar Flame Speed (LFS) of ammonia combustion assisted by n-heptane is faster than that of the ammonia combustion assisted by gasoline. The equivalent ratio of RP-3 kerosene/ammonia co-combustion corresponding to the highest LFS is evidently higher than other two fuels, and its equivalent ratio of lean burn limit is also higher. Further analysis of chemical reaction kinetics reveals that carbon-based fuels and ammonia interact with each other primarily via the competition to obtain active free radicals, such as OH, H, and O. Besides, the strength of C-N cross-reaction is relatively low and has little influence on the overall reaction path. Comparing the three co-combustion processes, the Markstein length of RP-3 kerosene-assisted ammonia combustion is higher, which is conducive to improving the stability of flame, especially under the high equivalent ratio. With the variation of temperature, the Markstein length of the n-heptane assisted ammonia combustion changes most significantly, and the addition of iso-alkanes will weaken the sensitivity of Markstein length to temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102270"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of torrefaction on the co-pyrolysis of pinewood with PET and HDPE: Impacts on products distribution","authors":"Nan Xu ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Gaofeng Chen ,&nbsp;Qun Wang ,&nbsp;Zaifeng Li ,&nbsp;Tingzhou Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the co-pyrolysis behavior and product distribution of torrefied pinewood mixed with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) at a 1:1 mass ratio. Pinewood was pretreated through torrefaction at various temperatures (240, 260, and 280 °C) and durations (20, 40, and 60 min). A comprehensive analysis was performed using proximate analysis, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to assess the impact of torrefaction on pyrolysis behavior and products yield. These results indicated that torrefaction significantly enhance the fixed carbon content and energy density of pinewood, while reducing its volatile matter content and hydrophilicity. During co-pyrolysis with HDPE, the high hydrogen content of HDPE facilitates hydrocarbon formation, and torrefied pinewood further improves the product distribution. In contrast, during co-pyrolysis with PET, the cleavage of PET ester bonds leads to a significant increase in acid products. However, torrefaction at 280 °C for 20 min effectively suppresses the formation of acid compounds. The integration of torrefaction pretreatment and co-pyrolysis technology provides an effective strategy for the high-value utilization of biomass and waste plastics. Co-pyrolysis with HDPE is more favorable for producing hydrocarbon-based chemical feedstocks, whereas co-pyrolysis with PET can benefit from high-temperature, short-duration torrefaction to effectively suppress acid formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102278"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic catalytic upgrading of spirulina bio-oil via Ni @ alkali-modified HZSM-5 in microwave-assisted two-stage hydrothermal liquefaction","authors":"Chenyu Yang ,&nbsp;Xinru Ma ,&nbsp;Yaohui Fan ,&nbsp;Feiyu Zou ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Bai ,&nbsp;Dianming Chu ,&nbsp;Haoxi Ben ,&nbsp;Zhaoying Li ,&nbsp;Yan He","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urgent need to address global energy shortages and environmental pollution has accelerated the development of renewable algal bio-oils. Spirulina stands out as an ideal feedstock for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) owing to its high carbon sequestration rate, non-competition with arable land, and rich protein-lipid content. However, Spirulina-derived bio-oil typically suffers from high oxygen content and low heating value. To overcome these limitations, this study developed a microwave-assisted two-stage HTL process integrated with a Ni-loaded, alkali-modified HZSM-5 catalyst. Unlike conventional catalysts that often rely on costly noble metals or suffer from diffusion limitations in microporous structures, this system employs earth-abundant nickel on a hierarchically structured zeolite to enhance both cost-effectiveness and catalytic efficiency. HZSM-5 was treated with NaOH to create mesoporosity, followed by Ni impregnation to introduce hydrogenation functionality. The effects of NaOH concentration and Ni loading on catalyst properties were systematically investigated. Process optimization was performed via response surface methodology using a 3 % sulfuric acid medium, and bio-oil composition was analyzed by GC/MS. Modification with 1 mol/L NaOH increased hydrocarbon content to 32.9 %, while subsequent loading with 5 wt% Ni synergistically boosted the yield to 48.1 %. Molecular dynamics simulations provided mechanistic insights into bond cleavage and conversion pathways of Spirulina-derived model compounds in subcritical water. Compared with existing catalytic systems, this study significantly improves the quality of biofuels, providing an efficient catalytic strategy and fundamental insights for the production of high-quality bio-oil from spirulina.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102277"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting synergistic effects on biofuel production from microalgae (Spirulina)/Tire Co-pyrolysis using ensemble machine learning","authors":"Veluru Sridevi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Al-Asadi ,&nbsp;Thamer Adnan Abdullah ,&nbsp;Tan Nhat ,&nbsp;Chinta Sankar Rao ,&nbsp;Husam Talib Hamzah ,&nbsp;Phuoc-Cuong Le","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the synergistic effects of microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis (MACCP) of microalgae and waste tires (WT) under varying parameters such as catalyst weight, microwave power, and susceptor quantity. Optimal reaction conditions yielded a high-quality bio-oil with a maximum yield of 50.46 wt% with low water content, significantly reducing microwave energy consumption from 810 to 540 kJ. The co-pyrolysis of WT and microalgae enhanced denitrogenation and deoxygenation, improving the quality of the resulting bio-oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of bio-oil identified an increase in the complex composition of mono- and polyaromatic hydrocarbons and a decrease in oxygenated compounds. An ensemble machine learning approach has been employed to model and predict outcomes, achieving R² values between 0.7 and 0.98. The models with the best predicted accuracy were Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) and Extra Trees (ET), both of which achieved an R² of 0.98. The models were rigorously validated using the Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation technique, ensuring robust predictions with minimal bias by training on all but one observation iteratively and testing on the excluded data point. The work highlights the possible use of co-pyrolyzing microalgae and WT for sustainable, high-quality bio-oil production with lower energy consumption. It shows that machine learning can optimize MACCP procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102267"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of microwave and molten Na2CO3 on pyrolysis and gasification of bituminous coal","authors":"Zhiwei Peng ,&nbsp;Tianle Yin ,&nbsp;Zexi Gong ,&nbsp;Wanlong Fan ,&nbsp;Lei Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the effects of microwave and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) on the pyrolysis and gasification characteristics of bituminous coal (BC) were evaluated. Applying microwave enabled effective pyrolysis of organic compounds, especially polar ones, in the coal at ∼550 °C, producing CO and H₂ with a total absolute yield exceeding 80 %. In contrast, Na₂CO₃ required temperatures above 650 °C to react with organics in the coal, producing no more than 1/3 of the CO and H₂ yield achieved via microwave pyrolysis (MP). The activation temperatures of BC chars, collected from conventional pyrolysis (CP), for microwave and conventional gasification (MG and CG, respectively) were ∼850 °C and ∼950 °C, respectively. By combining microwave with Na₂CO₃, substantially reduced to 650–700 °C. The synergistic effects of microwave and Na₂CO₃ promoted the development of structural disorder within the carbon framework and formation of carbon vacancies, thereby realizing rapid low-temperature gasification of the char.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102272"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N, S Co-doped porous carbons from coconut shell for selective CO2 adsorption","authors":"Jiawei Shao ,&nbsp;Yingyi Wang ,&nbsp;Mingyang Che ,&nbsp;Qiang Xiao ,&nbsp;Muslum Demir ,&nbsp;Mohammed K. Al Mesfer ,&nbsp;Linlin Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Hu ,&nbsp;Ya Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CO₂ capture from flue gas using biomass-derived porous carbons offers a promising and sustainable approach to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. However, achieving high adsorption performance under ambient conditions requires synergistic optimization of pore architecture and surface chemistry. In the present work, a facile and scalable synthesis method was developed to prepare nitrogen and sulfur co-doped porous carbons using coconut shell as a renewable carbon precursor and thiourea as a dual heteroatom source. Chemical activation with KOH was employed to tune the porosity and surface functionality. The optimal adsorbent exhibited a high BET surface area (1315 m²/g), large narrow micropore volume (0.66 cm³/g), and significant heteroatom content (3.39 at.% N and 0.39 at.% S), resulting in superior CO₂ uptake of 4.38 and 6.46 mmol/g at 25 °C and 0 °C, 1 bar, respectively. Additionally, as-prepared adsorbents demonstrated high CO₂/N₂ selectivity, rapid adsorption kinetics, moderate isosteric heat of adsorption, and excellent cycling stability over five adsorption–desorption cycles. These findings underscore the dual role of narrow micropores and heteroatom-rich functional groups in enhancing gas–solid interactions and provide a green and effective strategy for designing high-efficiency CO₂ sorbents from coconut shell waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102273"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and kinetic study on O2 reduced and enriched premixed ammonia/DME flames","authors":"Chengcheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Liming Dai ,&nbsp;Yuesheng Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangjun Qu ,&nbsp;Xiying Chen ,&nbsp;Qian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co-firing ammonia (NH₃) with dimethyl ether (DME) offers a promising pathway for utilizing ammonia in compression ignition engines. In this study, the laminar burning velocities (LBV) of NH₃/DME flames were measured at a wide range of conditions, with initial temperatures varying from 298 K to 473 K, pressure changing from 1 to 5 bar and equivalence ratio (<span><math></math></span>) varying from 0.4 - 2.1. The DME fraction in the fuel was set at 0%, 20%, 40% and 100% and oxygen (O₂) fraction in the oxidizers was set at 18%, 21%, 25% and 35% to cover O₂ reduced and O₂ enriched conditions. The measurements suggest that either adding DME or increasing O₂ fraction has almost linear enhancing effect on the LBV of NH₃ flames and widens the flammable range of premixed NH₃ flames. An optimized NH₃/DME is proposed in this study, which can accurately reproduce the measured LBVs from this study and measured ignition delay times (IDT) from our previous study. Kinetic analysis suggests that with 20% DME addition, the LBV is mainly controlled by DME chemistry, whereas O₂ variation has marginal effect on the dominating reactions for LBV and reaction path. Sensitivity analysis on IDT implies that with 20% DME addition, the low temperature autoignition chemistry of DME primarily dominates the autoignition process. DME addition has a non-monotonical effect on NO because of a ‘trade-off’ relationship between HNO and the radical pool induced by DME addition, while O₂ shows a linear correlation with NO concentration due to linearly boosted flame temperature and radical pool concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102276"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}