Journal of the Indian Chemical Society最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic effect between Cu2O electrodeposited thin film and carbon steel substrate on the electrocatalysis of nitrate reduction reaction","authors":"Saliha Boufelgha ,&nbsp;Kahina Aoudia ,&nbsp;Houa Hammache ,&nbsp;Naima Brinis ,&nbsp;Tayakout Bezghiche-Imloul ,&nbsp;Farida Larfi - Djerada ,&nbsp;Aida Zaabar ,&nbsp;Amoura Damia ,&nbsp;Radouane Maizia","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synergistic electrocatalysis creates a fresh opportunity to enhance the catalyst's all-around use. Here, a Cu₂O thin film was electrodeposited on carbon steel (CS) electrode; the structure and morphology of the as-made Cu₂O/CS electrode were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallinity degree and morphology of the films were related to the electrodeposition time and exhibited n-type semiconductivity. Pure Cu₂O crystallites of the cubic phase with particular surface morphologies were detected. The electrocatalytic activity of the Cu₂O/CS electrode towards nitrate electroreduction in alkaline medium was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and compared to that of CS, Cu and Cu₂O modified Cu (Cu₂O/Cu) electrodes. The Cu₂O/CS electrode has demonstrated exceptional performance towards nitrate reduction; both Cu₂O thin film and CS substrate have a significant impact in the electrocatalytic activity of the Cu₂O/CS electrode. The onset and peak potential for nitrate reduction on Cu₂O/CS appear at the same potential as that for CS electrode and is less cathodic than that of Cu₂O/Cu and Cu electrodes. This demonstrates a clear synergetic effect between Cu₂O and CS on nitrate reduction. The reduction current for nitrate reduction is in the order Cu₂O/CS &gt; Cu₂O/Cu &gt; Cu &gt; CS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraordinary catalytic performance of lycopene in the conversion of amino acid like aspartic acid to aspartic thioamide using catalytic transfer sulfurization process","authors":"Martha Ramesh,&nbsp;B. Venugopal Rao,&nbsp;M. Ravi Chander,&nbsp;Nabanita Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study outlines a straightforward one-step catalytic transfer sulfurization method that can be utilized to synthesis aspartic thioamide with the help of lycopene, which is extracted from fresh tomatoes using a solvent extraction method. Aspartic thioamide particles are thoroughly characterized by Raman, FESEM, TEM, EDS, FT-IR and powder XRD spectroscopic analysis. The lycopene acted as a catalyst for sulfurization of aspartic acid in H₂S atmosphere. When lycopene and H₂S are heated to 100 °C for 45 min, lycopene alone exhibits 38.5 % catalytic activity in the conversion of aspartic acid to aspartic thioamide, and 52.56 % with H₂S. Moreover, in a variety of polar solvents, lycopene-100 is stable and demonstrates high catalytic efficiency in the breakdown of aspartic acid, forming aspartic thioamide with 89.21 % selectivity in water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101812"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium ion conducting Cardiospermum halicacabum bio-electrolytes for electric double layer capacitor and lithium ion conducting cell applications","authors":"R. Chitra ,&nbsp;L. Sampath Kumar ,&nbsp;M. Muthukrishnan ,&nbsp;S. Kamatchi Devi ,&nbsp;S. Selvasekarapandian","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cardiospermum halicacabum (C.halicacabum)</em>, commonly known as balloon vine, a medicinal herb is investigated as a electrolytic material for all solid state batteries and supercapacitor applications in this research. <em>C.halicacabum –</em> lithium nitrate (LiNO₃), a new bio-electrolyte system is developed by adopting a solution casting technique, and the effect of LiNO₃ of varied amount (0.6 wt % to 1.0 wt %) on the electrolytic system is analyzed. The mandatory requisite of amorphous phase in electrolyte is ensured with an X-ray diffraction study and the interaction between host and salt material is explored by means of Fourier -Transform infrared (FTIR) study. Electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS) detects the diminishing resistive behavior with increasing amount of salt in the host material of <em>C.halicacabum</em> and the highest ionic conductivity value achieved is 7.02 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ with the addition of 0.9 wt% of LiNO₃ with the host material. Electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is constructed with the best conducting membrane as electrolyte. The Cyclic voltammetry (CV) results show the maximum specific capacitance of 166.67 F/g and the Galvanostatic charge –discharge (GCD) study shows the assembled EDLC is able to offer a high power density of 6250 WKg^-1 at a current density of 50 mA/g. Also, GCD ensures the cyclic stability of the synthesized membrane. Additionally, lithium ion conducting cell is fabricated with the best conducting membrane and the output of 1.7 V is obtained with a good stability. All these results recommend the chosen biomaterial is a potential candidate in energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 7","pages":"Article 101818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of BaZrO3/chitosan composite for sufficient antibiotic adsorptive removal: Central composite design analysis and antimicrobial performance","authors":"Seyda Karadirek,&nbsp;Busra Turan,&nbsp;Pelin Demircivi","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to examine adsorption and antimicrobial performances of BaZrO₃/Chitosan and Ag/BaZrO₃/Chitosan composites. The BaZrO₃/Chitosan samples were produced via a facile hydrothermal method with varying BaZrO₃:Chitosan ratios (1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5) and the morphological and structural properties of the composites were characterized by SEM-EDS, XRD, BET and TEM techniques. The ciprofloxacin adsorption capacities of the composites were examined in batch-experimental studies and effects of adsorption factors (initial concentration, pH, and temperature) on ciprofloxacin removal on the as-selected composite (BaZrO₃/Chitosan (1:1)) were examined by response surface methodology with central composite design. In further studies, Ag nanoparticles were doped on the surface of BaZrO₃/Chitosan (1:1) in varying proportions (5 %, 10 %, 15 %). to enhance the ciprofloxacin adsorption capacity and antimicrobial efficiency, The ciprofloxacin adsorption capacity of BaZrO₃/Chitosan (1:1) increased from 74 % to 90 % by 5 % Ag doping on its surface. The antimicrobial efficiencies of the BaZrO₃/Chitosan (1:1) and Ag/BaZrO₃/Chitosan composites were evaluated using a disc diffusion assay. 5/Ag/BaZrO₃/Chitosan composite formed an inhibition zone around <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria, indicating an inhibitory effect. Overall, it is concluded that the Ag/BaZrO₃/Chitosan composite has the potential for use as an effective antimicrobial adsorbent in contaminated water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of photoactivated gas sensing properties in In2S3 thin films fabricated via spray pyrolysis","authors":"Rajendra V. Wagh ,&nbsp;Chetan R. Yewale ,&nbsp;Umesh J. Tupe ,&nbsp;Satish S. Mandawade ,&nbsp;Sajid Naeem ,&nbsp;Vikas V. Deshmane ,&nbsp;Arun V. Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the gas-sensing properties of indium sulfide (In₂S₃) thin films. The specific surface area of In₂S₃ thin films was found to be 8.63 m² g⁻¹. The half-bridge method estimates the electrical parameters of the films. Films show 6.7 × 10² Ω m and −0.00156/°C resistivity and TCR, respectively. Researchers looked at how In₂S₃ reacted with different gases, like CO₂, NO₂, H₂S, NH₃, LPG, and ethanol, at different working temperatures. Authors did this in the presence of IR light on thin films of In₂S₃. Films show maximum sensitivity to CO₂ gas at 90 °C operating temperature. The results showed a big increase in sensitivity when photoactivated. The formation of electron-hole pairs facilitates the binding and release of gases. We also examined the influence of IR intensity, gas concentration, and response-recovery times. The In₂S₃ thin films made by spray pyrolysis work well as gas sensors when activated by light.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 7","pages":"Article 101810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfur-doped NiCr2O4 nanocomposites (NCO@g-CNS) ferroelectric, optical and photocatalytic properties: Crystal violet dye degradation under solar light irradiation","authors":"Maimoona Ramzan ,&nbsp;Ismat Bibi ,&nbsp;Munawar Iqbal ,&nbsp;Farzana Majid ,&nbsp;Misbah Sultan ,&nbsp;Qasim Raza ,&nbsp;Muhammad Aamir ,&nbsp;Gul Fatima ,&nbsp;Sooman Lim ,&nbsp;Arif Nazir ,&nbsp;Norah Alwadai","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-CNS) nanocomposites with NiCr₂O₄ (NCO@g-CNS) were prepared by coprecipitation and ultrasonication routes. The NCO, g-CNS and NCO@g-CNS1-4 nanocomposites were compared for ferroelectric, optical and photocatalytic properties. P-E loops showed higher charge transfer capabilities due to the incorporation of g-CNS in the NCO structure. SEM analysis confirmed interfacial contact and nanocomposite formation. The optical band gap of NCO (3.18 eV) and g-CNS (2.54 eV) was reduced to 2.68 eV in the case of NCO@g–CNS–4 nanocomposite, which makes the material efficient to carry out the photocatalytic activity under solar light irradiation. The CV dye removal was 92.45 % and 63.72 % for NCO@g–CNS–4 and NCO, with rate constants of 0.01672 min⁻¹ and 0.00922 min⁻¹ within 120 min of irradiation under solar light, respectively. The maximum dye degradation was achieved using a catalyst dose of 20 mg/L and a dye concentration of 15 mg/L at pH 9. Improved photocatalytic efficiency of composites was attributed to e⁻/h⁺ charge separation, which is confirmed by PL analysis. For the investigation of active species in the photocatalytic process, the scavenging experiment was conducted and the results showed that mainly <strong>^•</strong>OH radical is responsible for CV dye degradation. The recycling analysis with an 8 % decrease in CV dye degradation after six cycles showed a promising recyclability of the NCO@g–CNS–4 photocatalyst. These findings showed that NCO@g–CNS–4 could have potential for the removal of dyes from the wastewater using solar light, which will make the process cost-effective for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 7","pages":"Article 101801"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile synthesis of nano-structured magnesium oxide via sol-gel Method: Insights into structural, electrical, and humidity sensing characteristics","authors":"Asif Khan ,&nbsp;Syed Tasleem Hussain ,&nbsp;Syeda Itrat Rizvi ,&nbsp;Abdul Naeem ,&nbsp;Ayesha Sadiqa ,&nbsp;Awais Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing electronic industry has led to widespread use of electronic devices, where environmental humidity can impact their performance. Consequently, there has been increasing interest in the development of humidity sensors to ensure optimum functionality. This work focuses on the preparation and performance of magnesium oxide nanoparticles-based humidity sensor, with nanoparticle being synthesized using sol gel method. Physical analysis of the synthesized MgO nanoparticles was done by different analytical techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Average crystallite size obtained from XRD was 31 nm while particle size calculated from FESEM images was noted to be 190 nm. The band gap energy of the as prepared nanoparticles was found to be 2.78 eV with maximum absorbance at 200 nm. XPS proved the existence of Mg and O with weight percentages of 21.80 % Mg and 77.58 % O. The BET surface area was 219 m²/g, with BJH specific surface area of 134 m²/g and average pore size of 15.43 nm. The electrochemical properties were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, revealing specific capacitance values ranging from 8.66 to 90.73 F g⁻¹, with a capacitance retention of 66 %.EIS results indicated a solution resistance of 0.87792 Ω cm² and charge transfer resistance of 3.077 Ω cm². Humidity sensing response was evaluated by measuring resistance changes through LCR (Q) meter. The humidity sensor demonstrated a response and recovery times of 52 s and 131 s respectively. Results of various physical parameters and applications proved that the prepared magnesium oxide could be successfully used as active materials for fine supercapacitance and humidity sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and artificial neural network modelling of Rhodamine B decolorization at low concentrations using pine needle and sugarcane bagasse biochars","authors":"Neelaambhigai Mayilswamy ,&nbsp;Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian ,&nbsp;Saleega Shirin K.K ,&nbsp;Anupama Shaju","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present experimental research investigation accentuates the thermochemical conversion of pine needle, and sugarcane bagasse biomass feedstocks into biochars via facile pyrolysis for the remediation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye contaminated effluent at lower concentrations accompanied by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Modelling. The physicochemical properties of the as-synthesized biochars were analyzed using advanced characterization techniques. At adsorbate concentrations of 1 mg L⁻¹, pine needle biochar (PNB) demonstrated a higher maximum adsorption capacity (q_m) of 0.8370 mg/g in contrast to sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBB - q_m: 0.5657 mg/g), indicating enhanced adsorptive site availability and surface functionality. RhB decolorization phenomenon using both the biomass-derived biochars could be best explicated by the Pseudo second-order kinetics, and Langmuir isotherm model, signifying chemisorption, and mono-layered adsorption respectively. The dye adsorption process modelled using the Levenberg Marquardt backpropagation Algorithm optimized via Genetic Algorithm demonstrated a strong correlation with the experimentally obtained RhB adsorption capacity values. Higher coefficient of determination (R²- PNB: 0.987, SBB: 0.9953), and correlation coefficient (R– PNB: 0.9764, SBB: 0.9899) values, along with lower mean square error (MSE- PNB: 0.0050, SBB: 0.0017) values were obtained towards RhB uptake using the biochar adsorbents, signifying favorable predictiveness towards multi-factor adsorption. The optimal parameters for RhB uptake using both the biomass-derived biochars were ascertained to be: temperature (298.15 K), biochar dose (0.02 g), contact time (360 min), pH (2), preliminary RhB concentration (1 mg L⁻¹).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of hydrogen-rich gaseous product from pyrolysis of polypropylene wastes using bauxite ore catalyst: yield analysis of various products","authors":"Ravindra Kumar ,&nbsp;Anup Kumar Sadhukhan ,&nbsp;Biswajit Ruj","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article investigates the extraction of superior-quality pyrolytic oil (PO) with considerable yield and hydrogen-rich gaseous mixtures from the pyrolysis of polypropylene waste (PPW) with and without a catalyst. Considering the presence of a mixture of metal oxides in low-cost bauxite ore, its catalytic activity towards the quality and quantity of PO and the composition of syngas has been explored experimentally. A positive selectivity towards the reduced temperature (about 10 °C) degradation of PPW with catalysts has been identified during the thermogravimetric (TGA) study. A batch reactor study was conducted with PPW with varied proportions of catalyst, temperatures (525 °C–600 °C), and heating rates (5, 10, and 15 °C/min) to quantify the effects of process conditions on end products’ characteristics and to identify the optimal process parameters. The pyrolysis temperature of 575 °C at 15 °C/min with 10 % catalyst produced the superior quality PO. The corresponding yields of PO and gaseous products were 75.14 % and 17.16 %, respectively. The analysis of PO by FTIR and GC-MS showed higher concentrations of lighter hydrocarbons suitable for gasoline range fuel, namely 2, 4-dimethyl heptane, 2, 6-dimethyl-nonane, and 2, 4-dimethyl-1-heptene, in addition to aromatics. The GC test of gaseous products showed that the presence of bauxite ore significantly enhanced the hydrogen recovery in gaseous products compared to thermal pyrolysis alone. Under optimum conditions, the hydrogen content in the gaseous product reached up to 9.8 %, fulfilling the primary aim of the study. Bauxite ore has a promising catalytic activity, making the process sustainable for hydrogen-rich gaseous products and gasoline range PO from PPW. The study backs circular economy activities by promoting the scientific use of plastic garbage for converting it into value-added clean fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 7","pages":"Article 101811"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability at scale: implementing a green solvent approach for Grignard reactions in the synthesis of key intermediates for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)","authors":"Dinesh Krishna Narukulla,&nbsp;Amrendra Kumar,&nbsp;Venkata Rao Kaki","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The operational feasibility of greener ethereal solvents viz., 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) and Cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) for Grignard reactions in the scale-up processes of ten API intermediates was investigated. Initially, the solubility and stability of four different Grignard reagents that are used in these processes were examined at various molar concentrations in greener solvents. Then, Grignard reactions were performed, while optimizing the reaction conditions in 2-MeTHF, CPME, and conventional solvents tetrahydrofuran (THF), THF/toluene. Evaluation of the reaction performances directs that 2-MeTHF is a better alternative solvent for these API intermediates over CPME. 2-MeTHF was efficiently recycled from the reactions and reused in subsequent batches without compromising reaction performance, which significantly reduces environmental footprints. These investigations bolster the adoption of scalable, sustainable processes in the synthesis of ten API-key intermediates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}