Journal of the Indian Chemical Society最新文献

{"title":"Influence of steam explosion on chemical, mechanical, and thermal characterization of himalayan sisal fiber","authors":"Abhilash Karakoti ,&nbsp;Namita Singh ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Narendra Gariya ,&nbsp;Shashank Pal ,&nbsp;Sanjeev Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work focuses on the investigation of the chemical morphology, mechanical, and thermal properties of Himalayan sisal fiber (HSF) by using raw, alkaline-treated (NaOH), and steam explosion along with acid-treated HSF. Chemical compositions such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, wax, and ash were examined in the current study. Alkaline-treated HSF showed the highest cellulosic constituent (85.04 wt.%) as compared to others. Mechanical (tensile force and tenacity) and thermal (TGA) studies depict that NaOH treated fiber is more efficient and more thermally stable as compared to untreated and acid treated HSF. The tensile force of 5 % NaOH-treated himalayan sisal fiber increased by 50.7 % and 35.29 %, respectively, as compared to raw and acid-treated fiber. Raw and treated HSF was subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The most significant breakdown temperature arises from 355 °C for raw, 365 °C and 390 °C for acid and alkaline treatment. The thermal stability of alkaline-treated sisal fiber has been found to be higher as compared to raw and acid-treated sisal fiber. Fourier transfer-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy study revealed that the change in peaks and intensity during the treatment can bring about change in the structure and potential improvements to the fiber. Crystallinity of HSF was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Alkaline-treated fiber showed the highest percentage crystallinity (Cr %), i.e., 63.18, as compared to raw (58.92 %) and acid-treated-steam exploded sisal fiber (62.90 %). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation showed the sisal fiber's fracture, fiber pull-out and fiber breakage. In conclusion, Himalayan sisal fiber can be utilized to strengthen bio-composites in place of synthetic fibers for environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 11","pages":"Article 102180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-oil from Trichosanthes cucumerina seeds: Extraction, phytochemical profiling, antimicrobial potential, and fuel properties","authors":"Govindhan Perumal ,&nbsp;Dharmendrakumar Mahendradass","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lifestyle changes and environmental factors significantly contribute to the prevalence of various disorders. Medicinal plants are gaining importance in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their role in disease prevention and treatment. This study focuses on the extraction and characterization of bio-oil from <em>T. cucumerina</em> seed, aiming to isolate its phytoconstituents, Antimicrobial activities, and perform elemental analysis (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Cu). Additionally, the study assesses the physicochemical properties of the bio-oil, including yield percentage, free fatty acid content, and acidity. Parameters such as extraction temperature, duration, solvent-to-seed ratio, and seed particle size were analysed. The maximum oil yield (31.19 wt%) was obtained using n-hexane solvent, with a crushed seed size of 0.25 mm, an extraction period of 120 min, a temperature of 60 °C, and a solvent-to-seed ratio of 15:1 (ml/g). The reaction followed first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 63.604 kJ mol⁻¹. The bio-oil was characterized using FTIR, GC-MS, HPLC, and ¹H NMR. The antimicrobial activity against pathogens indicates its potential usefulness as an antiseptic. The results suggest that the bio-oil has potential applications in the medicinal, and biodiesel industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 11","pages":"Article 102179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic-promoted green synthesis of new 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles: Anti-esophageal cancer evaluation, apoptosis morphology, DFT-calculations, in silico ADME, and molecular docking study","authors":"Ahmed Majeed Jassem,&nbsp;Sabreen Mahdi Hassan,&nbsp;Kawkab Ali Hussein,&nbsp;Sadiq M.H. Ismael,&nbsp;Faeza Abdulkareem Almashal,&nbsp;Hadi A.S. Jabir","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new series of 3-acetyl-2, 3-dihydro-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives (<strong>8a-j</strong>) was synthesized under ultrasonic technique to explore their antiproliferative efficacy towards esophageal cancer. The chemical structures of the target derivatives were authenticated by different spectroscopic tools including ¹H and ¹³C NMR, FTIR, and Mass spectra. Using ultrasonic technique offers a simple operation, high scalable yields solvent-free, saving energy, and being agreement with green chemistry. The potential enantiomers found in the target derivatives were separated by an enantioselective HPLC technique. The HPLC analysis confirmed these derivatives are a racemic mixture. The target derivatives were tested against three esophageal cell lines (KYSE-150, EC9706, and SLMT-1). Interestingly, the separated (R)-(+) enantiomers are found to show high antiproliferative activity than their racemic and corresponding (S)-(−) forms. Among the (R)-(+) enantiomers, (R)-(+) <strong>8a</strong>, (R)-(+) <strong>8b</strong>, (R)-(+) <strong>8c</strong> and (R)-(+) <strong>8j</strong> showed high potency with a range of IC₅₀ values (1.68 ± 0.01 to 2.89 ± 0.11 μM) compared to cisplatin (IC₅₀ = 1.32 ± 0.01 to 2.63 ± 0.21 μM). By using a dual staining assay (annexin V-FITC and PI), the morphological data demonstrated that the most potent (R)-(+) enantiomers are able to trigger the apoptotic process of the aforementioned cells in a characteristic pathway compared with their effects in the NE-3 and HET-1A (normal cells). In DFT calculations, the findings revealed that the major (R)-(+) enantiomers found in the target derivatives (<strong>8a-j</strong>) were more stable compared to their corresponding (S)-(−) enantiomers. The ADME predictions of the most potent derivatives (<strong>8a</strong>, <strong>8b</strong>, <strong>8c</strong>, and <strong>8j</strong>) displayed no Lipinski's violation as they have favorable oral drug-likeness criteria. The docking scores of the above derivatives with some targeting proteins (PDB ID: <span><span>2LEO</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, <span><span>5HZN</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, and <span><span>6DUK</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>), confirmed favorable binding interactions with the aforementioned proteins. Overall, the most potent derivatives emerge as a promising candidate for esophageal cancer diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 11","pages":"Article 102178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral carbonation of flue gas desulfurization gypsum to produce solid nano carbonates for building materials and allied characterizations","authors":"Payal Bakshi,&nbsp;Soumitra Maiti,&nbsp;Neeraj Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the mineral carbonation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum to produce solid nano carbonates for building materials and allied characterizations. Solid nano calcium carbonate is produced within 60 min with the application of NaOH and acetone for improving reaction stability and achieving high concentration calcite (CaCO₃) particles. This study details the optimization of a method for synthesizing nano CaCO₃ from FGD gypsum and CO₂ at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. In contrast to previous research, this methodology incorporates acetone as a stabilizing agent to inhibit re-dissolution and facilitate the creation of high purity nano calcite. The impact of the selected process on the characteristics of CaCO₃ particles is assessed using Thermal gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) and High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. 1 M NaOH solution sample (C1) has shown the optimum conversion of FGD gypsum into solid nano carbonates with 84.08 % CaCO₃ purity, 87.67 % carbonation rate and 94.01 % carbonation efficiency. The mean particle size of produced nano carbonate is found to be 45.72 nm with rhomboidal and spherical shapes. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) of solid nano carbonates sample showed a distinct spot pattern, indicating its single crystalline nature. This work proposed an advantageous solution, as it facilitates both CO₂ fixation and the generation of solid nano calcium carbonate particles for application in building materials. Future research should focus on the mineral carbonation utilizing various feedstocks, the advancement of efficient processes and the implementation of mineral carbonation at the pilot scale from the perspectives of waste management and circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 11","pages":"Article 102176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green, effective and trouble-free transesterification of coconut oil using NiWO4 nanoparticles under blue LED light medium","authors":"Murugan Arunachalapandi ,&nbsp;Annadurai Udhayabarath ,&nbsp;Prabakaran Madhuvishnu ,&nbsp;R. Indira ,&nbsp;S.C. Vella Durai ,&nbsp;A. Maniram Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiesel production is a major requirement in environmental research to reduce the harmful effects on climate from industries and transporters. The need of biodiesel is an emerging field of study in various science techniques to improve its availability. In this present study, NiWO₄ nanoparticles were successfully prepared by using a simple precipitation method. The prepared NiWO₄ nanoparticles have to be used for the transesterification of coconut oil under visible light irradiation. The enormous amount of fatty acids present in coconut oil is the major source to replace the acid derivation to substitute the methyl group on the terminal to make the ester to produce biodiesel in a visible light medium. The NiWO₄ nanoparticles show excellent activity in transesterification, producing up to 89 % of biodiesel under a visible light medium. NiWO₄ nanoparticles are very reactive, stable, work well with visible light, have quick reaction times, are easy to recover, and can be reused many times in transesterification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 11","pages":"Article 102169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newly designed eco-friendly allyl pentaerythritol crosslinker based pH-responsive hydrogel: Swelling, adsorption behavior, thermodynamic and reusability studies","authors":"Arbind Chaurasiya ,&nbsp;Poorn Prakash Pande ,&nbsp;Ravi Shankar ,&nbsp;Kajal Kumar Dey ,&nbsp;Divya Singh ,&nbsp;Kopal Kashaudhan ,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺ ions from wastewater using an allyl pentaerythritol crosslinker-based hydrogel (APECLHs hydrogel). Three grades of allyl pentaerythritol crosslinker-based hydrogel (APECLHs-1, APECLHs-2 and APECLHs-3) have been prepared using two monomers viz., acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AAm) via free radical copolymerization method. The APECLHs hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, TGA, ΔpH_PZC and SEM analysis. According to FE-SEM data, the APECLHs hydrogel is highly porous that provides abundant adsorption sites, which are crucial for effective metal ion uptake. The percent swelling ratio (%SR) of APECLHs-1 hydrogel has been found to be 18656, 22455 and 30574 % in 45 h and percent water retention ratio (%WRR) was 77.85, 79.21 and 81.57 % in 48 h at pH values 4, 7 and 11, respectively. The maximum metal ions adsorption of APECLHs-1 hydrogel was obtained as 98.14 % for Cu²⁺ and 95.16 % for Co²⁺ ions. The outcomes presented that experimental data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm (LI) model with an adsorption potential of 370.95 mg/g for Cu²⁺ and 337.53 mg/g for Co²⁺ using APECLHs-1 hydrogel. The kinetic behavior of APECLHs-1 hydrogel towards the HMIs agreed with pseudo second order (PSO) kinetics with a rate constant of 9.9 × 10⁻⁵ g/(mg.min) for Cu²⁺ and 7.2 × 10⁻⁵ g/(mg.min) for Co²⁺ ions. The APECLHs-1 hydrogel showed a remarkable desorption efficiency which facilitates the reuse of the hydrogel many times for Co²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions adsorption. The percent metal adsorption of APECLHs-1 hydrogel was observed as 87.37 % for Cu²⁺ and 85.11 % for Co²⁺ ions even after the fourth cycle of adsorption of HMIs. Hence, the synthesized APECLHs-1 hydrogel exhibits excellent potential for use as a reusable adsorbent for Co²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions elimination from water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 11","pages":"Article 102162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the terpineol synthesis from turpentine oil using p−toluenesulfonic acid catalyst","authors":"Linh T.T. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Nhuan N. Doan ,&nbsp;Minh D. Vu ,&nbsp;Luong C.T. Pham","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>P-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) has been identified as a promising homogeneous acid catalyst for the direct hydration of α-pinene (AP), which accounts for approximately 82 % of Vietnam turpentine oil, to produce terpineol. The efficiency of this transformation is influenced by multiple parameters, including the relative molar ratios of reactants, catalyst, and solvent, as well as reaction temperature and time. To support the expansion of this process into industrial applications, this study employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a statistical optimization approach, to identify the optimal reaction conditions. In the context of optimized conditions: The molar ratio of AP/PTSA was 1:1, H₂O/PTSA was 26:1, and IPA/PTSA was 5:1. The process was conducted at 66 °C for 2.5 h, resulting in a high AP conversion of 98 % and a total terpineol selectivity of 50 %, with α-terpineol accounting for 46 %. Notably, the PTSA catalyst exhibited high levels of activity even after three reuse cycles, thereby substantiating its recyclability. These findings underscore the process as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and technically viable route for industrial-scale terpineol production from turpentine oil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 11","pages":"Article 102175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the synergistic corrosion inhibition effect of metal ion modified citrus peel extract on Q235 carbon steel in hydrochloric acid","authors":"Zijie Tang ,&nbsp;Pengjie Wang ,&nbsp;Yuhao Song ,&nbsp;Wenchao Liu ,&nbsp;Kashif Rahmani Ansari ,&nbsp;Ambrish Singh ,&nbsp;Yuanhua Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrosion inhibitors extracted from plants have good prospects for development, but the lack of outstanding corrosion inhibition efficiency is a serious problem. Therefore, in this paper, the extract of orange peel was used as a green corrosion inhibitor (Org), and in order to obtain excellent corrosion inhibition effect, it was combined with FeCl₃ and TiCl₄ to form two nanocomposite inhibitors, Org/Fe and Org/Ti, respectively. The corrosion inhibition performance and mechanism of the three corrosion inhibitors were investigated on carbon steel in 1.0 mol/L HCl solution. The weight loss and electrochemical results showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiencies of Org/Fe and Org/Ti were higher than that of Org, which indicated that Ti⁴⁺ and Fe³⁺ could effectively improve the corrosion inhibition performance of Org. The adsorption of Org, Org/Fe and Org/Ti on Q235 indicated that the adsorption belonged to Langmuir isothermal adsorption. The results of particle size analysis showed that Org/Fe and Org/Ti belonged to nanocomposite inhibitors. Theoretical calculations indicate that the addition of metal ions forms a dense protective film, thereby more effectively isolating the corrosive medium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 11","pages":"Article 102172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective adsorption of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters from palm oil using zeolite and coconut shell activated carbon","authors":"Elvi Restiawaty ,&nbsp;Bellentz Gabryella Lukrina ,&nbsp;Dina Ferdinasari ,&nbsp;Wibawa Hendra Saputera ,&nbsp;Yogi Wibisono Budhi","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palm oil is a major edible oil, yet its refining process leads to the formation of hazardous contaminants, particularly 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE), which occur at higher concentrations than in other vegetable oils. This study explores an adsorption-based purification approach using a binary mixture of coconut shell–derived activated carbon and natural mordenite zeolite. The adsorbents exhibited distinct bulk densities (0.45 and 0.658 g/cm³, respectively) and were applied at 3 wt% in batch experiments conducted at 45 °C with varied mixing ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 1:2). Kinetic analysis indicated that adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order model, suggesting chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacities reached 0.552 mg/g for 3-MCPDE and 0.578 mg/g for GE. The highest efficiency was obtained with a 1:1 ratio under simultaneous mixing, reducing 3-MCPDE and GE concentrations by 94.8 % (0.75 ppm) and 94.4 % (0.69 ppm), respectively. Statistical analysis confirmed that adsorption time and mixing mechanism significantly affected removal efficiency (p &lt; 0.05). Overall, the combined use of activated carbon and mordenite demonstrated synergistic performance in targeting both polar and non-polar contaminants, providing a cost-effective and scalable strategy for safer palm oil refining and improved compliance with food safety standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 11","pages":"Article 102173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient cadmium removal from phosphoric acid by adsorption onto functionalized bentonite and activated carbon derived from rosemary root","authors":"Raja Belkhair ,&nbsp;Fatima ezzahra Baali ,&nbsp;Lhachmi Khamar ,&nbsp;Taoufiq Bouzid ,&nbsp;Mohammadine El Haddad ,&nbsp;Zouhair Hafid","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.102174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium content in wet phosphoric acid remains a major challenge in the industrial production of phosphate fertilizers. This study investigates the removal of cadmium using two novel adsorbent materials: modified bentonite clay and activated carbon derived from rosemary root. The bentonite clay was functionalized by intercalating silver hydroxide (Ag(OH)) between its layers, followed by grafting diethyl O,O-dithiophosphoric ester (-SH group) onto its surface. Activated carbon was prepared via chemical carbonization of rosemary root using phosphoric acid. The adsorbents were characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX/EDS, and BET techniques, and their cadmium adsorption performance was evaluated in a batch system. A full factorial design was employed to study the effects of adsorbent specific mass, phosphoric acid concentration (P₂O₅ %), and temperature on cadmium removal efficiency. The results showed that modified bentonite achieved up to 89 % cadmium removal at a specific mass of 6 g per 100 g of wet phosphoric acid, particularly at P₂O₅ concentrations between 6.8 % and 12.6 %, with higher pH favoring improved performance. Activated carbon achieved a maximum removal efficiency of approximately 70 % at a specific mass of 1 g per 100 g of wet phosphoric acid for P₂O₅ concentrations below 10 %. The enhanced performance of modified bentonite is attributed to chemisorption through covalent bonding between cadmium ions and surface sulfur groups. These findings highlight the potential of functionalized bentonite as an effective and economical adsorbent for cadmium removal in industrial phosphoric acid processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 11","pages":"Article 102174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}