Journal of the Indian Chemical Society最新文献

{"title":"Visible-light assisted methylene blue and methyl orange degradation using SnO micro sheets: Mechanistic insight and degradation pathways","authors":"Atul Kumar ,&nbsp;Divya Tripathi ,&nbsp;Jyoti Yadav ,&nbsp;Surya Prakash Singh ,&nbsp;Monika Tandon ,&nbsp;Shubham Tripathi ,&nbsp;Vijay Prajapati ,&nbsp;Pratima Chauhan ,&nbsp;Ravindra Kumar Rawat","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrothermal method is used to synthesize the various morphologies of stannous oxide (SnO) for photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation. The catalytic activities of SnO samples were investigated for the degradation of the methylene blue (MB), and methyl orange (MO) dyes. The prepared SnO samples were characterized by the X<strong>-</strong>ray diffraction (XRD) technique, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–visible spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique. The UV–visible spectroscopy monitored the proportion of the dyes in an aqueous solution. The synthesized SnO sample D exhibit excellent activity with degradation efficiencies of &gt;79 % and &gt;96 %, respectively for MO and MB dyes, up to 120 min of irradiation to a visible light source. BET analysis further confirmed that sample D is a mesoporous material with a 55.354 m²/g specific surface area and an average pore diameter of 12.546 nm. The catalytic activity of MO and MB dyes with SnO samples was analyzed under pseudo-first-order conditions. The most effective catalyst, sample D, exhibited good performance during the reusability analysis, reaching an activity of 66 % and 85 % up to the fifth analyzed cycle of reuse SnO sample D for MO and MB dyes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication, characterization and photocatalytic activity of ternary ZnWO4/In2O3/ZnO nanocomposite photocatalyst for organic dye pollutant remediation","authors":"Chananchida Khaokhajorn ,&nbsp;Pongsaton Amornpitoksuk ,&nbsp;Tanattha Rattana ,&nbsp;Sumetha Suwanboon","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A ternary ZnWO₄/In₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposite photocatalyst was prepared by wet impregnation to include ZnWO₄ contents of 5, 10 and 15 %. The ZnWO₄/In₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. These characterization techniques confirmed the successful formation of ZnWO₄/In₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposites. The Rietveld refinement confirmed a presence of In₂O₃, ZnWO₄ and ZnO in ZnWO₄/In₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposite. The SEM and TEM images of ZnWO₄/In₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposite showed spherical nanoparticle of In₂O₃, irregular shape of ZnO and nanoplatelet of ZnWO₄. The optical behavior of the nanocomposites was investigated by ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The bandgap values of ZnO, In₂O₃ and ZnWO₄ powders were 3.08, 2.90 and 3.22 eV, respectively. The 10 %ZnWO₄/In₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposite was the most effective photocatalyst, degrading almost 100 % of methylene blue in the presence of 50 μL of H₂O₂. The 10 %ZnWO₄/In₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposite was effective for five cycles of photocatalysis. A mechanism was proposed to describe the roles of the hydroxyl radical, hole and superoxide anion radical in degradation on the 10 %ZnWO₄/In₂O₃/ZnO photocatalyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of Micellar Liquid Chromatography method for analysis of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in tablets dosage form","authors":"Manoj Kumar ,&nbsp;Divya Bajpai Tripathy ,&nbsp;Chandu Madankar ,&nbsp;Subhalaxmi Pradhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study describes the method development and validation of a green and isocratic micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) approach for the simultaneous estimation of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in tablet formulations. This green chromatographic technique employs surfactant solutions as the activated mobile phase, once the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) is reached. The optimized MLC conditions showing high resolution and minimal peak tailing are the mobile phase containing 0.10 M SDS, 10 % 1-Propanol, 5 % Acetonitrile, 2 % Triethyl amine (pH-6.0) with a flow rate of 1.1 mL/min at 35 °C. It was clearly observed that the method used the universal separation of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen and the retention times are 1.644, 10.130 min and they were detected at 230 nm. Method validation using ICH methodologies proved that method was linear (r² &gt; 0.998), precise (RSD &lt;2 %), accurate (98.0–102.0 % recovery), specific, robust, and stable after 12 h in solution. Limits of detection and quantification were established at 3.0 μg and 10.0 μg for Paracetamol and 1.0 μg and 7.0 μg for Ibuprofen. This is a procedure applicable in regular quality control analysis and has the benefit of low toxicity, low environmental pollution and being useful even in complicated sample matrices. The findings confirm MLC as an effective, economical and enviable method of multispectral analysis of drugs, particularly analgesic/antipyretic medications such as Paracetamol and Ibuprofen whose use has been widespread.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the chemical tailoring of nanotube and its metal-doped derivatives for fuel oil desulfurization: First-principles studies","authors":"Idongesit J. Mbonu ,&nbsp;Emily O. Udowa ,&nbsp;Osakponmwen J. Okhuarobo ,&nbsp;Samuel E. Odey ,&nbsp;Musa Runde","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research proves that dibenzothiophene (DBT) is a contaminant which is a challenge in the petroleum industry, human health, and water pollution. It is imperative to proffer a solution to mitigate the existence of polluted compounds such as DBT, hence, Aluminium nitride nanotube (AlNNT) was modified with transition metals such as Iridium (Ir), Osmium (Os), Platinum (Pt), and Rhenium (Re) to ascertain possible sensitivity and adsorption strength against DBT. This study was achieved via the computational density functional theory (DFT) method, calculated PBE0-D3/def2svp level of theory. From the findings, Re@AlNNT (−0.735 eV), Pt@AlNNT (−1.287 eV), Os@AlNNT (−1.283 eV), and Ir@AlNNT (−1.340 eV) show a weak and moderate chemisorption characterization toward DBT interaction. The electronic study via the HOMO-LUMO relationship also shows a change in the energy gap of the modified AlNNT after interacting with DBT. In the pure state, AlNNT possesses an energy of 5.130 eV but after modification; Ir@AlNNT (3.071 eV), Os@AlNNT (2.223 eV), Pt@AlNNT (2.400 eV), and Re@AlNNT (5.932 eV) was observed, while 3.165 eV, 2.770 eV, 2.654 eV, and 2.359 eV values were seen after DBT interaction respectively. The examined nanotube could be a good agent in the development of DBT sensor materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional, morpho-structural characteristics, and bioaccessibility of rice and insect protein enriched persimmon particles: effects of carrier agents for fluidized bed drying","authors":"Newton Carlos Santos ,&nbsp;Raphael L.J. Almeida ,&nbsp;Shênia S. Monteiro ,&nbsp;Thalis L.B. de Lima ,&nbsp;Maria M.T. Saraiva ,&nbsp;Rebeca M.S. Santos ,&nbsp;Lídia P. da S. Nogueira ,&nbsp;Michael M. de A. Gomes ,&nbsp;Henrique V. Moura ,&nbsp;Morgana A. Araújo ,&nbsp;Larissa da S.S. Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Elaine J. da C. Silva ,&nbsp;Raquel A. de L. Dias ,&nbsp;Maria L. dos S. da Mota ,&nbsp;Matheus A. de B. Pasquali ,&nbsp;Ana P.T. Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we evaluated the effect of rice protein (RP), insect protein (IP), and their mixture (RIP) as carrier agents for fluidized bed drying (70 °C) of persimmon juice (PJ) and concentrated extract of its bagasse (PB) on process yield, functional and morpho-structural characteristics, and bioaccessibility. All experimental procedures were conducted in a controlled laboratory environment at 25 ± 2 °C and 65 % relative humidity. Analyses of bioactive compounds were performed in the absence of light to prevent photodegradation. A simple protocol was developed, yielding particles with protein content (15.23–25.73 %) and high β-carotene retention. The process achieved yields ranging from 34.40 % to 43.25 %, forming particles with attractive colors, good solubility (&gt;60 %), low hygroscopicity (&lt;15 %), and high water absorption capacity (76.89–86.81 %). The IP showed better β-carotene retention compared to RP, with RIP combination further enhancing this compound's retention in the particles. <em>In vitro</em> digestibility also indicated that RIP increased the bioaccessibility of β-carotene, which was more bioaccessible in PJ (12.17 %) and PB (17.64 %). The PJ particles (19.44–20.16 μm) exhibited spherical and rough geometry, while PB particles (37.09–44.65 μm) were heterogeneous and fragmented. Additionally, both groups showed an amorphous character with traces of crystallinity. Overall, the drying method and protein carrier can be tailored to produce protein-rich fruit particles with desired β-carotene concentration and bioaccessibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-silico identification of sulfur and selenium analogous to artemisinin as potential antimalarial drug candidates","authors":"Ayusman Kitu Biswal ,&nbsp;Hiranmayee Satapathy ,&nbsp;Pratyush Pani ,&nbsp;Juhi Dutta","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malaria continues to be a significant global health challenge, with approximately two million deaths annually. The emergence of resistance to potent artemisinin derivatives in existing drugs and combination therapies has heightened the need for novel antimalarial compounds. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive molecular docking and pharmacokinetic study on artemisinin-based compounds to identify potential candidates against <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>, a deadly malaria parasite. We screened 30 molecules of sulfur and selenium-substituted artemisinin and subjected them to docking and pharmacokinetic analysis, followed by molecular dynamics simulation. Drug-likeness, ADME properties, and toxicity analysis were performed to evaluate their pharmacological potential. Seven compounds emerged as potent antimalarial agents. Further molecular dynamics simulations revealed that five of these compounds formed stable complexes and exhibited strong binding to the target’s active site pocket, supported by structure–activity relationships. Notably, among the screened molecules, the disulfide analogous to artemisinin demonstrated superior potency compared to artemisinin, displaying low toxicity, extended half-life, reduced clearance, and potent inhibition properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient iodine capture by ethylene diamine grafted ZIF-11-NH2 metal-organic framework","authors":"Reza Sacourbaravi,&nbsp;Zeinab Ansari-Asl","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generating efficient and clean energy from nuclear power has attracted much attention. However, the improper disposal of radionuclides (especially ¹²⁹I and ¹³¹I), originating from nuclear fuel processes poses significant risks to the environment and human well-being. So, fabricating reliable sorbents to uptake radioactive wastes is an urgent need. ZIF-11 as a typical MOF (metal–organic framework), represents good potential for this purpose. In this study, to enhance the iodine capture performance of ZIF-11, amine-functionalized ZIF-11 (ZIF-11-NH₂) and ethylene diamine (EDA) grafted ZIF-11-NH₂ (EDA@ZIF-11-NH₂) were synthesized. The EDA@ZIF-11-NH₂ (4030 mg g⁻¹) and ZIF-11-NH₂ (2300 mg g⁻¹) exhibited higher adsorption efficiency compared to the pristine ZIF-11 (1050 mg g⁻¹). Various techniques are used to characterize the structure of fabricated compounds, such as FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy, PXRD (powder X-ray diffraction), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and EDS (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) mapping. According to the SEM images, the ZIF-11 and ZIF-11-NH₂ have the same morphology. The EDA@ZIF-11-NH₂ was stable and recyclable during the uptake iodine process, indicating its potential as an outstanding sorbent material. The kinetic adsorption analysis demonstrated that the adsorption of iodine onto EDA@ZIF-11-NH₂ followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating that chemisorption is the predominant mechanism governing the adsorption process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-engineered Ce/Ba doped and Ce–Ba Co-doped CuO and Co3O4 nanoparticles for improved photocatalytic and biological assessments","authors":"Shweta Kaushal ,&nbsp;Naveen Thakur ,&nbsp;Kuldeep Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CuO and Co₃O₄ NPs are renowned nanomaterials due to their exceptional features that contribute to the antibacterial and photocatalysis domains. In this study, Ce/Ba doped and Ce–Ba co-doped CuO and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered via a green method to enhance antibacterial, antioxidant efficiency and degrade congo red and rhodamine B by photocatalysis under UV radiations. The physicochemical properties of the NPs were identified by using several analytical techniques. The crystallite sizes of monoclinic Ce/Ba doped and Ce–Ba co-doped CuO were 12.38 and 9.92 nm, respectively, as confirmed by XRD. Similarly, the cubic samples of Ce/Ba doped and Ce–Ba co-doped Co₃O₄ NPs exhibited crystallite sizes of 12.94 and 6.08 nm. The FTIR analysis recorded the possible involvement of functional groups of biomolecules in the synthesized samples. The distribution of elements and their morphology was further indicated by SEM-EDX and TEM. The band gap values viz. 1.09 and 1.15 eV were determined from the UV–vis absorption analysis for Ce–Ba co-doped CuO and Co₃O₄ NPs, respectively. In particular, the Ce–Ba co-doped CuO degraded 93.20 and 91.56 % of congo red and rhodamine B within 50 and 60 min, respectively as compared to Ba-doped CuO showing 80–86 % degradation for both dyes. The scavenging activity shown by the same sample was also 88.67 %. The Ce–Ba co-doped CuO NPs exhibited the highest bacterial killing efficacy against gram- (+) and (−) bacteria. The exceptional performance of the samples was ascribed to the coupling of single-doped CuO and Co₃O₄ NPs with the Ce ions for upgrading the properties of the material for a sustainable ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-assisted N-formylation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates, and screening of their N-formylated derivatives towards anti-bacterial potential","authors":"P. Ramesh ,&nbsp;B. Purna Chandra Rao ,&nbsp;K. Rathnakar Reddy ,&nbsp;N. Murali ,&nbsp;Manojit Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a robust and sustainable approach for the selective <em>N</em>-formylation of API and their intermediates containing primary or secondary amine (both aliphatic and aromatic) in the presence of DMF and catalytic AcOH under microwave irradiation. The optimized conditions were established <em>via N</em>-formylation of Lopinavir intermediate-I and various marketed drugs (e.g. Duloxetine, Atomoxetine, Nebivolol, Desloratadine, Valaciclovir, Phenylephrine, Memantine, Vortioxetine, Tamsulosin, Palbociclib and Crizotinib) were employed subsequently. The other substrates include multi-functionalized API intermediates possessing various substituents or groups in addition to chiral centers in some cases. Generally, the <em>N</em>-formylation proceeded smoothly affording the corresponding product in good to acceptable yield. All the reactions were performed in gram scale and the methodology does not require the use of expensive and cumbersome column chromatographic purification of products. The selectivity, eco-friendly nature, low cost, operational and isolation/purification simplicity along with the access to several valuable drug impurities are the key features of the current protocol. When tested for anti-bacterial activities <em>in vitro</em> against several <em>S. aureus</em> strains along with <em>E. coli</em>, the low to good inhibition was noted for compound <strong>2d</strong> and <strong>2e</strong> against <em>S. aureus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101870"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and design of a solar panel for Ni2+ reduction by CuFe2O4/ZnO photocatalyst: Influence of some physical parameters","authors":"M. Fedailaine ,&nbsp;H. Lahmar ,&nbsp;M. Benamira ,&nbsp;M. Trari","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2025.101872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the modeling and design of a solar concentrator reactor equipped with a fixed bed of “CuFe₂O₄/ZnO” catalyst immobilized on glass plates for the Ni²⁺ photoelectrodeposition. Key operational parameters such as initial Ni²⁺ concentration, flow rate, catalyst mass, reactor volume, pH, and the number of catalytic plates were systematically investigated. A peristaltic pump facilitated the circulation of the solution under solar irradiation to enable the Ni⁺² reduction, a hazardous heavy metal. Experimentally, a maximum Ni²⁺ reduction efficiency of 58 % was achieved at an optimal concentration of 20 ppm. The simulation results are very similar, predicting a reduction efficiency of 62 %. Such results demonstrate the potential of solar-driven photoreactors in treating heavy metal-contaminated wastewater and provides a basis for future optimization and scale-up studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"102 8","pages":"Article 101872"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}