Fabrication of CoFe2O4/PANI nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode for the electrochemical determination of paracetamol

Paracetamol is recognized for its analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer) characteristics and function as a safer alternative to painkillers. An overdose of paracetamol and prolonged usage might result in considerable health issue in individuals. It is crucial to note its existence within the body, as well as in pharmaceutical preparations and dietary sources. A modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was produced by hydrothermally synthesizing a nanocomposite of CoFe₂O₄ and polyaniline (PANI). Brauner-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were used to illustrate the structure, composition, surface area and morphology of the CoFe₂O₄/PANI nanocomposite. The electrochemical sensing performance towards paracetamol and the stepwise construction method of the CoFe₂O₄/PANI/GCE electrode were assessed by square wave voltammetry (SWV). The experimental tests demonstrated that redox process of paracetamol was governed by adsorption control. The CoFe₂O₄/PANI/GCE demonstrated relationship to paracetamol within the concentration of 30–200 μM in SWV and linear range for SWV was determined to be 30–200 μM and limit of detection (LOD) for SWV was known to be 0.075 μM. The promising electrochemical response of the CoFe₂O₄/PANI composite indicates its potential for future development of selective and highly sensitive sensor platforms for paracetamol detection in clinical and pharmaceutical applications.