Gege Zhao, Haoyu Xu, Hai Zhang, Hong Zhang, Yanlan Bi, Xuebing Xu
{"title":"Removal and mechanism investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coconut oils by ionic liquids","authors":"Gege Zhao, Haoyu Xu, Hai Zhang, Hong Zhang, Yanlan Bi, Xuebing Xu","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12909","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Crude coconut oil often contains high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are commonly carcinogenic. The present work demonstrated that PAHs in coconut oil were significantly removed by ionic liquids (ILs). The relationship between the removal efficiency and the structures of ILs was investigated, using 12 different types ILs. Among these, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate ([Bmim][TOS]) showed the highest efficiency in removing benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). The optimal process conditions for the removal of PAHs using [Bmim][TOS] were explored, and the removal efficiency for benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHR), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), and BaP under the optimal conditions were 42.7 ± 1.0, 33.3 ± 1.4, 88.8 ± 0.9, and 73.8 ± 1.0%, respectively. Importantly, [Bmim][TOS] could be recycled up to five times without a significant decrease in PAHs removal. The quantum chemistry calculations and spectrum analyses were conducted to study the interactions between ILs and PAHs, using BaP as a model compound. The ability of [Bmim][TOS] to remove PAHs originate its high hydrogen bond accepting ability and the collaborative hydrogen bond interactions between the PAHs and ILs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17182,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society","volume":"102 3","pages":"521-531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Valorization of Mexican cabernet sauvignon grape pomace: A source of oil and lipophilic bioactive compounds","authors":"Marcos Leon-Bejarano, Maribel Ovando-Martínez, Senay Simsek","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12906","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents the first analysis of the lipophilic composition of oil extracted from Mexican Cabernet sauvignon grape pomace in Sonora, using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The findings reveal a promising oil yield of 7.52%, with linoleic acid dominating the fatty acid profile at 64.72%. Notably, the oil is rich in bioactive compounds, including tocopherols-tocotrienols (828.83 mg/kg), chlorophylls (32.15 mg/kg), carotenoids (550.04 mg/kg), and sterols (513265.51 mg/kg), highlighting its potential for valorization. These components are recognized for their biological potential, suggesting the grape pomace as a valuable source of high-value lipophilic compounds. This research contributes to the growing interest in utilizing wine industry by-products, advocating for further exploration of grape pomace's applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, thereby supporting sustainable practices in the agricultural sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":17182,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society","volume":"102 3","pages":"477-481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aocs.12906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing the chemical refining process parameters on the removal of free fatty acid in distillers corn oil","authors":"Md. Sanaul Huda, Ewumbua Monono","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12901","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Distillers corn oil (DCO) has commonly been used for non-edible purposes due to its high levels of free fatty acid (FFA). Food-grade corn oil is usually obtained from oil extracted and refined from corn germs rather than DCO. To enhance the market value and reduce the cost of refining DCO, it is important to optimize the removal of FFA since the chemical refining process conditions for DCO have not yet been studied in-depth. Therefore, a response surface methodology with a Box–Behnken design was utilized to study the effect of various process conditions during the neutralization of DCO using sodium hydroxide solution, a commonly used and effective neutralizing agent in the food industry. The process parameters selected were the excess level of sodium hydroxide (0%–0.4%), time (0.5–2 h), and temperature (60–70°C). The experimental data were fitted into a second-order polynomial equation using regression analysis. A well-fitting model was developed to predict the percent of FFA removed (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9963) at different process scenarios. The optimal process parameters of chemical refining removed approximately 90% of FFAs at an excess level of sodium hydroxide of 0.2%, temperature of 70°C, and time of 2 h. The experimental and predicted values for FFA removal showed minimal deviations during the validation of the developed regression model. Soap and FFA contents of neutralized DCO was within the acceptable limit after the process without any significant changes to the fatty acid profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":17182,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society","volume":"102 3","pages":"453-465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yubin Kim, In-Hwan Kim, Hye-Jeong See, Hye-Jin Kim, Hyuk Joon Choi, Byung Hee Kim
{"title":"Immobilized Talaromyces leycettanus phospholipase A1 as a reusable biocatalyst for l-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine preparation from phosphatidylcholine","authors":"Yubin Kim, In-Hwan Kim, Hye-Jeong See, Hye-Jin Kim, Hyuk Joon Choi, Byung Hee Kim","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><span>l</span>-α-Glycerylphosphorylcholine (<span>l</span>-α-GPC), a cognitive enhancer, can be prepared via phospholipase A<sub>1</sub> (PLA<sub>1</sub>)-catalyzed hydrolysis of soy phosphatidylcholine (PC). Quara LowP (QLP), a commercial liquid PLA<sub>1</sub> from <i>Talaromyces leycettanus</i>, has not yet been used for the preparation of <span>l</span>-α-GPC. This study aimed to establish the optimal conditions for the immobilized QLP-catalyzed hydrolysis of soy PC to prepare <span>l</span>-α-GPC and evaluate the reusability of the enzyme under these conditions. The immobilized QLP was prepared via physical adsorption onto Lewatit VP OC (LVO) 1600. The reaction was performed in <i>n</i>-hexane–water biphasic media in a stirred-batch reactor, achieving complete conversion to <span>l</span>-α-GPC. Optimal conditions included a temperature of 55°C, a soy PC-to-water molar ratio of 1:10, an enzyme loading (based on the protein quantity) of 10 mg/g soy PC, and a reaction time of 12 h. Gradual morphological alterations on the surface of the immobilized QLP, such as the formation of cracks and dents, were observed via scanning electron microscopy over six successive reuse cycles. Nevertheless, the immobilized QLP achieved complete conversion to <span>l</span>-α-GPC in its first reuse cycle under the optimal conditions up to the fifth cycle of reuse, with the extension of the reaction time to 60 h. These findings suggest that the LVO 1600-immobilized QLP is a promising and reusable biocatalyst for the hydrolysis of soy PC to prepare <span>l</span>-α-GPC.</p>","PeriodicalId":17182,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society","volume":"102 3","pages":"467-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aocs.12905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in catalyst design and reaction strategies for carbon-neutral conversion of bioglycerol to propylene, 1,2-propanediol, and hydrogen","authors":"M. El Doukkali, F. Dumeignil","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12910","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The inevitable depletion of fossil resources and the resulting anthropogenic climate change require a shift towards renewable feedstocks and eco-friendly technologies for greener energy, fuel, and chemicals production. This mini-review highlights our relevant research contributions to advance the production of carbon-neutral propylene, 1,2-propanediol and biohydrogen through thermo-chemical conversion of biomass-derived glycerol, using various heterogeneous catalysts. These achievements, recently recognized by the “<i>ACI/NBB Glycerine Innovation Award</i>,” are organized into shared sections: (i) economic and environmental benefits of utilizing surplus bioglycerol, as feedstock, (ii) strategies to improve the properties of transition metals-based catalysts (e.g., Pt, Pd, Ni, Cu or Mo supported on γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O3 or SiO<sub>2</sub>) for glycerol conversion via: steam reforming, aqueous-phase reforming, hydrogenolysis, and hydrodeoxygenation reactions, (iii) discussion on the catalytic roles of metallic, acidic and/or redox sites, and keys factors affecting catalyst stability and selectivity in these reactions operated under H<sub>2</sub>O-rich conditions, and (iv) assessment of reaction configurations and operating conditions for improved glycerol conversion into the target product, H<sub>2</sub> utilization efficiency and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The insights aim to guide the continuous improvement of bioglycerol upgrading processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17182,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society","volume":"102 3","pages":"483-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorenz Plankensteiner, Constantinos V. Nikiforidis, Jean-Paul Vincken, Marie Hennebelle
{"title":"Evaluating the oxidative stability of triacylglycerols in rapeseed (Brassica napus) oleosomes","authors":"Lorenz Plankensteiner, Constantinos V. Nikiforidis, Jean-Paul Vincken, Marie Hennebelle","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12902","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) are stored in natural droplets called oleosomes in seeds. The storage in oleosomes was suggested to increase TAGs' oxidative stability. In this study, we tested the oxidative stability of TAGs in rapeseed oleosomes and compared it with the one of TAGs stored as bulk oils or incorporated into oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by rapeseed lecithin. Oleosome oil-in-water emulsions (Ф<sub>oil</sub> = 0.1) were created and stored along with the bulk oils and lecithin emulsions for 63 days at 40°C. The TAGs in oleosomes were more oxidatively stable than in the bulk oils and lecithin emulsions, as indicated by the 17-day longer lag phase and a 1.6–1.8 times slower maximal hydroperoxide formation compared to the bulk oils and lecithin emulsions. Moreover, we made the first steps towards understanding the high stability of TAGs in oleosomes by monitoring the consumption of oleosome-associated antioxidants (tocopherols and carotenoids). Using oleosome extracts could be a strategy to retard TAGs oxidation in oil-in-water emulsions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17182,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society","volume":"102 2","pages":"435-449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aocs.12902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microfluidization outperforms homogenization: Optimizing stability and bioaccessibility in krill oil emulsions","authors":"Jia-rong Huang, Jian-run Zhang, Jing Zhang, Zhen-wen Shao, Da-yong Zhou, Liang Song","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12900","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research presents a rigorous comparative analysis of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and microfluidization (MF) for the production of krill oil (KO) emulsions, scrutinizing their impact on oxidative stability, bioaccessibility, and the behavior under in vitro simulated digestion. Our findings revealed that MF emulsions possessed a distinct advantage, with a droplet size and distribution that promoted exceptional oxidative stability, evidenced by a sustained reduction in oxidative markers and enhanced retention of bioactive components, including EPA and DHA, and the potent antioxidant astaxanthin. In contrast, HPH yielded larger and less uniform particles, correlating with diminished stability. The in vitro digestion studies underscored the superior bioaccessibility of MF emulsions, with a pronounced release of free fatty acids during the intestinal phase, indicative of an optimized digestion and absorption process due to the smaller droplet size of the emulsions. The study's insights advocate for the adoption of microfluidization in the food industry for the development of advanced delivery systems for <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids, particularly in the context of KO-based products. The technique shows promise in enhancing the quality, stability, and bioavailability of these products, which are rich in health-promoting lipids. The microfluidization technique emerges as a promising avenue for the fortification of a diverse range of commercial food, beverage, and pharmaceutical products with lipids that contribute to health and wellness.</p>","PeriodicalId":17182,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society","volume":"101 11","pages":"1329-1339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1H NMR chemometrics and mechanistic insights on the thermal degradation of coconut oil","authors":"Annabelle C. Flores, Drexel H. Camacho","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12899","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The re-use and prolonged heating of cooking oils is a common practice in preparing deep-fried foods. However, this could be unsafe and pose a health threat to consumers. This work investigates the thermal degradation of edible coconut oil under prolonged heating using chemometrics analysis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) data. Coconut oil samples were heated continuously without food matrix at three different temperatures (150, 175, and 200°C) for 12 h and the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra were collected every hour. NMR data revealed the formation of aldehyde oxidation products. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) discriminated the samples based on temperature and heating time. The Variable Importance Projection revealed the discriminating peaks highlighting the spectral feature due to hydroperoxides and aldehydes in the oil degradation. A probe into the <sup>1</sup>H NMR of the degradation products of saturated coconut oil confirmed the formation of a ketone as evidenced by a CH<sub>2</sub> triplet in the chemical shift region of protons alpha to a ketone. The results showed that the thermal degradation of coconut oil was influenced by temperature, time, moisture, and oxygen in the air which can contribute to the advancement in the control and assessment of coconut oil quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":17182,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society","volume":"102 2","pages":"425-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tailor-made production of mannosylerythritol lipids: From genetic modification to chemical synthesis","authors":"Azusa Saika, Tokuma Fukuoka","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12898","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are glycolipid biosurfactants produced by basidiomycetous yeasts. Mannosylerythritol lipids have received increasing attention because they not only have excellent interfacial activity but also have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, and against cancer cell line, repair damaged skin, as carriers for drug delivery, and to interact with proteins. These properties are dependent on their structures; therefore, the tailored production of targeted MELs is required to obtain the desired properties. Over the past two decades, the genomes of MEL producers have been analyzed, revealing the MELs synthesis pathway and related genes. Using this information, it has become possible to tailor-produce MELs by modifying the synthesis pathway. Furthermore, in recent years, novel chemical synthesis methods for MELs have been developed, enabling precise control over the fatty acid chain lengths of chemically synthesized MELs. This review compiles examples of the tailored production of MELs using methods ranging from the genetic modification of MELs producers to chemical synthesis methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":17182,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society","volume":"102 2","pages":"413-423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"JAOCS special issue on advancement in plant protein-based emulsions","authors":"Supratim Ghosh, Lingyun Chen","doi":"10.1002/aocs.12894","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aocs.12894","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17182,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society","volume":"101 10","pages":"923-925"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}