E. Morifuji, H. Momose, T. Ohguro, T. Yoshitomi, H. Kimijima, Fumiyoshi Matsuoka, M. Kinugawa, Y. Katsumata, Hiroshi Iwai
{"title":"Future perspective and scaling down roadmap for RF CMOS","authors":"E. Morifuji, H. Momose, T. Ohguro, T. Yoshitomi, H. Kimijima, Fumiyoshi Matsuoka, M. Kinugawa, Y. Katsumata, Hiroshi Iwai","doi":"10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797271","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of future scaling-down for RF CMOS technology has been investigated in terms of f/sub T/, f/sub max/, RF noise, linearity, and matching characteristics, based on simulation and experiments. It has been found that gate width and finger length are key parameters, especially in sub-100 nm gate length generations.","PeriodicalId":171010,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36325)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115279801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monte Carlo modeling of threshold variation due to dopant fluctuations","authors":"D. Frank, Y. Taur, M. Ieong, H.-S.P. Wong","doi":"10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIC.1999.797274","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new 3D Monte Carlo approach for modeling random dopant fluctuation effects in MOSFETs. The method takes every silicon atom in the device into account and is generally applicable to arbitrary nonuniform doping profiles. In addition to body dopant fluctuations, the effect of source-drain dopant fluctuations on short-channel threshold voltage is studied for the first time. The result clearly indicates the benefit of retrograde body doping and shallow/abrupt source-drain junctions. It also quantifies the magnitude of threshold voltage variations due to discrete dopant fluctuations in an optimally designed 25 nm MOSFET.","PeriodicalId":171010,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36325)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124695605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Yamamoto, I. Honma, T. Yamamoto, K. Urabe, K. Inoue, Y. Takaishi, Y. Yamada, K. Tokunaga, R. Kubota, M. Hamada, Y. Kato
{"title":"Low-temperature metal/ON/HSG-cylinder capacitor process for high density embedded DRAMs","authors":"I. Yamamoto, I. Honma, T. Yamamoto, K. Urabe, K. Inoue, Y. Takaishi, Y. Yamada, K. Tokunaga, R. Kubota, M. Hamada, Y. Kato","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799391","url":null,"abstract":"A logic-process-compatible low-temperature hemispherical grain (HSG) cylinder capacitor process with maximum process temperature below 700/spl deg/C is developed. Depletion in HSG-grains and top-electrodes due to decreasing thermal budget is effectively suppressed by phosphorus doping with PH/sub 3/-annealing and the use of metal plate-electrodes. By combining with the HSG grain size optimization, the low-temperature process with highly reliable oxynitride (ON) dielectrics can be applied to high density embedded DRAM cells down to 0.13 /spl mu/m design rules.","PeriodicalId":171010,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36325)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123130702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Re-distribution of Cu contamination in advanced high-speed CMOS and its influence on device characteristics","authors":"K. Hozawa, T. Itoga, S. Isomae, M. Ohkura","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799377","url":null,"abstract":"Cu contamination will be a crucial concern in advanced high-speed CMOS fabrication using Cu wiring. We evaluated the Cu gettering efficiency of Si wafers quantitatively by counting the Cu atoms that diffused from the backside to the front side of wafers through direct observation using TXRF (total reflection X-ray fluorescence). From this evaluation, we estimated the Cu gettering efficiency of the boron-doped Si layer and the Cu contamination redistribution behavior within a CMOS device. We found that even when the Cu contamination exists only on the Si wafer backside, about half of the Cu atoms diffuse to and segregate at the front surface during annealing. They are also found to segregate in the high concentration (>10/sup 17//cm/sup 3/) boron-doped layers which are used as components of a CMOS structure, such as the p-type well and the source/drain. These segregated Cu atoms will drastically degrade the CMOS device characteristics. The obtained results indicate that Si wafers with high gettering ability and Cu contamination control are indispensable for highly reliable CMOS devices.","PeriodicalId":171010,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36325)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129948370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K.N. Kim, D. Kwak, Y. Hwang, G. Jeong, T. Chung, B.J. Park, Y. Chun, J. Oh, C. Yoo, B. Joo
{"title":"A DRAM technology using MIM BST capacitor for 0.15 /spl mu/m DRAM generation and beyond","authors":"K.N. Kim, D. Kwak, Y. Hwang, G. Jeong, T. Chung, B.J. Park, Y. Chun, J. Oh, C. Yoo, B. Joo","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799326","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, 1 Gb DRAM based on the 0.18 /spl mu/m technology node (generation) and 0.15 /spl mu/m technology node for 4 Gb DRAM have been successfully demonstrated. These two technology generations are based on MIS capacitors using Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ dielectric. The extension of Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ MIS capacitors below 0.15 /spl mu/m technology is considered to be difficult due to insufficient cell capacitance. It is widely accepted that the MIM capacitor using high dielectric constant material is inevitable for 0.15 /spl mu/m technology and beyond. Although many studies to use high dielectric material have been reported, those studies are not adequate for 0.15 /spl mu/m technology and beyond because most of the studies are either based on a simple capacitor module process or based on large feature size design rules. In this paper, for the first time, a DRAM technology using BaSrTiO/sub 3/ (BST) MIM capacitors is developed with 0.15 /spl mu/m technology.","PeriodicalId":171010,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36325)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121645889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Imai, S. Shishiguchi, K. Yamaguchi, N. Kimizuka, H. Onishi, T. Horiuchi
{"title":"A source/drain formation technology utilizing sub-10 keV arsenic and assist-phosphorus implantation for 0.13 /spl mu/m MOSFET","authors":"K. Imai, S. Shishiguchi, K. Yamaguchi, N. Kimizuka, H. Onishi, T. Horiuchi","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799335","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a novel technology for formation of source/drain regions in 0.13 /spl mu/m MOSFETs. A combination of low-energy arsenic (8 keV) implantation and assist-phosphorous implantation suppresses transient enchanted diffusion (TED) of boron, and this improves I/sub on/-I/sub off/ characteristics as well as V/sub th/ roll-off. Assisted by low-dose phosphorous implantation, this technology can minimize both junction-leakage current and gate-poly depletion. An I/sub dsat/ of an nMOSFET of 750 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m (with t/sub ox//sup inv/ of 3.3 nm at 1.5 V) was obtained.","PeriodicalId":171010,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36325)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125657669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Co salicide compatible 2-step activation annealing process for deca-nano scaled MOSFETs","authors":"K. Goto, Y. Sambonsugi, T. Sugii","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799334","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, to realize a high performance deca-nano scaled MOSFET, we reported a new MOSFET fabrication process named the \"2-step activation annealing process\" (2-step AAP) (Goto et al, 1997), which forms extension junctions with low temperature annealing after activation annealing of gate and deep source/drain (S/D) regions and sidewall removal. This process can achieve high dopant activity in the gate and S/D and a shallow junction in the extension region without causing further thermal diffusion (TD). Using this process, a 50 nm pMOSFET with excellent short channel effect (SCE) immunity and a high drive current has been demonstrated. However, when considering a salicide process, 2-step AAP increases the process steps because additional sidewall (SW) is required before the salicide process. Moreover, the S/D region suffers damage from over-etching through two SW formations. In this work, to prevent these problems, we developed a Co salicide compatible 2-step activation annealing process (Co&2AAP).","PeriodicalId":171010,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36325)","volume":"38 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133783013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.Y. Lee, D. Jung, Y.J. Song, B. Koo, S.O. Park, H. Cho, S.J. Oh, D. Hwang, S.I. Lee, J. Lee, Y.S. Park, I.S. Jung, Kinam Kim
{"title":"A FRAM technology using 1T1C and triple metal layers for high performance and high density FRAMs","authors":"S.Y. Lee, D. Jung, Y.J. Song, B. Koo, S.O. Park, H. Cho, S.J. Oh, D. Hwang, S.I. Lee, J. Lee, Y.S. Park, I.S. Jung, Kinam Kim","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799383","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, ferroelectric random access memory has drawn a great deal of attention due to inherent properties such as nonvolatility, long retention time, high endurance, fast access time, small cell size compared to DRAM cell size in principle, and strong resistance to /spl alpha/-particle and cosmic ray irradiation. None of the available commercial memories meet all of the properties of the ferroelectric memory. Although ferroelectric memory has inherent good properties, full utilization of these properties has not yet been realized. Commercially available products are limited to low densities. The commercially available ferroelectric memory uses a 2T2C (two transistor-two capacitor) structure with single level metal instead of a 1T1C (one transistor-one capacitor) structure with multiple metal layers which is believed to be essential for mega-bit or giga-bit density memory. In this paper, an integration technology for high performance and high density FRAMs is developed using a 1T1C robust capacitor in a COB (capacitor over bit line) structure with triple metallization processes. The technology developed in this paper is evaluated with an experimental 4 Mb FRAM, which is the highest FRAM density developed to date.","PeriodicalId":171010,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36325)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115335668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Yang, Cheng-Jye Liu, Tien-Sheng Chao, Ming-Chi Liaw, C. Hsu
{"title":"Novel bi-directional tunneling NOR (BiNOR) type 3-D flash memory cell","authors":"E. Yang, Cheng-Jye Liu, Tien-Sheng Chao, Ming-Chi Liaw, C. Hsu","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799352","url":null,"abstract":"A novel 3D flash memory, BiNOR, with a localized shallow P-well is proposed for high speed, low power and high reliability applications. Low power bi-directional tunneling program/erase is realized in a NOR array, which guarantees better tunnel oxide reliability, where previously bi-directional tunneling program/erase could only be performed in NAND arrays. Moreover, high read performance is achieved by more than 15% conduction current enhancement due to the 3D cell structure.","PeriodicalId":171010,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36325)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124920282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Degraeve, N. Pangon, B. Kaczer, T. Nigam, G. Groeseneken, A. Naem
{"title":"Temperature acceleration of oxide breakdown and its impact on ultra-thin gate oxide reliability","authors":"R. Degraeve, N. Pangon, B. Kaczer, T. Nigam, G. Groeseneken, A. Naem","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1999.799339","url":null,"abstract":"A systematic study of oxide reliability is presented in the thickness range 13.8 nm to 2.8 nm. It is demonstrated that (i) the time-to-breakdown should be extrapolated as a function of gate voltage for sub-5 nm oxides, (ii) the temperature acceleration of time-to-breakdown increases drastically with decreasing thickness, and (iii) the combination of increased temperature acceleration, area scaling and low percentage failure rates leads to marginal intrinsic reliability for ultra-thin oxides, severely limiting further downscaling of oxide thickness.","PeriodicalId":171010,"journal":{"name":"1999 Symposium on VLSI Technology. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99CH36325)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114298172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}