Journal of psychiatric research最新文献

{"title":"Enriched environment mitigates anxiety and depression-like behaviors induced by SNI via restoration of AMPA and NMDA receptors function in mice","authors":"Keman Xie ,&nbsp;Wenxia Duan ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Xu,&nbsp;Kedong Chen,&nbsp;Xuefeng Zheng,&nbsp;Jifeng Zhang,&nbsp;Fengming Wu,&nbsp;Guoqing Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic pain is well-known for inducing anxiety and depression in humans. Enriched environment (EE) has shown promising effects in alleviating mood disorders; however, the precise mechanisms remain poorly understood. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a pivotal brain region associated with emotion regulation, particularly through excitatory synaptic transmission, is implicated in the processing of pain-related mood disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>First, adult male C57BL/6 mice 6 weeks after spared nerve injury surgery, were subjected to the behavioral tests and dendritic spine morphology staining. Then, 2 weeks after spared nerve injury (SNI), mice were housed in enriched environment, to establish model EE. Behavioral outcomes, dendritic spine maturation, and AMPA and NMDA receptors expression were assessed up to 4 weeks after EE treatment using behavioral tests, Golgi staining, Western blot, and pharmacological experiments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results showed that SNI mice exhibit anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Further analysis revealed that SNI mice displayed a significant reduction in mature dendritic spines in the mPFC. After 4 weeks of housekeeping in EE, dendritic complexity, spine maturity, and the expression of AMPAR and NMDAR of SNI mice were restored, leading to a rescue of anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Moreover, pharmacological antagonism of AMPAR or NMDAR, by intraperitoneal injection of AP-5 or CNQX, effectively abolished the alleviating effect of EE on anxiety and depression-like behaviors in SNI mice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Together, our findings uncovered a previously unrecognized AMPAR and NMDAR-dependent mechanism of EE in mitigates anxiety and depression-like behaviors in SNI mice via restoration of mPFC excitatory synaptic transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"188 ","pages":"Pages 74-86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of varied rTMS frequencies on cognitive function in individuals with chronic schizophrenia: A double-blind randomized controlled trial","authors":"Juanhua Li ,&nbsp;Xiaobing Lu ,&nbsp;Shulin Du ,&nbsp;Wensheng Hu ,&nbsp;Di Xiao ,&nbsp;Baiying He ,&nbsp;Chan Su ,&nbsp;Shuxian Lin ,&nbsp;Qianqian Zhan ,&nbsp;Haibo Wu ,&nbsp;Zezhi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accumulating evidence has indicated the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive improvements in individuals with schizophrenia. However, the comparative effectiveness of low-frequency rTMS versus high-frequency rTMS on cognitive improvements remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the difference in the efficacy of low and high-frequency rTMS on cognitive function in chronic individuals with schizophrenia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ninety patients with chronic schizophrenia were randomly assigned to three groups: low-frequency (1Hz) rTMS group, high-frequency (10Hz) rTMS group, and sham group. rTMS treatment targeted the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was conducted for 4 weeks. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), while cognitive function was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at baseline and the 4th week of treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following the 4-week treatment, both low-frequency rTMS and high-frequency rTMS decreased PANSS negative symptoms while improving the MoCA subscales related to visuospatial/executive function and delayed memory. High-frequency rTMS demonstrated superiority over low-frequency rTMS in alleviating negative symptoms and enhancing delayed memory.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that rTMS is an effective approach for enhancing cognitive function in chronic schizophrenia. Furthermore, high-frequency rTMS emerges as more effective than low-frequency rTMS in improving negative symptoms and delayed memory.</div></div><div><h3>Registration number</h3><div>NCT03273439.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment outcomes for typical and atypical anorexia nervosa across Asian and non-Asian patients in United States higher level of care facilities","authors":"Nikhila S. Udupa ,&nbsp;Min Eun Jeon ,&nbsp;Susan McClanahan ,&nbsp;Megan Riddle ,&nbsp;Jamie Manwaring ,&nbsp;Renee D. Rienecke ,&nbsp;Alan Duffy ,&nbsp;Philip S. Mehler ,&nbsp;Dan V. Blalock ,&nbsp;Hyeouk Chris Hahm ,&nbsp;Thomas E. Joiner","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asian patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) face unique barriers to recovery, but may also disproportionately experience constitutional thinness. The current study compared weight-gain and psychopathology treatment outcomes between Asian and non-Asian patients, and compared patients who reached their Expected Body Weight (EBW) by discharge to those who did not. We collected data from Asian (<em>n</em> = 25 adults, 40 adolescents) and non-Asian (<em>n</em> = 966 adults, 1067 adolescents) patients in higher levels of care at United States eating disorder treatment facilities. We conducted multivariate, two-way, and mixed model ANOVAs to compare symptom severity for Asian versus non-Asian adults and adolescents at admission, discharge, and across treatment. We additionally conducted mixed model ANOVAs to compare change in psychopathology across treatment for Asian and non-Asian patients who did and did not meet their EBW by discharge. No significant differences emerged between Asian and non-Asian patients, although some differences were noted between age groups at admission and discharge. For non-Asian patients only, those who reached their EBW by discharge had, on average, significantly higher levels of restriction, shape and weight concerns, and global concerns. Results suggest that Asian and non-Asian patients similarly benefit from treatment for AN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"188 ","pages":"Pages 10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impulsivity and problematic social network sites use: A meta-analysis","authors":"Sara Bocci Benucci ,&nbsp;Valeria Rega ,&nbsp;Valentina Boursier ,&nbsp;Silvia Casale ,&nbsp;Giulia Fioravanti","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Problematic Social Network Sites Use (PSNSU) has been defined as the inability to self-regulate one's use of social networks that adversely affects the user's interpersonal relationships, work or academic activities, and psychological well-being. Among PSNSU risk factors, impulsivity has gained attention. Evidence has emerged about the importance of considering impulsivity from a multidimensional approach since specific dimensions of impulsivity were found to be involved in specific addictive behaviors. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aims to examine the association between PSNSU and (i) general impulsivity and (ii) specific dimensions of impulsivity.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A keyword-based systematic literature search was performed for eligible studies in which impulsivity and PSNSU were assessed. The meta-analysis was conducted following the most updated PRISMA guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-one studies were included in the quantitative analysis with 43 independent samples. Meta-analytic results of the random effects model showed a significant positive correlation between general impulsivity and PSNSU (<em>Fisher's Z</em> = 0.29; <em>CI</em> 0.24, 0.35; <em>Z</em> = 10.66). Concerning dimensions of impulsivity, meta-analytic results of the random effects model revealed a significant positive correlation between PSNSU and lack of premeditation (<em>Fisher's Z</em> = 0.11 <em>CI</em> 0.09, 0.13; <em>Z</em> = 13.25) and between PSNSU and lack of perseverance (<em>Fisher's Z</em> = 0.19; <em>CI</em> 0.17, 0.20; <em>Z</em> = 22.67). Significant positive correlations between PSNSU and attentional impulsivity (<em>Fisher's Z</em> = 0.18; <em>CI</em> 0.12, 0.23; <em>Z</em> = 6.29), non-planning impulsivity (<em>Fisher's Z</em> = 0.10; <em>CI</em> 0.02, 0.19; <em>Z</em> = 2.35), and motor impulsivity (<em>Fisher's Z</em> = 0.22; <em>CI</em> 0.16, 0.27; <em>Z</em> = 7.45) were also found.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>These results confirmed that PSNSU is positively associated with impulsivity and helped to clarify which specific dimensions of impulsivity are involved in this association.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"188 ","pages":"Pages 183-199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of somatic symptom disorder and influence of alexithymia in women with thyroid diseases","authors":"Daniela Marchetti,&nbsp;Maria Di Nardo,&nbsp;Sonia Di Benedetto,&nbsp;Piero Porcelli","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although the high prevalence of comorbid psychopathology is well acknowledged in thyroid disease, less is known about the prevalence of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and underlying psychological factors. Alexithymia is one of the psychological dimensions that has shown to affect the subjective burden of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SSD and the related influence of alexithymia in female patients with thyroid diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A convenience sample of 583 adult women with thyroid diseases was recruited through online platforms and assessed for anxiety and depression (HADS) and alexithymia (TAS-20). SSD was evaluated with the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8 for criterion A) and the Whiteley Index-7 (WI-7 for criterion B) and &gt;6 months disease duration (for criterion C).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of SSD was 58.7%. SSD subjects had significantly higher anxiety, depression, and alexithymia than those without SSD. SSS-8 was positively predicted by anxiety, TAS-DIF, and TAS-DDF at 31%. WI-7 was found to be positively predicted by medical comorbidity, TAS-DIF, anxiety, and depression, accounting for 33% of the variance.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Cross-sectional study, self-reported assessment, social desirability, online survey.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Given the high prevalence of SSD, clinicians are encouraged to use screening procedures for assessing patients with thyroid diseases for emotional distress as well as underlying psychological factors such as alexithymia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 231-235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and clinical associations of worst event trauma among a nationally representative sample of individuals with PTSD","authors":"Tapan A. Patel,&nbsp;Victoria K. Swaine,&nbsp;Matthew C. Sala,&nbsp;Jesse R. Cougle","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly heterogenous disorders with approximately 636,120 different symptom combinations. The goal of the present study was to examine the association of worst-event trauma with demographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidities, and PTSD symptoms among a large nationally representative sample of US adults with lifetime PTSD (<em>N</em> = 2339). The study used data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III to examine correlates of worst-event trauma using survey-weighted logistic and linear regression analyses. Childhood sexual assault was associated with female sex (AOR = 3.46, 95 % CI 2.34–5.11), being a sexual minority (AOR = 2.03, 95 % CI 1.24–3.31), younger age (β = −0.23, <em>SE</em> = 0.05), lower income (β = −0.27, <em>SE</em> = 0.07), comorbid social anxiety disorder (AOR = 1.57, 95 % CI 1.09–2.26), panic disorder (AOR = 1.70, 95 % CI 1.23–2.35), agoraphobia (AOR = 1.86, 95 % CI 1.22–2.83), borderline personality disorder (AOR = 1.49, 95 % CI 1.12–1.97), and greater PTSD severity (β = 0.55, <em>SE</em> = 0.07. Adult sexual assault was associated with being single (AOR = 0.48, 95 % CI 0.28–0.80) and greater PTSD symptoms (β = 0.10, <em>SE</em> = 0.02). Bodily injury was associated with being male (AOR = 0.61, 95 % CI 0.44–0.84) and lower odds of depression (AOR = 0.54, 95 % CI 0.37–0.77). The present study's findings indicate the needs for greater examination of PTSD criteria and how index trauma may influence factors such as comorbidities and symptoms. Findings also indicate the need for longitudinal studies to better parse the heterogeneity that exists in PTSD diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"188 ","pages":"Pages 37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C-reactive protein is not associated with peripheral endothelial function among youth with bipolar disorder","authors":"Irina Petrovic ,&nbsp;Megan Mio ,&nbsp;Kody G. Kennedy ,&nbsp;Nidhi Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Benjamin I. Goldstein","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Despite robust associations between bipolar disorder (BD) and cardiovascular risk, there is a paucity of research on the pathologic processes underlying vascular dysfunction in this population. Here, we examine the relationship between peripheral inflammation and microvascular function in youth with BD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>One hundred seventy-seven youth ages 13–20 (n = 93 BD, n = 84 controls) were included. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI), a non-invasive measure of vascular endothelial function, was evaluated using pulse amplitude tonometry. Serum was assayed for C-reactive protein (CRP). We examined differences in CRP based on diagnosis and mood state, and subsequently assessed for the relationship between CRP and RHI in the overall sample and in CRP-by-diagnosis interaction analyses, controlling for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CRP was significantly higher in the BD group (1.94 ± 3.99 mg/L) relative to the controls (0.76 ± 0.86 mg/L; <em>U</em> = 3044, <em>p</em> = 0.01), but this finding did not survive correction for age, sex, and BMI. CRP was not significantly associated with RHI in the overall sample (<em>β</em> = −0.07, <em>p</em> = 0.42), in CRP-by-diagnosis interaction analyses (<em>β</em> = 0.07, <em>p</em> = 0.73), or when controlling for current depression (<em>β</em> = 0.07, <em>p</em> = 0.73) or mania (<em>β</em> = 0.07, <em>p</em> = 0.69).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Unexpectedly, this study found no relationship between CRP and peripheral endothelial function among youth with BD. This may suggest that processes other than inflammation underlie early vascular dysfunction in BD, particularly microvascular dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"188 ","pages":"Pages 148-152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of exaggerated fears of identity theft in hoarding disorder","authors":"Blaise L. Worden,&nbsp;Hannah C. Levy","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Individuals with hoarding symptoms often report laborious routines of reviewing and destroying paperwork prior to discarding, citing fears of identity theft if personal information is discarded. While fears of identity theft seem likely to be elevated in hoarding disorder, it is unclear if these fears are elevated beyond what is normative for older adults, and whether such fears may be related to third factors.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In the current study we sought to explore whether fears of identity theft were higher among 103 individuals high in hoarding symptoms as compared with 59 non-hoarding controls. We also sought to examine whether higher fears of identity theft were attributable to third factors such as increased past exposure to identity theft victimization, respondent age, race, or higher perfectionism scale scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings suggested that individuals in the hoarding group reported higher fears of identity theft, and higher rates of knowing individuals who had been victimized, but did not report significantly higher history of personal victimization. Other variables such as age, perfectionism subscale scores, and co-occurring anxiety and depression symptoms did not appear to explain the relationship between hoarding and increased fears of identity theft, suggesting it may have some specificity to hoarding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"188 ","pages":"Pages 140-147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early improvement of psychopathological symptoms with add-on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment as the key contributor to improving remission in schizophrenia","authors":"Qiang Hu ,&nbsp;Xiong Jiao ,&nbsp;XiaoChen Tang ,&nbsp;YeGang Hu ,&nbsp;LiHua Xu ,&nbsp;YanYan Wei ,&nbsp;HuiRu Cui ,&nbsp;YingYing Tang ,&nbsp;Tao Chen ,&nbsp;HaiChun Liu ,&nbsp;ZiXuan Wang ,&nbsp;Jin Gao ,&nbsp;LingYun Zeng ,&nbsp;ZhengHui Yi ,&nbsp;ChunBo Li ,&nbsp;JiJun Wang ,&nbsp;TianHong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early improvement with antipsychotic treatment is thought to be important in patients with first-episode schizophrenia(FES); however, no study has examined the contribution of add-on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). This study is aimed to investigate the efficacy and early improvement of rTMS in FES and to identify the relationship between initial symptom reduction and late response. A total of 105 patients with FES were randomly assigned to two groups: active rTMS group (n = 60) and sham rTMS group (n = 45), with existing olanzapine (10–20 mg/day) combined with 20 sessions of 1Hz active/sham rTMS over the right orbitofrontal cortex (20min/session, 5times/week). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) was used as the main tool to evaluate the clinical symptoms of patients at baseline, week-2, and week-8. Early improvement was defined as an improvement in PANSS total score at week 2. Significant improvements in clinical symptoms(PANSS total, positive[PANSS-P], negative[PANSS-N], and general psychopathological symptoms[PANSS-G]) were found in both the rTMS and sham groups. Moreover, a repeated-measures general linear model showed the decrease from baseline in PANSS-total(group × visit, <em>F</em> = 9.906, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), PANSS-N(group × visit, <em>F</em> = 4.108, <em>p</em> = 0.020), and PANSS-G(group × visit, <em>F</em> = 12.095, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) at week 8 were significant in the active rTMS group but not in the sham group. The active rTMS group had significant early improvements in PANSS-total(<em>z</em> = 3.348, <em>p</em> = 0.001), PANSS-N(<em>z</em> = 2.222, <em>p</em> = 0.026) and PANSS-G(<em>z</em> = 2.624, <em>p</em> = 0.009), compared with the sham group. Early improvements were significantly related to the 8-week improvements. Add-on rTMS treatment as a supplement to antipsychotics could potentially increase the efficacy of early improvements and improve the ultimate remission in patients with FES.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><div>Chinese Clinical Trial Register Center (<span><span>http://www.chictr.org.cn/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>)</div></div><div><h3>Identifier</h3><div>ChiCTR2000041106.</div></div><div><h3>Registered</h3><div>December 17, 2020.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"188 ","pages":"Pages 64-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attentional disengagement difficulties toward game-related social reward and avoidance toward real-life social reward among individuals with Internet gaming disorder","authors":"Xiaoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Jingyi Yang ,&nbsp;Jinbo He","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) exhibit behaviors of immersion in game social interactions and detachment from real-life social interactions. Social Motivation Theory posits that social rewards incentivize social activities, while impairments in social reward processing may lead to such behaviors. Moreover, attentional bias plays a crucial role in reward processing. However, no studies have examined attentional bias toward social rewards in individuals with IGD. Therefore, this study utilized a dot-probe paradigm to compare attentional bias toward game-related social rewards (GR) and real-life social rewards (RR) between 30 individuals with IGD and 31 healthy controls (HC) and further explored attentional vigilance (early-stage) and disengagement difficulties/avoidance (later-stage). The results indicated that (1) individuals with IGD exhibited higher attentional bias toward GR than RR. (2) Attentional bias in individuals with IGD occurred in later stages, characterized by attentional disengagement difficulties for GR and attentional avoidance for RR. (3) The degree of attentional disengagement difficulties for GR and attentional avoidance for RR in individuals with IGD was positively correlated with the severity of IGD. The results suggest that immersion in gaming social interactions and disconnection from real-life social interactions in individuals with IGD may be related to difficulties in disengaging from GR and avoiding RR in later stages of attentional bias. This study reveals the mechanisms underlying the different patterns of social activities of individuals with IGD in both gaming and real-life contexts from the perspective of attentional bias toward social rewards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 244-251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}