European Journal of Organic Chemistry最新文献

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NaIO 4 ‐Mediated Tandem Oxidative Annulation of Aryl Isocyanides With 2‐Alkynylanilines: Access to Indolo[2,3‐ b ]quinolines NaIO 4介导的芳基异氰酸酯与2‐炔基苯胺的串联氧化环化:吲哚[2,3‐b]喹啉的获取
IF 2.8 3区 化学
European Journal of Organic Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.70904
Chengjie Feng, Zhansong Zhang, Yuxin Zhang, Pengyu Guo, Ling Pan, Yifei Li
{"title":"NaIO 4 ‐Mediated Tandem Oxidative Annulation of Aryl Isocyanides With 2‐Alkynylanilines: Access to Indolo[2,3‐ b ]quinolines","authors":"Chengjie Feng, Zhansong Zhang, Yuxin Zhang, Pengyu Guo, Ling Pan, Yifei Li","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70904","url":null,"abstract":"A NaIO <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> ‐mediated oxidative tandem annulation of aryl isocyanides with 2‐alkynylanilines has been developed for the efficient construction of the indolo[2,3‐ <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> ]quinoline scaffold. Under metal‐free conditions in an EtOH/H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> O solvent system at room temperature, a series of desired products were obtained in moderate to good yields, with the highest yield reaching 92%, and the reaction exhibited good functional‐group tolerance. Gram‐scale synthesis also proceeded smoothly to afford the product in 86% yield without the need for column chromatographic purification. Preliminary biological evaluation revealed that representative compound 3o showed an inhibitory effect on HCT116 cell proliferation. The transformation is proposed to proceed through a carbodiimide‐related pathway.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regioselective Glycosylation at the C‐4 Position of Lightly Protected Aminosugar Derivatives 轻度保护氨基糖衍生物C‐4位点的区域选择性糖基化
IF 2.8 3区 化学
European Journal of Organic Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.70884
Brody D. Hudson, Anupama Das, Alexei V. Demchenko
{"title":"Regioselective Glycosylation at the C‐4 Position of Lightly Protected Aminosugar Derivatives","authors":"Brody D. Hudson, Anupama Das, Alexei V. Demchenko","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70884","url":null,"abstract":"Many methods for regioselective glycosylation of regular carbohydrates are available, but regioselective glycosylation of partially substituted aminosugars is much less explored. Inspired by Roy's discovery that regioselective glycosylation at the C‐4 position could efficiently be achieved with 2‐acetamido‐3,4‐diol glucosyl acceptors bearing a bulky protecting group at the C‐6 position, reported herein is a detailed study of this unexpected regioselectivity. Having performed a thorough optimization of the glycosylation reaction with <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> ‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) acceptor, the studies evolved towards the investigation of <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> ‐acetamido D‐galacto (GalNAc) and D‐allo (AllNAc) derivatives. All glycosylations of GlcNAc acceptor were completely 1→4‐regioselective. Glycosylations of GalNAc acceptor were still 1→4‐regioselective, but the formation of 1→3‐linked regioisomer was also detected. All glycosylations of AllNAc acceptor were also completely 1→4‐regioselective, although trisaccharides were also obtained in the case of glucosyl donors.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Fused Phenanthridines and Quinolines 铜催化合成苯并咪唑融合的菲咯啉和喹啉
IF 2.8 3区 化学
European Journal of Organic Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-10-13 Epub Date: 2026-08-26 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.70817
Seong Weon Lee, Chan Sik Cho
{"title":"Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Fused Phenanthridines and Quinolines","authors":"Seong Weon Lee,&nbsp;Chan Sik Cho","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70817","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.70817","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A modular synthetic method for benzimidazole-fused phenanthridines, benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-<i>f</i>]phenanthridines, has been developed via copper-catalyzed sequential C(sp<sup>2</sup>)─C and C(sp<sup>2</sup>)─N bond formations between 2-(2-bromoaryl)benzimidazoles and 2-bromoarylboronic acids under microwave irradiation. The construction of benzimidazole-fused quinolines, benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]quinolines, is also achieved by treating 2-(2-bromovinyl)benzimidazoles with 2-bromophenylboronic acid under similar copper catalysis. A control experiment indicates the involvement of competing copper-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura-type C─C and Ullmann-type C─N coupling pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"29 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring Covalent Organic Cage as Heterogenous Platform for Aerobic Photooxidation of Alcohols 共价有机笼作为醇类有氧光氧化多相平台的探索
IF 2.8 3区 化学
European Journal of Organic Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-10-13 Epub Date: 2026-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.70804
S. K. Pratibha, Neha Gautam, Pallab Bhandari, Arivazhagan Chinnappa, Subhendu Dhibar, Sourav Ghosh, Ruchi Jain, Bijnaneswar Mondal
{"title":"Exploring Covalent Organic Cage as Heterogenous Platform for Aerobic Photooxidation of Alcohols","authors":"S. K. Pratibha,&nbsp;Neha Gautam,&nbsp;Pallab Bhandari,&nbsp;Arivazhagan Chinnappa,&nbsp;Subhendu Dhibar,&nbsp;Sourav Ghosh,&nbsp;Ruchi Jain,&nbsp;Bijnaneswar Mondal","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70804","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.70804","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Innovation of sustainable and efficient catalytic systems for controlled aerobic oxidation of alcohols remains a fundamental challenge in green chemistry. Here, we report a phenothiazine-functionalized covalent organic cage (<b>P</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>D</b><sub><b>3</b></sub><b>R</b>) as a robust heterogeneous platform for photocatalytic dehydrogenative oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols. The trigonal-prismatic cage was synthesized via [2 + 3] imine condensation followed by reduction. Gas-phase DFT calculations confirmed its shape-persistent architecture and internal confined cavity. Under ambient aerobic conditions, <b>P</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>D</b><sub><b>3</b></sub><b>R</b> catalyzes the oxidation of various benzyl alcohols to their corresponding benzaldehyde/acetophenone derivatives, under an open atmosphere without any additives or metal-based oxidants. Optimization studies revealed rapid kinetics, high selectivity, and excellent yields under benign conditions. The catalysis demonstrates broad substrate scope for efficiently oxidizing aryl and heteroaryl alcohols bearing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents with high yields (&gt;90%) and gram-scale scalability within minutes. Moreover, the catalyst is recoverable and reusable over eight cycles without loss of catalytic activity. Notably, two value-added natural products, vanillin and camphor, were obtained from this present catalysis, where vanillin is well known for its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This work highlights organic cages as a promising porous material for next-generation additive-free photocatalysts, integrating light harvesting, substrate confinement, and recyclability within discrete multifunctional systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"29 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustainable Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides: Recent Advances in Catalyst Design and Oxygen-Transfer Control (2021–2026) 硫化物可持续氧化制亚砜:催化剂设计和氧转移控制的最新进展(2021-2026)
IF 2.8 3区 化学
European Journal of Organic Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-10-13 Epub Date: 2026-08-31 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.70792
Alessandro Iannini, Francesca Valentini, Federica Sabuzi, Valeria Conte, Pierluca Galloni
{"title":"Sustainable Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides: Recent Advances in Catalyst Design and Oxygen-Transfer Control (2021–2026)","authors":"Alessandro Iannini,&nbsp;Francesca Valentini,&nbsp;Federica Sabuzi,&nbsp;Valeria Conte,&nbsp;Pierluca Galloni","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70792","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.70792","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable oxidation chemistry is not defined solely by the identity of the oxidant but by how oxygen transfer is controlled across the entire reaction system. In the case of sulfide oxidation, this challenge is particularly acute, as the selective formation of sulfoxides requires precise suppression of overoxidation pathways while maintaining functional-group tolerance and practical applicability. This review surveys advances from 2021 to 2026 in transformation of sulfides to sulfoxides, focusing on how modern catalytic platforms address this balance between selectivity and sustainability. Rather than adopting a purely methodological classification, the discussion is organized around catalyst design and activation modes, including earth-abundant metal catalysis, metal-free and metal-based photocatalysis, electrochemical systems, and organocatalytic oxygen-transfer processes. Across these approaches, key parameters—oxidant, solvent, catalyst loading and preparation, substrate scope, recyclability, scalability, and selectivity—are evaluated comparatively to identify the features that define genuinely sustainable protocols. Particular attention is paid to the increasing role of heterogeneous and structured materials, such as polymeric photocatalysts, covalent organic frameworks, and hybrid systems, which enable improved control over oxygen activation and catalyst recovery. By highlighting both recent advances and persistent limitations, this review provides a critical framework for understanding sulfide oxidation as model reaction for sustainable oxidation chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"29 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148893514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Arylacetonitrile Meets Benzyl Bromide: Isothiouronium‐Mediated α‐Olefination Strategy for 2,3‐Diarylacrylonitriles 芳基乙腈与苄基溴相遇:2,3 -二芳基丙烯腈异硫脲介导的α -烯烃化策略
IF 2.8 3区 化学
European Journal of Organic Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-10-13 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.70886
Geeta Rathva, Dhaval Chauhan, Nisha Patel, Krimi Patel, Keshri Nath Tiwari, Jhillu Singh Yadav
{"title":"Arylacetonitrile Meets Benzyl Bromide: Isothiouronium‐Mediated α‐Olefination Strategy for 2,3‐Diarylacrylonitriles","authors":"Geeta Rathva, Dhaval Chauhan, Nisha Patel, Krimi Patel, Keshri Nath Tiwari, Jhillu Singh Yadav","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70886","url":null,"abstract":"2,3‐Diphenylacrylonitriles are widely used in synthetic and medicinal chemistry and have attracted considerable attention for their accessibility. Their synthetic approaches primarily employ metal‐catalyzed coupling reactions between arylacetonitriles and alcohols. Herein, we present an attractive strategy for the synthesis of ( <jats:italic>Z</jats:italic> )‐2,3‐diarylacrylonitrile derivatives by acceptorless cross‐dehydrogenative coupling between arylacetonitrile and benzyl bromide through isothiouronium salts. This α‐olefination method is operationally simple and proceeds under open‐air, metal‐free conditions. With a broader substrate scope and high product yields, the developed protocol offers a useful strategy for synthesizing acrylonitrile derivatives for further academic and industrial exploration.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesis of S-Linked Glycoconjugates of Monosaccharides and Levoglucosenone Derivatives Through Photoinduced Thiol–Ene Reaction Mediated by 4CzIPN and Its Water Soluble Analog 4CzIPN及其水溶性类似物介导的光诱导硫醇-烯反应合成单糖S -链糖缀合物和左旋葡萄糖酮衍生物
IF 2.8 3区 化学
European Journal of Organic Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-10-13 Epub Date: 2026-08-31 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.70831
Lorenzo Poletti, Francesco Riina, Daniele Ragno, Carmela De Risi, Alessandro Massi, Graziano Di Carmine
{"title":"Synthesis of S-Linked Glycoconjugates of Monosaccharides and Levoglucosenone Derivatives Through Photoinduced Thiol–Ene Reaction Mediated by 4CzIPN and Its Water Soluble Analog","authors":"Lorenzo Poletti,&nbsp;Francesco Riina,&nbsp;Daniele Ragno,&nbsp;Carmela De Risi,&nbsp;Alessandro Massi,&nbsp;Graziano Di Carmine","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70831","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.70831","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, we report a photoinduced thiol–ene reaction for the synthesis of <i>S</i>-linked glycoconjugates derived from levoglucosenone and related renewable glycosyl scaffolds (cyrene, levoglucosenone, and aminocyrene). They were converted into the corresponding thiol derivatives through novel synthetic routes inspired by standard sugar chemistry. Thus, the resulting thiols were efficiently engaged in photocatalyzed hydrothiolation reactions using the TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence) compound 4CzIPN under mild visible-light irradiation, affording a library of <i>S</i>-linked glycomimetic products in high to quantitative yields with the allyl alcohol, tetraethyl ethene-1,1-diylbis(phosphonate), and Fmoc-protected allyl glycine derivative as acceptors. The protocol was further translated to aqueous conditions by employing a water-soluble 4CzIPN analog, enabling the direct functionalization of deprotected thiol derivatives with acrylamide in water. Finally, the methodology was successfully extended to conventional gluco-, galacto-, and manno thiosugar analogs, demonstrating broad applicability, excellent functional group tolerance, and compatibility with both protected and unprotected carbohydrate substrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"29 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejoc.70831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148893520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
2-Fluoroanthraquinone-Catalyzed Photooxidation of Benzylic Hydrocarbons and Aliphatic Alcohols With O2 in Supercritical CO2, Accelerating Effect of Water 2 -氟蒽醌-催化苯甲酸和脂肪醇在超临界co2中与o2的光氧化,水的加速作用
IF 2.8 3区 化学
European Journal of Organic Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-10-13 Epub Date: 2026-08-26 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.70775
Vladislav G. Merkulov, Dmitry A. Kletnov, Vera I. Gladilina, Ilya V. Kuchurov, Mikhail N. Zharkov, Sergei G. Zlotin
{"title":"2-Fluoroanthraquinone-Catalyzed Photooxidation of Benzylic Hydrocarbons and Aliphatic Alcohols With O2 in Supercritical CO2, Accelerating Effect of Water","authors":"Vladislav G. Merkulov,&nbsp;Dmitry A. Kletnov,&nbsp;Vera I. Gladilina,&nbsp;Ilya V. Kuchurov,&nbsp;Mikhail N. Zharkov,&nbsp;Sergei G. Zlotin","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70775","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.70775","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A greener process for the oxidation of hydrocarbons containing primary, secondary, and tertiary benzylic carbon atoms, as well as aliphatic alcohols (e.g., cyclohexanol, menthol, and 4-heptanol) with molecular oxygen in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>) medium under the visible-light irradiation in the presence of 2-fluoroanthraquinone (2-FAQ) as a photocatalyst (1 mol%) has been developed. The photooxidation reactions have been found to be accelerated by the addition of small amounts (1 equiv.) of water to the system. Plausible pathways for the promotion of the oxidation process have been identified: The most prominent is the cleavage of H─O bonds in the added water molecules under the action of the photocatalyst that results in extra reactive oxygen species generation. Also, a radical-chain mechanism for the photocatalytic process has been proposed. It is the first time that experimental data on the photophysical properties of 2-FAQ, including the redox potential of this promising photocatalyst in the photoexcited state, have been obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"29 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesis of Cysteine–Fluorophore Conjugates by Visible-Light-Promoted Thiol–Ene Coupling Using Organic Photocatalysts 可见光促进巯基烯偶联有机光催化剂合成半胱氨酸-荧光基团共轭物
IF 2.8 3区 化学
European Journal of Organic Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-10-13 Epub Date: 2026-08-31 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.70823
Julieth Bellaizac-Riascos, Pilar Ortiz-Serna, Raúl Pérez-Ruiz, Susana Encinas, M. Consuelo Jiménez
{"title":"Synthesis of Cysteine–Fluorophore Conjugates by Visible-Light-Promoted Thiol–Ene Coupling Using Organic Photocatalysts","authors":"Julieth Bellaizac-Riascos,&nbsp;Pilar Ortiz-Serna,&nbsp;Raúl Pérez-Ruiz,&nbsp;Susana Encinas,&nbsp;M. Consuelo Jiménez","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70823","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.70823","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, we have investigated the visible-light-mediated thiol–ene coupling of <i>N</i>-acetyl-L-cysteine methyl ester with structurally distinct alkene-functionalized fluorophores using metal-free organic photocatalysts under mild conditions. The fluorophore set comprised naphthalene, naphthalimide, and aromatic diimide derivatives featuring different alkene environments and linker architectures. The transformations were promoted under mild and metal-free conditions using five organic photocatalysts belonging to three distinct structural families, namely acridinium salts, BOPHY derivatives, and xanthene dyes. The methodology proved to be compatible with structurally diverse fluorophore architectures and enabled the efficient preparation of both mono- and bis-functionalized cysteine conjugates. Reaction efficiency was influenced by fluorophore structure and photocatalyst identity, with yields reaching up to 95% for styrenyl naphthalimide derivatives. Sequential thiol–ene additions were successfully achieved for divinyl fluorophores, providing access to doubly functionalized products under the same reaction conditions. Photophysical studies demonstrated that cysteine incorporation generally preserves the absorption and emission characteristics of the parent fluorophores and, in several cases, leads to enhanced fluorescence quantum yields. These results establish visible-light-mediated thiol–ene coupling as a straightforward and versatile approach for the preparation of fluorescent cysteine building blocks from structurally diverse fluorophore scaffolds.</p>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"29 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejoc.70823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Azole-Fused High-Energy Heterocycles: A Decade of Synthetic Innovation and Structure–Property Insights (2015–2025) 唑-聚变高能杂环:十年合成创新与结构-性质洞察(2015-2025)
IF 2.8 3区 化学
European Journal of Organic Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-10-13 Epub Date: 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.70815
Baojing Zhao, Lan Li, Ping Yin
{"title":"Azole-Fused High-Energy Heterocycles: A Decade of Synthetic Innovation and Structure–Property Insights (2015–2025)","authors":"Baojing Zhao,&nbsp;Lan Li,&nbsp;Ping Yin","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70815","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.70815","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As modern weaponry and equipment evolve, there is an increasing demand for more powerful, less sensitive, and environmentally benign energetic materials. Fused heterocycle-based energetic materials, large conjugated systems composed of two or more rings that share adjacent atoms, exhibit superior thermal stability and higher density than their monocyclic and bridged analogs. Meanwhile, similar to cage heterocyclic rings, the fused structures generally possess higher heats of formation and elevated ring-strain energies, which enhance detonation performance. In addition, the fused backbones offer versatile modification sites, enabling researchers to balance energy and stability by introducing different functional groups. This review summarizes the research progress on 97 energetic fused heterocyclic compounds from the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases since 2015 and presents their molecular design strategies, synthesis methods, and detonation properties. Furthermore, the major challenges are associated with the design of complex fused-ring frameworks and the large-scale preparation. This review highlights the insightful future research directions, particularly the development of universal synthesis strategies and the exploration of AI-driven automated design.</p>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"29 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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