{"title":"Cross-Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Micellar Media","authors":"Alexander Uner, Liam Thomas Ball","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202500499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202500499","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to their ability to efficiently and reliably construct carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds, cross-coupling reactions remain at the forefront of chemical research in both academic and industrial settings. However, the growing emphasis on sustainability has exposed the shortcomings of cross-coupling chemistry in several areas, including the preponderance towards toxic polar aprotic solvents, high loadings of precious metal catalysts, and production of large quantities of waste. In recent years, micellar reaction media, formed by dissolution of surfactant molecules in water, have emerged as a sustainable alternative to organic solvents, allowing for use of water as the bulk medium while circumventing the usual solubility issues associated with its use. This Review introduces the fundamentals of surfactants for synthesis and summarises recent advances in cross-coupling chemistry in micellar media, with a focus on improving both sustainability and reaction performance using micellar technologies.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Izuchukwu Ugwu, Ganesh Chandra Upreti, Ashish Garg, Anand Singh
{"title":"Ni(OAc)2 Catalyzed N‐Formylation of Primary Sulfonamides Using Carbon Dioxide at Ambient Pressure","authors":"David Izuchukwu Ugwu, Ganesh Chandra Upreti, Ashish Garg, Anand Singh","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202500369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202500369","url":null,"abstract":"A Ni(OAc)2 catalysed N‐formylation of primary sulfonamides using gaseous carbon dioxide is reported. A range of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic sulfonamides were formylated under ambient pressure of carbon dioxide in a closed system. This redox neutral method represents a mechanistically novel and operationally convenient method for employing carbon dioxide as a formyl equivalent.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green Approach for Copper‐Free Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling using Saponin‐Based Micellar Catalysis in Water at Ambient Temperature","authors":"Vinothkumar Vinayagam, Subir Kumar Sadhukhan, Maroju Ravi Kumar, Nooka Raju Anisetti, Chittem Rajashekar Reddy","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202500436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202500436","url":null,"abstract":"A micellar catalysis that is derived from commercially available saponin for copper‐free, Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira cross‐coupling under mild reaction conditions has been developed. Using this green and sustainable method, a broad range of aryl/heteroaryl and alkyl terminal alkynes were cross‐coupled with aryl/heteroaryl halides at ambient temperature in an aqueous medium. The commercially available, inexpensive, and plant‐based natural saponin served as a surfactant for a micellar system that effectively enabled C(sp2)‐C(sp) cross‐coupling with a wide range of substrates. The attractive features of this protocol are the use of water as a reaction medium, the in‐situ generation of the micellar‐catalysis system from biodegradable natural saponins, good functional group tolerance, scalability of the products, and notably the ability to retain the catalyst activity by recycling the aqueous reaction medium.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formal Higher‐Order [8 + 3] Cycloaddition of Azaheptafulvenes with Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes","authors":"Junjie Xi, Wang Liu, Guochun Li, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yujiao Xiang, Yonghai Hui, Xin Zhou, Weiliang Chen, Yungui Peng","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202500331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202500331","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclohepta[b]pyridine derivatives have attracted significant attention owing to their unique bioactivities. Herein, we describe an efficient method to access various cyclohepta[b]pyridine derivatives through formal higher‐order [8+3] cycloaddition of azaheptafulvenes with donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes catalyzed by Yb(OTf)3. This method exhibited broad substrate accommodation and gave the corresponding products in high yields and selectivity.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paola Andrea Acosta-Guzman, Alexander Garay-Talero, Diego Gamba-Sanchez
{"title":"Organocatalytic Halogenation of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds","authors":"Paola Andrea Acosta-Guzman, Alexander Garay-Talero, Diego Gamba-Sanchez","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202500125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202500125","url":null,"abstract":"The halogenation of aromatic and heteroaromatic systems has attracted considerable attention in recent decades owing to the importance of haloaromatics in biologically relevant compounds and their role as essential building blocks for more complex systems. In recent years, various research groups have explored the challenge of developing new synthetic methodologies for electrophilic halogenation. Nevertheless, these methods continue to encounter several challenges, such as waste products from halogenating agents, toxic or contaminating reagents, and problems with low regioselectivity, with polyhalogenation—often the predominant side reaction—occurring in some cases. In this context, organocatalysis has emerged as a promising approach to address these limitations. This review highlights key organocatalytic strategies reported in the last 14 years and discusses experimental aspects, mechanisms, and selectivity issues in chlorination, bromination, fluorination, and iodination of aromatic systems.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"308 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marlies Körber, Jennifer Rühle, Fabian Halter, Andriy Mokhir
{"title":"Hydrogen peroxide ‐ responsive aminoferrocene prodrugs","authors":"Marlies Körber, Jennifer Rühle, Fabian Halter, Andriy Mokhir","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202500294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202500294","url":null,"abstract":"Aminoferrocene (AF)‐based prodrugs are activated in cancer cells through reactions with H₂O₂ and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), generating electron‐rich AF’s. These, in turn, induce the production of highly toxic O2·‐ and HO·, leading to cancer cell death. Effective activation of these prodrugs depends on their ability to target intracellular organelles rich in ROS, as non‐targeted prodrugs are practically inactive. In this study, we replaced the boronic acid pinacol ester—previously used as a ROS‐trigger—with an α‐ketoamide fragment, which is more selective and sensitive to H₂O₂. This modification enhanced the anticancer efficacy of untargeted AF prodrugs, reducing the IC₅₀ from 23.9–35.5 μM (previously reported prodrug 13b) to 5–6.4 μM (new prodrug 2a) in human ovarian cancer A2780 and Burkitt’s lymphoma BL‐2 cells. Further analysis confirmed that the anticancer effect of 2a is driven by its ability to markedly increase intracellular ROS levels in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo-Mi Long, Guang-Lin Lu, Zhengshuang Xu, Guo-Kai Liu
{"title":"Photocatalyst‐ and Oxidant‐Free Photoinduced Radical Cascade for the Synthesis of Difluoromethylated Dihydroisoquinolones from N‐Allylbenzamides","authors":"Bo-Mi Long, Guang-Lin Lu, Zhengshuang Xu, Guo-Kai Liu","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202500214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202500214","url":null,"abstract":"A mild photocatalyst‐ and oxidant‐free photoinduced reaction for the convenient synthesis of difluoromethylated dihydroisoquinolones from N‐allylbenzamides with a difluoromethyl phenoxathiinium salt (CF2H‐PXT+) is presented, which involves a radical difluoromethylation/cyclization cascade process with broad substrate scope and good functional‐group tolerance. Using this method, a broad range of N‐allylbenzamides were successfully converted to the desired difluoromethylated dihydroisoquinolones in good to high yields.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facile Synthesis of 5-Halo-1,2,3-triazole-fused Benzotricyclic Frameworks from 1-(ω-Azidoalkyl)-2-(2,2-dihalovinyl)arenes and their Application in Fluorescent Triazole Derivatives","authors":"Takeshi Hata, Seiya Kikukawa, Miki Ebihara, Kazuki Kobayashi, Nozomi Kasakura, Takashi Kanamori, Tadaomi Furuta, Ai Kohata, Nobuaki Funahashi, Shota Matsumoto, Satoru Karasawa, Kazushi Kinbara, Naohiko Koshikawa, Hideya Yuasa","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202500355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202500355","url":null,"abstract":"By heating 1-(ω-azidoalkyl)-2-(2,2-dihalovinyl)arenes in DMF, intramolecular Huisgen cycloaddition between the azido group and the 1,1-dihalovinyl moiety proceeded smoothly to afford 5-halo-1,2,3-triazole-fused tricyclic benzocondensed compounds. Leveraging the remaining halogen groups, carbon-chain extension via Mizoroki–Heck or Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions, followed by an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction, furnished polycyclic systems incorporating fused triazole rings. Furthermore, transformation of the halogen groups into 2-nitrobenzene derivatives via Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, followed by a Cadogan reaction using triphenylphosphine, provided a series of fluorescent pentacyclic compounds.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"221 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcin Kwit, Klaudia Chuchracka, Agnieszka Czapik, Paweł Skowronek
{"title":"Point‐to‐axis optical activity induction in extended, sterically congested chromophoric systems","authors":"Marcin Kwit, Klaudia Chuchracka, Agnieszka Czapik, Paweł Skowronek","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202500461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202500461","url":null,"abstract":"The readily available, modular and electronic circular dichroism (ECD)‐silent derivatives of terephthalaldehyde (the probes) have exhibited an induced optical activity upon condensation with chiral primary amines. The central unit of the probe serves as an amine binder by forming imine bonds and is flanked by two extended chromophoric units (“the wings”). Modification of the wings by diphenylamine or carbazole units affects the sterical and spectroscopic properties of the probes. An increase in sterical congestion within the probe core resulted in a change in the mechanism of optical activity induction. In the more congested systems, the point‐to‐axial chirality transmission from the chiral amine (the inducer) to the chromophoric system led to the adaptation of helical conformation by “the wings” and the appearance of non‐zero Cotton effects (CEs) in the low‐energy part of the ECD spectrum. However, the sterically congested probes were sensitive to the chirality of the inducers but relatively indifferent to the differences in their structure. Thus, the chirality of the inducers triggers conformational change towards the thermodynamically preferred conformational diastereoisomer due to the probe's —1 ‐ +1 operation scheme.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulo Henrique Schneider, Caren D. G. Silva, Douglas B. Paixão, Eduardo G. O. Soares
{"title":"Selective Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Photoredox α‐C(sp3)–H Alkynylation of Cyclic Amines Under Visible Light","authors":"Paulo Henrique Schneider, Caren D. G. Silva, Douglas B. Paixão, Eduardo G. O. Soares","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202500254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202500254","url":null,"abstract":"A direct visible‐light α‐C(sp3)–H bond alkynylation of N‐aryl pyrrolidine derivatives with 1‐bromoalkynes has been developed, enabling the synthesis of propargylic amines. This transformation utilizes [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2·6H2O as a photocatalyst, driven by blue LED (455 nm) irradiation. Detailed mechanistic studies and cyclic voltammetry support the proposed reaction pathway, where the C(sp3)‐C(sp) bond formation occurs via the oxidation of α‐amino radicals, followed by a radical coupling with 1‐bromoalkynes. This approach offers a straightforward, efficient, and selective method for synthesizing a wide range of cyclic α‐aminoalkynes, yielding moderate to good yields.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}