Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports最新文献

{"title":"Spontaneous Clavicular Osteomyelitis Caused by Cutibacterium acnes Treated with Calcium Sulfate Beads.","authors":"Essa A Alazmi, Gutaybah S Alqarni, Mohammed T Musslem, Ramy Samargandi","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osteomyelitis due to Cutibacterium acnes in the clavicle without a history of previous surgery is extremely rare and has been reported in one previous study. In this report, we delve into a case of clavicular osteomyelitis caused by C. acnes without the presence of hardware materials.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We report here a case of a 32-year-old female presented with spontaneous clavicular osteomyelitis due to C. acnes that failed with medical management. The Patient was successfully treated by surgical debridement and calcium sulfate filling that impregnated with local antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case demonstrates that clavicular osteomyelitis can be caused by C. acnes even without the presence of a device. Therefore, cultures from potential bone infections that yield C. acnes should not be dismissed as contaminants. Combining clinical and laboratory criteria with emerging microbiologic tests may enhance the predictive value of C. acnes diagnostic testing in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid External Fixation as A Comprehensive, Safe, and Effective Solution for Periarticular Tibial Fracture with Soft Tissue Compromise.","authors":"Vejaya Kumar, Srinivasan Balasubramanian, Saravanan Kasirajan","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High-energy trauma to the knee and ankle resulting in complex periarticular fractures of the tibia is usually difficult to treat using conventional plating methods owing to the association of poor soft-tissue conditions. The hybrid external fixation combines the advantages of Ilizarov ring construct in the metaphyseal region and uniplanar external fixator at diaphyseal region, which can provide satisfactory stability and early mobilization, allows optimal conditions for soft-tissue healing.</p><p><strong>Aim and objective: </strong>This study evaluates the efficacy of hybrid external fixation for managing periarticular fractures of the tibia occurring at the knee and ankle with soft-tissue compromise, in terms of functional and radiological outcome and its complications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study conducted in our hospital on 36 patients from outpatient department and casualty who have satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria during the period between January 2021 and December 2022. Patient were studied for their radiological and functional outcome after primarily managing by hybrid external fixators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results were analyzed using RASMUSSEN scoring for knee and AOFAS scoring for ankle which revealed excellent outcomes, in 84.4% of patients with proximal tibial fractures and 82.4% of patients with distal tibial fractures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hybrid external fixators are advantageous, providing stability for fracture union, early mobilization, soft-tissue preservation, preservation of vascularity of bone, reduced operative time and radiation exposure, and cost-effective in a low-resource setting. Hence, we suggest the use of hybrid external fixators as a primary and definitive fixation strategy for periarticular fractures of tibia with soft tissue compromise.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"250-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titanium Elastic Nail System for Middle One-Third Clavicle Fractures: Impact on Functional Recovery.","authors":"R Manoj Kumar, E Pradeep, Dinesh Kumar Sugananthan, K V Arun Kumar, Sheik Mohideen, V Y Ashwin","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Clavicle fractures are a common traumatic injury, often treated conservatively. However, displaced midshaft fractures present risks of complications such as delayed union and malunion. Surgical intervention, including open reduction and internal fixation and titanium elastic nailing system (TENS), offers better outcomes for these fractures. This study evaluates the effectiveness of TENS in treating midshaft clavicle fractures. Functional recovery was assessed using the Constant-Murley score, while radiological outcomes tracked fracture union.</p><p><strong>Aim and objective: </strong>The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of TENS in treating midshaft clavicle fractures, assess functional recovery using the Constant-Murley score, and analyze associated complications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 patients aged 16-60 with middle-third clavicle fractures, treated with TENS at Chettinad Hospital between August 2022 and April 2024. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Constant-Murley score, and radiographs were taken to evaluate fracture union.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed favorable outcomes with TENS, including a mean union time of 4.55 months and a mean Constant score of 81.7 after 6 months. Complications were minimal, including infection, intraoperative blood loss, and hardware irritation. TENS demonstrated its value as a minimally invasive, effective option for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures, providing both cosmetic and early functional benefits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated that TENS is a safe and effective treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures, offering faster recovery, improved functional outcomes, fewer complications, and better cosmetic results, fulfilling its objective of assessing TENS effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"275-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Adult Lateral Condyle Fracture: Unveiling a Complex Elbow Injury: A Case Report.","authors":"Ganesh R Shetty, M Sabari, Yogadeepan Dhakshinamurthi, Muthusarvanakumar Meignanaguru, Deepak Srinivasan","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i03.5332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lateral condyle fracture with elbow instability is a rare injury. To our knowledge, this is the second case report describing the mechanism of injury and its management.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We report the case of 42-year-old gentleman sustained injury to elbow following slip and fall. He presented to us after 2 weeks of injury diagnosed to have lateral condyle fracture of humerus managed conservatively with elbow instability which was missed initially. On further evaluation, he was found to have type 1 coronoid avulsion injury. Intraoperatively, we found that the capsular avulsion injury from coronoid was the primary reason for instability. We have tried to describe the possible mechanism of injury and management in this case report.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lateral condyle fracture in adults is a rare injury which can disguise the more complex trauma associated with fracture dislocation of elbow. Proper preoperative evaluation with intraoperative assessment of elbow instability is crucial for obtaining good outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 3","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Intramedullary Flexible Nailing and External Fixator Result in the Management of Fractures Tibial Shaft. (Gustilo type II, type IIIA, and type IIIB).","authors":"Susheel Kumar Soni, Sunil Patidar, Manish Bajaj, Vaibhav Mandovera","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i02.5310","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i02.5310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Open tibial fractures, usually caused by high-energy trauma, are among the most common long-bone fractures. Clinically, the treatment of open tibial fractures remains a major therapeutic problem for surgeons because of the poor soft-tissue coverage and blood supply in the tibia, with resultant difficulties arising from infection and poor bone healing. In this study, we will assess the results of intramedullary flexible nailing and external fixators in the management of fractures shaft tibia (G.A. type II, IIIA, and IIIB).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-six patients who presented with open fractures of the tibial shaft type II, IIIA, and IIIB (Gustilo) were treated. We included patients of both sexes, aged between 18 and 65 years with diaphysial fractures 5 cm distal to the tibial tuberosity and at least 5 cm proximal to the tibial plafond, irrespective of fibula fracture. Thirteen patients were treated by external fixator and 13 patients by flexible intramedullary nailing and the outcomes were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age in our study was 36 years for the flexible intramedullary nailing group and 38 years for the external fixator group. Male involvement was 69.23% (18 patients) and female involvement was 30.76% (eight patients). In the present study, for external fixation mean age was 38 years (25-60), the union rate was 84.4%, the non-union rate was 16.6%, and the malunion was 33.3%, Pin track infection rate was 50%, the average time of union 27.08 weeks (26-30 weeks) and osteomyelitis is 16.6%. In the present study results for flexible intramedullary nailing, the mean age is 36 years (20-62 years), mal-union is 8.3%, pain at nail head rate is 16.6%, the average time of union is 25 weeks, and union achieved in all cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Flexible intramedullary nailing is more efficacious than external fixators in the management of fractured shaft tibia (Gustilo type II, IIIA, and IIIB). The advantages observed are maintaining limb alignment and fewer serious complications, fewer operations needed, and a better range of motion of adjacent joints obtained. It reduces the hospital stay of patients and later patients can return early to work, thus minimizing psychological trauma and financial burden. Flexible intramedullary nailing has an easy learning curve. The external fixator group had more disability and difficulties in daily routine activities such as sleeping, bathing, and other social activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 2","pages":"289-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fixation of Pubic and Acetabular Pathologic Fracture with Curvafix Nail and Concurrent Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report.","authors":"Alex Bassil, Kier Blevins, Will Eward","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i02.5212","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i02.5212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The pelvis is one of the most common sites for metastatic spread to bone. Ensuing pathologic fractures pose major issues to patients. Fixation becomes essential to decrease pain and allow for weight-bearing. However, the pelvis poses a unique challenge as there are certain portions like the pubis that, because of their natural curve, are not amenable to plate or screw fixation.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 76-year-old female with known bone metastases presented to clinic with right hip pain. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed a new lesion in the lateral superior ramus involving the medial acetabulum. She also had osteoarthritis of the hip, for which she had an upcoming total hip arthroplasty scheduled. We performed intramedullary fixation of the lesion in the lateral superior ramus with a Curvafix nail concurrently with total hip arthroplasty.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case report demonstrates the utilization of a Curvafix nail in the oncologic context of an anterior column acetabular fracture along with a concurrent ipsilateral total hip arthroplasty.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 2","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic Insights into One-Year Mortality Following Proximal Femur Fracture Surgery in India.","authors":"Shivanshu Mittal, Vivek Kumar David","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i02.5302","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i02.5302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Proximal femur fractures are a significant public health issue and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. It poses a remarkable burden on healthcare resources.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Records of patients with proximal femur fracture operated during the study period (July 01, 2017-May 31, 2020) in our institution were obtained from hospital management system and analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1189 patients, 1101 met the inclusion criteria. About 66.21% were intertrochanteric, 28.52% were neck femur, and 5.26% were sub-trochanteric fractures. About 60.85% of patients were female. The mean age was 74.1 ± 9.22 years. Most injuries were domestic falls (89%) and left-sided (55%). The average delay in presentation to the hospital was 2.5 ± 6.62 days with mean length of stay being 11.34 ± 6.22 days and average pre-operative wait being 6.89 ± 3.34 days. Hypertension was the most common comorbid condition associated (45%) followed by diabetes (27%). About 4% also sustained other fractures; most common were distal end radius and proximal humerus fracture. Majority (63.7%) were operated between 3 and 7 days post-admission and the most common surgery performed was osteosynthesis with proximal femoral nail (39.69%). For mortality assessment, 34 patients died during hospital stay, 785 patients could be assessed and 282 were lost to follow-up. In-hospital mortality was 3.08%, 30-day mortality was 8.05% and 1-year mortality was 18.92%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An integrated multidisciplinary approach with fall prevention awareness should be promoted to decrease the overall morbidity and mortality rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 2","pages":"262-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double X Configuration Screw Fixation for Middle Phalanx Fracture - A Case Report.","authors":"Mojahed Sakhnini","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i02.5262","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i02.5262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Techniques for treating phalangeal fractures are evolving. Intramedullary screws are a trendy surgical choice that leads to optimal results. Metacarpals and proximal phalanges could tolerate two screws. We want to demonstrate that middle phalanx fractures could also be treated with double-cannulated screws.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 19-year-old patient with a middle phalanx fracture of the 4th left digit was treated with Kirschner wires leading eventually to malunion. We revised the fracture with a redo, recreating the fracture and introducing retrograde crossed-cannulated screws with excellent stability that allowed an immediate range of motion. The patient achieved union with full grip and range of motion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Middle phalanx fractures could be treated with two screws in a crossed configuration achieving stable fixation and obviating the proximal interphalangeal joint.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 2","pages":"146-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suprapatellar Technique for Tibia Fractures: Is the Fracture Level Important?","authors":"Sunil Yadav, Gokul Kumar, Sanket Tanpure, Chintamani Keluskar, Atul Bhavsar, Sagar Kharat","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i02.5300","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i02.5300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A frequent bone fracture in falls and auto accidents is the tibial fracture. This study is prospective observational study primary aim to assess the healing duration, alignment, lower extremity functional score, and complications associated with suprapatellar (SP) tibial intramedullary nailing (IMN) for proximal, shaft, and distal tibial fractures.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Fifty-two patients (44 men and 8 women; mean age 46.9 years; range, 18-75 years) receiving semi-extended treatment using the SP method were included in the research. A solitary surgeon conducted SP IMN operations. Patients' genders, ages, limb sides, fracture types, and classifications were noted following a minimum of a 12-month follow-up. Analysis was done on non-union, angulation, healing duration, and fracture reduction accuracy. Clinical measures were performed using the lower extremity functional score scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the tibia, 24 fractures occurred in the proximal third, 12 in the middle third, and 16 in the distal third. The average healing period was 7.34 months, with a range of 4-14 months. There was no statistically significant difference in healing times between the sites of the fractures (P = 0.75). There were no statistically significant variations in follow-up periods with respect to fracture locations (P = 0.62). The mean follow-up length was 15.76 months (range, 12-28 months). There was no statistically significant difference in lower extremity functional scores across the fracture site groups (P = 0.33).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Irrespective of fracture level, the SP IM tibia nailing has comparable functional score, a lower incidence of malalignment, shorter recovery periods, and less need for open reduction for any type of extra Articular tibia shaft fracture.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 2","pages":"256-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Open Foot Injuries: A Case Series and Literature Review.","authors":"Samrat Smrutiranjan Sahoo, Mainak Roy, Mridul Biswas, Srirupa Mandal, Debraj Bhaumik, Ashutosh Sharma","doi":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i02.5240","DOIUrl":"10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i02.5240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Open injuries of the foot pose considerable treatment challenges due to the intricate anatomy of the area and the elevated risk of complications, including infection, delayed wound healing, and chronic pain. Traditional management typically involves irrigation, debridement, and surgical techniques such as skin grafts or flaps. Despite these interventions, achieving optimal healing remains difficult, with many cases suffering from prolonged recovery and complications. As such, alternative treatments such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have gained attention for their potential to enhance healing outcomes.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>This case series presents the outcomes of several patients with open foot injuries treated with PRP as an adjunct to conventional wound care methods. In these cases, PRP was applied after standard debridement and wound-cleaning protocols. The application of PRP was associated with accelerated wound healing, a notable reduction in infection rates, and an improvement in patient-reported outcomes, including reduced pain and enhanced functional recovery when compared to traditional management alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings from this case series suggest that PRP may offer significant benefits in the treatment of open foot injuries, particularly in terms of faster healing and reduced risk of complications. While the results are promising, larger, controlled studies are necessary to confirm the efficacy of PRP and to develop standardized treatment protocols for its use in managing such complex injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":16647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports","volume":"15 2","pages":"90-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}