Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors Associate with Iron Status in Children and Adolescents Living in Canada.","authors":"Marcia Cooper, Alireza Sadeghpour, Jesse Bertinato, Hope A Weiler, Veronique Dorais","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prevention of iron deficiency (ID) in childhood and adolescence is an important public health issue because of the potential for severe and long-lasting consequences.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to explore demographic and lifestyle factors associated with iron status among children and adolescents living in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycles 3 to 6 (2012-2019) and serum ferritin (SF) were used to determine the prevalence of ID using age-specific cut-points (<5 y: SF <12 μg/L; ≥5 y: SF <15 μg/L), and ID-regression-corrected for inflammation using C-reactive protein. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with SF and ID were tested within age-sex group (3-4 y, 5-13 y, 14-18 y) and overall (3-18 y) using multivariate regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of ID was 9.4% (ID-regression corrected: 13.7%). Females, red meat nonconsumers, and those of Indigenous identity had a higher prevalence of ID after accounting for other factors using SF cut-points and ID-regression. These factors were also associated with lower SF as a continuous variable in multiple linear regression analyses. Overall, higher odds ratios (ORs) for ID-regression corrected were observed among participants reporting lower household education [OR: 2.15; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 4.24 compared with postsecondary], Indigenous identity (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.14, 3.26 compared with White), red meat nonconsumers (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.06 compared with low frequency of consumption), high frequency of consumption of calcium-rich foods (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.68 compared with low frequency of consumption), and female sex (OR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.72, 2.86 compared with male sex).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data indicate the need for continued surveillance of iron intake and status among children and adolescents to help inform strategies that mitigate nutritional risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101848"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149061932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Methodological Considerations when Determining the Minimum Amount of Dietary Carbohydrates that Prevents Nutritional Ketosis.","authors":"Cátia Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101850"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149061878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher Ultraprocessed Food Intake Is Associated with Co-occurrence and Accumulation of Multiple Dietary Risk Behaviors in Korean Adults.","authors":"Jiyoon Lee, Hannah Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake and dietary risk behaviors, such as breakfast skipping, fast eating, overeating, and nighttime snacking, have each been associated with adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the associations between UPF intake and the co-occurrence of these dietary risk behaviors among Korean adults.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined the associations of combined and subgroup-specific UPF intake with dietary risk behaviors and their accumulation among Korean adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis included 6563 Korean adults aged 43-74 y in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Ansan-Ansung cohort. Dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and UPFs were classified according to the NOVA definition. Dietary risk behaviors were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. A composite dietary risk behavior score was created by summing the number of dietary risk behaviors (0, 1, 2, and ≥3). Multivariable logistic regression models and multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher UPF intake (highest compared with lowest quartiles) was positively associated with frequent breakfast skipping [OR (95% CI) = 3.42 (2.68, 4.36)], frequent overeating [1.33 (1.12, 1.57)], and frequent nighttime snacking [2.22 (1.90, 2.59)] but was not associated with fast eating [1.00 (0.85, 1.16)]. All individual UPF subgroups were positively associated with both frequent breakfast skipping and nighttime snacking, whereas ready-to-eat/heat mixed dishes were additionally associated with frequent overeating. Higher UPF intake (highest compared with lowest quartiles) was progressively associated with a greater number of dietary risk behaviors [1, 2, and ≥3 compared with 0 dietary risk behaviors: OR (95% CI) = 1.29 (1.04, 1.60), 2.07 (1.65, 2.60), 3.24 (2.46, 4.27), respectively].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High UPF intake was positively associated with individual dietary risk behaviors and their accumulation, suggesting that UPF intake may be linked to broader unhealthy eating patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149061925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a Nutritional Ecology for Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Susan M Sawyer, Susan Paudel","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101839","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Increased Uterine Fibroid Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Adriana I Gutiérrez-Camacho, Hyunho Kim, Lillian Prince, Mohamed Ali, Qiwei Yang, Md Soriful Islam, Ayman Al-Hendy, James Segars, Bhuchitra Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uterine fibroids, the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age, are the leading cause of hysterectomies and disproportionately affect African American women. This is an updated systematic review that performs a novel meta-analysis of observational studies to quantify the association between serum vitamin D concentrations and uterine fibroids across a wide range of studies. In addition, a comprehensive review is included on vitamin D-related factors in both preclinical and clinical studies to assess vitamin D's efficacy in treatment and prevention. Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for publications from inception to April 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2.0 and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software (R Core Team), and the use of a random-effects model with restricted maximum likelihood estimated the overall effect. Sixty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were categorized as preclinical (n = 26) or clinical (n = 43). One preclinical study explored the downregulation of vitamin D receptors as a mechanism for pathogenesis; others reported a link between vitamin D-related polymorphisms and increased risk of fibroids. Twenty-nine clinical studies evaluated hypovitaminosis D and fibroid prevalence; 26 confirmed an association, whereas 3 found no significant differences. Analysis of 21 clinical studies found a large negative effect size (mean difference = -5.90 ng/mL; I² = 97.4%; P < 0.001), indicating that women with fibroids had markedly lower vitamin D concentrations compared with controls. Supplementation was shown to improve fibroid-associated symptoms in 9 clinical interventional studies, with some demonstrating a reduction in fibroid size and others showing prevention of fibroid progression. The data support a promising role for vitamin D supplementation in regulating fibroids and highlight the need for further clinical investigation of vitamin D as a potential alternative therapy. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD420261320154 (20 February, 2026).</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101838"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning-Enabled Precision Nutrition Modestly Improves Anthropometric Outcomes and Systolic Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Janet Antwi, Obed Akwaa Harrison, Niki Hayatbini","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precision nutrition tailors dietary guidance to individual biological, genetic, metabolic, and behavioral characteristics. Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), wearables, sensors, mobile apps, and multiomics tools increasingly support this approach, but evidence on their effectiveness, feasibility, implementation, and equity remains fragmented. This review evaluated the effectiveness of AI/ML-enabled analytical approaches and technologies in precision nutrition across dietary, metabolic, behavioral, implementation, and equity outcomes. We conducted a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-guided systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published from January 2015 to December 2025 across 6 databases. Eligible studies examined AI/ML, digital tools, wearables, mobile platforms, or multiomics approaches for personalized nutrition across the lifespan. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed bias. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted where outcomes were comparable; remaining studies underwent qualitative and thematic synthesis. Overall, 262 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses indicated modest pooled reductions in body weight (-1.97 kg), body mass index (BMI; -0.57 kg/m²), waist circumference (-2.41 cm), and systolic blood pressure (-4.05 mmHg), whereas no significant pooled effects were observed for lipid outcomes or glycemic markers. Corresponding 95% confidence intervals and 95% prediction intervals were -3.02 to -0.92 and -6.69 to 2.75 kg for body weight, -0.99 to -0.15 and -2.43 to 1.29 for BMI, -4.75 to -0.07 and -11.30 to 6.49 cm for waist circumference, and -6.90 to -1.19 and -13.24 to 5.15 mmHg for systolic blood pressure. Dietary intake outcomes were generally small and inconsistent, although vegetable intake showed a modest improvement. Certainty of evidence was generally low to very low because of risk-of-bias concerns, imprecision, and substantial heterogeneity; prediction intervals for several statistically significant pooled effects crossed the null. Subgroup findings were exploratory and underpowered. Technology-enabled precision nutrition may modestly improve anthropometric outcomes and systolic blood pressure, but longer, well-reported studies are needed to clarify the clinical impact of precision nutrition technologies. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD420251241063.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101845"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein and the 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: The Right Number…But the Right Process?","authors":"Stuart M Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101844","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101844"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Misconceptions about the adiposity rebound concept.","authors":"Marie-Françoise Rolland-Cachera, France Bellisle, Sandrine Péneau","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101834","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to MF Rolland-Cachera et al.","authors":"Andrew O Agbaje","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101833","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101833"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148976777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant Diet Quality and Federal Nutrition Assistance Program Participation Predict Later Diet Quality in United States Children 2-5 Years Old.","authors":"Christabel A Domfe, Charles D Arnold, Edward A Frongillo, Lorrene D Ritchie, Shannon E Whaley, Marianne P Bitler, Lauren E Au","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infant diet quality has been associated with early childhood dietary behaviors and nutritional outcomes. For United States children in low-income households, programs such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and Medicaid provide benefits to improve health outcomes. Examining the role of dietary exposures during infancy is important to understand how duration in these programs is associated with childhood diet quality and weight status.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine whether infant nutrition, measured by the Infant Diet Quality Index (IDQI) and participation duration in WIC, SNAP, and Medicaid, is associated with child diet quality [Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020)] and weight status (body mass index z-scores) from 2 to 5 y.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data analyzed were from the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2, a national cohort of children followed from around birth up to 9 y (unweighted n = 3051; weighted n = 413,211). Associations between the durations of program participation were estimated with each outcome in survey-weighted multivariable regression analyses; mediation through IDQI was assessed using causal mediation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children who consistently participated in WIC through age 5 had higher HEI-2020 scores than those who were sporadically on WIC, with modest mediation by IDQI at 2 y only (P < 0.10). Children in households with any SNAP participation had lower HEI-2020 scores at most ages compared with those never on SNAP, and differences were mediated by having lower IDQI, which explained ≤23%, 30%, and 15% of the differences in HEI-2020, HEI-2020 adequacy, and HEI-2020 moderation scores, respectively (P < 0.05) at 2-5 y. Medicaid was not associated with any outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Supporting improved dietary exposures during the first year of life through the provision of nutrition support services and caregiver nutrition education may be effective at improving later nutritional outcomes among children, particularly among those participating in SNAP.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148976838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}