Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Endogenous Metabolites in Metabolic Diseases: Pathophysiologic Roles and Therapeutic Implications","authors":"Mengjie Xiao ,&nbsp;Ning Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhen Tian ,&nbsp;Changhao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breakthroughs in metabolomics technology have revealed the direct regulatory role of metabolites in physiology and disease. Recent data have highlighted the bioactive metabolites involved in the etiology and prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Numerous studies reveal that endogenous metabolites biosynthesized by host organisms or gut microflora regulate metabolic responses and disorders. Lipids, amino acids, and bile acids, as endogenous metabolic modulators, regulate energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and immune response through multiple pathways, such as insulin signaling cascade, chemical modifications, and metabolite–macromolecule interactions. Furthermore, the gut microbial metabolites short-chain fatty acids, as signaling regulators have a variety of beneficial impacts in regulating energy metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we will summarize information about the roles of bioactive metabolites in the pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the potential value of metabolites in the promising preventive and therapeutic perspectives of human metabolic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1627-1643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interplay of Dietary Choline and Methyl Donors in Modulating Maternal Inflammation: Insights from Project Viva","authors":"Elisabeth A Larson ,&nbsp;Laura E Smith ,&nbsp;Wei Perng ,&nbsp;Karen M Switkowski ,&nbsp;Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman ,&nbsp;Emily Oken","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inflammation during pregnancy is an important contributor to maternal and offspring morbidity and mortality. Evidence from both nonpregnant human and animal studies suggests that dietary choline can attenuate inflammation, but this has not yet been explored in human pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study explored the cross-sectional associations between maternal mid-pregnancy dietary choline intake and inflammation biomarkers, specifically IL-6, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP), while also examining the modifying effects of other methyl donor nutrients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from 640 pregnant women enrolled in Project Viva, a longitudinal cohort study in Eastern Massachusetts. We assessed mid-pregnancy maternal dietary intake via a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and measured inflammatory markers in maternal blood collected concurrently, namely IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP. We employed censored and linear regression models to assess associations of <em>z</em>-scored choline intake with log-transformed inflammatory markers and assessed potential interactions between choline intake and intakes of other methyl donor nutrients. We assessed unadjusted models and models adjusted for sociodemographic and dietary covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found no main effect of choline intake with IL-6, TNF-α, or CRP levels [for example, for IL-6, <em>β</em> = −0.02 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.08, 0.05]. However, an interaction term demonstrated that greater combined intake of choline and other methyl donor nutrients was related to lower IL-6 (for example, for betaine, <em>β</em> interaction =−0.08 pg/mL, 95% CI: −0.14, −0.02). We did not observe similar interaction effects or TNF-α or CRP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings highlight the interplay between choline and other dietary methyl donors in modulating inflammation status during pregnancy, specifically through IL-6. Higher intake of methyl donor nutrients may be necessary for any anti-inflammatory effects of choline, although further studies in this area are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1999-2005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Avoidance Taboos During Breastfeeding Are Widespread and Associated With Large Declines in Maternal Dietary Diversity in Myanmar","authors":"Derek Headey ,&nbsp;Salauddin Tauseef ,&nbsp;Khin Mar Linn ,&nbsp;Theingi Oo ,&nbsp;Soe Nyi Nyi","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Maternal food avoidance practices during pregnancy and breastfeeding have been documented in several Asian countries, but their prevalence and impacts on dietary diversity are not well quantified.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study: <em>1</em>) assessed the prevalence of beliefs around maternal food avoidance during breastfeeding in Myanmar; <em>2</em>) explored the correlates of women’s food avoidance beliefs as well as mother’s stated rationales for avoiding specific foods; and <em>3</em>) assessed how minimum dietary diversity of women (MDD-W) pertaining to mothers changed from pregnancy to postpartum/breastfeeding.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We added a novel nutrition module to a nationally representative survey (<em>N</em> = 12,353) in Myanmar to estimate the prevalence of beliefs around maternal food avoidance during breastfeeding and resurveyed a subsample of mothers (<em>N</em> = 155) to understand avoidance of specific foods. We then used a high-frequency panel of mothers in Yangon (<em>N</em> = 3541) to assess how MDD-W changed from pregnancy to postpartum/breastfeeding, employing mother fixed-effects regressions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty percent of adult women in Myanmar believe that breastfeeding mothers should avoid at least one food group that nutritionists would typically define as a healthy (e.g., vegetables and fruits). Regression analysis indicated these beliefs were less prevalent among women with more education and nutritional knowledge and with exposure to nutrition counseling from community health workers. Mothers rationalized food avoidance by referring to a variety of perceived maternal and child health risks. MDD-W pertaining to mothers in the Yangon panel fell by 43 percentage points from pregnancy to the first month after birth, including significant declines in 8 of the 10 MDD-W food groups. MDD-W remained significantly lower ≤6 mo after birth than during pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Food avoidance taboos during breastfeeding pose a potentially serious risk of micronutrient deficiencies for mothers and infants and warrant more extensive monitoring in nutrition surveys and more research on how to redress these nutritionally harmful beliefs and practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1886-1898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strawberries Improve Insulin Resistance and Related Cardiometabolic Markers in Adults with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial","authors":"Arpita Basu ,&nbsp;Andrew Hooyman ,&nbsp;Shauna Groven ,&nbsp;Pamela DeVillez ,&nbsp;Robert H Scofield ,&nbsp;Jeffrey L Ebersole ,&nbsp;Amber Champion ,&nbsp;Kenneth Izuora","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prediabetes, as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular disease, is a burgeoning public health concern in the United States and worldwide. Dietary supplementation of polyphenol-rich berries has been demonstrated to be a feasible nutritional intervention in improving multiple cardiometabolic risk factors in adults. However, reported clinical trials are quite heterogeneous in study findings, and focus on prediabetes is lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examined the effects of a feasible dietary dose of strawberries (32 g freeze-dried strawberries ∼2.5 servings fresh strawberries) on glycemic control (primary) and cardiometabolic markers in adults with prediabetes in a 28-wk randomized controlled (no strawberry) crossover single-blinded study (12 wk/period).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 25 adults were recruited in each period of the study, and anthropometric, clinical, and dietary data and blood samples were collected at baseline, 6 wk, 12 wk, 16 wk (washout), 22 wk, and 28 wk of the crossover study. A mixed-model analysis of variance was used to examine treatment effects accounting for the fixed effects of treatment, time, order of randomization, age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (in kg/m²), dietary calories, and physical activity over time, as well as the baseline value for each outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Strawberry period significantly improved glycemic control (serum insulin, insulin resistance, fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin) and serum total cholesterol in an adjusted model compared with control; [adjusted mean difference 95% confidence interval (CI): –6.9 <em>μ</em>IU/mL (–3.2, –10.7) <em>μ</em>IU/mL, –2.3 (–1.3, –3.4), –8.9 mg/dL (–4.7, –13.2) mg/dL, and –0.2% (–0.1, –0.3)%, and –7.0 mg/dL (–2.0, –12.0) mg/dL, respectively, all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05]. Strawberry period also decreased body weight, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 in the adjusted model (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings show that a 2.5-serving dose of strawberries consumed daily for 12 wk can improve prediabetes status and overall cardiometabolic profile in adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1828-1838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridioides difficile Infection in Aged Mice Decreases Memory Function, Which Can Be Protected with Alanyl-Glutamine Supplementation","authors":"Sophia M Goldbeck ,&nbsp;Deiziane VS Costa ,&nbsp;Suemin E Yang ,&nbsp;Caroline C Whitt ,&nbsp;Ayesha E Tora ,&nbsp;Cirle A Warren ,&nbsp;Jae Hyun Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adults aged &gt;65 face a higher risk of both <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection (CDI) and dementia. CDI in the elderly may exacerbate functional and cognitive impairments. Current CDI treatment options are limited. Alanyl-glutamine (AQ) is a dipeptide shown to decrease <em>C. difficile</em> toxin effects in vitro and in vivo.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We tested the potential benefits of AQ on the clinical outcomes and cognitive impairment in the aged mouse model of CDI treated at various timings of AQ and vancomycin treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>C57BL/6 retired breeder (9 mo) and aged (18 mo) mice were treated with AQ-supplemented water as a 2-wk pretreatment or continuously. The mice underwent a standard CDI protocol (VPI10463) and were treated, or not, with vancomycin. Disease severity was tracked for 14 d, then novel object recognition (NOR) tests for acute memory were performed. Hippocampal tissues were assayed for molecular markers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>NOR testing confirmed CDI-induced cognitive impairment (<em>P</em> = 0.0352). AQ pretreatment had mild neuroprotective effects during CDI. Mice treated with vancomycin and continuous AQ had better clinical scores and better memory performance than vancomycin controls (<em>P</em> = 0.0286). Continuous AQ treatment, when used alone or paired with vancomycin, offered protection against CDI-induced cognitive impairment. The mechanism of CDI-induced memory impairment remains unclear, but infected mice had elevated <em>synaptobrevin-2</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.0396) and <em>neural cell adhesion molecule</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.008) compared with uninfected controls on day 14 post infection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that neuroinflammation and memory loss occur during CDI, which may be ameliorated by AQ supplementation. AQ supplementation may have both neurological and intestinal protective effects during CDI treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1700-1709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Quintuply-Fortified Salt on the Gut Microbiome of Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Punjab, India: A Substudy of a Randomized, Community-Based Trial","authors":"Lauren Thompson ,&nbsp;Yvonne E Goh ,&nbsp;Manu Jamwal ,&nbsp;Bidhi L Singh ,&nbsp;Gurjinder Kaur Brar ,&nbsp;Charles D Arnold ,&nbsp;Jamie Westcott ,&nbsp;Nancy F Krebs ,&nbsp;Angela Zivkovic ,&nbsp;Reena Das ,&nbsp;Mona Duggal ,&nbsp;Christine M McDonald","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Women of reproductive age in India are vulnerable to multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Large-scale food fortification of staple foods and condiments offers a cost-effective approach to improving micronutrient intake. However, the impact of large-scale food fortification on the gut microbiome remains poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to determine whether quintuply-fortified salt (QFS) alters the gut microbiome of nonpregnant women of reproductive age after 12 mo.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A double-blind, randomized, controlled community-based trial was conducted among 998 women (18–49 y) in Punjab, India. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to receive <em>1</em>) QFS with iron as encapsulated ferrous fumarate (eFF), zinc, vitamin B₁₂, folic acid, and iodine (eFF-QFS); <em>2</em>) QFS with the same micronutrients, but iron as encapsulated ferric pyrophosphate (eFePP) plus ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (eFePP-QFS); or <em>3</em>) standard iodized salt. Stool samples were collected from a subsample of women at baseline and 12 mo and subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Outcomes included intervention effects on alpha diversity (Shannon index and abundance-based estimator (ACE) index) assessed via linear mixed regression models, Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (beta diversity) assessed via permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), and relative abundance of <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, and <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, <em>Prevotella or Streptococcus</em> modeled using zero-inflated negative binomial mixed regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 129 women who provided both a baseline and 12-mo stool sample, 86 had sufficient read depth following sequencing (eFF-Q5S, <em>n</em> = 33; eFePP-Q5S, <em>n</em> = 26; iodized salt, <em>n</em>= 27). Neither alpha diversity nor beta diversity differed significantly at baseline or after the 12-mo intervention. There was no intervention effect on relative abundance of individual taxa (<em>q</em>-value &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>QFS did not appear to alter the gut microbiome of nonpregnant women of reproductive age in Punjab, India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1899-1908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Corn Flour Consumption on Human Health across the Lifespan: A Scoping Review","authors":"Alex E Mohr,&nbsp;Corrie M Whisner","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corn flour, a staple food in many regions worldwide, plays a significant role in the diet due to its versatility and broad food applications. Currently, there is no comprehensive synthesis of peer-reviewed research related to human corn flour consumption and health outcomes. This scoping review aimed to examine the current literature on the health effects of corn flour across diverse populations. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL) were systematically searched in July 2024 for articles that reported on human corn flour consumption and health outcomes. Eligible studies were written in English, peer-reviewed, and compared corn flour to a grain-based or no-intervention comparator. Twenty-one studies were included, investigating a wide range of health outcomes, including metabolic markers, growth metrics in infants, and risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. Findings indicated that whole grain corn products, particularly those high in fiber-rich corn bran, were associated with favorable effects on blood lipid and glycemic profiles. Conversely, refined corn products, such as cornflakes and extruded snacks, were linked to less favorable metabolic outcomes, particularly in individuals with metabolic disorders. This review highlights the potential of corn flour to affect health depending on its processing and consumption context. Although fiber-rich forms of corn flour may offer metabolic benefits, highly processed varieties may exacerbate metabolic risks. There is a clear need for more rigorous, larger-scale studies to better understand the long-term health impacts of corn flour consumption and its role in health.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This study was registered at Open Science Framework (<span><span>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9B8KR</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1571-1582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Large-Scale Nutrition- and Gender-Sensitive Poultry Market-Based Program Did Not Improve Maternal and Child Diets in Rural Burkina Faso: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Elodie Becquey ,&nbsp;Loty Diop ,&nbsp;Ampa D Diatta ,&nbsp;Abdoulaye Pedehombga ,&nbsp;Josue Awonon ,&nbsp;Rasmane Ganaba ,&nbsp;Aulo Gelli","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Livestock production interventions can improve consumption of animal-source foods and diet diversity, which may lead to improved micronutrient adequacy.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We assessed the effectiveness on maternal and child dietary outcomes of “Soutenir l’Exploitation Familiale pour Lancer l’Élevage des Volailles et Valoriser l’Économie Rurale” (SELEVER), a livestock intervention designed to improve diets in rural Burkina Faso through training and market facilitation to improve poultry production; females’ empowerment activities; and nutrition and hygiene behavior change communication.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>For a nonblinded cluster-randomized controlled trial, we randomly assigned 30 communes to SELEVER and 30 communes to control, of which 15 communes served as control for a narrow sample. Fifteen households were randomly selected in 2 villages per commune; of which 12 were included in the narrow sample. In the wide sample, we used analyses of covariance to assess SELEVER’s effectiveness on dietary diversity in index children aged 2–4 y at baseline and in their caregivers, and on minimum acceptable diet in their siblings aged 6–23 mo at measurement. In the narrow sample, we used difference-in-difference to assess SELEVER’s effectiveness on vitamin A, iron, and zinc prevalence of adequate intakes (PA) and mean PA of 11 micronutrients in index children and caregivers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We enrolled 1767 index children, 1766 caregivers, and 412 siblings aged 6–23 mo at endline in the wide sample, and 1054 caregiver-child dyads in the narrow sample. In the wide sample, exposure to program activities was higher but moderate in SELEVER communities, with limited effects on dietary knowledge and practices and no effects on diet outcomes. The narrow sample showed a negative effect on zinc PA in children (–26 percentage points, <em>P</em> = 0.020), and no effect on other outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A program focused on improving the productivity of and demand for nutritious foods did not improve micronutrient adequacy. Implementation strategy and bottlenecks may have limited the system transformations needed to produce measurable shifts toward healthier diets.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This study was registered at ISCRCTN with registration number ISRCTN16686478 (<span><span>https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16686478</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1909-1922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Polyphenol Intake and Risk of Overall and Site-Specific Cancers: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study","authors":"Madoka Kishino ,&nbsp;Rieko Kanehara ,&nbsp;Nagisa Mori ,&nbsp;Junko Ishihara ,&nbsp;Ribeka Takachi ,&nbsp;Taiki Yamaji ,&nbsp;Motoki Iwasaki ,&nbsp;Shoichiro Tsugane ,&nbsp;Norie Sawada","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Polyphenols may play a protective role in carcinogenesis through a wide range of properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. However, evidence for the association between total dietary polyphenol intake and cancer risk in Asian populations is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This population-based prospective study aimed to investigate the association between polyphenol intake and risk of overall and site-specific cancer among Japanese.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were 41,907 men and 48,268 women aged 45–74 y with no previous cancer diagnosis in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Dietary polyphenol intake was estimated by a 147-item food frequency questionnaire administered in 1995–1998. Participants were divided into quintiles (Q) according to intakes of total polyphenol and polyphenol from foods, not including high-polyphenolic beverages (tea, coffee, and alcoholic beverages). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer risk were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for potential confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median of 15.8 y of follow-up, 12,970 incident cancer cases (7999 men and 4971 women) were identified. We did not observe associations of lower risk of overall cancer with polyphenol intake. For site-specific cancers, compared with the lowest quintile (Q1), higher total polyphenol intake was associated with a lower risk of liver cancer in men (HR_Q4: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.89, HR_Q5: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.89; <em>P</em>-trend = 0.003) and women (HR_Q5: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.39, 1.02; <em>P</em>-trend = 0.003), whereas higher polyphenol intake from foods not including tea, coffee, and alcoholic beverages was associated with a lower risk of colon cancer in men (HR_Q4: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.92, HR_Q5: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.96; <em>P</em>-trend = 0.07).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of the present study do not support a substantial role for dietary polyphenols in overall cancer prevention. Total polyphenol may reduce the risk of liver cancer, and polyphenol from foods, not including tea, coffee, and alcoholic beverages, may reduce the risk of colon cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1987-1998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Protein Diet Exacerbates Experimental Mouse Models of Colitis through Epithelial Autonomous and Nonautonomous Mechanisms","authors":"Sumeet Solanki ,&nbsp;Joseph Taranto ,&nbsp;Ryan Rebernick ,&nbsp;Cristina Castillo ,&nbsp;Varun Ponnusamy ,&nbsp;Madeline M Sykes ,&nbsp;Scott F Leiser ,&nbsp;Jun Hee Lee ,&nbsp;Thomas Schmidt ,&nbsp;Yatrik M Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are at risk of protein malnutrition due to increased protein loss or reduced dietary intake. The consequences of protein malnutrition on intestinal epithelial metabolism and disease progression remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Given the critical role of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) as an amino acid sensor and a key regulator of intestinal epithelial metabolism and homeostasis, along with the well-established influence of diet on the gut microbiota and IBD, we focused on accessing the role of dietary protein in modulating intestinal epithelial mTORC1, determine the contributions of specific amino acids such as leucine and arginine, and examine the interplay between protein malnutrition and gut microbiota driving IBD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>C57BL/6 mice were assigned to a control (20% protein, <em>n</em> = 6), a low protein (4% protein, <em>n</em> = 7), or diets selectively deficient in leucine, arginine, and other essential amino acids (<em>n</em> = 5–6). Colitis was induced by administering 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water for 6 d. Intestinal epithelial mTORC1 activity was assessed by immunoblotting. Gut microbiota composition was characterized using 16S sequencing, and the microbiota’s role in colitis was evaluated through broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Disease severity was quantified by monitoring weight loss, colon shortening, histopathological damage, and inflammatory cytokine expression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Protein restriction increased the severity of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis compared to the control diet (∗∗∗<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Mice fed arginine-restricted diets exhibited increased colitis (∗<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Protein restriction induced significant alterations in gut microbiota composition, and antibiotic-mediated microbiota depletion partially ameliorated colitis severity, revealing a microbiota-dependent mechanism underlying disease exacerbation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study demonstrates a complex interplay between dietary protein, epithelial mTORC1 signaling, and gut microbiota in modulating IBD pathogenesis and highlights the potential for targeted dietary strategies, including amino acid supplementation, to improve disease management in patients with IBD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1804-1817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}