Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Postbiotics in Respiratory Health: Functional Components, Innovative Application, and Emerging Challenges.","authors":"Jianqiang Lan, Shimin Wu, Hong Li, Junfang Wang, Min Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are typically self-limiting, yet the prevalence of irrational antibiotic prescriptions remains a significant concern, contributing to the growing issue of antibiotic resistance. Postbiotics, emerging as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of RTIs, represent a rapidly evolving field of research. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infections, explores the functional components of postbiotics, and evaluates their potential applications in respiratory health. Key functional components, including cell-free supernatants, cell wall fragments, bacteriocins, and short-chain fatty acids, have demonstrated diverse health benefits, such as immune modulation, antioxidant properties, and anti-inflammatory effects. Animal studies revealed that postbiotics can prolong survival time and reduce lung viral titers in influenza-infected mice. Clinical trial outcomes were mixed but encouraging, with specific postbiotics showing efficacy in reducing RTI incidence and bolstering immune responses, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly. A SWOT analysis concludes that postbiotics offer major advantages in terms of health benefits, stability, safety, and manufacturing flexibility. However, challenges related to standardization, regulatory hurdles, and the need for a deeper understanding of their mechanisms of action must be addressed to facilitate broader commercial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Habitual Sleep Duration on Weight Loss during a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention in a Mediterranean Population.","authors":"María Rodríguez-Martín, Lukasz Szczerbinski, Marta Garaulet, Hassan S Dashti","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep duration affects metabolic health and appetite regulation, but its role in behavioral weight loss interventions remains unclear as prior studies are limited by small sample sizes, cross-sectional designs, and inconsistent findings.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to examine the associations between nighttime sleep duration and weight loss in a behavioral intervention among adults with overweight or obesity in Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis included adults with overweight or obesity from the Obesity, Nutrigenetics, Timing, and Mediterranean study, a 25-wk behavioral weight loss intervention. Participants self-reported sleep duration at enrollment and were categorized as short (<7 h), recommended (7-8 h), or long (>8 h) sleepers. Outcomes included percentage weight loss, clinically meaningful weight loss (≥5%), rate of weight loss (≥0.53 kg/wk), and attrition. Associations were examined using logistic regression and linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age, sex, baseline weight, intervention duration, and clinic site.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3628 participants (mean age 41.2 ± 14.1 y; 77.6% women), 23.7% reported sleeping >8 h, 60.9% reported sleeping 7-8 h, and 15.4% reported sleeping <7 h per night. Long sleepers had significantly lower average weight loss (7.42%) compared with recommended sleepers (7.90%, P = 0.015). Long sleep was associated with 21% lower odds of achieving ≥5% weight loss [odds ratio (OR): 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66, 0.96], 25% lower odds of rapid weight loss (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.89), and 21% higher odds of attrition (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.43) compared with recommended (7-8 h) sleep. No significant associations were observed for short sleepers. Linear mixed-effects models further indicated lower weight loss among long sleepers [β: 0.099; standard error (SE): 0.040; P = 0.015], with no significant difference for short sleepers (β: -0.031; SE: 0.048; P = 0.514).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Habitual long sleep duration is associated with reduced weight loss success and increased risk of attrition in a behavioral weight loss intervention. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02829619.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Maternal Diet on Embryonic Development.","authors":"Nafisa M Jadavji","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145054128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Intake from Foods, Supplements, and Food Sources: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.","authors":"Izabelle Mendez, Nicole Farmer, Jacqueline J Pujol, Juliana T Camargo, Amanda S Hinerman, Erik J Rodriquez, Anna M Nápoles, Martha L Daviglus, Amber Pirzada, Christina Cordero, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Eliseo J Pérez-Stable","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hispanic/Latino adults have a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than other adults.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this was to evaluate the long-term mean daily intake of vitamin D (food and supplements), vitamin D-contributing food sources, and adherence to the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamin D among Hispanic/Latino adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is a population-based cohort study of 18-74-y-olds from 4 cities and 6 heritage groups: Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American (visit 1: 2008-2011). We included participants who completed 2 24-h dietary recalls and food propensity questionnaire (n = 13,340). Vitamin D sources included fish, eggs, dairy, plant-based milk alternatives, citrus juice, ready-to-eat cereals, organ meats, yogurt, margarine, cheese, and vitamin D supplements. Total usual nutrient intake of vitamin D from food and dietary supplements, as well as servings of vitamin D-contributing food sources, were estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dietary supplement users (n = 3459) were more likely to have health insurance (56.7% compared with 48.8%, P < 0.001) and an annual household income of >$75,000 (9.3% compared with 4.9%, P < 0.001) than nonusers (n = 9881). Usual vitamin D intake from food alone was similar for dietary supplement users and nonusers (mean daily intake 5.14 μg compared with 5.06 μg). Dietary supplement users had a higher daily mean intake (17.41 μg compared with 5.06 μg) and a lower proportion being below the EAR (32.3% compared with 95.2%) than nonusers. Fish products (0.655 oz/d) and dairy milk (0.699 cup/d) were the most consumed vitamin D food sources.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Regardless of dietary supplement use, mean vitamin D intake from usual food consumption alone was insufficient to meet the EAR. Supplementation was associated with a greater likelihood of meeting the EAR. The information on vitamin D supplementation and variation in specific food sources can inform the development of tailored interventions for Hispanic/Latino populations at greater risk of vitamin D deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145054126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Calorie Diet Accelerates the Liver Tissue Degeneration and Induces Subcutaneous White-to-Brown Fat Conversion in Mice with a Single-Allele Atp7b Mutation.","authors":"Qussai Abbas, Elena S Petrova, Nadezhda V Tsymbalenko, Mohammad Al Farrukh, Daria N Magazenkova, Elena V Polishchuk, Rafaela Petruzzelli, Kira V Derkach, Elena A Kolos, Natalia N Klyueva, Alexey N Skvortsov, Francesca Di Sole, Alexander O Shpakov, Alexandr D Denisenko, Dmitriy E Korzhevskii, Arnab Gupta, Roman S Polishchuk, Ludmila V Puchkova, Ekaterina Yu Ilyechova","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wilson disease (WD) is a hereditary autosomal-recessive disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, which also leads to dysregulation of lipid metabolism. In Atp7b^-/^--mice, a high-calorie diet (HCD) aggravates WD symptoms. However, it remains unknown whether HCD induces similar effects in asymptomatic Atp7b⁺/^--heterozygotes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether HCD induces a WD-like phenotype in Atp7b⁺/^--mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five-month-old male C57BL/6 Atp7b⁺/⁺ and Atp7b⁺/^--mice (n = 3-6/group) were fed either standard diet (SD, 326 kcal/100 g) or HCD (420 kcal/100g) for 18 wk. Serum copper, glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and oxidase activity were measured. Liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were analyzed via histology and electron microscopy. Expression of copper metabolism-related genes (CMRGs) was assessed by qRT-PCR. MANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used for statistical analysis using the R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genotype had no effect on concentrations of copper, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol/non-HDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol/non-LDL cholesterol, atherogenicity index, or oxidase activity. Glucose concentrations were significantly reduced in Atp7b⁺/^-(HCD)-mice (3.9 compared with 7.6 mM/L, P < 0.05), whereas insulin concentrations were elevated in Atp7b⁺/⁺(HCD)-mice (0.5 compared with 0.1 μg/L, P < 0.05). Liver steatosis and fibrosis were found in Atp7b⁺/^-(SD) and worsened by HCD. Adipocyte hypertrophy was observed in both SAT and VAT under HCD [2734 μm² in Atp7b⁺/⁺(HCD) and 1382 μm² in Atp7b⁺/^-(HCD) compared with 1040 μm² in Atp7b⁺/⁺(SD) and 1934 μm² in Atp7b⁺/^-(SD), P < 0.05]. White-to-brown fat conversion was noted in the SAT of Atp7b⁺/^-(HCD)-mice. In the liver, HCD reduced Ctr1 and Cp gene expression by 60% and 30%, respectively (P < 0.05); in SAT, all assessed CMRGs were upregulated by 50%-85% (P < 0.05); whereas no changes were detected in VAT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Atp7b⁺/^-(SD)-mice display hepatic and adipose abnormalities, aggravated by an HCD, suggesting that WD heterozygotes may be diet sensitive, highlighting the relevance of dietary management to prevent metabolic and hepatic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese Diet Index Score and Cause-Specific Mortality in Japanese Men and Women: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study.","authors":"Utako Murai, Junko Ishihara, Ribeka Takachi, Kumiko Kito, Yuri Ishii, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Manami Inoue, Taiki Yamaji, Motoki Iwasaki, Shoichiro Tsugane, Norie Sawada","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research has found that the Japanese dietary pattern is associated with lower mortality risk. However, the Japanese diet has been changing, such as increased intake of coffee and dairy products and reduced salt intake, which may affect the long lifespan of Japanese people.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the association between adherence to the new low salty food Japanese diet, with the addition of components of dairy products, coffee and salty foods, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 93,049 participants aged 45-74 y without serious disease who were enrolled in a population-based prospective study. The score for adherence to a traditional Japanese Diet Index score (T-JDIs), consisting of 13 components (high intake of rice, miso soup, seaweeds, pickles, vegetables, non-salty seafood, salty seafood, green tea, fruits, soy products, mushrooms, salt by seasoning, and low intake of beef and pork) was assessed using energy-adjusted median intakes. We created low salty food JDIs (LS-JDIs) with lower salty food intake. In addition, scores of coffee and dairy products were added as new JDIs and new LS-JDIs (NLS-JDIs, 15-component). With the four JDIs, hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause and cause-specific mortality were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 18.9 y, we documented 23,338 deaths. An inverse association was found between higher adherence to four JDIs and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in both genders. Especially for men, the point estimate with the highest adherence to NLS-JDIs was lower for all-cause and CVD mortality than that of T-JDIs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High adherence to all JDIs was associated with lower all-cause mortality in both genders. Especially, high adherence to NLS-JDIs was decreased with all-cause and CVD mortality risk more than that of T-JDIs in men.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145054145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prebiotic-Supplemented Formula Improves Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammatory Microenvironment in Patients with Colorectal Adenoma: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Sijia Meng, Chen Liu, Keming Zhang, Jiqiu Li, Dan Wang, Jing Zhao, Yu Wang, Meizhi Du, Chunyan Li, Yuan Wang, Wenli Lu, Yun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer is preventable, and patients with colorectal adenomas are at high risk of colorectal cancer.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a complex prebiotic formulation on the gut microbiota and inflammation levels in patients with colorectal adenoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial assigned patients with adenomatous polyps to either the prebiotic intervention group (N = 51) or the placebo control group (N = 49). Blood and stool samples were collected at baseline and week 12; mixed-effects models were used to analyze the impact of the prebiotic on gut microbiota and inflammatory markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed an increase in Bacteroidetes abundance over 12 wk, but the increase was smaller in the intervention group [β = -5.507; 95% confidence interval (CI): -11.390, 0.375; P = 0.066]. Unidentified Ruminococcaceae increased in the intervention group (β = 2.072; 95% CI: -0.130, 4.274; P = 0.065), but declined in the control group. A significant increase in interleukin-10 concentrations was observed in the intervention group (β = 0.778; 95% CI: 0.132, 1.425; P = 0.019), in contrast to a downward trend in the control group. Notably, baseline tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations appeared to modify the intervention's microbial effects. Specifically, for each 1 pg/mL increase, the intervention was associated with increased Actinobacteria (β = 0.624; 95% CI: 0.100, 1.148; P-interaction ₌ 0.020), Bifidobacteriaceae (β = 0.608; 95% CI: 0.114, 1.103; P-interaction = 0.017), and Bifidobacterium (β = 0.608; 95% CI: 0.114, 1.103; P-interaction = 0.017). However, these associations did not remain statistically significant after false discovery rate adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prebiotic intervention effectively increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, while simultaneously reducing inflammatory levels in individuals with colorectal adenoma. This trial was registered at XXX as ChiCTR2100046390.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145054096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Importance of Maternal Anemia and High Hemoglobin Concentrations on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Novel Evidence From a Nationally Representative Pregnancy Cohort.","authors":"Melissa F Young","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processed Meat Health Risks: Pathways and Dietary Solutions.","authors":"Peng Li-Hua, Ousman Bajinka","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Red and processed meat consumption is extensively linked to chronic disease risk in observational studies, with robust meta-analyses demonstrating significant positive associations for colorectal, breast, endometrial, and lung cancers, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Dose-response relationships indicate elevated risks even at moderate intakes. Moreover, processed meats consistently show stronger detrimental effects than unprocessed red meats. Biological mechanisms include carcinogen formation, proinflammatory effects, gut microbiome dysbiosis, and impacts on lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. However, evidence exhibits complexities, including inconsistent randomized controlled trial findings on short-term biomarkers, weaker associations for unprocessed red meat in some outcomes, and significant modulation by overall diet, lifestyle, and genetic factors. This review synthesizes epidemiologic evidence on red and processed meat consumption and chronic disease risk, elucidates the multifaceted biological mechanisms underlying these associations, including carcinogenesis, cardiometabolic pathways, and microbiome interactions, and critically evaluates contextual modifiers such as processing methods, including the use of \"natural\" nitrate sources, cooking techniques, and dietary patterns, and lifestyle factors. It also identifies key research gaps and limitations to inform future studies and evidence-based dietary guidance. High processed meat intake is robustly associated with increased risks of multiple chronic diseases and mortality via mechanisms involving mutagenic compounds, heme iron, trimethylamine N-oxide, saturated fats, and gut dysbiosis. Unprocessed red meat shows weaker, less consistent links. Crucially, replacing red/processed meats with plant proteins, poultry, or fish reduces disease risk through beneficial mechanisms. Risk is modified by processing, cooking methods, overall dietary patterns, and physical activity. Public health recommendations should prioritize minimizing processed meat, moderating unprocessed red meat, and emphasizing healthier substitutions within balanced diets. Future research must address causality, mechanistic specificity, population diversity, and integrated health-environmental assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metataxonomic and Bacterial Culture Studies of Breast Milk Microbiota in Mothers of Premature Infants: Factors Influencing Its Bacterial Composition and Diversity.","authors":"Benjamin Querin, Elise Larsonneur, Christophe Caloustian, Vincent Meyer, Lauriane Cezard, Hasinirina Razafimahefa, Jean-François Deleuze, Didier Lecointe, Béatrice Segurens","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast milk represents the optimal feeding strategy for newborns, supporting not only nutrition but also the establishment of a unique microbiota. The bacterial composition and diversity of this microbiota are shaped by various maternal and infant-related factors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This single-center prospective study aimed to examine the breast milk microbiota and determine the maternal and infant-related factors influencing its composition and diversity over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 137 breast milk samples using bacterial culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, collected from 40 healthy mothers who delivered preterm infants via vaginal or cesarean section. All milk samples were collected exclusively using a breast pump.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed a diverse bacterial community, with the dominant phyla being Bacillota, Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Bacteroidota. At the genus level, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Corynebacterium were the most prevalent. We defined a core breast milk microbiota comprising 7 bacterial genera: Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Cutibacterium, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus. Notably, mothers with a postpartum body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m² exhibited a significant decrease in the bacterial diversity of their breast milk microbiota. Longitudinal analysis findings suggested an increase in bacterial diversity over time, whereas the aerobic bacterial flora seemed to remain relatively stable. Additionally, we identified bacterial genera associated with maternal and infant-related factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the potential for targeted interventions aimed at modulating the breast milk microbiota to optimize the development of the newborn's intestinal microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}