Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Vitamin D Supplementation, Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease and Asthma Exacerbations, and Lung Function Decline","authors":"Diane R Gold ,&nbsp;Vincent J Carey ,&nbsp;Craig P Hersh ,&nbsp;Emily Wan ,&nbsp;Carlos A Camargo Jr. ,&nbsp;I-Min Lee ,&nbsp;Nancy R Cook ,&nbsp;Nicholas Nassikas ,&nbsp;Julie E Buring ,&nbsp;JoAnn E Manson ,&nbsp;Heike Luttmann-Gibson","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>It remains unclear whether supplementation with vitamin D reduces risk of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) or asthma, major contributors to the world-wide burden of disease.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To compare effects of vitamin D with placebo supplementation for the prespecified primary endpoints <em>1</em>) acute exacerbations of COPD and <em>2</em>) decline in pulmonary function measures of airflow obstruction. Prespecified secondary endpoints included asthma exacerbations and control.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Lung VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is an ancillary study of VITAL, a United States nationwide, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a 2-by-2 factorial design of vitamin D₃ (2000 IU/d) and marine n-3 fatty acids (1 g/d) among men 50 y and women 55 y of age or older. Of 25,871 randomly divided participants, 3632 at risk for respiratory exacerbations, including 1977 with COPD by diagnosis or symptoms and 1654 with self-reported asthma diagnosis, were followed annually for 5 y by self-administered respiratory questionnaire. Spirometry was performed at baseline and 2 y after randomization by 1648 participants from 12 urban centers. Decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) and FEV₁/forced vital capacity was measured between baseline and follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Supplementation with vitamin D was not associated with lower risk of any primary or secondary end point. Over the 5-y follow-up, the number of COPD exacerbations was 0.27/y in the vitamin D group and 0.25/y in the placebo group (rate ratio 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.93, 1.29). Over the 2-y follow-up, supplementation was not associated with slower decline (mL/y) in FEV₁.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Supplementation with vitamin D, compared with placebo, did not result in a lower rate of COPD exacerbations or improved pulmonary function in community-dwelling adults not selected for vitamin D deficiency.</div><div>This trial was registered at Lung VITAL <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT01728571 with Protocol ID 2010-P-000622 (<span><span>https://prevention.cancer.gov/clinical-trials/clinical-trials-search/nct01728571</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1417-1428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles From Lactobacillus fermentum Enhance Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Restore Gut Microbial Homeostasis in Experimental Murine Colitis","authors":"Yanwei Wang ,&nbsp;Tiantian Li ,&nbsp;Zhuo Dong ,&nbsp;Qiyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingqiu Mi ,&nbsp;Qingfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Lin ,&nbsp;Qiugang Ma ,&nbsp;Ru Jia ,&nbsp;Shimeng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Lactobacillus fermentum</em> has been shown to improve intestinal health and treat colitis; however, its precise efficacy and mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate whether <em>L fermentum</em> and its metabolites, extracellular vesicles, and other components could modulate intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-eight mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups: control, DSS, <em>L fermentum</em>+DSS group (LF+DSS), heat-inactivated <em>L fermentum</em>+DSS group (LHF+DSS), <em>L fermentum</em> supernatant solution+DSS group (LSF+DSS), and <em>L fermentum</em> extracellular vesicles+DSS group (LEV+DSS). After a 1-wk acclimation, mice were gavaged daily for 3 wk. Fresh cultures, including live (LF+DSS), heat-inactivated (LHF+DSS), supernatant (LSF+DSS), and extracellular vesicles (LEV+DSS), were prepared daily. During the final 7 d, the control group received normal water, and the other groups received 3% DSS. Data were collected daily, followed by sample collection from the mice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, significant reductions (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in body weight changes, disease activity index, intestinal damage, and histology scores were observed in the treatment groups, especially LEV+DSS and LF+DSS. Additionally, compared with the DSS group, colonic mucus secretion, as well as claudin-1 and occludin expression, increased significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the LEV+DSS and LF+DSS groups, whereas proinflammatory cytokines <em>IL-1β</em> and <em>TNF-α</em> decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and <em>IL-10</em> increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the LEV+DSS group. <em>L fermentum</em> and its components significantly regulated gut microbiota α-diversity and β-diversity, affecting overall composition. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis revealed an enrichment of beneficial bacteria including <em>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001</em>, <em>Romboutsia</em>, and <em>Ruminococcus</em> species in the LF+DSS group and <em>Akkermansia</em>, <em>Odoribacter</em>, and <em>Marvinbryantia</em> species in the LEV+DSS group. Both <em>L fermentum</em> and its extracellular vesicles significantly downregulated the gene expression of <em>TNF-α</em> and <em>IL-1β</em>, whereas the expression of <em>IL-10</em> was upregulated, thereby contributing to the alleviation of colitis symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study reveals that <em>L fermentum</em> alleviates colitis through modulation of the gut microbiota and reinforcement of the intestinal mucosal barrier, with its extracellular vesicles potentially playing a key role in this regulatory process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1311-1323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Sectional Associations between Clinical Biochemistry and Nutritional Biomarkers and Sarcopenic Indices of Skeletal Muscle in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging","authors":"Jamie Scott ,&nbsp;Max Yates ,&nbsp;Toshiko Tanaka ,&nbsp;Luigi Ferrucci ,&nbsp;Donnie Cameron ,&nbsp;Ailsa A Welch","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Investigating relationships between nutritional and clinical biochemistry biomarkers and skeletal muscle mass, strength and function (sarcopenic indices) may <em>1</em>) highlight micronutrients of interest for potential preventive or treatment strategies for sarcopenia, or <em>2</em>) highlight biomarkers that may be useful for identifying individuals at risk of sarcopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Investigate associations between nutritional biomarkers (vitamin D, vitamin B₁₂, folate, magnesium, potassium, calcium, and iron), clinical biomarkers (hemoglobin, ferritin, albumin, creatinine, and hemoglobin A1c: HbA1c), and sarcopenic indices (appendicular lean mass: ALM); height-adjusted ALM: ALM_ht; fat-free mass as a percentage of total body weight; extended short physical performance battery score: _extSPPB; height-adjusted hand grip strength: HGS_ht; height-adjusted knee extension concentric strength, and; height-adjusted knee extension isometric strength) in males and females.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using multivariable linear regression analysis, we investigated cross-sectional associations between biomarkers and sarcopenic indices in data collected from 1761 participants (age 22–103 y) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hemoglobin was positively associated with ALM (<em>β</em> = 0.20, <em>P</em> = 0.021), HGS_ht (<em>β</em> = 0.25, <em>P</em> = 0.001), and _extSPPB (<em>β</em> = 0.13, <em>P</em> = 0.024) in males, and with _extSPPB in females (<em>β</em> = 0.15, <em>P</em> = 0.019). In males, serum iron was positively associated with ALM_ht (<em>β</em> = 0.0021, <em>P</em> = 0.038) and _extSPPB (<em>β</em> = 0.0043, <em>P</em> = 0.045). In females, ferritin was positively associated with knee-extension strength measurements. Serum creatinine was positively associated with lean mass measures in males and females and with muscle strength and function measures in males with normal renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate <span><math><mrow><mo>≥</mo></mrow></math></span>60 mL/min/1.73 m²). In males, high HbA1c was associated with lower ALM_ht (<em>β</em> = –0.21, <em>P</em> = 0.023), _extSPPB (<em>β</em> = –0.40, <em>P</em> = 0.027), and HGS_ht (<em>β</em> = –0.56, <em>P</em> = 0.031). In males and females, magnesium was positively associated with _extSPPB, and potassium was positively associated with measures of knee-extension strength.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The associations found between measures of iron status and creatinine and sarcopenic indices, in males in particular, indicate potential importance for muscle health. Future longitudinal and intervention studies are warranted to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1535-1548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Amino Acids and Risk of Stroke Subtypes: Results from 3 Large Prospective Cohort Studies","authors":"Tammy YN Tong ,&nbsp;Yanping Li ,&nbsp;Kathryn M Rexrode ,&nbsp;Walter C Willett ,&nbsp;Qi Sun ,&nbsp;JoAnn E Manson ,&nbsp;Valter D Longo ,&nbsp;Timothy J Key ,&nbsp;Frank B Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Differences in dietary protein have been associated with stroke risk, with possible heterogeneity in associations by stroke type or food sources of protein.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examined the associations of individual dietary amino acids, as the constituents of dietary protein, with risks of ischemic, hemorrhagic, and total stroke.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from 73,830 females in the Nurses’ Health Study (1984–2012), 92,333 females in the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2013), and 43,268 males in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986–2016). Dietary intakes of 22 (20 standard and 2 nonstandard) amino acids were assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires, administered typically every 4 y. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ischemic, hemorrhagic, and total stroke in relation to the energy-adjusted intakes of individual amino acids.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a mean follow-up of 23.7 y, 3058 ischemic, 872 hemorrhagic, and 5997 total stroke cases were documented. After correction for multiple testing, lower risks of ischemic stroke were observed with higher intakes of glutamine (HR per 1 standard deviation higher: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98, <em>P</em> = 0.004) and proline (0.94, 0.90, 0.98, <em>P</em> = 0.005). The associations remained directionally consistent across sensitivity analyses but attenuated upon mutual adjustment. All other amino acids, including branched-chain amino acids, were not significantly associated with ischemic stroke. For hemorrhagic stroke, no significant associations were observed for any of the amino acids. For total stroke, inverse associations were also observed for both glutamine (0.94, 0.91–0.97, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and proline (0.96, 0.93–0.99, <em>P</em> = 0.004). In terms of dietary sources, glutamine was most strongly correlated with plant protein and whole grains, whereas proline was most strongly correlated with dairy protein and dairy products.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher intakes of glutamine and proline were associated with lower risks of ischemic and total stroke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1560-1569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity and Gut Health: Link for the Future. Could Kombucha Be Our Ally?","authors":"Roberto Cannataro","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1283-1284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivitamin Use and Mammographic Breast Density","authors":"Oreoluwa G Oginni ,&nbsp;Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan ,&nbsp;Adetunji T Toriola","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The association of multivitamin use with mammographic breast density (MBD) is unclear, with 2 studies reporting conflicting findings.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to investigate the associations of multivitamin use with volumetric measures of MBD—volumetric percent density (VPD), dense volume (DV), and nondense volume (NDV)—in a diverse population of women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 1083 women recruited during their annual screening mammograms at the Joanne Knight Breast Health Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Participants were classified based on self-reported multivitamin use into nonusers, &lt;1, 1–3, and 4–6 d/wk, and daily users. MBD was assessed as VPD, DV, and NDV using Volpara 1.5. Data were analyzed using general linear modeling and adjusted for potential confounders, including age, BMI, race, menopausal status, education, age at menarche, a family history of breast cancer, parity and age at first birth, oral contraceptive use, menopausal hormone therapy use, and alcohol intake. Statistical significance was set at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multivitamin use was not associated with VPD. The adjusted mean VPD was 7.0% (95% CI: 6.6%, 7.2%) for nonusers, 7.1% (95% CI: 6.4%, 8.0%) for women who used multivitamins &lt;1 d/wk, 7.4% (95% CI: 6.6%, 8.3%) for women who used multivitamins 1–3 d/wk, 7.1% (95% CI: 6.3%, 7.7%) for women who used multivitamins 4–6 d/wk, and 6.9% (95% CI: 6.6%, 7.3%) for daily users (<em>P</em> = 0.794). Similar null associations were observed between multivitamin use and DV and NDV. Race and menopausal status did not modify the associations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There is no association between multivitamin use and MBD, regardless of the frequency of use. Studies evaluating the potential interactions among dietary patterns, specific nutrients, and MBD are needed to enhance our understanding of how dietary factors impact MBD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1452-1458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folic Acid-Containing Supplement Use among Females Aged 15–55 in the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015–2018","authors":"Kathryn E Hopperton ,&nbsp;Lidia Loukine ,&nbsp;The Minh Luong ,&nbsp;Loan Nguyen ,&nbsp;Jesse Bertinato ,&nbsp;Yvette Bonvalot ,&nbsp;Marcia Cooper ,&nbsp;Wei Luo ,&nbsp;Amanda J MacFarlane ,&nbsp;Jennifer McCrea ,&nbsp;Carley Nicholson ,&nbsp;Huma Rana ,&nbsp;Kelsey Vercammen ,&nbsp;Jane Yuan ,&nbsp;Shawn Brule ,&nbsp;Hope A Weiler","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In Canada, those who are or who could become pregnant are recommended to consume a daily multivitamin containing 400 μg of folic acid to help prevent neural tube defects.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to report the prevalence and determinants of folic acid-containing supplement use among females of childbearing age in Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were combined from cycles 2015/2016 and 2017/2018 of the maternal experiences module of the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey, which was completed by females aged 15–55 y. Representative weighted estimates (means/percentages, 95% confidence interval) were generated for folic acid-containing supplement use among all pregnant, nonpregnant, and lactating respondents. For those who had given birth in the preceding 5 y, estimates were also generated for supplement use in the 3 mo before and first 3 mo of their most recent pregnancy, and prepregnancy awareness of the link between folic acid and some birth defects. We examined associations with sociodemographic factors using multivariable logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 16.5% (15.9%, 17.0%) of nonpregnant, 80.3% (77.1%, 83.5%) of pregnant, and 58.4% (54.8%, 61.9%) of lactating females aged 15–55 reported using a folic acid-containing supplement. Among those who had given birth in the preceding 5 y, 63.7% (62.2%, 65.1%) consumed a folic acid-containing supplement in the 3 mo before pregnancy, whereas 89.9% (88.8%, 90.9%) did so during the first trimester. A lower prevalence of supplement use before or during pregnancy was reported among the 23.7% (22.4%, 25.1%) of respondents unaware of the relationship between folic acid and birth defects. Younger age, single marital status, lower educational attainment, income below the median, and smoking were associated with lower odds of awareness or supplement use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although most females living in Canada reported using folic acid-containing supplements prior to and during pregnancy, use of these supplements among nonpregnant females of childbearing age is low, and sociodemographic inequalities exist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1520-1534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability of Pig True Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility Coefficients: Among and Within Laboratories","authors":"Suzanne M Hodgkinson ,&nbsp;Natascha Stroebinger ,&nbsp;Carlos A Montoya ,&nbsp;Hans Stein ,&nbsp;Sonja de Vries ,&nbsp;Nikkie van der Wielen ,&nbsp;Wouter Hendriks ,&nbsp;Paul J Moughan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>When determining true ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility values in the growing pig to calculate digestible indispensable AA score, there are aspects of the protocol, both genetic and environmental, that vary between laboratories.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine true ileal AA digestibility in 9 foods in each of 3 laboratories (Australasia, Europe, and North America) to determine interlaboratory variability. In each laboratory, 3 foods were also evaluated twice to determine intralaboratory variation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Each laboratory followed a standardized protocol to determine true ileal AA digestibility for each food. Growing pigs received each food for 7 d and digesta were collected via a cannula at the terminal ileum on days 6 and 7. True ileal AA digestibility coefficients were determined for each food at each laboratory to evaluate interlaboratory variability. Three foods were evaluated twice in different cohorts of pigs at each laboratory (intralaboratory variation).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was no statistically significant effect (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) of the laboratory on the true ileal AA digestibility coefficients for 8 of the foods. Differences in AA digestibility were found for wheat bread. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) between laboratories for digestibility of the indispensable AAs was 5.0% with an overall mean for all AAs of 5.5%. For intralaboratory variability, there were no statistically significant differences (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) in AA digestibility for any food with mean CVs for each AA within each of the 3 laboratories for the indispensable AAs of 1.3%, 1.1%, and 0.9%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>True ileal AA digestibility values determined in the growing pig for the same foods in different laboratories (interlaboratory variation) do not vary greatly. When a single food was evaluated a second time in the same laboratory, little variation among digestibility values was found.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1398-1407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporation of Whole or Milled Dry Edible Beans into a High-Fat Diet Improves Bone Structure in Obese Mice","authors":"Jay J Cao,&nbsp;Brian R Gregoire,&nbsp;Derek D Bussan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pulses, a healthy diet component, have many bone-beneficial nutrients.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated whether incorporation of dried pulses to a high-fat diet improves bone metabolism in obese mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male C57BL/6 mice at 4-wk-old were randomly assigned to 4 diet groups (<em>n</em> = 22–24/group) for 12 wk: a normal-fat (NF; 4.1 kcal/g and 16% energy as fat), a HF (4.9 kcal/g and 48% energy as fat), or a HF containing either whole beans (HFWB) or milled bean flour (HFMB) at 15% wt/wt. Diets containing beans had similar total energy, protein, and fiber content as the HF without beans. Bone structure and related biomarkers were measured. Data were analyzed using a 1-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc contrasts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mice fed the HFWB or HFMB but not the HF had higher lean mass than those fed the NF (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05, 9.1% and 8.7%, for HFWB and HFMB, respectively). Mice fed the HF, HFWB, or HFMB had 23%, 14%, and 12% lower tibial bone volume/total volume (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), respectively, than those on the NF. Mice fed the HF but not the HFWB or HFMB had 9.2% lower bone volume/total volume in the second lumbar vertebrae than those fed the NF (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Pooled HF with bean groups had 18%, 14%, 27%, 17%, and 15% greater body weight, fat mass, plasma concentrations of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen, blood glucose than the HF alone, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Milled bean flour had a greater impact on body weight, fat mass, tibial structural model index, circulating leptin, and glucose than whole bean relative to the HF alone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These data indicate that the incorporation of dry edible beans into a HF mitigates but does not fully prevent bone deterioration in obese mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1442-1451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc-Mediated Deacetylation of Farnesoid X Receptor Activates the Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Pathway to Reduce Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Enhance Lipolysis in Yellow Catfish","authors":"Chuan Chen ,&nbsp;Xuebo Liu ,&nbsp;Jiawei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Wen ,&nbsp;Huihong Zhao ,&nbsp;Guanghui Chen ,&nbsp;Kun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High-fat diets (HFDs) can lead to excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver, leading to liver injury. Dietary zinc (Zn) has been shown to reduce HFD-induced lipid accumulation and improve lipid profiles in mammals, yet it remains unclear whether waterborne Zn maintains its lipid-lowering effects in osteichthyes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory role of Zn in HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in yellow catfish (<em>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</em>) and its potential mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Yellow catfish were fed a control diet (11.21% lipid concentration), HFD (16.10% lipid concentration), or HFD combined with waterborne Zn exposure (0.2 mg/L) for 8 wk. Various biochemical, genetic, histologic, and molecular techniques were conducted to evaluate hepatic lipid deposition and lipid metabolism and determine protein interactions between silent information regulator (SIRT) 1 and farnesoid X receptor (FXR), as well as protein–gene interactions between FXR and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HFD feeding significantly increased liver fat content and induced hepatic damage in yellow catfish, but concurrent exposure to waterborne Zn alleviated these detrimental effects. Zn treatment increased mRNA and protein concentrations of SIRT1 (mean ± SEM; 97.19% ± 11.67% and 83.25% ± 28.60%, respectively) and FXR (163.90% ± 24.60% and 24.90% ± 11.12%, respectively) in yellow catfish liver (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Zn-activated FXR directly interacted with the promoter of ATGL, stimulating the expression of <em>atgl</em> (54.40% ± 16.33%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and facilitating the hydrolysis of triglycerides and lipid droplets. Furthermore, Zn reduced the acetylation concentration of FXR by SIRT1 deacetylation of FXR protein K167.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings reveal that Zn protect against HFD-induced liver injury in yellow catfish by promoting the deacetylation of FXR protein K167 by SIRT1 and activating FXR, thereby promoting the transcriptional activation of ATGL to increase lipolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1350-1363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}