Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Mode of Action of Psyllium in Reducing Gas Production from Inulin and its Interaction with Colonic Microbiota: A 24-hour, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Healthy Human Volunteers","authors":"Alaa T Alhasani ,&nbsp;Amisha A Modasia ,&nbsp;Mohamed Anodiyil ,&nbsp;Maura Corsetti ,&nbsp;Abdulsalam I Aliyu ,&nbsp;Colin Crooks ,&nbsp;Luca Marciani ,&nbsp;Joshua Reid ,&nbsp;Gleb E Yakubov ,&nbsp;Moira Taylor ,&nbsp;Amanda Avery ,&nbsp;Hannah Harris ,&nbsp;Frederick J Warren ,&nbsp;Robin C Spiller","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recent studies show that the increase in breath hydrogen (BH₂) and symptoms after ingestion of inulin are reduced by coadministering psyllium (PI).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine if slowing delivery of inulin to the colon by administering it in divided doses would mimic the effect of PI. Primary endpoint was the BH₂ area under the curve AUC_{0–24 h}. Secondary endpoints included BH₂ AUC_{0–6 h, 6–12 h, and 12–24 h}. Exploratory endpoints included the correlation of BH₂ AUC_{0–24 h} with dietary fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) intake and in vitro fermentation results.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 17 healthy adults were randomly assigned to a single-blind, 3-arm, crossover trial. All consumed 20 g inulin (I) powder dissolved in 500 mL water and mixed with either 20 g maltodextrin (control) or 20 g PI consumed as a single dose or 20 g inulin given in divided doses (DDI), 62.5 mL every 45 min over 6 h. Twenty-four-hour BH₂, dietary FODMAP intake, stool microbiota, and gas production in vitro were measured. Responders were defined as those whose AUC_{0–24 h} BH₂ was reduced by PI, whereas nonresponders showed no reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with control, PI did not reduce mean BH₂ AUC_{0–24 h}, whereas DDI increased it, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.0002. DDI and PI both significantly reduced BH₂ AUC_{0–6 h} compared with the control, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001. However, subsequently, DDI significantly increased BH₂ from 6 to 12 h (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001) and overnight (12–24 h) (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001), whereas PI did so only overnight (<em>P =</em> 0.0002). Nonresponders showed greater release of arabinose during in vitro fermentation and higher abundance of 2 species, <em>Clostridium spp. AM22_11AC</em> and <em>Phocaeicola dorei</em>, which also correlated with BH₂ production on PI. Dietary FODMAP intake tended to correlate inversely with BH₂ AUC_{0–24 h} (r = −0.42, <em>P =</em> 0.09) and correlated with microbiome community composition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DDI, like PI, reduces early BH₂ production. PI acts by delaying transit to the colon but not reducing colonic fermentation over 24 h. Dietary FODMAP intake correlates with BH₂ response to inulin and the microbiome.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>www.clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05619341.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 839-848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Diet Costs and Dietary Adequacy: A Scoping Review of Measures and Methods with a Focus on Cost Estimation using Food Supply Data","authors":"Gabriella Luongo ,&nbsp;Catherine L Mah ,&nbsp;Leah E Cahill ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hajizadeh ,&nbsp;Laura J Kennedy ,&nbsp;Helen Wong ,&nbsp;Yanqing Yi ,&nbsp;Valerie Tarasuk","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>“Diet cost” refers to a methodological approach developed by Drewnowski et al. to estimate individual daily diet costs, where cost vectors are derived by matching prices from food supply data to the food sources of reported intakes from dietary assessment tools. The dietary assessment method and food price collection approach have been found to vary diet cost estimates. There is a need to better understand how food supply prices might be better standardized and attached to price individuals’ diets.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To conduct a scoping review to examine Drewnowski’s diet cost method, with a focus on a detailed description and charting of cost estimation measures and methods used to price individuals’ consumed diets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Five databases were searched from the inception of each database to March 2023. Included articles comprised analyses of individual-level dietary assessment data matched to food prices to assign estimates of individual daily diet costs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 55 articles were included, published between 1999 and 2022 from 17 countries. In all studies, cost estimates were intended to be representative of price exposures among individual respondents’ dietary assessment data. All studies derived cost estimates from separately collected food prices. 34 (62%) of included articles collected food prices from retail (supermarket) audits. A minority of studies (19, 35%) reported the number of food prices used to cost diets, and those varied widely, ranging from 57 to nearly 4600 distinct food prices per study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the absence of a standardized approach to study the relationship between diet costs and dietary adequacy, this scoping review has described methodological concepts and parameters used to price individuals’ consumed diets. Our review shows that despite common arithmetic to calculate cost vectors, there is substantial variation in the methods used to select and attach prices from the food supply to self-reported dietary intake assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 788-803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Healthy Eating Index-2015 Total and Component Scores with Measures of Inflammation and Immune Activation in Healthy Adults","authors":"Charles B Stephensen ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Jiang ,&nbsp;Barbara Gale ,&nbsp;Janet M Peerson","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 measures diet quality and is associated with a lower risk of death from chronic disease. Dietary components may affect health via multiple mechanisms, including decreasing inflammation and affecting immune activation.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We hypothesized that the overall HEI-2015 score, or individual component scores, would be associated with altered inflammation and immune activation in healthy adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The association of HEI-2015 scores with 88 inflammation and immune activation markers was examined in 346 adults without diagnosed disease using general linear models to adjust for covariates, including visceral fat mass index (VFMI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall HEI-2015 score was inversely associated with plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte concentrations, which are markers of inflammation, but these associations lost statistical significance with adjustment for VFMI. However, even with VFMI adjustment, the total vegetable score was inversely associated with total lymphocyte concentration (β = -0.157 ± 0.052, <em>P</em> = 0.019) and with monocyte and neutrophil activation (e.g., classic monocyte CD11b β = −0.153 ± 0.055, <em>P</em> = 0.030; neutrophil CD11b β = −0.122 ± 0.051, <em>P</em> = 0.049). The refined grain score was inversely associated with percent NK-T cells (β =−0.171 ± 0.058, <em>P</em> = 0.037), IL-10 production by T cells (β = −0.204 ± 0.057, <em>P</em> = 0.0039), and positively associated with plasma soluble CD14 (β = 0.220 ± 0.059, <em>P</em> = 0.0041). The total dairy score was positively associated with production of multiple cytokines by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells [e.g., interleukin (IL)-1β β = 0.182 ± 0.054, <em>P</em> = 0.0066].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adjustment for VFMI decreased the association of HEI-2015 with inflammation, consistent with the known role of adiposity in mediating effects of poor diet on inflammation. This study also identified component scores associated with various aspects of immune activation that bear further study to clarify possible health benefits.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT02367287<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 994-1004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Alkylresorcinols Is an Objective Biomarker for Gluten Intake in Young Children","authors":"Elin M Hård af Segerstad ,&nbsp;Emelie Ericson-Hallström ,&nbsp;Anna Bokström ,&nbsp;Marina Armeni ,&nbsp;Otto Savolainen ,&nbsp;Carin Andrén Aronsson","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alkylresorcinols are a well-established biomarker for whole-grain intake. There is evidence suggesting that total plasma alkylresorcinol concentration may also be used as a biomarker for gluten intake in adults.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate if total alkylresorcinol concentration is a valid biomarker for gluten intake in young children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nonfasting plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations were analyzed by normal-phase ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 65 children aged 18 mo included in a randomized controlled trial. The intervention group was following a gluten-free diet (<em>n</em> = 21, 31.3%), whereas the diet was unrestricted in the control group (<em>n</em> = 44, 65.7%). Alkylresorcinol concentrations in the 65 children were validated against simultaneously collected 3-d food records estimating total gluten intake.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Gluten intake in controls was median 5.8 grams/d (IQR: 2.8–9.4, max 17.1) compared with 0.0 g/d (IQR: 0.0–0.0, max 0.7, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) in the intervention group. In the control group, wheat accounted for mean 85% (SD: 0.1) of the gluten intake. The intervention group had lower alkylresorcinol levels (median: 7.2 nmol/L; IQR: 4.0–10.5) compared with controls (median: 269; IQR: 116–505 nmol/L, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The correlation between alkylresorcinol concentrations and gluten intake was ρ = 0.68 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Alkylresorcinol concentrations increased by 35.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 25.9, 46.2, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001] for every g/d increase of gluten intake. The Cohen’s weighted kappa between quartiles of alkylresorcinol and gluten intake was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.86).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Alkylresorcinol concentrations increased with gluten intake in young nonfasting children. The findings suggest that alkylresorcinol concentrations may be a useful biomarker for gluten intake in young children.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT03562221.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 985-993"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Sugar-Sweetened, Artificially Sweetened, and Unsweetened Coffee Consumption with Chronic Liver Disease and Liver-Related Events: A Large Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Yifei Li ,&nbsp;Peiting Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuqing Deng ,&nbsp;Chao Yu ,&nbsp;Xuechen Chen ,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu ,&nbsp;Qiaoqiao Yang ,&nbsp;Jingcheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Xu Chen ,&nbsp;Hongliang Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous observational studies have not reached an agreement on the association between coffee consumption and risk of liver diseases. Also, none of these studies took sweetener added in coffee into consideration.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aim to explore the associations of consumption of sweetened and unsweetened coffee with chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver-related events (LREs), and evaluate the degree to which sweetener added counteracted the effect of coffee.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a longitudinal cohort study of 170,044 participants without liver diseases or cancer at baseline investigation (2006–2010) and followed until 2022. Consumption of coffee and sweetener was assessed by 24-h dietary recall questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median follow-up of 12.4 y, we identified 4152 incident of CLD and 853 LREs. Compared with nonconsumers, unsweetened coffee consumers of various amount had lower risk of CLD (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.83 for 1.5∼2.5 drinks/d) and LREs (HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.80 for 2.5∼3.5 drinks/d) in the multivariable Cox models. U-shaped associations of unsweetened coffee with CLD and LREs were observed. The results for sweetened coffee were less consistent and conclusive in both CLD and LREs. We detected positive associations between sweetener and CLD and LREs. Compared with unsweetened coffee consumers, consumers of different amount of sugar added to coffee had higher risk of CLD in the multivariable Cox model. For artificial sweetener, a significant higher risk of CLD (HR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.05)and LREs (HR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.98) was only found in those who added ≥2 teaspoons/drink. We detected significant interaction between artificial sweetener and coffee intake on the risk of CLD (HR for product term: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.96; <em>P =</em> 0.018; relative excess risk due to interaction: −0.32; 95% CI: −0.58, −0.06).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Moderate consumption of unsweetened coffee was associated with lower risk of CLD and LREs. Adding sweetener into coffee could bring additional risk of liver diseases in coffee consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 975-984"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Pesticide Residue Exposure from Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Ovarian Reserve","authors":"Maryam Kazemi ,&nbsp;Yu-Han Chiu ,&nbsp;Makiko Mitsunami ,&nbsp;Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón ,&nbsp;Russ Hauser ,&nbsp;Irene Souter ,&nbsp;Jorge Chavarro ,&nbsp;for the EARTH Study Team","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We previously reported that the intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) known to have high-pesticide contamination in the United States food supply is related to lower sperm counts. Whether the same is true for ovarian reserve is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We evaluated the relation between FV intake, overall and when taking into consideration pesticide residue status, with the markers of ovarian reserve among reproductive-aged females.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were 633 females, 21–45 y, presenting to an academic fertility center. We combined surveillance data from the United States Department of Agriculture and self-reported food intake data to characterize exposure to pesticide residues through FV intake. Poisson and linear regression were used to evaluate associations of high-pesticide residue, low-pesticide residue, and total FV intake with markers of ovarian reserve (antral follicle count [AFC], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH]) adjusting for potential confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was no association of FV intake, overall or according to pesticide residue status, with day 3 FSH or AMH concentrations in multivariable-adjusted models. Regardless of pesticide residue status, FV intake was inversely related to AFC in these models. This pattern was magnified among females who had had a fertility evaluation before joining the study (<em>n</em> = 508). Among females who had not had a fertility evaluation before joining the study (<em>n</em> = 103), however, there were diverging patterns of association for high- and low-pesticide residue FV intake and markers of ovarian reserve. In this group, day 3 FSH was 71.6% (95% confidence interval: 39.5%, 111.2%) higher among females in the highest quintile of high-pesticide residue FV intake than among females in the lowest quintile (<em>P</em>-trend &lt;0.001). Low-pesticide residue and total FV intake were unrelated to day 3 FSH in this group, with differences between top and bottom quintile of intake of –8.3% (–25.8%, 13.3%) and 7.5% (–13.8%, 34.0%), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High-pesticide residue FV intake may be related to lower ovarian reserve among females without a history of infertility treatment. Replication in populations with larger sample sizes and less susceptible to reverse causation is important.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 957-967"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Daily Sesame Consumption and the Risk of Sarcopenia in Elderly Adults: The Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study","authors":"Sizhen Lai ,&nbsp;Xinzhe Xu ,&nbsp;Liyuan Fu ,&nbsp;Yeqing Gu ,&nbsp;Ge Meng ,&nbsp;Xuehui Wu ,&nbsp;Dandan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yinxiao Chen ,&nbsp;Dongli Wang ,&nbsp;Yaxiao Wang ,&nbsp;Lirui Jiao ,&nbsp;Hao Geng ,&nbsp;Jinjin Zhang ,&nbsp;Di Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Yu ,&nbsp;Hongmei Wu ,&nbsp;Kaijun Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sarcopenia is an age-related, progressive, and systemic skeletal muscle disorder that can lead to numerous adverse outcomes. Animal studies have shown that sesame can enhance skeletal muscle blood flow and improve physical performance. However, no studies have yet explored the association between sesame consumption and the incidence of sarcopenia in the general population.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to clarify the association between daily sesame consumption and the risk of sarcopenia in a cohort of Chinese elderly aged 60 y and over.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cohort study was conducted in Tianjin, China, involving 3017 elderly participants (1270 men). Sesame consumption frequency was assessed using a validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Sarcopenia was defined according to the consensus of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between daily sesame consumption and the risk of sarcopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After adjusting for potential confounders (age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, marital status, educational level, personal history of diseases, depressive state, total energy intake, and dietary patterns), the multivariable hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval for sarcopenia among the elderly with different levels of daily sesame consumption were as follows: almost never consuming sesame (reference value), ≤1 time/wk: 1.06 (0.81, 1.39), and ≥2–3 times/wk: 0.62 (0.46, 0.84), respectively (<em>P</em> values &lt;0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study indicates that daily sesame consumption in the elderly aged 60 y and over is associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia. Further research is needed to explore the causal mechanisms underlying this association.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 756-763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Meal Timing in Appetitive Responses to Acute Exercise in Adolescents with and without Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Halim Moore ,&nbsp;Alicia Fillon ,&nbsp;Kristine Beaulieu ,&nbsp;Bruno Pereira ,&nbsp;Vicky Drapeau ,&nbsp;Marie-Eve Mathieu ,&nbsp;David Thivel","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Physical activity has been shown to improve various aspects of metabolic health and is frequently applied as an intervention in the management and prevention of overweight/obesity. Chrono-exercise can be studied in relation to time of day and timing in relation to a meal, which encompasses chronology and duration of the temporal interval, but the latter has received limited attention to date. This brief review and meta-analysis investigates whether the timing of a meal subsequent to acute exercise in children and adolescents with and without overweight/obesity moderates eating behavior and appetite. A quantitative synthesis of 28 controlled trials with 51 distinct conditions (<em>N</em> = 575; median sample size = 15, median age = 13 y, <em>n</em> = 297 overweight/obesity) was performed using multilevel random-effects meta-regressions and restricted splines to test the linear and nonlinear relationships between mean differences in energy intake between exercise and control conditions and the duration of the exercise-test meal interval, and if this moderated by participant weight status or exercise characteristics (i.e., intensity, duration, and method). Commencement of meals occurred from immediately to 3 h after cessation of exercise (median = 30 min, interquartile range = 8 min). The meal interval was not associated with effect sizes overall in the linear and spline analysis (<em>ps</em> = 0.576 and 0.971, respectively). Although there was only an interaction with weight status present in the linear analysis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), the meal interval significantly moderated effect sizes within-study arms with lean participants (<em>p</em>s = 0.006 and 0.019, respectively), but not in those with overweight/obesity (<em>p</em>s = 0.070 and 0.620, respectively) in both analyses. Exercise characteristics did not have an impact on this relationship. Taken together, prescriptions for meal timing may depend on the individual phenotype when seeking to optimize potential anorexigenic effects of acute exercise.</div><div>This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021287838. (<span><span>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=287838</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 719-728"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumption of Sodium and Its Ratio to Potassium in Relation to All-Cause, Cause-Specific, and Premature Noncommunicable Disease Mortality in Middle-Aged Japanese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Ribeka Takachi ,&nbsp;Marina Yamagishi ,&nbsp;Atsushi Goto ,&nbsp;Manami Inoue ,&nbsp;Taiki Yamaji ,&nbsp;Motoki Iwasaki ,&nbsp;Kazumasa Yamagishi ,&nbsp;Hiroyasu Iso ,&nbsp;Shoichiro Tsugane ,&nbsp;Norie Sawada ,&nbsp;JPHC Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Reducing premature noncommunicable disease (NCD) mortality is a global challenge. Sodium is thought to increase risk of NCDs via an effect of salt per se or high-salt foods on hypertension-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) and gastrointestinal cancer. Further, relative risk of CVD is reportedly more closely associated with sodium-to-potassium ratio than that with sodium alone. However, few studies have investigated the effect of consumption of sodium or its ratio to consumption of potassium on risk of premature NCD death.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examined associations between intake of sodium and sodium-to-potassium ratio and risk of all-cause and cause-specific death, including premature NCD, in a Japanese prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>During 1995–1998, a validated food frequency questionnaire was administered in 11 areas to 83,048 men and women aged 45–74 y. During 1,587,901 person-years of follow-up until the end of 2018, 17,727 all-cause deaths and 3555 premature NCD deaths were identified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher sodium intake was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause and premature NCD mortality, but not all NCD mortality, among men: multivariate hazards ratios for the highest compared with lowest quintiles (HR) were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.20; <em>P</em>-trend &lt; 0.01) for all-cause and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.47; <em>P</em>-trend &lt; 0.01) for premature NCD mortality. When intakes were expressed as ratio to potassium intake, these associations (HR of all-cause: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11-1.27; <em>P</em>-trend &lt; 0.01; HR of premature NCD: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.46; <em>P</em>-trend &lt; 0.01), including associations with cancers (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.31; <em>P</em>-trend = 0.02), were strengthened in men.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This prospective cohort study showed that both sodium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio are associated with increased risk of all-cause and early NCD mortality in middle-aged men.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 945-956"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Plasma Choline Levels Are Positively Correlated with Maternal and Placental Phospholipid-DHA Content in Females with Obesity Who Receive DHA Supplementation","authors":"Ellen C Francis ,&nbsp;Jerad H Dumolt ,&nbsp;Karin Zemski-Berry ,&nbsp;Thomas Jansson ,&nbsp;Theresa L Powell","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity are characterized by metabolic differences affecting placental nutrient transport and fetal development. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is critical for fetal brain development and is primarily incorporated into phosphatidylcholine (PC). Recent evidence suggests that choline may enhance PC-DHA synthesis; however, data on the impact of maternal plasma choline on placental phospholipid DHA content in females with obesity are limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a secondary analysis of a DHA supplementation trial (800 mg/d) in 38 pregnant females with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m²). Blood samples at 36 wk gestation and term placentas were analyzed for phospholipids using mass spectrometry. Choline transporter-like (CTL) proteins in the syncytiotrophoblast microvillous (MVM) and basal plasma membranes were quantified by Western blot.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Daily DHA supplementation from 25 wk gestation was associated with higher maternal plasma and placental PC- and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA. A significant interaction (<em>P</em> interaction &lt;0.05) between DHA supplementation and choline indicated that higher choline enhanced the incorporation of DHA into plasma PC. MVM CTL-1 expression was correlated with placental total PC-DHA and LPC-DHA content, suggesting that CTL-1 has a predominate role in placental choline uptake and phospholipid synthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that choline may influence maternal PC- and LPC-DHA synthesis and plasma levels, as well as the expression of placental choline transporters and the resulting PC- and LPC-DHA content in females with obesity. These relationships may have implications for DHA transport to the fetus and overall fetal development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 880-889"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}