Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"A Critical Perspective on Statistical Issues in Estimating Nutrient Bioavailability in Animal Bioassays","authors":"Mehran Mehri,&nbsp;Mahmoud Ghazaghi,&nbsp;Mohammad Rokouei","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing nutrients’ relative bioavailability value (RBV) in poultry nutrition has been a prominent subject in the scientific literature for several decades. This method of nutritional evaluation is commonly used to appraise emerging sources of trace minerals and amino acid chelates. References outlining the method for estimating RBV have been available since the 1970s. However, a simplified approach to RBV estimation using the slope-ratio method without preceding statistical considerations to ensure validity and meet fundamental requirements may yield misleading conclusions. Using the slope-ratio method, which involves dividing the regression slope of the test ingredient by that of the reference, can cause uncertainties regarding statistical significance if the model’s probability is reported without confidence intervals (CIs) for the RBV estimates. Despite longstanding criticism regarding the misinterpretation and improper use of statistical tests and CIs, these issues persist in estimating RBV using the slope-ratio method. An additional concern is that the misuse of the slope-ratio method and the application of inappropriate statistical analyses can lead to the underestimation of the RBV of nutrients in poultry species. This means that improper application of these methods can cause inaccurately low RBV values, affecting the assessment of nutrient effectiveness. This review addresses the potential pitfalls in peer-reviewed articles within this field, with a particular focus on zinc bioavailability through a reevaluation of RBV data in broilers, laying hens, and honeybees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3544-3553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A History of the Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in the Americas: A Dramatic Achievement and Lessons Learned","authors":"Eduardo A Pretell ,&nbsp;Elizabeth N Pearce","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate cell metabolism, growth, and development. Although iodine deficiency (ID) causes adverse health effects across the lifespan, it is particularly problematic in pregnancy, when it can lead to irreversible fetal brain damage. A high prevalence of severe ID, manifesting as endemic goiter and cretinism, predated the arrival of European explorers in the Americas. Early 20th century surveys showed that most countries in the Western Hemisphere had regions with a goiter prevalence &gt;50%. In North America, the introduction of iodized salt led to the elimination of ID by the 1950s. Although most Latin American countries passed laws mandating salt iodization in the 1950s–1960s, initial programs met with limited success because laws were unenforced, monitoring was absent, and the importance of iodine nutrition was inadequately communicated. A renewed interest in ID prevention arose in the 1970s–1980s, when 3 Andean countries were the first in Latin America to implement effective salt iodization programs. Over the last 3 decades there has been a stronger political commitment to ID prevention across the region, alignment with the broader nutrition and development agenda, and a widespread recognition of optimal iodine nutrition as a fundamental human right. Currently, 92% of households in Latin America consume adequately iodized salt, and urinary iodine concentrations in schoolchildren reflect optimal iodine nutrition across the region. However, additional work remains. It is essential to ensure ongoing government commitment; to monitor population iodine status and the production, quality, and household consumption of iodized salt; and to maintain advocacy and communication strategies. Universal salt iodization programs must be harmonized with efforts to reduce salt intake for cardiovascular disease prevention. Ensuring optimal iodine nutrition in pregnant women, who may remain deficient even when intakes in schoolchildren are optimized, requires particular attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3856-3867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Extracts and ω-3 Improve Short-Term Memory and Modulate the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in D-galactose Model Mice","authors":"Marie Martin ,&nbsp;Milan Boulaire ,&nbsp;Céline Lucas ,&nbsp;Adrien Peltier ,&nbsp;Line Pourtau ,&nbsp;David Gaudout ,&nbsp;Sophie Layé ,&nbsp;Véronique Pallet ,&nbsp;Corinne Joffre ,&nbsp;Anne-Laure Dinel","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Aging, characterized by a slow and progressive alteration of cognitive functions, is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, low-grade chronic inflammation, as well as increased oxidative stress and neurofunctional alterations. Some nutrients, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and omega (ω)-3 (n–3), are good candidates to prevent age-related cognitive decline, because of their immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to demonstrate the preventive effect of a combination of plant extracts (PE) containing Memophenol™ (grapes and blueberries polyphenols) and a patented saffron extract (saffron carotenoids and safranal) and ω-3 on cognitive function in a mouse model of accelerated aging and to understand the biological mechanisms involved.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used an accelerated-aging model by injecting 3-mo-old male C57Bl6/J mice with D-galactose for 8 wk, during which they were fed with a balanced control diet and supplemented or not with PE and/or ω-3 (<em>n</em> = 15–16/group). Short-term memory was evaluated by Y-maze test, following analyses of hippocampal and intestinal RNA expressions, brain fatty acid and oxylipin amounts, and gut microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing). Statistical analyses were performed (<em>t</em> test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results showed that oral administration of PE, ω-3, or both (mix) prevented hippocampus-dependent short-term memory deficits induced by D-galactose (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). This effect was accompanied by the modulation of gut microbiota, altered by the treatment. PE and the mix increased the expression of antioxidative and neurogenesis markers, such as catalase and doublecortin, in hippocampus (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 for both). Moreover, ω-3 and the mix showed a higher ω-3 amounts (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and EPA-derived 18- hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) in prefrontal cortex. These changes may contribute to the improvement in memory.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that the mix of PE and ω-3 could be more efficient at attenuating age-related cognitive decline than individual supplementations because it targeted, in mice, the different pathways impaired with aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3704-3717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Protein in a Challenge Meal Does Not Alleviate Postprandial Impairments in Vascular Endothelial Function in Healthy Older Adults with Cardiometabolic Risk: A Randomized Crossover-Controlled Trial","authors":"Laurianne Jolata Dimina ,&nbsp;Vincent Leray ,&nbsp;Marion Voute ,&nbsp;Jérémie David ,&nbsp;Christelle Blavignac ,&nbsp;Marie-Chantal Farges ,&nbsp;Adrien Rossary ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Tsikas ,&nbsp;Didier Rémond ,&nbsp;Gisèle Pickering ,&nbsp;François Mariotti","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Postprandial vascular endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of atherosclerosis. Meal protein has been reported to reduce endothelial dysfunction in adults, and the effect could be mediated by the amino acid content.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This trial aims to assess the effect of a specifically designed plant-protein blend that contains high leucine, arginine, and cysteine on postprandial endothelial function in the elderly.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a randomized, double-blind, 3-period crossover (2-wk washout), controlled trial, we compared the vascular effects of 3 high-saturated-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) meals containing either our specific plant-protein blend, or milk protein, or without added protein. The trial was conducted on 29 healthy adults aged &gt;65 y presenting ≥2 cardiometabolic risk factors. Postprandial vascular function was evaluated at fasting, 3 h, and 5 h postprandially, using brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD), hand microvascular reactivity (using Flowmetry Laser Doppler, FLD), and finger reactive hyperemia index (using Peripheral Arterial Tonometry, RHI). Immune cell count and gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were also assessed postprandially. Data were analyzed using mixed linear models with repeated measurements on participants for meal composition and time of sampling. This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04923555.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FMD incremental AUC value decreased after meals (time effect <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), with no significant differences between meals. RHI also decreased with time (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). PBMC count and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (<em>MCP1</em>), <em>IL-1</em>β, and <em>IL-6</em> expression increased after meals showing postprandial endothelial activation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Overall, meal composition had no effect on any of the postprandial changes (<em>Ps&gt;</em>0.10).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In healthy adults aged &gt;65 y presenting cardiometabolic risk, adding protein to an HFHS challenge meal does not mitigate postprandial impairments in vascular endothelial function and inflammatory activation. Further studies are needed to explore the potential differences with younger adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3664-3680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating in the Absence of Hunger Is a Stable Predictor of Adiposity Gains in Middle Childhood","authors":"Yashaswini R Bhat ,&nbsp;Barbara J Rolls ,&nbsp;Stephen J Wilson ,&nbsp;Emma Rose ,&nbsp;Charles F Geier ,&nbsp;Bari Fuchs ,&nbsp;Hugh Garavan ,&nbsp;Kathleen L Keller","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) is a behavioral phenotype of pediatric obesity characterized by the consumption of palatable foods beyond hunger. Studies in children have identified EAH to be stable over time, but findings are unclear on whether it predicts the development of adiposity, particularly in middle childhood, a period of increased autonomy over food choices.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We hypothesized that EAH would remain stable and be associated with increased adiposity over a ≥1-y prospective study in 7–8-y old children without obesity. Secondary hypotheses tested whether physical activity moderated the impact of EAH on adiposity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Children (<em>n =</em>72, age 7.8 ± 0.6 y; BMI% &lt;90th), in a 7-visit longitudinal study, had EAH, adiposity, and physical activity assessed at baseline (time 1 – T1) and follow-up (time 2 – T2). EAH was determined by measuring children’s intake from 9 energy-dense (&gt;3.9 kcal/g) sweet and savory foods during a 10-min access period after intake of a standard meal eaten to satiation. Adiposity was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with an outcome of fat mass index (FMI; fat mass/height in m²). Seven days of wrist-worn Actigraphy quantified moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>EAH had moderate stability across time points (ICC = 0.54). ICCs were stronger for sweet (ICC = 0.53) than savory (ICC = 0.38) foods. Linear regression predicting 1-y change in FMI (adjusted for income, parent education, sex, time to follow-up, T2 Tanner stage, maternal weight status, and baseline adiposity) found that both total and sweet food EAH at baseline predicted increases in adiposity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 for both). EAH and adiposity were negatively correlated among children with high MVPA and low sedentary time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings show that EAH is a stable predictive phenotype of increases in adiposity over 1 y among youth in middle childhood, although activity-related behaviors may moderate this effect. If replicated, targeting EAH as part of interventions may prevent excess adiposity gain.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>The data was obtained from the Food and Brain study with registration number: NCT03341247.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3726-3739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Vaccination and Human Milk Composition: A Multi-Omics Approach","authors":"Sneha P Couvillion ,&nbsp;Ernesto S Nakayasu ,&nbsp;Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Robertson ,&nbsp;Isabella H Yang ,&nbsp;Josie G Eder ,&nbsp;Carrie D Nicora ,&nbsp;Lisa M Bramer ,&nbsp;Yuqian Gao ,&nbsp;Alisa Fox ,&nbsp;Claire DeCarlo ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Yang ,&nbsp;Mowei Zhou ,&nbsp;Ryan M Pace ,&nbsp;Janet E Williams ,&nbsp;Mark A McGuire ,&nbsp;Michelle K McGuire ,&nbsp;Thomas O Metz ,&nbsp;Rebecca LR Powell","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via human milk-feeding is virtually nonexistent. Adverse effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination for lactating individuals are not different from the general population, and no evidence has been found that their infants exhibit adverse effects. Yet, there remains substantial hesitation among this population globally regarding the safety of these vaccines.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Herein, we aimed to determine if compositional changes in milk occur following SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination, including any evidence of vaccine components.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An extensive multiomics approach was taken using a subset of milk samples obtained as part of our broad studies examining the effects on milk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that compared with unvaccinated individuals, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with significant compositional differences in 67 proteins, 385 lipids, and 13 metabolites. In contrast, COVID-19 vaccination was not associated with any changes in lipids or metabolites, although it was associated with changes in 13 or fewer proteins. Compositional changes in milk differed by vaccine. Changes following vaccination were greatest after 1–6 h for the mRNA-based Moderna vaccine (8 changed proteins), 3 d for the mRNA-based Pfizer (4 changed proteins), and adenovirus-based Johnson and Johnson (13 changed proteins) vaccines. Proteins that changed after both natural infection and Johnson and Johnson vaccine were associated mainly with systemic inflammatory responses. In addition, no vaccine components were detected in any milk sample.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Together, our data provide evidence of only minimal changes in milk composition because of COVID-19 vaccination, with much greater changes after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3566-3574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Interindividual Variability of Vitamin A Concentration in Adipose Tissue of Healthy Male Adults","authors":"Mark Pretzel Zumaraga ,&nbsp;Charles Desmarchelier ,&nbsp;Beatrice Gleize ,&nbsp;Marion Nowicki ,&nbsp;Djaffar Ould-Ali ,&nbsp;Jean-François Landrier ,&nbsp;Patrick Borel","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adipose tissue vitamin A (VA), that is, mainly retinol (RET) and its esters, comes from preformed VA and proVA carotenoids present in our food. Adipose tissue VA acts as hormonal cue maintaining essential aspects of adipocyte biology, which includes fat mobilization and catabolism, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis, and it is thus of particular interest to study its determinants, including genetic ones.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to identify genetic variations associated with adipose tissue VA concentration.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-two healthy male adults received, in a randomized crossover design, 3 test meals. Periumbilical adipose tissue samples were collected on 6 occasions, that is, at fast and 8 h after consumption of each meal. RET concentration was measured in both plasma and the adipose tissue following saponification. Participants were genotyped using whole-genome microarrays. A total of 1305 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in or near 27 candidate genes were included for univariate analysis. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was carried out to find the best combination of SNPs associated with the interindividual variability in adipose tissue RET concentration.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adipose tissue RET concentration was not associated with plasma RET concentrations (<em>r</em> = –0.184, <em>P</em> = 0.28). Interindividual variability of adipose tissue RET concentration was high (coefficient of variation = 62%). Twenty-nine SNPs were significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) associated with adipose tissue RET concentration and a PLS regression model identified 16 SNPs as explanatory variables of this concentration. The SNPs were in or near peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma<em>,</em> retinoid X receptor alpha, signaling receptor and transporter of retinol, cluster of differentiation 36, free fatty acid receptor 4, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1<em>,</em> monoglyceride lipase, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2, and polycystic kidney disease 1-like 2.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A combination of 16 SNPs has been associated with the interindividual of adipose tissue VA concentration in humans.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT02100774.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3693-3703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to E Satter and B Lohse","authors":"Kathleen L Keller,&nbsp;Alaina L Pearce,&nbsp;Bari Fuchs,&nbsp;Barbara J Rolls,&nbsp;Stephen J Wilson,&nbsp;Charles F Geier,&nbsp;Emma Rose,&nbsp;Hugh Garavan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3854-3855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between Polygenic Risk of Obesity and Dietary Factors on Anthropometric Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies","authors":"Hannah Yang Han ,&nbsp;Guiomar Masip ,&nbsp;Tongzhu Meng ,&nbsp;Daiva E Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diet is an important determinant of health and may moderate genetic susceptibility to obesity, but meta-analyses of available evidence are lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze evidence on the moderating effect of diet on genetic susceptibility to obesity, assessed with polygenic risk scores (PRS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to retrieve observational studies that examined PRS–diet interactions on obesity-related outcomes. Dietary exposures of interest included diet quality/dietary patterns and consumption of specific food and beverage groups. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for pooled PRS– healthy eating index (HEI) interaction coefficients on body mass index (BMI) (on the basis of data from 4 cohort studies) and waist circumference (WC) (on the basis of data from 3 cohort studies).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 36 retrieved studies, 78% were conducted among European samples. Twelve out of 21 articles examining dietary indices/patterns, and 16 out of 21 articles examining food/beverage groups observed some significant PRS–diet interactions. However, within many articles, findings are inconsistent when testing different combinations of obesity PRS-dietary factors and outcomes. Nevertheless, higher HEI scores and adherence to plant-based dietary patterns emerged as the more prominent diet quality/patterns that moderated genetic susceptibility to obesity, whereas higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, and lower consumption of fried foods and sugar-sweetened beverages emerged as individual food/beverage moderators. Results from the meta-analysis suggest that a higher HEI attenuates genetic susceptibility on BMI (pooled PRS∗HEI coefficient: –0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): –0.15, 0.00; <em>P</em> = 0.0392) and WC (–0.37; 95% CI: –0.60, –0.15; <em>P</em> = 0.0013).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Current observational evidence suggests a moderating role of overall diet quality in polygenic risk of obesity. Future research should aim to identify genetic loci that interact with dietary exposures on anthropometric outcomes and conduct analyses among diverse ethnic groups.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews as CRD42022312289.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3521-3543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Ultra-Processed Food (UPF) Intake and Low Dietary Quality Are Not Synonymous - A Case for Limiting Most but Not All UPFs in Plant-Based Diets","authors":"Maya K Vadiveloo ,&nbsp;Christopher D Gardner","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3503-3504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}