Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Two a Priori Dietary Indices among Young Children in the Children’s Healthy Living (CHL) Trial: Validation and Association with Health Outcomes","authors":"Yurii B Shvetsov ,&nbsp;Ashley B Yamanaka ,&nbsp;Rica Dela Cruz ,&nbsp;Jean Butel ,&nbsp;Kristi Hammond ,&nbsp;Tanisha F Aflague ,&nbsp;Patricia Coleman ,&nbsp;Leslie Shallcross ,&nbsp;Travis Fleming ,&nbsp;Marie K Fialkowski ,&nbsp;Lynne R Wilkens ,&nbsp;Rachel Novotny","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Children’s diets affect multiple health outcomes. Dietary indices are a useful tool for quantifying the quality of the overall diet, but their performance may differ among children of different ages and in understudied populations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This analysis aimed to validate 2 dietary indices and examine their associations with physical body measures among 2–8-y-old children of the United States-Affiliated Pacific region.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected on children (<em>n</em> = 2359) from 5 jurisdictions of the children’s healthy living randomized control trial in independent cross-sectional cluster samples over 3-time points. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and dietary intakes were ascertained from 2 d of dietary records completed by caregivers. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020 and dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) scores were calculated using a simple scoring algorithm, their construct validity and performance were evaluated, and associations with nutrient intake, body measures, and obesity status were examined using covariate-adjusted means and unconditional logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We observed a wide range of variation in DASH (9–38 points) and HEI-2020 (10–94.7 points), clear separation of mean component scores by quintile of the total score, and multiple dimensions for each index. Significant trends in polyunsaturated and saturated fat were observed from the lowest to the highest quintile of HEI-2020 (12% higher and 21% reduction, respectively) but not for DASH. Significant differences by quintile of DASH and HEI-2020 were found for mean body mass index <em>z</em>-score among 6–8-y-olds and for waist circumference among boys and 6–8-y-olds. The odds of obesity exhibited statistically significant downward trends across quintiles of HEI-2020 among all participants and in all sexes and age groups, and across quintiles of DASH among all participants, boys and 6–8-y-olds.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We found that HEI-2020 is a better measure of dietary intake than DASH in this population of 2–8-y-old children of the United States-Affiliated Pacific region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1549-1559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oleuropein Supplementation Increases Resting Skeletal Muscle Fractional Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activity but Does Not Influence Whole-Body Metabolism: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial in Healthy, Older Males","authors":"Philippe JM Pinckaers ,&nbsp;Heather L Petrick ,&nbsp;Astrid MH Horstman ,&nbsp;Alba Moreno-Asso ,&nbsp;Umberto De Marchi ,&nbsp;Floris K Hendriks ,&nbsp;Lisa ME Kuin ,&nbsp;Cas J Fuchs ,&nbsp;Dominik Grathwohl ,&nbsp;Lex B Verdijk ,&nbsp;Antoine H Zorenc ,&nbsp;Joan MG Senden ,&nbsp;Eugenia Migliavacca ,&nbsp;Sylviane Metairon ,&nbsp;Laure Poquet ,&nbsp;Delphine Morin-Rivron ,&nbsp;Leonidas G Karagounis ,&nbsp;Graham P Holloway ,&nbsp;Jerome N Feige ,&nbsp;Luc JC van Loon","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The polyphenol oleuropein activates mitochondrial calcium import, which increases pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. Preclinically, this increase in PDH activity following oleuropein supplementation resulted in improved mitochondrial bioenergetics and fatigue resistance.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the effects of acute and chronic oleuropein supplementation on muscle energy metabolism, whole-body substrate metabolism, strength, and fatigue resistance in older males.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 40 healthy older males (60 ± 5y) received either placebo (PLA) or 100 mg oleuropein from 250 mg olive leaf extract (OLE) supplementation daily for 36 d. On day 1 and day 36, muscle and blood samples were collected, and indirect calorimetry was performed before and ≤120 min following supplement intake. Leg strength and fatigue were measured before and after 29 d of supplementation. Results were analyzed using analysis of covariance or robust analysis of covariance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>OLE ingestion on day 1 and day 36 increased plasma oleuropein metabolites (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). On day 1, no differences were observed in muscle PDH activity, mitochondrial respiration, or whole-body substrate metabolism 120 min after acute OLE ingestion. Ribonucleic acid sequencing revealed upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation gene pathways (false discovery rate &lt; 0.05), whereas PDH-Serine²⁹³-phosphorylation was higher after acute OLE compared with PLA ingestion (<em>P</em> = 0.015). Following chronic supplementation, fractional PDH activity was ∼25% greater in OLE compared with PLA (49 ± 14 compared with 38 ± 10%; <em>P</em> = 0.016) with no differences in absolute PDH activity and PDH-Serine²⁹³-phosphorylation between groups. Mitochondrial respiration and protein content, whole-body substrate metabolism, leg strength, and fatigue resistance were not different between OLE and PLA. Plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower after chronic OLE compared with PLA (<em>P</em> = 0.043), with no differences in other blood metabolic markers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Chronic OLE supplementation resulted in higher skeletal muscle fractional PDH activity in healthy, older males, which may impact resting energy metabolism. Acute or chronic oleuropein supplementation does not modulate skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration, muscle strength, muscle fatigue, or whole-body substrate metabolism.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05217433.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1373-1386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of Gut Microbiota-HIF1α Axis Effectively Restores Resistance to Aeromonas veronii Caused by Improper Administration of AiiO-AIO6","authors":"Hongwei Yang ,&nbsp;Rui Xia ,&nbsp;Tsegay Teame ,&nbsp;Delong Meng ,&nbsp;Shenghui Li ,&nbsp;Tiantian Wang ,&nbsp;Qianwen Ding ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Yao ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Xu ,&nbsp;Yalin Yang ,&nbsp;Chao Ran ,&nbsp;Yaqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengkang Li ,&nbsp;Benjamin Niemann ,&nbsp;Le Luo Guan ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Feeding adult zebrafish a diet supplemented with quenching enzyme AiiO-AIO6 (AIO6) for 3 wk improved the growth performance and disease resistance. However, when the feeding period was extended to 8 wk, zebrafish’s disease resistance to <em>Aeromonas veronii</em> decreased.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We investigated the mechanisms of the reduced disease resistance of zebrafish induced by feeding on an AIO6 supplemented diet for a long term (8 wk) and assessed the effectiveness of feed additives in restoring the low disease resistance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>One-month-old (adult) zebrafish were fed with a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with AIO6 (10 U/g) for 8 wk (experiment 1). Furthermore, the zebrafish larvae model (experiment 2) was developed and used to study the mechanisms of how AIO6 affected disease resistance (experiment 3). We also investigated the effectiveness of selected prebiotic tributyrin, β-glucan or mannan in activating gut microbiota- HIF1α to restore the low disease resistance of adult zebrafish fed with AIO6 for 8 wk (experiment 4). Lastly, the effects of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> in activating the gut microbiota-HIF1α and improving the low disease resistance of zebrafish larvae induced by AIO6 were examined (experiment 5).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Feeding adult zebrafish with AIO6 for 8 wk promoted growth but disordered the gut microbiota and reduced disease resistance. The zebrafish larvae model confirmed that feeding AIO6 for 2 d increased disease resistance, whereas 7 d decreased the resistance by suppressing HIF1α. Using a germ-free zebrafish larvae model, we also demonstrated that AIO6-induced gut microbiota mediated inhibition of HIF1α. Furthermore, zebrafish fed on the AIO6-containing diet supplement with tributyrin, β-glucan, mannan, or <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> activated the gut microbiota-HIF1α axis to reverse the low resistance caused by AIO6.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Activating the gut microbiota-HIF1α axis has a vital role in improving intestinal health and restores the low resistance to <em>Aeromonas veronii</em> caused by improper administration of dietary AIO6 in zebrafish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1429-1441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regular Consumption of Black Tea Kombucha Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with and without Obesity","authors":"Mirian Aparecida de Campos Costa ,&nbsp;Vinícius da Silva Duarte ,&nbsp;Gabriela Macedo Fraiz ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Rezende Cardoso ,&nbsp;Alessandra da Silva ,&nbsp;Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino ,&nbsp;Carolina Thomaz dos Santos D'Almeida ,&nbsp;Mariana Simões Larraz Ferreira ,&nbsp;Viviana Corich ,&nbsp;Bruce R Hamaker ,&nbsp;Alessio Giacomini ,&nbsp;Josefina Bressan ,&nbsp;Frederico Augusto Ribeiro de Barros","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Kombucha, a fermented beverage obtained from a Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast, has shown potential in modulating gut microbiota, although no clinical trials have been done.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to evaluate the effects of regular black tea kombucha consumption on intestinal health in individuals with and without obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A pre-post clinical intervention study was conducted lasting 8 wk. Forty-six participants were allocated into 2 groups: normal weight + black tea kombucha (<em>n =</em> 23); and obese + black tea kombucha (<em>n =</em> 23). Blood, urine, and stool samples were collected at baseline (T0) and after 8 wk of intervention (T8).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 145 phenolic compounds were identified in the kombucha, primarily flavonoids (81%) and phenolic acids (19%). Kombucha favored commensal bacteria such as Bacteroidota and Akkermanciaceae, especially in the obese group. <em>Subdoligranulum</em>, a butyrate producer, also increased in the obese group after kombucha consumption (<em>P =</em> 0.031). Obesity-associated genera <em>Ruminococcus</em> and <em>Dorea</em> were elevated in the obese group at baseline (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) and reduced after kombucha consumption, becoming similar to the normal weight group (<em>Ruminococcus</em>: obese T8 × normal weight T8: <em>P =</em> 0.27; <em>Dorea</em>: obese T8 × normal weight T0: <em>P =</em> 0.57; obese T8 × normal weight T8: <em>P =</em> 0.32). Fungal diversity increased, with a greater abundance of <em>Saccharomyces</em> in both groups and reductions in <em>Exophiala</em> and <em>Rhodotorula,</em> particularly in the obese group. <em>Pichia</em> and <em>Dekkera</em>, key microorganisms in kombucha, were identified as biomarkers after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Regular kombucha consumption positively influenced gut microbiota in both normal and obese groups, with more pronounced effects in the obese group, suggesting that it may be especially beneficial for those individuals.</div><div>This trial was registered at Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry – ReBEC as UTN code U1111-1263-9550 (<span><span>https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9832wsx</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1331-1349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA) for use in Samoa","authors":"Veeraya K Tanawattanacharoen ,&nbsp;Courtney C Choy ,&nbsp;Trevor J Anesi ,&nbsp;Amber Hromi-Fiedler ,&nbsp;Take Naseri ,&nbsp;Muagututia S Reupena ,&nbsp;Rachel L Duckham ,&nbsp;Dongqing Wang ,&nbsp;Nicola L Hawley ,&nbsp;Christina Soti-Ulberg","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Measuring food security accurately has implications for policies and programming designed to address both hunger and obesity risk among children.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to examine the validity of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA) for use in Samoa.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The ELCSA was administered verbally to 454 Samoan mothers who were participants in an ongoing longitudinal cohort study (the <em>Ola Tuputupua’e</em> Study). Internal consistency and construct validity were examined with Rasch modeling, which generated item severity and item infit statistics. Associations between food security and several cohort characteristics including maternal education, household income, and child dietary intake were examined to determine whether common associations present in the extant literature could be replicated. Face and content validity were explored through focus group discussions with <em>n</em> = 34 of the participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The ELCSA showed strong reliability and internal consistency and, with minor exceptions, participants clearly understood the survey questions. On the basis of Rasch modeling, the score thresholds for food insecurity used in the original tool are appropriate for use in Samoa. Many families in Samoa experience some degree of food insecurity, primarily driven by a lack of access to “healthy” foods, although extreme food insecurity was infrequent. The managed process of food insecurity is largely consistent with that found elsewhere, although uniquely protective factors such as continued subsistence farming and community food sharing mitigate the absolute lack of food for most families.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Samoan translation of the 15-question ELCSA has validity for use among nonpregnant Samoan women with children. Although there are unique protective factors, food insecurity should be continuously monitored in Samoa with efforts made to provide resources to families experiencing extreme food insecurity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1474-1484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet Quality Indices, All-Cause Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Dementia—Outcomes from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health","authors":"Briar L McKenzie ,&nbsp;Dominic Cavenagh ,&nbsp;Clare Collins ,&nbsp;Katie Harris ,&nbsp;Mark Woodward","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia are the leading causes of death for Australian women. Diet is a modifiable risk factor; however, extent of risk reduction by type of diet is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between indices of diet quality: Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS), Mediterranean diet food score (MDFS), and cluster analysis, with all-cause mortality, CVD, and dementia in women. A secondary aim was to investigate the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on the relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In total, 9584 participants from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) 1946–1951 cohort, with diet information from Food Frequency Questionnaires in 2001 and outcomes assessed at 2020. Five food clusters were identified using the K-means approach. Cox models were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality, CVD and dementia according to quarters of the ARFS and MDFS and by food group clusters, with final models adjusted for health status, behaviors and SES.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 656 deaths, 1585 incidents of CVD and 165 dementia diagnoses during 17.2 years of follow-up. For all-cause mortality, HRs comparing the highest (best) to lowest quarter of diet quality were 0.60 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.78; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) for the ARFS, 0.64 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.87; <em>P</em> = 0.005) for the MDFS, and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.95; <em>P</em> = 0.02) when comparing a diet higher in protein intake and lower milk/yogurt intake to diets higher in discretionary foods and lower in fruit and vegetables. There were no associations between diet indices with CVD and dementia outcomes or influence of SES on findings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Better quality diets were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, and there were no associations identified between diet and CVD or dementia outcomes. These findings provide insights into the potential benefits of improving diet quality of Australian women to improve longevity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1508-1519"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Early Adiposity Rebound in Children: A Case–Control Study of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study","authors":"Kento Sawane ,&nbsp;Ippei Takahashi ,&nbsp;Mami Ishikuro ,&nbsp;Hiroko Takumi ,&nbsp;Masatsugu Orui ,&nbsp;Aoi Noda ,&nbsp;Genki Shinoda ,&nbsp;Hisashi Ohseto ,&nbsp;Tomomi Onuma ,&nbsp;Fumihiko Ueno ,&nbsp;Keiko Murakami ,&nbsp;Naoko Higuchi ,&nbsp;Tomoko Tanaka ,&nbsp;Takashi Furuyashiki ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Nakamura ,&nbsp;Seizo Koshiba ,&nbsp;Kinuko Ohneda ,&nbsp;Kazuki Kumada ,&nbsp;Soichi Ogishima ,&nbsp;Atsushi Hozawa ,&nbsp;Taku Obara","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adiposity rebound (AR) is the point when the BMI begins to rise again during early childhood. Early AR (before age 5) is associated with higher risk of lifelong obesity and metabolic disorders and may be influenced by breastfeeding. Although human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk are crucial for child growth, their association with AR status has not been studied.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the association between breast milk HMOs and AR status in children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this case–control study, we included 184 mother–child pairs from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation (TMM BirThree) Cohort Study (93 AR cases, 91 controls). Breast milk was collected 1 mo postpartum, and the concentration of 15 HMO molecules and α-diversity index (Inverse Simpson index) were quantified. Wilcoxon rank-sum test and partial least squares-discriminant analysis identified candidate HMOs, and multivariable logistic regression analysis evaluated associations between candidate HMOs and AR status. Analyses were stratified by maternal secretor status (secretor or nonsecretor).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In secretor mothers, multivariable logistic regression showed that the inverse Simpson index [odds ratio (OR): 0.54; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.82), the sum of sialic acid–bound HMOs (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.91), and 3'-sialyllactose (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.98) were inversely associated with early AR in the fully adjusted model. A trend of interaction between sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose-a (LSTa) and maternal secretor status regarding AR was observed in the fully adjusted model (<em>P</em>-interaction = 0.051).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>α-Diversity, sialic acid–bound HMOs, and 3'-sialyllactose may involved in inhibiting AR in children of secretor mothers, and a trend of interactive effect between LSTa and maternal secretor status regarding AR is indicated. These findings offer novel perspectives on the associations between breastfeeding and a childhood adiposity as well as potential metabolic disorders later in life.</div><div>This trial is registered at <span><span>https://www.umin.ac.jp/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as UMIN000047160.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1498-1507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitual Dietary Collagen Intake Is Lower in Females and Older Irish Adults Compared with Younger Males","authors":"Christopher D Nulty ,&nbsp;Janette Walton ,&nbsp;Robert M Erskine","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Collagen ingestion reportedly benefits connective tissues, such as skin, bone, muscle, tendon, and ligament. However, the quantity of collagen intake in the diet of European adults is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate collagen intake in the habitual diets of Irish adults, and whether it differed according to sex and/or age.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted secondary analysis of the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey, which assessed typical dietary intake using a 4-d food diary in 1500 adults, aged 18–90 y. We categorized participants into 3 age groups: young (18–39 y, <em>n</em> = 630), middle-aged (40–64 y, <em>n</em> = 644), and older (≥65 y, <em>n</em> = 226) adults. Collagen composition of each individual food item in the database was determined by applying a percentage collagen value from analytical sources, allowing computation of collagen mean daily intake (MDI), collagen MDI relative to body mass, and collagen/total protein MDI. Differences in intakes between age groups and sexes were evaluated using physical activity level as a covariate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Collagen MDI for the entire population was 3.2 ± 2.0 g/d, representing 3.6% ± 1.9% total protein intake. Males had higher absolute and relative collagen MDI than females, regardless of age (4.0 ± 2.1 g/d compared with 2.3 ± 1.4 g/d, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), whereas older adults had lower absolute collagen MDI than middle-aged adults (2.9 ± 1.8 g/d compared with 3.3 ± 2.0 g/d, <em>P</em> = 0.021).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Collagen intake in the Irish adult population was considered low (relative to total protein intake and to dose–response studies), particularly in females and older individuals. Increasing daily collagen intake may therefore be warranted to optimize the health of collagen-rich tissues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1408-1416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘The Impact of Delayed Processing of Chilled Whole Blood Specimens on the Measurement of Nutritional Biomarkers in the United Kingdom National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme’,[J Nutr 154 (2024) 2818–2826]","authors":"KS Jones ,&nbsp;SR Meadows ,&nbsp;DA Parkington ,&nbsp;D Collins ,&nbsp;B Bates ,&nbsp;A Koulman ,&nbsp;P Page","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Page 1570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to Introduction of Iron-Rich Solid Foods Recommendations for Infants: An Analysis of Canadian Community Health Survey Data Using Cycles 2015–2018","authors":"Hope A Weiler ,&nbsp;Marcia Cooper ,&nbsp;Jesse Bertinato ,&nbsp;Kathryn E Hopperton ,&nbsp;Jennifer McCrea ,&nbsp;Huma Rana ,&nbsp;Yvette Bonvalot ,&nbsp;Lidia Loukine ,&nbsp;Carley Nicholson ,&nbsp;Shawn Brule","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Globally, guidelines on the introduction of solid foods to a breastfed infant’s diet emphasize the importance of iron-rich foods.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to report on adherence to Nutrition for Healthy Term Infants (NHTI) guidance on introduction of iron-rich solid foods first in infants living in Canada and to explore factors associated with adherence using disaggregated data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey annual cycles 2015–2018 from biological mothers delivering an infant in the past 5 y were used (<em>N</em> = 7253). Age at introduction of solid food and the type of first food were weighted and then categorized by breastfeeding history. Foods were categorized as typically iron-rich or not. Correlates of adherence were explored using logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most (65.8%; 95% CI: 63.7, 67.8) mothers introduced iron-rich solids first to their infant’s diet between 5 and 6.99 mo of age. The most common first iron-rich solid was infant cereal (66.1%; 95% CI: 64.3, 67.9). Mothers from rural areas had a higher odds of introducing an iron-rich food first. Lower odds were observed among those from the Western provinces and immigrants. Among those who exclusively breastfed for ≥5 mo (<em>n</em> = 3390), 62.3% (95% CI: 59.5, 65.1) introduced an iron-rich solid food first, of these 19.7% (95% CI: 16.9, 22.6) did so late (≥7 mo). Higher odds of late introduction of iron-rich foods in this subgroup were associated with mothers who were single, never married, were of lower education, immigrated &gt;5 y ago, and were of Black or South Asian race.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Most infants in Canada are introduced to an iron-rich solid food first at about 6 mo of age, indicating partial adherence to the NHTI guidelines. More efforts are needed to reinforce the importance of introducing iron-rich solid foods first in the diet of the breastfed infant at about 6 mo of age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1485-1497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}