Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Harnessing Artificial Intelligence and Precision Diets for Brain Health and Cognitive Resilience.","authors":"Mohammad Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan, Barun Kanti Saha, Mohammed A Satter","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smart neuronutrition represents an emerging interdisciplinary field at the intersection of nutritional science, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence (AI), to enhance cognitive resilience, mental well-being, and healthy brain aging through precision dietary strategies. This review critically examined the current body of evidence on the impact of dietary patterns and nutrients on neurobiological processes involved in cognitive decline, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalance, and gut-brain axis dysregulation. Neuroprotective dietary approaches, including the Mediterranean, Mediterranean dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay, DASH, and ketogenic diets, are highlighted for their anti-inflammatory effects, alongside specific nutrients- ω-3 fatty acids, B-complex vitamins, polyphenols, and microbiota-directed fibers-that have demonstrated benefits for memory, executive function, and emotional stability. Recent advancements in AI are driving the development of personalized nutrition tools that integrate multimodal data sources, including wearable biosensors, image-based dietary tracking, and machine learning models predicting cognitive trajectories. These technologies enable real-time nutrient monitoring, individualized dietary planning, and early identification of neurodegenerative risks. However, challenges remain in the validation, scalability, and generalizability of AI models, especially across diverse populations. Ethical concerns such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and transparency further emphasize the need for careful regulation and interdisciplinary collaboration. This review offers a comprehensive synthesis of smart neuronutrition, aligning biological mechanisms with digital innovations, and proposes future research priorities. These include the development of explainable AI systems, integration of microbiome and omics data, and implementation of standardized frameworks for clinical applications. By bridging neuroscience, nutrition, and AI, smart neuronutrition has the potential to revolutionize cognitive healthcare, offering scalable, precise, and equitable strategies to combat the rising global burden of neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential and Underlying Mechanisms of Punicalagin in Mitigating Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Diarrhea.","authors":"Xiang-Guang Li, Xiaowen Zhao, Jie Zheng, Changxiu Xian, Zhizhong Liu, Hanwei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Punicalagin is a well-studied polyphenolic compound with a wide array of pharmacological effects. This review summarizes its potential mechanisms of action along with the pathogenic implications and molecular pathways associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). One primary mechanism by which punicalagin exerts its effects is through antibacterial activity that suppresses ETEC proliferation and mitigates intestinal infections. It further promotes the growth of beneficial microbiota, including bifidobacteria and lactic acid-producing bacteria, thereby improving the symbiotic balance of the gut microbiome and bolstering resistance to ETEC colonization. In addition, punicalagin has been shown to inhibit the activity of ETEC, thereby enhancing intestinal mucosal integrity and fortifying the intestinal barrier. This action reduces the permeability of harmful substances, ultimately protecting gut health. Moreover, punicalagin has the potential to chelate metals, leading to various biological activities and applications. This positions it as a candidate for further exploration as a novel therapeutic agent or a raw material in health products. In conclusion, this study offers preliminary insights into the potential application of punicalagin in managing ETEC-induced diarrhea, highlighting its pharmacological efficacy. However, it should be emphasized that current clinical evidence supporting its effectiveness for this specific use remains limited and preliminary, requiring validation through rigorous clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144847092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Combination of Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation and Ileal Digestibility Methods in Growing Pigs to Assess Protein Quality of Cooked Millet.","authors":"Rhuan Filipe Chaves, Maíra Resende, Alyssa Paoletti, Mahroukh Rafii, Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli, Paul B Pencharz, Rajavel Elango, Crystal L Levesque, Glenda Courtney-Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Millet is an important cereal grain, consumed by one-third of the world's population. Hence, protein quality of millet needs urgent evaluation. The indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method was combined with ileal digestibility for this purpose.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of this study were to determine the ileal digestibility of amino acids (AAs) in millet and to include the novel combination of the IAAO method to compare the metabolic availability (MA) of lysine in millet in growing pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1) Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AAs were determined in cooked millet, in 6 ileal cannulated pigs assigned to 1 of 2 diets: hydrolyzed casein to establish endogenous losses, and a millet diet where the test ingredient was included at 65% as the sole protein source, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, 2) MA of lysine in cooked millet, was estimated in 8 pigs randomly allotted in a replicated balanced 4 × 4 Latin square design (4 diets and 4 collection periods). The MA of lysine was estimated by comparing the IAAO response to varying intakes of lysine in cooked millet, compared with IAAO response to L-lysine in the reference protein (crystalline AA) using slope-ratio analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SID and MA of lysine in cooked millet were 83% and 96%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide SID and IAAO estimates of MA in the same food assessed in the same pigs. The SID estimates are within ranges published by the National Research Council, and the IAAO-derived BA estimate for lysine is the same as previously published in humans. Thus, the IAAO method can be combined with SID in pigs to generate equations for correcting the dietary indispensable AA score.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric Digestion and Changes in Serum Amino Acid Concentrations after Consumption of Casein from Cow and Goat Milk: A Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Males.","authors":"Elise Jm van Eijnatten, Guido Camps, Wolf Rombouts, Linette Pellis, Paul Am Smeets","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In vitro studies show that goat milk proteins form less compact coagulates in the stomach compared with cow milk proteins, which may facilitate gastric digestion and amino acid (AA) absorption. However, this has not been confirmed in vivo in humans.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to examine gastric digestion and changes in serum AA concentrations after cow milk-derived (cow MC) and goat milk-derived casein (goat MC) ingestion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-blind randomized crossover study participants consumed 300 mL of a drink containing 30 g of cow MC or goat MC. Participants underwent gastric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at baseline and every 10 min ≤60 min postprandially. Blood was drawn at baseline and ≤4 h postprandially. In addition, participants verbally rated their appetite after each MRI measurement. Primary outcomes were gastric emptying and serum AA concentrations. Secondary outcome was gastric coagulation as inferred by image texture metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 18 males (age 26 ± 8.3 y, body mass index 23 ± 1.6 kg/m²) completed the study. Gastric emptying half-time was 80 ± 25 min for goat and 85 ± 24 min for cow MC (P = 0.395). In line with this, gastric emptying of the drinks over time was similar [mean difference (MD) 0.77 mL; 95% confidence interval (CI): -6.9, 8.5; P = 0.845]. Serum essential AA (MD -110 μmol/L; 95% CI: -162, -58) was higher over time for cow MC (P < 0.001). The image texture metric contrast was lower for cow MC (MD 0.010; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.020; P = 0.036).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cow and goat MC have different coagulating properties, as inferred by AA concentrations and supported by image texture analysis. However, overall gastric emptying and the emptying of the liquid and coagulated fractions were similar. This warrants further in vivo research on casein coagulation in the food matrix to help determine the optimal use for cow and goat milk and their protein fractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Intake of Animal and Plant Proteins and Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancer Mortality: Results from the Golestan Cohort Study.","authors":"Farideh Shiraseb, Abbasali Keshtkar, Hossein Poustchi, Akram Pourshams, Arash Etemadi, Farin Kamangar, Paolo Boffetta, Christian C Abnet, Khadijeh Mirzaei, Reza Malekzadeh, Maryam Hashemian","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for a significant global cancer burden, but the link between intake of proteins from different sources and GI cancer mortality is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined associations between the percentage of energy received from animal protein intake (API) and plant protein intake (PPI), and mortality from esophageal (EC), gastric (GC), colorectal (CRC), and pancreatic (PC) cancers in 42,323 participants of the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from a baseline food frequency questionnaire, hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated through Cox models, including isocaloric substitution analyses of API and PPI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 13.4 y of follow-up, 676 deaths from GI cancer occurred. We found no association between API and GI cancer mortality [HR_{Q5 vs Q1} = 1.023; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.626, 1.673; P_{for trend} = 0.976], and a positive association between PPI and overall GI cancer mortality (HR_{Q5 vs Q1} = 2.635; 95% CI: 1.368, 5.074; P_{for trend} = 0.005). We identified no association between API and EC mortality (HR_{Q5 vs Q1} = 0.711; 95% CI: 0.377, 1.746; P_{for trend} = 0.058), and a positive association between PPI and EC mortality (HR_{Q5 vs Q1} = 5.226; 95% CI: 1.888, 14.459; P_{for trend} = 0.001). BMI and wealth score modified some of these associations. There was no association between API or PPI and GC, CRC, or PC mortality. We observed a decreasing trend in percentage of energy received from fish protein (HR_{Q5 vs Q1} = 0.766; 95% CI: 0.585, 1.004; P_{for trend} = 0.038) and legume protein (HR_{Q5 vs Q1} = 0.760; 95% CI: 0.588, 0.982; P_{for trend} = 0.042) related to GI cancer mortality. In contrast, refined grains protein showed an increasing trend (HR_{Q5 vs Q1} = 1.472; 95% CI: 1.023, 2.117; P_{for trend} = 0.027).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the GCS, with refined grains as the main source of PPI, we observed a positive association between PPI and GI cancer and EC mortality. Future studies should focus on food groups simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Crosstalk of Lipids, Brain and Diet, and Their Potential Impact on Depression Development and Prevention Strategies.","authors":"Bruno Pinto, Inês Domingues, Helena Beatriz Ferreira, Tânia Melo, Maria do Rosário Domingues","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Among its various etiologies, dietary habits have been strongly correlated with both the risk and severity of depressive symptoms. Lipids, as essential biomolecules in the brain, play a vital role in maintaining its structure and function. Alterations in the brain lipidome have been linked to MDD and can be influenced by dietary lipid intake, including high-fat diets (HFDs), characterized by an increased intake of saturated, trans, and ω-6 fatty acids (FAs), and diets rich in ω-3 FAs. HFDs have been shown, particularly in animal studies, to 1) promote depressive behaviors, as evidenced by changes in behavioral tests, 2) increase oxidative stress, and 3) exacerbate depressive symptoms. Conversely, ω-3 FAs are critical for the proper functioning of neurotransmitters involved in mood regulation and relief of depression symptoms, reducing inflammation, increasing brain plasticity, and supporting overall brain health. Recently, algae have gained attention as a sustainable alternative source of ω-3 FAs, offering fewer environmental concerns compared with traditional fish and fish oil sources. This review highlights the significant role of dietary lipids in the onset and management of depression. Maintaining a balanced intake of ω-3 and ω-6 FAs is essential to preserving brain health and reducing the risk of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of Machine Learning in the Analysis of Macro and Micro-Nutrients of Human Milk: a Scoping Review.","authors":"Ameneh Arzheh, Memnun Seven, Carrie-Ellen Briere","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning, has significantly advanced the analysis of complex biological systems, including human milk-a vital source of nutrition for infant growth and development. Despite advancements, the application of machine learning for detailed nutritional profiling of human milk remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review systematically examines and synthesizes the existing literature on the application of machine learning to analyze and predict the macro- and micronutrient content of human milk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the Joanna Briggs Institute Methods Manual, a systematic search was conducted in November 2024 across 4 sources: MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus, and the ACM Digital Library. Eligible studies applied machine learning techniques to analyze and predict the composition of human milk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies published between 2021 and 2024 were included, employing cross-sectional (n = 4) and cohort (n = 1) designs. Sample sizes ranged from 6 to >1000 breast milk samples, collected through pumping, hand expression, or milk bank donations. A variety of machine learning algorithms were applied to predict and analyze human milk components. Models demonstrated strong predictive accuracy for macronutrients-particularly fat and protein-which consistently achieved low error rates and high R² values. Predictions for lactose and energy were also promising, though somewhat less consistent across methods. Only one study addressed micronutrient prediction, yielding moderate results and highlighting a critical gap in the literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Machine learning holds strong potential for advancing human milk research by improving nutrient composition analysis and uncovering associations with maternal and environmental factors. However, existing studies remain limited, particularly in the areas of micronutrient analysis and laboratory-based nutrient profiling. Future research should focus on larger and more diverse datasets, and adopt standardized methods to enhance reproducibility and unlock the full potential of machine learning for personalized infant nutrition and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nutritional Epidemiology Risk-Survival Paradox.","authors":"Raphael E Cuomo","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A foundational principle of nutritional epidemiology is that certain exposures, such as obesity, alcohol intake, and cholesterol, confer increased risk of chronic diseases. Yet growing evidence indicates that once diseases like cancer or cardiovascular disease are diagnosed, the same exposures may be associated with improved survival outcomes. This phenomenon, which may be considered a risk-survival paradox in nutritional epidemiology, challenges conventional dietary frameworks that assume continuity between disease prevention and disease prognosis. In this perspective article, I examine this paradox through a detailed analysis of 4 key exposures: obesity, alcohol, cholesterol, and antioxidant supplementation, restricted to cancer and cardiovascular disease. These 2 disease areas have the most extensive and methodologically diverse literature documenting risk-survival reversals and are responsible for the highest proportion of global mortality. Key limitations including reverse causation and survivor bias are summarized, and I conclude with a cautious statement that changes to current guidelines require further studies assessing causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of α-Linolenic Acid Intake on Skin and Blood Vessel Health and Subjective Fatigue in Middle-Aged Japanese Females: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Comparative Trial.","authors":"Nanaka Ando, Naohisa Nosaka, Chie Arai, Kazuhiko Kato","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>α-Linolenic acid (ALA) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Previous studies have shown its effects on skin, blood vessels, and subjective fatigue; however, most were conducted in populations with low n-3 fatty acid intake.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the effects of ALA on skin, vascular health, and subjective fatigue in the Japanese female population, which has a relatively high n-3 fatty acid intake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel trial enrolled 120 Japanese females aged 45-65 y. Participants ingested 1 of the 3 edible oil blends (0.97, 1.36, or 2.13 g/d of ALA) or placebo for 12 wk. Skin condition, vascular health and subjective fatigue were measured. Dietary effects were analyzed using statistical methods that accounted for multiplicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant diet effect was observed for the primary outcome, TEWL (P = 0.428 and P = 0.329, respectively). For exploratory outcomes, a significant diet effect was observed in skin hydration (P = 0.020). Intake of 2.13 g/d of ALA showed a trend toward higher change values than the placebo intake at week 12 (P = 0.054). Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity significantly decreased in all experimental oil groups compared with that in the control group (P = 0.008-0.068). Serum n-3 fatty acid concentrations, particularly ALA, were significantly higher in all experimental groups than those in the control group (P = 0.0002-0.035). No significant differences were observed between groups for subjective fatigue (visual analog scale: smallest P = 0.102; POMS2: smallest P = 0.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even in the Japanese population, which has a mean consumption of high amounts of n-3 fatty acids, it is shown that ALA intake can increase the concentration of n-3 fatty acids in blood serum and contribute to maintaining the health of blood vessels. In addition, in people of normal weight, ALA increased skin hydration and contributed to maintaining skin health. This study was registered at UMIN-CTR before the start of the study as UMIN-ID: UMIN000052677 (https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000060078).</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations among Human Milk Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Infant Sleep Patterns: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ana M Palacios, Dominick J Lemas, Bridget E Young, Erik Parker, Stephanie Dickinson, Nandi Marshall, Kelly L Sullivan, Haley Wilt, Michelle I Cardel, David B Allison","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infant sleep is critical for cognitive, emotional, and long-term health outcomes. Although diet-sleep relationships are established, limited research has explored how polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in human milk (HM) relate to infant sleep.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to examine associations between PUFAs in HM and sleep patterns in 2-mo-old infants exclusively fed with HM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional secondary analysis used data from a lactation cookie trial involving 131 parents of healthy, term infants. Participants provided a fasting HM sample and completed sociodemographic and Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire surveys. Multivariate linear models were adjusted for infant sex assigned at birth, weight-for-length z-scores, maternal prepregnancy body mass index, and daily feedings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants self-identified as 81.7% White, 13.3% Hispanic, with 25.9% reporting an annual income <US$45,000. Infants slept a mean of 14.67 h [standard deviation (SD) = 2.65]. PUFAs constituted 20.91% (SD = 4.47) of total milk fatty acids, with omega-3 and omega-6 comprising 1.75% (SD = 0.53) and 19.16% (SD = 4.09), respectively. Significant positive associations were observed between total sleep and omega-3 [B = 1.06, standard error (SE) = 0.47, P = 0.026], omega-6 (B = 0.14, SE = 0.06, P = 0.022), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (B = 1.10, SE = 0.53, P = 0.040), and linoleic acid (LA) (B = 0.15, SE = 0.06, P = 0.016). When sleep was partitioned into diurnal or nocturnal, greater omega-3 and omega-6, particularly ALA and LA, were significantly associated with increased diurnal sleep duration: (ALA, B = 1.11, SE = 0.39, P = 0.005; LA, B = 0.12, SE = 0.05, P = 0.009). No significant associations were observed with nocturnal sleep.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher HM proportions of omega-3 and omega-6, particularly ALA and LA, were associated with greater diurnal sleep in exclusively HM-fed 2 month olds. Further research is needed to explore underlying mechanisms and long-term developmental impacts. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04805008.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}