Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Advancing One Health.","authors":"Naïma Moustaïd-Moussa, Ismahane Elouafi, Ron L Cook","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee Consumption and Mortality among United States Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Bingjie Zhou, Mengyuan Ruan, Yongyi Pan, Lu Wang, Fang Fang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although coffee consumption has been associated with a variety of health benefits, it remains unclear whether the addition of sugar and saturated fat modifies these effects.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine the relationship between coffee intake, including the amount of added sugar and saturated fat, and mortality among United States adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018, linked to National Death Index Mortality Data. The study included 46,332 adults aged 20 y and older who completed valid first-day 24-h dietary recalls. Coffee consumption was categorized by type (caffeinated or decaffeinated) and by sugar (<2.5 g per 8-oz), and saturated fat content (<1 g per 8-oz). Mortality outcomes included all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality risk based on type, intake levels (nondrinkers, <1 cup/d, 1 to <2 cups/d, 2 to <3 cups/d, and ≥3 cups/d) and the amount of added sugar and saturated fat.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 9.3-11.3 y, a total of 7074 deaths occurred, including 1176 cancer-specific and 1089 CVD-specific deaths. Higher coffee consumption was associated with lower all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.89 (0.78, 1.02) for < 1 cup/d; 0.84 (0.77, 0.92) for 1 to <2 cups/d; 0.83 (0.75, 0.93) for 2 to <3 cups/d; and 0.85 (0.77, 0.95) for ≥3 cups/d; P-trend = 0.004]. However, the mortality benefits were restricted to black coffee [HR (95% CI): 0.86 (0.77, 0.97)] and coffee with low added sugar and saturated fat content [HR (95% CI): 0.86 (0.75, 0.99)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The health benefits of coffee consumption may be diminished when sugar and saturated fat are added.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Cognitive Outcome Through Nutrition and Health Markers Using Supervised Machine Learning.","authors":"Shreya Verma, Tori A Holthaus, Shelby Martell, Hannah D Holscher, Ruoqing Zhu, Naiman A Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Machine learning (ML) use in health research is growing, yet its application to predict cognitive outcomes using diverse health indicators is underinvestigated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We used ML models to predict cognitive performance based on a set of health and behavioral factors, aiming to identify key contributors to cognitive function for insights into potential personalized interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 374 adults aged 19-82 y (227 females) were used to develop ML models predicting cognitive performance (reaction time in milliseconds) on a modified Eriksen flanker task. Features included demographics, anthropometric measures, dietary indices (Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Mediterranean, and Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay), self-reported physical activity, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The data set was split (80:20) for training and testing. Predictive models (decision trees, random forest, AdaBoost, XGBoost, gradient boosting, linear, ridge, and lasso regression) were used with hyperparameter tuning and crossvalidation. Feature importance was calculated using permutation importance, whereas performance using mean absolute error (MAE) and mean squared error.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Random forest regressor exhibited the best performance, with the lowest MAE (training: 0.66 ms; testing: 0.78 ms) and mean squared error (training: 0.70 ms²; testing: 1.05 ms²). Age was the most significant feature (score: 0.208), followed by diastolic blood pressure (0.169), BMI (0.079), systolic blood pressure (0.069), and Healthy Eating Index (0.048). Ethnicity (0.005) and sex (0.003) had minimal predictive effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age, blood pressure, and BMI show strong associations with cognitive performance, whereas diet quality has a subtler effect. These findings highlight the potential of ML models for developing personalized interventions and preventive strategies for cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bile Acids Modulate Hepatic Glycolipid Metabolism via the Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis in Lambs.","authors":"Hailong Zhao, Daiwei Zhu, Yuyang Gao, Bing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bile acids are essential molecules that facilitate lipid emulsification and function as signaling molecules mediating host-microbiota interactions. They shape the gut microbial structure and function, playing a critical role in metabolic regulation via the gut-liver axis.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous bile acids, primarily hyocholic acid (HCA), on the microbiota-gut-liver metabolism in male Tan-lambs fed a high-grain diet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty six-mo-old male Tan lambs (Ovis aries) were randomly allocated into either a control group or an HCA-supplemented group (n = 15 per group). The trial lasted 84 d, including a 14-d adaptation period. On day 70, 6 lambs from each group were randomly selected for slaughtering. Rumen and ileal contents were collected for microbial profiling via 16S rRNA sequencing, and liver tissue samples were harvested for transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HCA intervention significant altered the composition and structure of ruminal and ileal bacteria. Notable increases were observed in Turicibacter species [linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score = 2.48; P < 0.05] and Muribaculaceae (LDA score = 3.75; P < 0.05) in the rumen, and Eubacterium fissicatena group (LDA score = 2.50; P < 0.05) in the ileum. Key hepatic genes and metabolites targeted by HCA were identified, including ENPP3, RFK, Ifi203, LIPG, CYP1A1, and CYP4A11, nordeoxycholic acid (log-fold change = 6.30; P < 0.005), α-muricholic acid (log-fold change = 5.60; P < 0.001), and β-muricholic acid (log-fold change = 5.60; P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exogenous bile acids regulate the microbiota-gut-liver axis, influencing hepatic glycolipid metabolism in sheep. Specifically, nordeoxycholic acid demonstrates potential as a dietary intervention to promote metabolic homeostasis in ruminants. These findings highlight the potential of HCA and nordeoxycholic acid as functional feed additives or prebiotic agents for improving metabolic health in ruminants and potentially other species.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Maternal Whole Blood Selenium with Cardiac Structure at 4 y of Age: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study.","authors":"Xiaowen Wang, Caifang Xu, Hualin Wang, Bowen Du, Qianchuo Wang, Zhuoyan Li, Zhikang Xu, Zhi Wang, Bo Wang, Fengxiu Ouyang, Jian Wang, Kun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, little is known about the relationship between maternal blood selenium levels and offspring cardiac structure.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the association of maternal whole blood selenium levels during early pregnancy with children's cardiac structure at 4 y of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Shanghai Birth Cohort, this study analyzed the data from 956 mother-child pairs. Multiple linear or logistic regressions and restricted cubic splines were used to explore the association of maternal whole blood selenium levels with offspring cardiac structure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Low maternal selenium levels were associated with increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness at systole [β = 0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06, 0.53], left ventricular posterior wall thickness at diastole (LVPWd) (β = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.31), and relative wall thickness (RWT) (β = 0.011, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.019) in male offspring. Moreover, maternal selenium showed a U-shape curve with left ventricular mass index (P for nonlinearity = 0.002), LVPWd (P for nonlinearity = 0.035), interventricular septal thickness at systole (P for nonlinearity = 0.006), and RWT (P for nonlinearity = 0.013) in male offspring. However, no significant association of structural changes was found in female offspring. Compared with offspring with medium maternal selenium levels, the increased risk of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (odds ratio = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.81, 9.45) was only found in male offspring with lower maternal selenium levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low maternal selenium levels were associated with cardiac structural changes and higher LVH risk in preschool male offspring, whereas no correlation was found in female offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiber for Thought: How Fiber-Based Microbiota-Modulation Can Impact Pediatric Brain Health.","authors":"Nina M Frerichs, Tim Gj de Meij, Hendrik J Niemarkt","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Dietary Phenolic Compounds and Biomarkers of Atrial Fibrillation Risk in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Longitudinal Analysis.","authors":"Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz, Alvaro Alonso, Ángel Alonso-Gómez, Dora Romaguera, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Linzi Li, Itziar Berrade, Lucas Tojal-Sierra, Marta Noris, Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós, Vicente Martín, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Montserrat Fito, Estefanía Toledo","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phenolic compounds (PCs) may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Examining relationships between dietary intake of total PC and atrial fibrillation (AF) risk biomarkers in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome may offer new insights about AF physiopathology.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This observational study aimed to analyze the relationship between total PC intake and serum concentrations of 5 AF-related biomarkers over 5 y in 566 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In participants with metabolic syndrome (mean age: 65.1 y; 40.4% women), the following blood biomarkers were measured at baseline and at 3 and 5 y: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP; atrial stretch), high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT; myocardial damage), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; inflammation), procollagen type 1 carboxy-terminal propeptide (PICP; fibrosis), and 3-nitrotyrosine (NT; oxidative stress). PC intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire and the Phenol-Explorer database. Changes in log-transformed biomarkers concentrations were evaluated with multivariable-adjusted mixed linear models. Sources of between-person variability in total PC intake were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 5 y, participants with moderate-high baseline PC intake (quartiles 2-4) showed a 39.5% (95% CI: 27.4%, 52.6%; P < 0.001) increase in NT-proBNP concentrations compared to a 20.5% (95% CI: 3.4%, 40.3%; P = 0.03) increase in the lowest quartile (P_{time × categories} = 0.04). When PC intake was updated over follow-up, moderate-high intake showed a 32.2% (95% CI: 19.5%, 46.2%; P < 0.001) increase in NT-proBNP compared to a 27.3% (95% CI: 6.5%, 52.1%; P = 0.004) in the lowest quartile, (P_{time × categories} = 0.02). Participants with moderate-high PC intake undergoing intensive lifestyle intervention showed smaller increases in hs-TnT than those with lower intake. Chocolate was the main contributor to between-person variability in PC intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results show that higher PC intake was associated with larger increases in NT-proBNP concentrations. In participants undergoing an intensive lifestyle intervention and higher PC intake, a lower increase in hs-TnT concentrations was found. Future research is warranted to better understand the role of dietary intake of PC in AF-related pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reshaping Chinese Agrifood Systems to Enhance Human Nutrition: A Scoping Review of Research.","authors":"Ting Meng, Jingjing Wang, Derek Headey, Shenggen Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food security in China has broadened to include achieving balanced nutrition and health while addressing resource and environmental burdens, mitigating climate change, improving livelihoods, and promoting social equity and welfare. This review aimed to explore how China has established the link among agriculture, nutrition, and multiple goals through a system approach over the past decade. A scoping review method was used to analyze the recent research trajectory in China, with a specific focus on research on agrifood systems and improved human nutrition in China from 2014 to 2023. The results show a shift in research focus from predominantly agricultural production to an emphasis on food consumption and diets, thereby providing an evidence base for transforming agrifood systems. Future research should explore how to promote this transformation through technological innovation, agrifood policy optimization, and in-depth stakeholder engagement to further improve human nutrition, although not compromising environmental goals of the agrifood system.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ferric Carboxymaltose on Pica among Pregnant Women in Malawi: A Substudy to a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Leila M Larson, Martin Mwangi, Rebecca Harding, Ernest Moya, Ricardo Ataíde, Glory Mzembe, Ashley Thurber, Sera L Young, Sabine Braat, Kamija Phiri, Sant-Rayn Pasricha","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pica is the craving and consumption of nonfood items, and includes the ingestion of earth, raw starch, and ice. Pica is common in sub-Saharan Africa, especially during pregnancy. Despite being ubiquitous, its etiology is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We leveraged the randomized trial of intravenous iron for anemia in Malawian pregnant women (REVAMP) to determine the effects of iron therapy, compared with standard-of-care oral iron, on pica among anemic pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>REVAMP was an open-label, individually randomized controlled trial, conducted in Malawi. A total of 862 pregnant anemic women in their second trimester were randomly assigned at baseline to receive either 1) a single dose of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) or 2) standard-of-care oral iron. Pica was assessed at baseline and 4 wk postrandomization by asking participants whether they had craved and consumed earth (geophagy), unripe mango (amylophagy), raw rice (amylophagy), ice (pagophagy), ash, charcoal, or chalk in the past 2 wk. Venous blood was collected for hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations. A longitudinal Poisson model was used to examine the treatment effect of FCM on overall pica and types of pica.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, the prevalence of any pica was 71.7%, and geophagy was 31.9%. Hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations improved following FCM compared with standard-of-care oral iron and were lower among participants with geophagy. From baseline to 4 wk post randomization, the prevalence of geophagy decreased more among women assigned to FCM compared with standard of care [FCM: 33.5%-12.9%, standard of care: 30.4%-22.3%, prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.53 (95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.72), P < 0.0001]. There was no evidence of a treatment effect for overall pica [FCM: 70.7%-57.3%, standard of care: 72.6%-63.0%, PR = 0.93 (0.83, 1.06)], amylophagy, or pagophagy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides causal evidence that geophagy is reduced by improvements in iron status and anemia during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12618001268235.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warfarin Treatment is Associated With Lower Postmortem Brain Vitamin K Concentrations in Older Adults.","authors":"M Kyla Shea, Erica A Israel, Xueyan Fu, Bryan D James, Puja Agarwal, Julie A Schneider, Sarah L Booth","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Menaquinone 4 (MK-4) is the primary form of vitamin K found in the brain. In rodent studies, treatment with the vitamin K-antagonist warfarin lowered brain MK-4 concentrations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>It is not known whether brain MK-4 levels are influenced by warfarin treatment in humans. To address this, we compared postmortem brain MK-4 concentrations in older adults treated with warfarin prior to death to older adults not treated with warfarin. We also determined the likelihood of having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia in warfarin users, compared to nonusers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from 381 autopsied participants, 76% female, mean (SD) age at death 92(6) y, in the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) in whom MK-4 was measured in 4 brain regions: the mid-frontal and temporal cortices, anterior watershed (AWS), and cerebellum. Brain MK-4 concentrations were compared between those treated with warfarin and those not treated, using linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and cognitive diagnosis at death. The association of warfarin use prior to death with cognitive diagnosis at death was evaluated using logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, education, and apolipoprotein E4 status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Warfarin users [n = 73, median (IQR) duration of warfarin use = 585 (479-656) d] had 68%-79% lower brain MK-4 concentrations in all measured regions, and the mean across all regions, compared with nonwarfarin users (unstandardized β -1.538 to -1.140; all P < 0.001, fully adjusted). The likelihood of having MCI or dementia, compared with no cognitive impairment, at death did not significantly differ between those treated with warfarin prior to death and those not [OR (95% confidence interval) for MCI: 0.82 (0.41, 1.62), dementia: 1.04 (0.57, 1.93), fully adjusted].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that warfarin treatment influences MK-4 concentrations in the human brain. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this effect and its clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}