Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Daily Consumption of a Fermented Milk Containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strain Shirota (LcS) on Stool Consistency in United States Adults with Hard or Lumpy Stools: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Chad M Cook ,&nbsp;Takuya Akiyama ,&nbsp;Traci Blonquist ,&nbsp;Eunice Mah ,&nbsp;Linda Derrig ,&nbsp;Hideyuki Shibata","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</em> strain Shirota (LcS) has shown benefits for stool consistency in populations with certain bowel complaints (e.g., constipation), but data in a United States population are limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study evaluated the effects of LcS on hard or lumpy stools (HLS) in an otherwise healthy population that generally represents the United States adult demographic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this randomized, controlled, open-label study, 50 participants (41 females, 9 males) with HLS in ≥25% of bowel movements (BMs) during a 14-d run-in period were randomly assigned to receive either 80 mL fermented milk containing 8.0 × 10⁹ colony forming units LcS/mL for 28 d (active group) or no intervention (control group) followed by a 14-d postintervention period. Bowel habits were recorded daily using a novel smartphone application. The primary endpoint was the presence of HLS in ≥25% of the participant-rated BMs using the Bristol Stool Form Scale over the 28-d intervention. Secondary endpoints included the presence of reduced frequency of BMs with HLS from baseline, stool frequency, straining, incomplete evacuation, artificial intelligence-derived stool image scores, and Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The active group showed a significantly lower proportion of participants with HLS in ≥25% of BMs [odds ratio: 0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14, 0.80; <em>P</em> = 0.014] along with a higher proportion of participants with a reduced frequency of BMs with HLS from baseline (odds ratio: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.03, 7.92; <em>P</em> = 0.043). The active group also demonstrated positive improvements in total PAC-QOL scores (<em>P</em> = 0.003).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Daily consumption of LcS-containing fermented milk significantly reduced constipation symptoms and improved quality of life in an otherwise generally healthy United States adult population with a history of intermittent BMs producing HLS. The intervention was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events related to the product, suggesting its safety and potential as a dietary strategy for managing constipation.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT06014008 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06014008</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1183-1192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honokiol, a Neolignan from Magnolia officinalis, Attenuated Fructose-Induced Hepatic Fat Accumulation by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function in Mice","authors":"Anja Baumann ,&nbsp;Verena Freutsmiedl ,&nbsp;Julia Jelleschitz ,&nbsp;Raphaela Staltner ,&nbsp;Annette Brandt ,&nbsp;Daniel Schachner ,&nbsp;Verena M Dirsch ,&nbsp;Ina Bergheim","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fructose (Fru) consumption has been suggested to contribute to metabolic diseases including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), at least in part, by disturbing intestinal barrier function and intestinal nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis. Honokiol (Hon), a neolignan found in <em>Magnolia officinalis</em>, has been suggested to affect intestinal integrity and barrier function.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We assessed whether Hon affects Fru-induced small intestinal permeability in settings of early MASLD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Female 8–10-wk-old C57BL/6J mice (<em>n =</em> 7/group) received either a 30% Fru solution + vehicle or plain drinking water + vehicle ± Hon (10 mg/kg bw/d) for 4 wk. Liver damage [e.g. nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS), number of neutrophils, interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein concentration], markers of intestinal permeability (bacterial endotoxin, tight junction proteins), and NO homeostasis in the small intestine were determined in vivo as well as ex vivo in an everted sac model and in Caco-2 cells. One-way and 2-way analysis of variance were performed, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hon diminished the development of MASLD, which was associated with a significant lower NAS (–38%), number of neutrophils (–48%), and IL-6 protein concentrations (–38%) in livers of Fru-fed mice. Hon also attenuated Fru-induced alterations of markers of intestinal barrier function with Fru+Hon-fed mice showing lower bacterial toxin levels in portal plasma (–29%, <em>P</em> = 0.075), higher tight junction protein concentrations (+2.4-fold, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and lower NOx concentration (–44%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) as well as NO synthase activity (–35%) in the small intestine compared with Fru+vehicle-fed mice. Moreover, the decrease in AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation found in the small intestine of Fru-fed mice was significantly attenuated (+5.3-fold) by the concomitant treatment with Hon in Fru-fed mice. In support of the in vivo findings, Hon significantly attenuated Fru-induced intestinal permeability ex vivo and in Caco-2 cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our data suggest that Hon diminished the development of Fru-induced early MASLD by alleviating impairments in intestinal barrier function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1173-1182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Necroptosis, Pyroptosis, and Ferroptosis in Porcine Intestinal Injury and Their Regulation by Nutrients and Bioactive Substances","authors":"Kan Xiao,&nbsp;Bei Zhou,&nbsp;Yulan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the early stages of development, piglets exhibit immature intestinal morphology and function, rendering them susceptible to a range of internal and external stressors, such as viral and bacterial infection, and mycotoxin exposure, which causes intestinal damage. The intestinal damage is characterized by various types of cell death within intestinal epithelium. The traditional cell death types have been categorized as necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, recent research has identified several forms of novel regulated cell death (RCD) such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. A growing body of evidence has underscored the pivotal role of necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis in intestinal damage in pigs. Moreover, intervention strategies have been shown to mitigate these 3 RCDs when pigs are exposed to excessive adverse factors. This review aims to elucidate the role of these emerging RCDs in intestinal damage and summarize current understanding of their regulation by nutrients and bioactive substances in pigs. Our goal was to provide future intervention strategies designed to alleviate intestinal damage in pigs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1108-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of Different Sourced Protein Intake, Quantity of Plasma Amino Acid with Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Chun Zhou ,&nbsp;Sisi Yang ,&nbsp;Ziliang Ye ,&nbsp;Panpan He ,&nbsp;Mengyi Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Gan ,&nbsp;Hao Xiang ,&nbsp;Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Jing Nie ,&nbsp;Xianhui Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The association of protein from different food sources and different plasma amino acids with risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to investigate longitudinal relationships of dietary protein intake from different sources and quantity of plasma amino acids with new-onset CKD in the general population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (mean age: 56 y) without CKD at baseline were included in the UK Biobank. A total of 176,980 were included in the analysis for protein intakes and 99,061 participants were included in the analysis for plasma amino acids. Information on dietary protein was collected based on a 24-h dietary recall from the previous day. Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured by a high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolic biomarker profiling platform. The study outcome was new-onset CKD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median follow-up of 12 y (beginning between 2006 and 2010 and ending in 2021), 3542 participants (2,128,626 person-year) developed new-onset CKD. Higher intakes of dairy-derived and fish-derived protein were associated with lower incidence of CKD [per standard deviation, SD increment, adjusted hazard ratio, HR (95% confidence interval, 95% CI): 0.95 (0.91, 0.98) and 0.95 (0.92, 0.99), respectively], but protein intake from other foods was not (<em>P</em>-trend &gt; 0.1). Moreover, incident CKD was lower among those with higher plasma histidine (per SD increment; adjusted HR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.95), tyrosine (0.90; 0.87, 0.94), isoleucine (0.89; 0.85, 0.92), leucine (0.89; 0.85, 0.93), and valine (0.89; 0.85, 0.93).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The protein intake from dairy and fish, as well as the concentration of plasma histidine, tyrosine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine, was inversely associated with new-onset CKD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1165-1172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score and Risk of Mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study","authors":"Tae Sasakabe ,&nbsp;Kenji Wakai ,&nbsp;Sayo Kawai ,&nbsp;Yingsong Lin ,&nbsp;Asahi Hishida ,&nbsp;Hiroyasu Iso ,&nbsp;Shogo Kikuchi ,&nbsp;Akiko Tamakoshi ,&nbsp;Japan Collaborative Cohort Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) may be effective for reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. However, its association with mortality remains unclear, especially in populations with higher carbohydrate and lower fat intake.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the association between LCD scores and mortality risk in participants from the Japan collaborative cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The analysis included 22,659 males and 35,192 females aged 40–79 y at baseline. A food frequency questionnaire was used to construct the LCD scores, which were further categorized into 3 types based on the fat intake source: animal, fish, and plant. The association between the LCD scores and total and cause-specific mortality was estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median follow-up period of 19.4 y, 10,835 deaths (5835 males and 5000 females) were recorded. For all participants, the overall LCD score was inversely associated with total mortality. The lowest hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.85 (0.78, 0.93) in the eighth decile (<em>P</em>-linear trend = 0.03). Fish fat-based LCD score had a U-shaped association with total mortality (<em>P</em>-nonlinear trend = 0.01). An inverse association was observed with CVD mortality (<em>P</em>-linear trend = 0.04 of overall LCD score; <em>P</em>-linear trend = 0.04 of fish fat-based LCD score). In females, there was an inverse association between the overall LCD score and total mortality. A U-shaped association was also shown for fish fat-based LCD score. The fish fat-based LCD score was inversely associated with CVD mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Moderate overall and fish fat-based LCD scores were associated with a lower risk of total mortality in the Japanese population. Fish fat-based LCD score had a significant inverse association with CVD mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1218-1225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Short-Chain Fatty Acids Supplementation Improves Reproductive Performance and Gut Microbiota in Gilts","authors":"Baoyang Xu ,&nbsp;Wenxia Qin ,&nbsp;Yuwen Chen ,&nbsp;Juncheng Huang ,&nbsp;Libao Ma ,&nbsp;Xianghua Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have emerged as critical modulators of female reproductive function and host gut microbiota.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary SCFAs supplementation on reproductive performance and gut microbiota in gilts, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighty gilts (95 d old) were randomly assigned to either a control group (Ctrl, 40 gilts) receiving a basal diet, or a SCFAs treatment group (SCFAs, 40 gilts) receiving a basal diet supplemented with 0.13% sodium acetate, 0.11% sodium propionate, and 0.09% sodium butyrate. At third estrus, 13 gilts (6 from Ctrl and 7 from SCFAs) were killed for follicular development and gut microbiota analysis, whereas the remaining gilts completed gestation for reproductive performance assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SCFAs group had higher total number born (11.97 compared with 9.44) and total number born alive (11.28 compared with 9.34) compared with Ctrl group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). SCFAs group had increased counts of secondary follicles (36.14 compared with 26.83), antral follicles (10.29 compared with 6.67), and corpus luteum (25.09 compared with 19.33), alongside had reduced atretic follicles (15.32 compared with 20.67) compared with Ctrl group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Proteomic analysis revealed that SCFAs-induced differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were significantly enriched in the follicular development-related pathways (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Apoptosis-related DEPs positively correlated with follicular development indices (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), consistent with the reduced apoptosis observed in ovarian granulosa cells of the SCFAs group. Additionally, SCFAs supplementation improved both the composition and alpha-diversity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) of gilts’ gut microbiota. Furthermore, both the SCFAs-enriched bacteria and plasma SCFAs concentrations showed positive associations with gilts’ follicular development indices (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Dietary SCFAs supplementation enhances reproductive performance in gilts by promoting ovarian follicular maturation and optimizing gut microbiota composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1089-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal and Infant Predictors of Human Milk Macronutrient and Energy Concentrations in Rural Bangladesh: An Observational Cohort Study","authors":"Krysten North ,&nbsp;Chloe Andrews ,&nbsp;Sophie Driker ,&nbsp;Salahuddin Ahmed ,&nbsp;Nabidul H Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Rasheda Khanam ,&nbsp;Tarik Hasan ,&nbsp;Sayedur Rahman ,&nbsp;Mandy Belfort ,&nbsp;Sara Cherkerzian ,&nbsp;Melanie Gao ,&nbsp;Abdullah Baqui ,&nbsp;Sarbattama Sen ,&nbsp;Anne CC Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human milk macronutrient (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) and energy concentrations vary based on maternal and infant factors and time postpartum.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the change in milk macronutrient and energy concentrations from approximately 2 to 5 months postpartum and identify factors associated with this variation among a lactation cohort in Bangladesh.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective observational lactation cohort in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh, we collected hand-expressed mid-feed human milk samples and analyzed macronutrient concentrations using mid-infrared spectroscopy. We used the Wilcoxon rank-sum test to compare macronutrient and energy concentrations between time points and mixed linear regression to determine associations between predictors [maternal body mass index (BMI), maternal mid-upper arm circumference, infant gestational age, and infant small for gestational age status] and repeated measures of milk macronutrient and energy concentrations in models adjusted for parity, nicotine, and wealth index.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We enrolled 99 participants. From visit 1 (∼2 mo) to visit 2 (∼5 mo), median milk protein concentration decreased from 1.4 g/dL [interquartile range (IQR): 1.1–1.6 g/dL] to 0.8 g/dL (IQR: 0.6–1.1 g/dL), median fat concentration decreased from 4.6 g/dL (IQR: 3.8–5.5 g/dL) to 2.8 g/dL (IQR: 2.1–3.7 g/dL), and median energy concentration decreased from 22.7 kcal/oz (IQR: 20.6–25.1 kcal/oz) to 17.5 kcal/oz (IQR: 15.6–19.9 kcal/oz). Maternal overweight status was associated with a lower carbohydrate concentration (2 mo—mean difference: −0.16 g/dL; 95% CI: −0.28, −0.03 g/dL; 5 mo—mean difference: −0.14 g/dL; 95% CI: −0.26, −0.02; reference = normal BMI).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The decline of protein, fat, and energy concentrations over time is a potential concern for Bangladesh’s vulnerable population of human milk–fed infants, as these nutrients have implications for infant growth and neurodevelopment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1151-1159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142922010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and Potential Toxicity of Bread Fortification With Vitamin D in General Population: A Predictive Modeling Study","authors":"Bahareh Nikooyeh ,&nbsp;Michael F Holick ,&nbsp;Zahra Abdollahi ,&nbsp;Hamid Rasekhi ,&nbsp;Maryam Amini ,&nbsp;Delaram Ghodsi ,&nbsp;Zahra Yari ,&nbsp;Samira Rabiei ,&nbsp;Ali Kalayi ,&nbsp;Maliheh Zahedirad ,&nbsp;Hootan Yazdani ,&nbsp;Marjan Rismanchi ,&nbsp;Tirang R Neyestani","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vitamin D fortification of bakery’s wheat flour, which excludes flours used for confectionaries and bulky breads, can be a suitable strategy to improve vitamin D status of the general population.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to generate a predictive model to anticipate the effectiveness and potential risk of vitamin D–fortified bread in different fortification doses in general population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To gather baseline data before implementation of flour fortification, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on a representative sample comprising 1051 subjects aged 7–65 y from 2 cities Birjand and Yazd. Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory assessments were performed for all subjects. The amount of bread consumption was estimated using a 24-h recall questionnaire. A simulation model was used to examine the impact of various fortification doses of vitamin D in bread on the proportion of both adults and children achieving sufficient circulating 25-hydroxycalciferol [25(OH)D] concentrations (&gt;50 nmol/L) and potential harm thresholds (&gt;375 nmol/L). The baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration data were used as a reference for comparison at each fortification dose. Circulating 25(OH)D between 27.5 and 50 nmol/L and below 27.5 nmol/L was considered as insufficiency and deficiency, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Substantial proportions of both children and adults fell into the insufficient (37.5% and 37.4%, respectively) and deficient (34.7% and 31.8%, respectively) categories. Our model showed that the fortification dose of 250 IU/100g bread could be an effective strategy for significantly improving vitamin D status in the general population. Higher doses, such as 500 IU/100g, results in &gt;70% of the population achieving sufficient 25(OH)D concentrations. However, starting at 400 IU/100 g bread, a very small percentage (0.1%) of the population could reach potentially harmful concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>By adding 250–350 IU vitamin D per 100 g bread, over half of the general population can reach to sufficient vitamin D status with no potential risk of toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1268-1277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinol Isotope Dilution Testing in Population-Based Surveys: Are We There Yet?","authors":"Sherry A Tanumihardjo","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1014-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to: Corticosterone-Induced Lipogenesis Activation and Lipophagy Inhibition in Chicken Liver Are Alleviated by Maternal Betaine Supplementation. J Nutr 148 (2018); 3:316-325.","authors":"Yun Hu ,&nbsp;Qinwei Sun ,&nbsp;Yan Hu ,&nbsp;Zhen Hou ,&nbsp;Yibo Zong ,&nbsp;Nagmeldin A Omer ,&nbsp;Halima Abobaker ,&nbsp;Ruqian Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1280-1282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}