Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Riboflavin Deficiency and Apoptosis: A Review.","authors":"Bo Zhang, Shuisheng Hou, Jing Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Riboflavin, commonly known as vitamin B₂, is an essential micronutrient critical for the function of flavoproteins, which utilize flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide as cofactors in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, redox regulation, and protein folding. Nutritional riboflavin deficiency (RD) has previously been observed in humans and animals, leading to adverse outcomes such as growth retardation, increased mortality, and liver damage, which may be attributed to apoptosis. Although such deficiencies are now uncommon because of improved living standards, certain high-risk groups (e.g. those with chronic diseases, the elderly, and pregnant) have increased riboflavin demands, making them vulnerable to physiological RD associated with apoptosis. Understanding the pathways through which RD induces apoptosis, including mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and reactive oxygen species, is essential for grasping its broader health impacts. Additionally, this deficiency disrupts fatty acid metabolism, potentially resulting in lipotoxic apoptosis. Despite its significance, RD-induced apoptosis remains underexplored in the literature. Therefore, this review will discuss the roles of redox imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lipotoxicity in apoptosis regulation because of RD, aiming to highlight its importance for improving riboflavin nutrition and overall health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability of Microbiota-Directed Complementary Foods in Treating Indian Children with Moderate Acute Malnutrition: eACT-MAM Pre-Proof-of-Concept Study.","authors":"Sam Marconi, Bireshwar Sinha, Aditi Apte, Midhun Sasikumar, Gunjan Aggarwal, Rashmi Chabukswar, Akshaya Vasudevan, Zavid Miyandad, Sowndharya Pandian, Pranita Shambharkar, Himani Bhardwaj, Girish Dayma, Dhiraj Agarwal, Sunita Taneja, Venkata Raghava Mohan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In India, currently, there are no standard guidelines for the management of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). Previous research in Bangladesh has shown that children with MAM have impaired gut microbiota development, and microbiota-directed complementary foods (MDCF) can potentially repair their gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to evaluate the acceptability and safety of supplementing shelf-stable formulation of MDCF in Indian children with MAM as compared with a locally prepared ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) in 3 geographically distinct Indian populations and to establish and pilot systems of intervention delivery, collection, transport, and storage of stool samples using stringent protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This pre-proof-of-concept (prePOC), multicentric, open-labeled, age-stratified, randomized controlled trial was done in children aged 6-18 mo with MAM. After a run-in period of 2 wk, the participants were supplemented with MDCF or RUSF for 4 wk through direct observation and followed up for another 2 wk post intervention. Maternal responses to the acceptability of the organoleptic properties of supplements were recorded weekly during the intervention phase of 4 wk. Compliance was reported based on the amount of supplement consumed by the children. Feasibility of weekly stool sample collection (except 7th week) within 30 min of passage was recorded. Anthropometric measurements were done at baseline and endline. Monitoring for adverse events was done throughout the course of the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 240 children with MAM were randomly selected to receive either MDCF or RUSF, of which 221 (92.1%) completed follow-up. The overall acceptability for >80% of the maternal responses was reported as good or very good for all organoleptic properties in both MDCF and RUSF arms. MDCF and RUSF interventions had good-to-high compliance in 83.0% and 79.8% of participants, respectively. At the end of the intervention phase, 53.2% (58/109) of children in MDCF arm against 42.0% (47/112) in RUSF arm had weight-for-length Z score >-2. The overall incidence of acute gastroenteritis reported was low; higher in MDCF compared with RUSF but not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prePOC study demonstrates good acceptability and safety of MDCF among Indian children with MAM including the age group of 6-12 mo of age. The study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting a long-term supplementation study in this population. The study was registered at the clinical trial registry of India as CTRI/2023/01/048716.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chasing the Transition to Plant-Based Diets: A Need for More Focus and Guidance to Facilitate Effective Dietary Changes.","authors":"Christopher Pf Marinangeli","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Food Group Intakes with Serum Carbon Isotope Ratio Values in Youth: Results from 2 Prospective Pediatric Cohort Studies.","authors":"Catherine C Cohen, Mia Q Peng, Brenda M Davy, Wei Perng, Kartik Shankar, Dana Dabelea","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The carbon isotope ratio (CIR) is a candidate biomarker for sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in the United States. However, research specific to youth, who differ in their physiology and dietary patterns compared with adults, is lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We evaluated longitudinal associations of SSB intakes across childhood/adolescence with serum CIR. We also explored the relationship between other dietary intakes and serum CIR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from participants in two longitudinal, pediatric cohorts in Colorado: Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among CHildren (EPOCH) study (visits at median 10 and 16 y, n = 150) and Healthy Start Study (visits at median 5 and 9 y, n = 166). Serum CIR was measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Diet was assessed by food-frequency questionnaires (EPOCH) or 24-h diet recalls (Healthy Start). We assessed associations of longitudinal dietary intakes (log2-transformed, standardized) with serum CIR using linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, and energy intake, and associations of change values between visits using linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In linear mixed models, higher SSB intake across visits was associated with higher serum CIR in both cohorts [β (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.11 (0.06, 0.15) in EPOCH and 0.14 (0.07, 0.21) in Healthy Start]. Higher meat intake and a higher dietary animal protein ratio were also positively associated with serum CIR in both cohorts [β (95% CI): 0.08 (0.05, 0.12) and 0.18 (0.13, 0.23) in EPOCH; 0.08 (0.01, 0.16) and 0.28 (0.21, 0.35) in Healthy Start]. In change analyses, there were positive associations for changes in the dietary animal protein ratio between visits with changes in serum CIR in both cohorts, but not for changes in SSB intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support serum CIR as a potential biomarker of SSB intake in youth cross-sectionally; however, there was not a strong link between change values over longer-term follow-up. Meat/animal protein intake was also consistently and, at times, more strongly associated with serum CIR.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary ω-3 Fatty Acids Mitigate Intestinal Barrier Integrity Alterations in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet: Implications for Pancreatic Carcinogenesis.","authors":"Jazmin Machuca, Joanna Wirkus, Aya S Ead, Payam Vahmani, Karen E Matsukuma, Gerardo G Mackenzie, Patricia I Oteiza","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although body fatness is a recognized risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the underlying mechanisms of how fat composition affects pancreatic carcinogenesis are poorly understood. High-fat diets (HFDs) can disrupt intestinal barrier function, potentially accelerating carcinogenesis. Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties and help preserve intestinal integrity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate how ω-3 FAs affect the colonic barrier in the context of HFD-induced changes, in a mouse model of PDAC [p48-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D (KC)].</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male and female KC mice were randomly assigned into 1 of the following 4 groups: 1) a control diet containing ∼11% total calories from fat with an ω-6:ω-3 FA ratio of 10:1 (C), 2) the control diet with high concentrations of ω-3 FA with an ω-6:ω-3 FA ratio of 1:1 (Cω3), 3) an HFD containing 60% total calories from fat with an ω-6:ω-3 FA ratio of approximately 10:1 (HF), and 4) an HFD with high concentrations of ω-3 FA with an ω-6:ω-3 FA ratio of 1:1 (HFω3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consumption of an HFD for 8 wk caused: 1) disruption of tight junction structure and function; 2) decreased goblet cell number; 3) higher colonic Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NADPH oxidase 1 expression; 4) activation of TLR4-triggered pathways, that is, NF-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; 5) elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations; and 6) higher pancreatic TLR4 expression, and 7) accelerated acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. All of these events were mitigated in mice fed the HFω3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the concept that, in the context of obesity, ω-3 FAs have protective effects during early-stage pancreatic carcinogenesis through the regulation of intestinal permeability and endotoxemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Novel Lipid Emulsion Vegaven Is Well Tolerated and Elicits Distinct Biological Actions Compared With a Mixed-Oil Lipid Emulsion Containing Fish Oil: A Parenteral Nutrition Trial in Piglets.","authors":"Eliana Lucchinetti, Phing-How Lou, Akash Chakravarty, Camila Schultz Marcolla, Mirielle L Pauline, Pamela R Wizzard, Catherine J Field, Eytan Wine, Martin Hersberger, Paul W Wales, Justine M Turner, Stefanie D Krämer, Michael Zaugg","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vegaven is a novel lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition (PN) based on 18-carbon n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids, which elicits liver protection via interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the murine model of PN.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In a preclinical model of PN in neonatal piglets, Vegaven was tested for efficacy and safety and compared with a mixed-oil lipid emulsion containing fish oil (SMOFlipid).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male piglets 4-5 d old were randomly allocated to isocaloric isonitrogenous PN for 14 d, which varied only by the type of lipid emulsion (Vegaven, n = 8; SMOFlipid, n = 8). Hepatic IL-10 tissue concentration served as primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were organ weights, bile flow, blood analyses, plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations, insulin signaling, proinflammatory cytokines, tissue lipopolysaccharide concentrations, and fatty acid composition of phospholipid fractions in plasma, liver, and brain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total weight gain on trial, organ weights, and bile flow were similar between the Vegaven and the SMOFlipid group. Vegaven elicited higher hepatic IL10 (Δ = 148 pg/mg protein; P < 0.001) and insulin receptor substrate-2 amounts (Δ = 0.08 OD; P = 0.012). Plasma insulin concentrations (Δ = 1.46 mU/L; P = 0.003) and fructosamine (glycated albumin, Δ = 12.4 μmol/g protein; P = 0.003) were increased in SMOFlipid as compared with those of Vegaven group, indicating insulin resistance. Higher hepatic injury markers were observed more frequently in the SMOFlipid group than those in the Vegaven group. Lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 concentrations increased in pancreatic and brain tissues of SMOFlipid-treated compared with those in the Vegaven-treated piglets. Insulin signaling reduced in the brains of SMOFlipid-treated piglets. Vegaven and SMOFlipid elicited distinct fatty acid profiles in the phospholipid fractions of the rapidly growing brains but showed similar accretion of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid after 2 wk of PN.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vegaven is well tolerated in this piglet model of PN, demonstrating distinct biological actions compared with SMOFlipid, namely lower liver, pancreas, and brain inflammation, enhanced insulin signaling, and improved whole body glucose control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Phosphorus Causes Hepatic Energy Metabolism Disorder Through Dynamin-Related Protein 1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission in Fish.","authors":"Jibin Lin, Xueshan Li, Kangle Lu, Kai Song, Ling Wang, Weiwei Dai, Mohsen Mohamed, Chunxiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low phosphorus (LP) diets perturb hepatic energy metabolism homeostasis in fish. However, the specific mechanisms in LP-induced hepatic energy metabolism disorders remain to be fully elucidated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study sought to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of mitochondria involved in LP-induced energy metabolism disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Spotted seabass were fed diets with 0.72% (S-AP, control) or 0.36% (S-LP) available phosphorus for 10 wk. Drp1 was knocked down or protein kinase (PK) A was activated using 8Br-cAMP (5 μM, a PKA activator) in spotted seabass hepatocytes under LP medium. Zebrafish were fed Z-LP diets (0.30% available phosphorus) containing Mdivi-1 (5 mg/kg, a Drp1 inhibitor) or 8Br-cAMP (0.5 mg/kg) for 6 wk. Biochemical and molecular parameters, along with transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, were used to assess hepatic glycolipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and morphology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spotted seabass fed S-LP diets showed reduced ATP (52%) and cAMP (52%) concentrations, along with reduced Drp1 (s582) (38%) and PKA (61%) phosphorylation concentrations in the liver compared with those fed S-AP diets (P < 0.05). Drp1 knockdown elevated ATP concentrations (1.99-fold), decreased mitochondrial DRP1 protein amounts (45%), and increased mitochondrial aspect ratio (1.82-fold) in LP-treated hepatocytes (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 8Br-cAMP-treated hepatocytes exhibited higher PKA phosphorylation (2.85-fold), ATP concentrations (1.60-fold), and mitochondrial aspect ratio (2.00-fold), along with decreased mitochondrial DRP1 protein concentrations (29%) under LP medium (P < 0.05). However, mutating s582 to alanine mimic Drp1 dephosphorylation decreased ATP concentrations (63%) and mitochondrial aspect ratio (53%) in 8Br-cAMP-treated hepatocytes (P < 0.05). In addition, zebrafish fed Z-LP diets containing Mdivi-1 or 8Br-cAMP had higher ATP concentrations (3.44-fold or 1.98-fold) than those fed Z-LP diets (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide a potential mechanistic elucidation for LP-induced energy metabolism disorders through the cAMP/PKA/Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a Dynamic Model of Indispensable Amino Acid Requirements of the Adult Human: A Factorial Estimate of Oxidative Amino Acid Losses.","authors":"Carlene S Starck, Robert R Wolfe, Paul J Moughan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Consensus regarding the required intake of indispensable amino acids (IDAAs) and protein [representing total amino acids (AAs)] in the adult is lacking. Oxidation is a major, although not exclusive, source of IDAA loss in humans body and a primary factor determining requirements; a quantitative understanding of oxidative IDAA losses is required.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop a factorial diurnal model of total oxidative IDAA and protein losses in the adult human.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A factorial diurnal model of oxidative losses of protein and each IDAA at maintenance was developed by estimating the magnitude and variability of sources of oxidative loss from existing literature: inevitable catabolism (constitutive oxidation of each absorbed dietary AA), and protein turnover in the postprandial and postabsorptive states. Total oxidative losses were calculated by summing individual losses, validated against published independent nitrogen balance data and compared with current IDAA requirements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The factorial model predicted minimum oxidative total AA losses of 390 ± 60 mg/kg BW/d, 59% of the estimated average requirement for protein. Inevitable AA oxidation and oxidation associated with postabsorptive protein turnover were the major sources of the oxidative loss for protein, at 40% and 44%, respectively. Summed oxidative IDAA losses ranged from 64% (isoleucine) to 91% (tryptophan) of current requirements. Total oxidative losses predicted by the model were significant predictors of actual experimental oxidative losses obtained by nitrogen balance (R² = 0.66; P = 0.049).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of a factorial model for estimation of minimum IDAA and protein oxidative losses in the adult human provides an essential starting point for an updated understanding of protein and IDAA requirements. Further iterations of the model will estimate total protein and IDAA requirements, and account for variations in dietary protein quantity and quality, as well as different populations and physiologic states. Additional data, especially for inevitable oxidation in humans, and particularly with respect to individual IDAAs, are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iodine Nutrition Status of Children Aged 3-13 Years in Areas with High Groundwater Iodine Content in China.","authors":"Rui Yang, Dongping Lv, Na Liang, Xiaoming Wang, Fei Li, Yantong Liu, Wen Chen, Wanqi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adequate iodine status is crucial for children's health and normal development. However, there is a paucity of research on the iodine status of children from areas with high groundwater iodine content.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this were to monitor the iodine status of children in Shandong, China (regions primarily characterized by high iodine concentrations in groundwater) and describe the factors influencing children's iodine status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2013 to 2023 on 3253 3- to 13-y-old children. We collected drinking water, spot urine, and 24-h urine samples from children to assess their iodine status [measuring drinking water iodine concentration (WIC), water iodine intake (WII), urine iodine concentration (UIC), 24-h urine iodine excretion (24-h UIE), daily iodine intake (DII), etc.], and analyzed influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median WIC for children was 183 (IQR: 70.2, 362) μg/L, and the median spot UIC was 428 (IQR: 194, 737) μg/L, surpassing the WHO cutoff (300 μg/L). Children at risk of iodine excess numbered 1750 (61.8%). Approximately 61% of iodine intake came from drinking water. Boys had significantly higher iodine intake than girls (P < 0.001). Children's age showed positive correlations with spot UIC, 24-h UIC, and 24-h UIE. There were no significant differences in 24-h UIC and 24-h UIE among children with different BMIs. The logistic regression model revealed that the risk of iodine excess was increased by boy gender, increment in age (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08), and every 10 μg (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.04) or 50 μg (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.22) increment in WII.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children in areas with high groundwater iodine content are at a risk of iodine excess. As age increases, the risk of iodine excess in children rises, with boys at a higher risk than girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Adults' Intake of Un-processed/Minimally Processed, and Ultra-processed foods at Home and Away from Home in the United States from 2003-2018.","authors":"Julia A Wolfson, Anna Claire Tucker, Cindy W Leung, Casey M Rebholz, Vanessa Garcia-Larsen, Euridice Martinez-Steele","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) comprise >50% of United States adults' energy intake, with the proportion of calories from UPFs increasing over time and the proportion of unprocessed/minimally processed foods (MPFs) decreasing over time. Whether UPFs are primarily consumed at home (AH) or away from home (AFH) is important to inform policies and messages to improve dietary quality.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined trends in consumption of UPFs and MPFs AH and AFH in a nationally representative sample of United States adults and within sociodemographic subgroups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data are from 34,628 adults (aged ≥20 y) with two 24-h dietary recalls from the 2003-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We examined trends over time in intake from MPFs and UPFs as a proportion of total energy intake and as a proportion of AH energy intake and AFH energy intake using generalized linear models adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, and household income. We examined differences in trends by sociodemographic subgroups using interaction terms and stratified models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, and for most demographic subgroups, UPFs comprised >50% of AH energy intake and >50% of AFH energy intake, with UPFs increasing and MPFs decreasing over time as a proportion of energy intake AH and AFH. The proportion of total energy intake from UPFs increased for food consumed AH (33.6%-37.1%, P-trend < 0.001), but not for UPFs consumed AFH (19.5%-18.8%, P-trend = 0.88). From 2003-2004 to 2017-2018, the proportion of total energy intake from MPFs declined for foods consumed AH (23.6%-20.8%, P-trend <0.001) and AFH (9.7%-7.5%, P-trend <0.001). Interaction terms testing differences in trends of MPF and UPF intake AH and AFH by sociodemographic subgroups were mostly nonsignificant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight the ubiquity and increasing proportion of UPFs in United States adults' diets regardless of whether foods are consumed AH or AFH.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}