Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Lysine from Whole Wheat Bread Consumed by Healthy Adult Males Has High Metabolic Availability When Assessed Using the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method","authors":"Zujaja Tul-Noor ,&nbsp;Alyssa Paoletti ,&nbsp;Abrar Fakiha ,&nbsp;Paul B Pencharz ,&nbsp;Crystal L Levesque ,&nbsp;Ronald O Ball ,&nbsp;Rajavel Elango ,&nbsp;Glenda Courtney-Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The protein quality of wheat is limited by its low content of the indispensable amino acid (AA) lysine and the metabolic availability (MA) of lysine in wheat bread for humans is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study objective was to determine the MA of lysine in whole wheat bread.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Five healthy young males (≤30 y, BMI &lt;25 kg/m²) were studied in a repeated-measures design using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method, with L-[1-¹³C] phenylalanine as the indicator. Each received 7 levels of lysine intakes in random order; 4 levels of L-lysine; 5, 8, 12, and 15 mg/kg/d (reference diet), and 3 intakes of lysine from whole wheat bread (test diet). The MA of lysine in whole wheat bread was assessed by comparing the IAAO response to the test diet (whole wheat bread) with the IAAO response to the reference diet using the slope ratio method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MA of lysine from whole wheat bread was 90%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Lysine has a high MA but it is still limiting in whole wheat bread due to its low concentration. A combination of wheat with a complementary protein source (that is, lentils which are sufficient in lysine) is recommended to meet the lysine requirement in a wheat-based diet for healthy young males.</div><div>This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03674736 and NCT03200652.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 476-482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Sodium Selenite and Seleno-L-Methionine on Stress Erythropoiesis in a Murine Model of Hemolytic Anemia","authors":"Hangdi Gong ,&nbsp;Yuting Bai ,&nbsp;Dane Rahoi ,&nbsp;Robert F Paulson ,&nbsp;K Sandeep Prabhu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that exerts most biological activities through selenoproteins. Dietary selenium is a key regulator of red cell homeostasis and stress erythropoiesis. However, it is unknown whether the form and increasing doses of Se supplementation in the diet impact stress erythropoiesis under anemic conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>If inorganic (sodium selenite; Na₂SeO₃) or organic [seleno-L-methionine (Se-Met)] forms of Se in different amounts (deficient, adequate, supplemented, and supranutritional) support stress erythropoiesis in anemic mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to graded amounts of Se in the form of &lt;0.01 mg/kg Se [Se-deficiency (Se-D)], 0.1 mg/kg Na₂SeO₃ (adequacy), 0.4 mg/kg Na₂SeO₃ (supplemented), 3 mg/kg Na₂SeO₃ (supranutritional), 0.4 mg/kg Se-Met (supplemented), or 3 mg/kg Se-Met (supranutritional), for 10–12 wk before intraperitoneal phenylhydrazine administration to induce hemolytic anemia. Following 3 d of phenylhydrazine injection, spleen and blood samples were used to assess the impact of form and graded amounts of Se in the diet on stress erythropoiesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Phenotypic parameters showed that supplementing the diet with Se in the form of Na₂SeO₃ or Se-Met alleviated hemolytic anemia and promoted stress erythropoiesis by supporting the formation of erythroblastic islands. Se-Met at 0.4 mg/kg enhanced erythroid progenitor differentiation by 2-fold compared with Se-D, while Na₂SeO₃ at 0.4 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) aided monocyte recruitment and macrophage differentiation within erythroblastic islands. Additionally, 3 mg/kg of Se-Met triggered a stronger inflammatory response than the same dose of Na₂SeO_3.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While both Se-Met and Na₂SeO₃ effectively aid in stress erythropoiesis, Na₂SeO₃ supplementation effectively support stress erythropoiesis with a minimal inflammatory response, while Se-Met at supranutritional dosage lead to increased inflammation despite its support for stress erythropoiesis. These results indicate diverse mechanisms of action of Se on the alleviation of anemia by stress erythropoiesis, which should be considered for further studies to complement existing therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 540-548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Treatment of Bovine Milk Influences Gastric Emptying of Lactose but not its Apparent Small Intestinal Disappearance in the Growing Pig as a Model for the Adult Human","authors":"Carlos A Montoya ,&nbsp;Dulantha Ulluwishewa ,&nbsp;Natalie G Ahlborn ,&nbsp;Nicole C Roy ,&nbsp;Warren C McNabb","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Heat treatment influences gastric emptying of proteins and lipids in bovine milk. Whether heat treatment influences lactose gastric emptying and small intestinal lactose disappearance remains unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the gastric emptying of lactose and its disappearance from the small intestine of the growing pig as a model for the adult human.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>After 10 d of adaptation, fasted 9-wk-old pigs (<em>n =</em> 48) consumed 500 mL of pasteurized or ultra-high-temperature (UHT) bovine milk before being killed at 20, 60, 120, or 180 min post-feeding. Gastric, small, and large intestinal contents were collected to determine the gastric emptying of lactose, its apparent small intestinal disappearance, and its release into the large intestine. Portal vein blood samples were also collected to measure galactose concentration over time. Data were analyzed using nonlinear and polynomial models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The gastric emptying of lactose was faster for pigs fed pasteurized milk than those fed UHT milk (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). For example, 14 ± 2.9% and 24 ± 2.2% (mean ± standard error) of lactose, respectively, were retained in the stomach at 60 min post-feeding. The apparent small intestinal disappearance of lactose increased to 88 ± 2.4% over time, but it did not differ between milk types. Similarly, the plasma galactose concentration in the portal vein increased during the first post-feeding hour but did not differ between milk types. Lactose reached the large intestine during the first 20 min post-feeding, and the amount of lactose released into the large intestine did not change over time (523 μmol on average across post-feeding times after back transformation of 6.26 ± 0.37) or between milk types.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Heat treatment influenced the gastric emptying of lactose but did not impact subsequent small intestinal apparent disappearance and portal blood plasma galactose appearance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 533-539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We Can Optimize Protein Nutrition and Reduce Nitrogen Waste in Global Pig and Food Production Systems by Adopting Circular, Sustainable, and One Health Practices","authors":"Gerald C Shurson","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have exceeded the Earth’s carrying capacity to manage the amount of nitrogen (N) waste being generated globally, which can have devastating environmental consequences if immediate action is not taken. Our global food system is a major N user and contributor to N waste. Pork is the most consumed animal-derived protein source in the world, but like other food-producing animals, the N use efficiency of converting dietary protein to edible lean meat is &lt;50%. However, the undigested dietary N is excreted in manure can be recycled by using appropriate manure storage and application methods to crop land to prevent further N losses and emissions to the environment. Therefore, feed and manure, along with animal health and mortality, are the main contributors to N use efficiency in pig production systems. Practical approaches to reduce N losses and emissions to the environment from pig production must be focused on fine-tuning dietary amino acid concentrations to match individual pig requirements, optimizing feed ingredient resource use, upcycling agri-industrial by-products and appropriate sources of food loss and waste, improving manure management, and maintaining pig health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 367-377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment tool “Traqq” for Assessing Habitual Dietary Intake by Random 2-H Recalls in Adults: Comparison with a Food Frequency Questionnaire and Blood Concentration Biomarkers","authors":"Desiree A Lucassen ,&nbsp;Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma ,&nbsp;Hendriek C Boshuizen ,&nbsp;Michiel Balvers ,&nbsp;Edith JM Feskens","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Current dietary assessment methods are affected by memory-related bias and heavily burden respondents. To reduce respondent burden and associated measurement error, we recently developed an innovative smartphone-based 2-h recall (2hR) method.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Evaluation of the use of random 2hRs, administered via the smartphone-based dietary assessment tool “Traqq”, for assessing habitual intake against a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and blood concentration markers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dietary intake was assessed in 215 Dutch adults by repeated 2hRs on randomly selected days and times (i.e. equivalent to 3 full days of 2hRs) over a 4-wk period. At the end of the study period, participants completed a validated semiquantitative FFQ. Sixty-five random participants also provided 2 fasting blood samples, to assess plasma carotenoid and plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Intake estimates of energy (2132 ± 665 kcal vs. 2017 ± 572 kcal) were slightly higher with 2hRs than FFQ, whereas the percentage energy intake from macronutrients where similar (i.e. protein: 37 ± 14 en% vs. 37 ± 13 en%; fat: 35 ± 6 en% vs. 44 ± 7 en%; carbohydrates: 44 ± 7 en% vs. 44 ± 6 en%). For food groups, a larger variation in intake estimates was found ranging from –65% (legumes) to 62% (pastry, cake and biscuits). Spearman correlations between 2hRs and FFQ ranged from 0.33 to 0.69 for energy and macronutrients, from 0.32 to 0.58 for micronutrients, and from 0.27 to 0.67 for food groups. For all nutrients and food groups, ≥70% of the participants were classified in the same/adjacent quartile. Spearman correlations between 2hRs and plasma carotenoids and n-3 PUFA ranged between 0.34 and 0.57 and cross-classification ranged between 61% and 83% in the same/adjacent quartile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Comparing 2hRs with FFQ and blood concentration markers showed good ranking ability for energy, most nutrients, and most frequently consumed foods. More variation was seen for episodically consumed foods and nutrients.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This trial was registered at the Dutch Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects (CCMO) registry as ABR No. NL69065.081.19 (<span><span>https://www.toetsingonline.nl/to/ccmo_search.nsf/fABRpop?readform&amp;unids=26E81F6A56186B1EC12587BD001C7AC9</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 634-642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142801167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids Intake Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Pain Sensitization and Postoperative Pain in Male Mice","authors":"Nan Lian ,&nbsp;Fangzhou Li ,&nbsp;Kaiteng Luo ,&nbsp;Yi Kang ,&nbsp;Yan Yin ,&nbsp;Su Lui ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Peilin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Poor dietary intake is associated with peripheral pain sensitization and postoperative pain. Given the limited research on diet and pain, it is essential to examine the possible analgesic effects of dietary interventions in preclinical studies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to elucidate the role of high-fat diet (HFD) on pain sensitivity and postoperative pain, and determine the potential effects of modulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) intake on pain phenotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four-week-old male mice were fed a purified control diet (CD) or HFD for 10 wk, followed by a hind paw incision. Four-week-old male mice were initially fed a CD or HFD for 8 wk, then switched to the high or low BCAA diet, and underwent a hind paw incision at 10 wk of these diets. Pain behaviors were assessed. Several proinflammatory genes in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was used to estimate nerve fiber density at the incision site. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s <em>t</em>-test, 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni posttests, and 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test were used for data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HFD consumption induced pain sensitization and worsened postoperative pain in male mice (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). In CD group, mice switching to high or low BCAA diet displayed minor impacts on pain phenotypes. In HFD mice, switching to high BCAA diet exacerbated hyperalgesia and postsurgical pain (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), leading to proinflammatory responses in the DRG and the reduction of nerve fiber density near the incision site on day 3 postsurgery (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05); whereas low BCAA diet intake alleviated these effects (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High BCAA intake has negative impacts on pain sensitivity and postoperative pain in HFD-fed mice. Reducing dietary BCAA may be a novel nonpharmacological therapeutic to relieve pain in individuals on a conventional HFD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 413-421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual and Combined Effects of 2′-Fucosyllactose and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Piglets","authors":"Mei Wang ,&nbsp;Marcia H Monaco ,&nbsp;Victoria C Daniels ,&nbsp;Johanna Hirvonen ,&nbsp;Henrik Max Jensen ,&nbsp;Arthur C Ouwehand ,&nbsp;Ratna Mukherjea ,&nbsp;Niels Christensen ,&nbsp;Markus J Lehtinen ,&nbsp;Ashley A Hibberd ,&nbsp;Ryan N Dilger ,&nbsp;Sharon M Donovan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human milk is a source of oligosaccharides that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, including <em>Bifidobacterium longum</em> subsp. <em>infantis</em>, which can utilize human milk oligosaccharides.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the individual and combined effects of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), <em>B. infantis</em> Bi-26 (Bi-26) on piglet gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Intact male pigs (<em>n</em> = 63) had ad libitum access to milk replacer without (control; CON) or with 1.0 g/L 2′-FL (FL) from postnatal day 2 to 34/35. Pigs were further stratified to receive either 12% glycerol or 10⁹ CFU/d Bi-26 in glycerol (BI and FLBI). Gut microbiota and SCFA concentrations were determined in ascending colon contents (AC) and rectal contents (RC) by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. Microbiota composition and functional profiles were analyzed using QIIME 2 and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States-2 (PICRUSt2).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Supplementation of 2′-FL increased valerate concentration in AC (<em>P</em> = 0.03) and tended to modulate the overall bacterial composition in RC (<em>P</em> = 0.06). Compared with CON, 2′-FL alone increased the acetate concentration in AC (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The addition of Bi-26 decreased Shannon indices and reduced propionate and butyrate concentrations in AC (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Bi-26 alone affected the relative abundances of several bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in AC and RC, including the ASVs identified as <em>Phocaeicola</em> (<em>Bacteroides</em>) <em>vulgatus</em> and <em>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</em>. Additionally, 2′-FL and Bi-26 individually increased the relative abundances of 9 PICRUSt2-predicted metabolic pathways related to fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis or carboxylate degradation/secondary metabolite degradation in the RC; however, these effects were negated, and the values were identical to the CON group when 2′-FL and Bi-26 were supplemented together.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>2′-FL and Bi-26 added to milk replacer exerted distinct influences on gut bacterial composition and metabolic function, and 2′-FL alone increased specific SCFA concentrations, demonstrating its prebiotic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 509-522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abomasal Infusion of Deuterium-Labeled Choline Confirms that Choline is a Methyl Donor in Gestating and Lactating Holstein Dairy Cattle","authors":"Tanya L France,&nbsp;Andres F Ortega,&nbsp;Andrew T Richards,&nbsp;Miranda J Farricker,&nbsp;Ananda BP Fontoura,&nbsp;Joseph W McFadden","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In cattle, dietary choline is fed in a rumen-protected form to bypass ruminal degradation while allowing intestinal absorption of choline. We require data to help us define choline utilization in the dairy cow transitioning from gestation to lactation.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study examined choline methyl group transfer in dairy cattle transitioning from gestation to lactation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Six multiparous, rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were enrolled in a longitudinal study design where they were abomasally infused with choline chloride (CC) for a 5-d experimental period at −3 wk from the expected due date and again at 2 wk postpartum. Twenty percent of CC provided per day was replaced with the stable-isotope trimethyl-d9-CC. Plasma, milk, liver, urine, and fecal samples were analyzed for choline and choline metabolite concentrations and isotope enrichment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Plasma betaine (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and liver choline and betaine concentrations were lower during lactation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). During lactation, cows had greater circulating enrichment of d3-choline, d3-betaine, d9-betaine, and d9-phosphatidylcholine (PC; <em>P</em> ≤ 0.05), and greater liver enrichment of d3-glycerophosphorylcholine and d9-sphingomyelin (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.02). Greater urinary and fecal losses of d3- and d9-trimethylamine (TMA), and d3- and d9-TMA <em>N</em>-oxide (TMAO) were observed during pregnancy (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). Total choline metabolites detected in urine from infused CC were greater during pregnancy, relative to lactation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Total fecal choline metabolites from infused CC were greater during lactation than during pregnancy (<em>P</em> = 0.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our data confirm that choline is a methyl donor (e.g., detected d3-choline), and choline is used by both the cytidine diphosphate–choline and phosphatidylethanolamine <em>N</em>-methyl transferase pathways in the cow during gestation and lactation. We also provide evidence for the endogenous recycling of absorbed choline via bile (i.e. presence of d3-TMA). Degradation of choline to TMA and TMAO must be considered when evaluating choline bioavailability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 523-532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility and Validity of Plant-Based Dietary Indices in the Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Substudy","authors":"Benjamin A Cousineau ,&nbsp;Ellen L Mitchell ,&nbsp;Rebecca A Hodge ,&nbsp;Viola Vaccarino ,&nbsp;Jessica A Alvarez ,&nbsp;W Dana Flanders ,&nbsp;Aryeh D Stein ,&nbsp;Diane C Mitchell ,&nbsp;Marjorie L McCullough ,&nbsp;Terryl J Hartman","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Overall Plant-based Diet Index (PDI), the Healthful Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI), and the Unhealthful Plant-based Diet Index (uPDI) are relatively new tools for characterizing the quality of plant-based dietary patterns in epidemiologic studies. Reproducibility and validity of these indices have not been assessed across populations.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of PDI, hPDI, and uPDI in a racially and ethnically diverse population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>n</em> = 433 women, <em>n</em> = 244 men, <em>n</em> = 417 non-Hispanic White, <em>n</em> = 159 non-Hispanic Black, and <em>n</em> = 101 Hispanic) from the 2015–2016 Cancer Prevention Study 3 Dietary Assessment Substudy (CPS-3 DAS) completed the CPS-3 Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) on 2 occasions (FFQ1 and FFQ2) and ≤6 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs) over 1 y. Plant-based diet scores were calculated using energy-adjusted food group intakes from each FFQ and mean 24HRs. Pearson correlations were used to evaluate reproducibility of each score between FFQs. Validity of the scores derived from FFQ2 was assessed relative to the mean of the 24HRs and blood and urine biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pearson correlations for reproducibility between FFQs for men and women were 0.64 and 0.66 for PDI, 0.85 and 0.80 for hPDI, and 0.84 and 0.78 for uPDI. Pearson correlations for validity between FFQ2 and the mean 24HRs for PDI, hPDI, and uPDI for men were 0.54, 0.68, and 0.60, respectively, and for women were 0.49, 0.0.62, and 0.62, respectively. Biomarkers of most carotenoids, total protein, sodium, and potassium showed correlations ≥0.20 with certain plant-based diet scores. Reproducibility and validity were moderate to good in all racial/ethnic subgroups and were highest in non-Hispanic White adults.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There was good reproducibility and moderate to good validity of PDI within the CPS-3 FFQ. Future work should continue to validate these indices across populations with varied diets and dietary measurement tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 580-588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Polyphenol Intake, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)","authors":"Renata A Carnauba ,&nbsp;Flavia M Sarti ,&nbsp;Camille P Coutinho ,&nbsp;Neuza MA Hassimotto ,&nbsp;Dirce M Marchioni ,&nbsp;Paulo A Lotufo ,&nbsp;Isabela M Bensenor ,&nbsp;Franco M Lajolo","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fruit- and vegetable-rich diets may protect against metabolic syndrome (MetS), partly due to their high polyphenol content.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study examined the association between dietary polyphenol intake, MetS risk, and cardiometabolic factors in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 6387 participants (mean age 49.8 y, 65% female) were included. Food intake was assessed via a semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire with polyphenol content from the Phenol-Explorer database. MetS was defined using the Joint Interim Statement. Logistic regressions assessed associations between polyphenol intake tertiles and cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as the odds of MetS during the follow-up period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median of 8.19 y follow-up, 2031 cases of MetS occurred. The second and third tertiles of total polyphenol intake were associated with 22% and 23% lower odds of MetS, respectively, after adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors (T2 vs. T1, odds ratio [OR] 0.78 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.68, 0.90]; T3 vs. T1, OR 0.77 [0.66, 0.90]). Inverse associations were also found between phenolic acids, lignans, stilbenes, other polyphenols, and the odds of MetS. Although no significant link was observed for total flavonoids, flavan-3-ols showed inverse associations with MetS (monomers: T3 vs. T1, OR 0.92 [0.80, 0.94]; dimers to polymers: T3 vs. T1, OR 0.82 [0.70, 0.96]). Total polyphenol intake was also inversely associated with waist-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein, and positively associated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher intakes of dietary polyphenols, particularly phenolic acids, lignans, stilbenes, other polyphenols, and flavan-3-ols, were inversely associated with the odds of MetS and its components. These findings suggest that promoting polyphenol-rich diets could be a valuable strategy in reducing cardiometabolic risk and preventing MetS in the population, potentially informing dietary guidelines and public health interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 2","pages":"Pages 570-579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}