Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1/Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Therapy and Nutrition Counseling on Body Composition","authors":"Kathryn Hoffman,&nbsp;Peter Gillespie,&nbsp;Candace Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity interventions often focus on weight and body mass index (BMI), overlooking changes in body composition. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide medications (GIP) have been increasingly used in obesity treatment; however, their effect on body composition is controversial.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to analyze the differential effects of lifestyle modification with and without nutrition counseling and/or GLP-1 medications on body composition.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective data from World Trade Center Health Program patients who were prescribed GLP-1 medications and had documented body composition analyses were reviewed. Patients were categorized into 4 groups: GLP-1 with nutrition group, GLP-1group, nutrition group, and control group. The measures included fat mass, muscle mass, and visceral fat. Baseline and 1-y follow-up values were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The GLP-1 group experienced the greatest mean muscle mass loss (7.01 lbs), and the relationship between GLP-1 usage and muscle mass loss was statistically significant (<em>P</em> = 0.013). Both the GLP-1 with nutrition group and the nutrition-only group experienced less muscle mass loss on mean. Patients in the GLP-1 group achieved the greatest overall weight loss on average [16.83 lbs, standard deviation (SD) = 15.01]. The GLP-1 with nutrition group showed the greatest mean loss in fat mass (−10.77 lbs, SD = 26.93), and the nutrition-only group showed the greatest mean loss in visceral fat (1.35 points, SD = 2.98).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>GLP-1 medication was independently and significantly associated with muscle mass loss, and those who took GLP-1 medications without nutritional therapy had the greatest mean loss in muscle mass. Compared with those who used GLP-1 medications alone, those who coupled nutritional therapy with GLP-1 medications experienced smaller reductions in muscle mass while also experiencing reductions in fat mass on average. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating nutrition counseling and body composition monitoring into obesity treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximizing the Value of Preclinical and Translational Animal Research Models via Next-Generation Standardized Reference Diets: a White Paper from the Laboratory Animal Nutrition Taskforce for an Education and Research Network","authors":"Stephen A Watts,&nbsp;David B Allison,&nbsp;Donald C Beitz,&nbsp;Sarah L Booth,&nbsp;Paul M Coates,&nbsp;Louis R D’Abramo,&nbsp;Teresa A Davis,&nbsp;Ryan N Dilger,&nbsp;John W Erdman,&nbsp;George C Fahey Jr.,&nbsp;Marta L Fiorotto,&nbsp;Jesse F Gregory,&nbsp;James O Hill,&nbsp;David M Klurfeld,&nbsp;Steven D Leach,&nbsp;Phillip S Miller,&nbsp;Forrest H Nielsen,&nbsp;Kevin L Schalinske,&nbsp;Daniel Smith Jr.,&nbsp;Zoltan M Varga","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new generation of standard reference diets (SRDs) is essential to enhance the integrity of research associated with the use of laboratory animal models in the study of human disease. Support for the value of this fundamental facet of experimental methodology is provided via a historical overview, an assessment of current status, and the advancements and opportunities that will be realized through further development and routine use. An outline of the extensive investment in animal nutrition research by National Institutes of Health during the past 30 y is presented with specific reference to rodent animal models and standardization in dietary methodology. Timely recommendations for renewed action that revitalize and expand the use of SRDs in rodents and other models, such as zebrafish, are provided with the aim of achieving more rigor, transparency, replicability, interpretability, and integrity in preclinical and translational animal model-based research. Ultimately, the benefits of these efforts will be fulfilled through expeditious development of prophylactic and therapeutic approaches for human diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardizing Rodent and Other Animal Diets: A Call for Global Action","authors":"John R Speakman","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101588","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147868838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Her Eating Advice: Eat Dessert First!: Remembering Judith S. Stern, ScD, RD","authors":"Barbara J Moore,&nbsp;MRC Greenwood,&nbsp;Susan K Fried,&nbsp;Johanna T Dwyer","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Judith Schneider Stern, Distinguished Professor Emerita of Nutrition and Internal Medicine at University of California at Davis, died on 8 May, 2019 after a distinguished career in studying, teaching, and communicating about obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147941657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of Ras Homolog Guanosine Triphosphate Phosphohydrolases in Adipocyte Differentiation, Insulin Signaling, and Lipid Droplet Dynamics","authors":"Yuping Huang,&nbsp;Guoxun Chen,&nbsp;Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ras homolog guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolases (Rho GTPases), a family of small GTPases, are important players in many physiological processes such as cytoskeleton remodeling. Emerging experimental results have indicated them as pivotal regulators of lipid metabolism, which has profound implications for metabolic health. This review aims to summarize the roles of key Rho GTPases, RhoA, RAC1, and cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) in adipocyte differentiation, insulin signaling, and lipid droplet dynamics. Relevant research articles were retrieved via searches of available public databases, such as PubMed, and were reviewed here. For adipocyte differentiation, RhoA predominantly acts as a negative regulator during the early commitment phase, whereas RAC1 and CDC42 typically promote differentiation. Furthermore, Rho GTPases are integral to insulin signaling pathways, where their dysregulation can contribute to insulin resistance. The role of Rho GTPases in lipid droplet dynamics appears to be involved in the stabilization of lipid droplets through the regulation of the formation of actin stress fibers, whereas RAC1 facilitates droplet mobilization and degradation. The therapeutic potential of Rho GTPase pharmacological inhibitors and their efficacies in reducing lipid accumulation and improving insulin sensitivity in preclinical models are discussed. Nevertheless, challenges such as the specificity of these inhibitors and the complexity of the underlying mechanisms still remain. The development of highly specific modulators and full elucidation of signaling cascades are imperative to fully exploit Rho GTPases as promising therapeutic targets for combating obesity, type 2 diabetes, and related metabolic disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147959637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition 2026 – Join The Global Nutrition Community in Washington D.C. (USA), July 25-28","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0022-3166(26)00358-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-3166(26)00358-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101709"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148566707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irwin Harold Rosenberg: An Illustrious Career Driven by the Vision that Implementation of Nutrition Science Is as Important as the Science Itself","authors":"Joel B Mason,&nbsp;Barbara B Bowman","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101592","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urbanicity and the Diets and Nutritional Status of Adolescents and Their Mothers in Vietnam","authors":"Phuong Hong Nguyen,&nbsp;Kim Maasen,&nbsp;Elise F Talsma,&nbsp;Rock R Zagré,&nbsp;Soyra Gune MSc,&nbsp;Lan Mai Tran,&nbsp;Mai Tuyet Truong,&nbsp;Nga Thu Hoang,&nbsp;Ngoc Ho Thi Vuong,&nbsp;Gabriela Fretes,&nbsp;Inge D Brouwer,&nbsp;Marie T Ruel,&nbsp;Jef L Leroy","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Urbanization catalyzes significant shifts in diets worldwide, yet its impact on adolescent diets and nutrition is poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examined the association between urbanicity and diets and nutritional status among Vietnamese adolescents and their mothers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We assessed diets using a multipass 24-h recall (15% repeated) and collected anthropometric data from 2861 adolescents and their mothers (<em>n</em> = 2664) in rural, peri-urban and urban areas. We calculated the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS: total 0–49; healthy: 0–32; unhealthy: 0–17) and risk categories. We estimated usual intakes (National Cancer Institute’s method) and the mean probability of adequacy (MPA) for 11 micronutrients. We compared outcomes across areas using regression models adjusted for school-level clustering.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GDQS healthy was higher in the urban area (adolescents 7.5, mothers 9.5) than in the rural area (6.6 and 7.7). GDQS unhealthy was comparable across areas (∼11 in adolescents and mothers). Adolescent and maternal diets in the rural area were most likely to fall in the GDQS high-risk category for nutrient inadequacy and non-communicable diseases(23% and 11%). MPA was low across all areas for both adolescents and mothers (≤40%). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was highest in urban areas among adolescents (29%) and similar across areas among mothers (15%–19%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Urbanicity was positively associated with healthier diets due to greater healthy food consumption, but also with higher risks of adolescent overweight/obesity. Differences by study area, however, were small and diet healthiness was low across all settings. Innovative school and food environment interventions and policies are needed to promote greater consumption of healthy foods and limit unhealthy food intake among Vietnamese adolescents and their mothers, and to prevent and control rising overweight/obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Biotransformation of Polyphenols and Bioactive Substrates: Implications for Metabolite-Guided Synbiotics","authors":"Tianan Alan Jiang,&nbsp;Guénolée Prioult,&nbsp;Erin Quann","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dietary bioactive compounds–including polyphenols, alkaloids, lignans, and amino acid–derived substrates–exert well-established effects on human health but are constrained by poor bioavailability. Only 5%–10% of ingested polyphenols are absorbed in the proximal gastrointestinal tract, while the remainder undergoes biotransformation by colonic microbiota into a diverse repertoire of bioactive metabolites. Accumulating evidence indicates that these microbially derived metabolites, rather than their parent compounds, are the primary mediators of systemic benefits due to superior bioavailability, metabolic stability, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, and greater specificity in modulating host metabolic and signaling pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This review aimed to synthesize recent advances in the microbial biotransformation of dietary polyphenols, amino acids, glucosinolates, and related substrates, and to evaluate how these pathways influence metabolic, cardiometabolic, neurocognitive, and immune outcomes, as well as the potential of targeted synbiotic strategies to enhance metabolite production.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a narrative synthesis of recent literature examining microbial conversion pathways of dietary bioactives and their associated physiological effects, with a specific focus on interindividual variability in metabolite production and emerging evidence on synbiotic interventions combining probiotics with selected bioactive precursors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Production of microbial metabolites varied markedly among individuals due to differences in gut microbiota composition, giving rise to distinct metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes) that influenced clinical and nutritional responsiveness. Evidence showed that microbially derived metabolites were key mediators of systemic benefits. Studies evaluating targeted synbiotics demonstrated the capacity to convert non-producers into producers, reduce interindividual variability in metabolite output, and improve clinically relevant outcomes in metabolic dysfunction, inflammation-driven disorders, and aging.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Metabolite-guided synbiotics represent a promising paradigm for precision nutrition by enhancing the consistency and efficacy of bioactive compound metabolism. Integration of metagenomics, metabolomics, and computational modeling will enable individualized prediction of metabolite-production capacity and accelerate the translation of microbiota-targeted interventions into practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repositioning Riboflavin: Evidence and Gaps for Use in Modern Clinical Medicine","authors":"William Todd Penberthy","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101594","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}