Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial Peptides: Source, Biological Function, and Intestinal Regulation of Piglets","authors":"Hongrui Guan ,&nbsp;Jianan Pang ,&nbsp;Mengcheng Wang,&nbsp;Haoran Deng,&nbsp;Yongjie Zhu,&nbsp;Licong Zhang,&nbsp;Na Dong,&nbsp;Anshan Shan,&nbsp;Changxuan Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) belong to a class of small molecules with broad-spectrum antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities, which have the potential as novel nutritional additives for livestock in the postantibiotic era. Most of these compounds possess a distinctive mechanism of action, which are capable of binding and disrupting to the microbial membrane, leading to leakage of intracellular contents. Certain AMPs have also been demonstrated the ability to affect deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid, cell wall synthesis, and protein folding, thereby posing challenges for pathogens in developing drug resistance. In addition, AMPs play essential roles in regulating both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, as well as in the modulation of the intestinal barrier. The review summarizes the sources, biological functions, and in vivo regulation of AMPs in piglets, thus providing crucial insights into their contribution to the modulation of nutrition and disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 9","pages":"Pages 2871-2884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household Nutrition Security Scale (HNSS): Further Establishing Validity and Reliability in a Statewide Sample in Massachusetts","authors":"Eric E Calloway ,&nbsp;Amy L Yaroch ,&nbsp;Cara F Ruggerio ,&nbsp;Meghan E Perkins ,&nbsp;Christopher R Long ,&nbsp;James P Marriott ,&nbsp;Allison J Wu ,&nbsp;Man Luo ,&nbsp;Kieley L Chapman ,&nbsp;Anisha Gundewar ,&nbsp;Daniel Taitelbaum ,&nbsp;Lauren Fiechtner","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>One of the first survey measures for assessing nutrition security in the United States is referred to as the Household Nutrition Security Scale (HNSS). Although the analyses conducted in the original HNSS development study supported the validity and reliability of the scale, some survey development steps were beyond the scope of the original study, such as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and differential item functioning (DIF).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to conduct CFA and DIF analyses on the HNSS within a new statewide sample in Massachusetts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From November 2022 to January 2023, the Greater Boston Food Bank and Mass General Brigham conducted a cross-sectional, statewide, representative survey of Massachusetts adults. In addition to other topics, respondents answered questions about sociodemographics and completed the HNSS. To assess CFA model fit, the Satorra–Bentler scaled chi-squared test, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), and the Bentler Comparative Fit Index (CFI) were calculated. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to assess internal consistency. The Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel procedure was used to investigate DIF across demographic groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants in the analytic sample (<em>n =</em> 2903) were mostly at or under age 54 (60.7%), women (58.0%), non-Hispanic White (71.3%), and with household incomes &lt;$75,000 (71.1%). CFA model fit metrics were well within thresholds for adequate model fit [chi-square 5.213 (Degrees of freedom (DF) = 2, <em>P =</em> 0.074), RMSEA = 0.024 (95% confidence interval: 0.000, 0.049), SRMR = 0.006, and CFI = 0.999]. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.923. There was no indication of DIF for any of the 4 items across groups for age, race/ethnicity, gender, educational attainment, income, having children in the household, or household size.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings further support construct validity and reliability of HNSS, and the further use of the scale for research and program evaluation purposes within sociodemographically diverse samples of households.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 9","pages":"Pages 3128-3133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Fat Intake Attenuates Vitamin A Deficiency-Associated Elastic Fiber Remodeling and Lipid Reduction in the Alveolar Niche in Mice.","authors":"Lisa-Marie Hoy, Tabea Meier, Natascha Mierswa, Melanie Bornemann, Lea Naasner, Heike Bähre, Natali Froese, Christian Riehle, Christian Mühlfeld, Julia Schipke","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and obesity are widespread nutrition-related health conditions that are independently associated with pulmonary remodeling processes linked to lung function decline and respiratory diseases.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study tested the hypothesis that VAD-related pulmonary alterations are aggravated by diet-induced obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight-week-old C57BL/6J/129Sv mice with a deletion of lecithin-retinol-acyltransferase (Lrat-; impaired vitamin A storage) were fed vitamin A deficient control diet (CD, n = 13) or high-fat diet (HFD, n = 15) to induce VAD in lean (CD-VAD, n = 13) or obese (HFD-VAD, n = 13) mice. Wild-type mice receiving vitamin A-containing CD or HFD served as controls. After 20 wk, lungs were subjected to structural and molecular analyses by stereology, western blot, and high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Statistics used were 2-way analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pulmonary vitamin A reserves were efficiently depleted in CD-VAD and HFD-VAD (P < 0.001 compared with controls). In CD-VAD, 76% of pulmonary elastic fibers appeared densely packed (CD: 53%, P < 0.01), and expression of fibrillin was 110% higher compared with CD (P < 0.01), indicating a higher septal microfibril content. Elastin expression was slightly reduced in HFD-groups (HFD: 14%, HFD-VAD: 16% of respective controls, both P < 0.05), whereas neither diet nor VAD affected expression levels of collagen I or III. Lipid droplet volumes decreased by 32% in septal fibroblasts (P < 0.05) and by 53% in alveolar epithelial type 2 (AE2) cells in CD-VAD, compared with CD. HFD alone led to a 20% reduction in lung airspace volume, a 13% decrease in septal surface area, and a 15% reduction in AE2 cell numbers compared with CD. These VAD- and obesity-related changes were alleviated or absent in HFD-VAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VAD-induced elastic fiber remodeling and lipid droplet reduction in the alveolar region of lean mice, whereas HFD resulted in smaller lungs containing less AE2 cells. Both VAD- and obesity-related effects were attenuated in HFD-VAD, indicating mutually mitigating effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinto Bean Supplementation Modulates Gut Microbiota and Improves Markers of Gut Integrity in a Mouse Model of Estrogen Deficiency","authors":"Femi Olawale ,&nbsp;Sanmi E Alake ,&nbsp;Ranjitha Chandrashekar ,&nbsp;Proapa Islam ,&nbsp;Brooke Sutton ,&nbsp;Nathan Chaffin ,&nbsp;Chinemerem H Ugo ,&nbsp;Jong Beom Jin ,&nbsp;Stanley Lightfoot ,&nbsp;Jean Debédat ,&nbsp;Anthony Schilmiller ,&nbsp;Winyoo Chowanadisai ,&nbsp;Trina A Knotts ,&nbsp;Brenda J Smith ,&nbsp;Edralin A Lucas","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emerging research suggests that changes in gut microbiota play a key role in menopause-related diseases by modulating gut health.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated the effects of pinto bean (PB) supplementation on gut integrity in an estrogen-deficient mouse model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty 3-mo-old female C57BL/6J mice were injected with either sesame oil (vehicle) or vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD, 160 mg/kg) for 30 d to induce estrogen deficiency. Mice were then randomly assigned to 2 dietary groups (<em>n</em> = 15/group): control (AIN-93M) or AIN-93M + 10% (wt/wt) PB for 16 wk. Ovarian failure was confirmed by uterine weight and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Gut health was assessed by measuring tight junction proteins, β-glucuronidase activity, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and 16S microbiota composition. PB was evaluated for its estrogenic effects by molecular docking analysis of the identified polyphenols against estrogen receptor (ER)-α and ER-β. Data were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance, with estrogen status (VCD) and diet as factors followed by post hoc tests when significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) interaction effect was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>VCD significantly (<em>P</em>_VCD &lt; 0.05) reduced relative uterine weight (∼35%) and increased serum FSH (∼60%), confirming estrogen reduction. PB restored jejunal <em>Cldn1</em> (<em>P</em>_{diet × VCD} &lt; 0.05) in VCD-treated mice and significantly increased (<em>P</em>_diet=0.010) β-glucuronidase activity (∼25%). PB enriched some beneficial bacteria genera (i.e., <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, <em>Bacteroides</em>, <em>Dubosiella,</em> and <em>Lactobacillus</em>) and increased fecal acetic, propionic, n-butyric, and total SCFAs by 2-fold compared with those on the control diet. Molecular docking analysis identified sinapic and ferulic acid as phytoestrogens in PB with high binding affinity for ERs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PB supplementation improves gut microbial diversity and integrity in estrogen deficiency, offering potential benefits for menopause-related gut health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 9","pages":"Pages 2980-2995"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Dietary Carbohydrate Intakes, Fatty Acid Oxidation Rates, and Sites of Ectopic Fat Deposition Over Two Years in Persons with Treated HIV","authors":"John R Koethe ,&nbsp;Annaliese Widmer ,&nbsp;Michelle E Robles ,&nbsp;Kate Lillegard ,&nbsp;Jake Weeks ,&nbsp;Helia Esfandiari ,&nbsp;Run Fan ,&nbsp;Fei Ye ,&nbsp;Marques Bradshaw ,&nbsp;Claude B Sirlin ,&nbsp;Heidi J Silver","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) have exaggerated accumulation of ectopic fat and cardiometabolic disease risk.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to characterize longitudinal changes in habitual diet and macronutrient oxidation in relation to changes in abdominal adipose tissue and ectopic fat sites using magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cohort of 49 males with HIV had comprehensive assessments at baseline, 52 wk (year 1), and 104 wk (year 2). Linear mixed effects models accounted for the correlation structure in the data and estimated effects over time. Fixed effects included baseline value of the outcome, age, body mass index [BMI (in kg/m²)], time since HIV diagnosis, and duration of ART.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The consumption of simple carbohydrates decreased over time (total and added sugars, <em>P</em> = 0.03) concomitant with increased ratio of fatty acid to carbohydrate oxidation (<em>P</em> = 0.01). The amount of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue decreased 15% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), and the amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) decreased 7% (<em>P</em> = 0.009) simultaneously with improved subcutaneous adipose tissue and VAT densities. Improvement in VAT density is associated with reduced fat fraction of the liver (<em>r</em> = –0.28, <em>P</em> = 0.04) and thighs (<em>r</em> = –0.41, <em>P</em> = 0.03), indicating overall reduced ectopic fat accumulation. However, pancreas density decreased (<em>P</em> = 0.03), and no statistically significant change was observed in skeletal muscle density (<em>P</em> = 0.16), suggesting tissue-specific impacts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings support the relationship between dietary carbohydrate intake, fat oxidation rate, and fat mobilization to reduce ectopic lipid deposition in persons with HIV. Although modest changes in dietary intakes show potential for improving metabolic flexibility and body composition among individuals on long-term ART, some organs and tissues may not respond in tandem with other depots of ectopic fat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 9","pages":"Pages 3057-3065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Fiber Intake and Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Men and Women: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study","authors":"Akiko Nanri ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Mizoue ,&nbsp;Atsushi Goto ,&nbsp;Masayuki Kato ,&nbsp;Mitsuhiko Noda ,&nbsp;Norie Sawada ,&nbsp;Shoichiro Tsugane ,&nbsp;Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Total dietary fiber and cereal fiber intake have been reported to be associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, evidence from Asia is limited and inconsistent. In addition, to our knowledge, no Japanese study has examined the association of dietary fiber intake from food sources.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We prospectively examined the association of dietary fiber and its source with type 2 diabetes risk among Japanese adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were 27,798 men and 36,883 women aged 44–76 y who completed a food frequency questionnaire from 1995 to 1998 (baseline of the present study), had no history of diabetes, and returned a follow-up questionnaire 5 y later, when physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes was self-reported. Odds ratios of the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes according to dietary fiber intake were estimated by logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the 5-y period, 1190 cases of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were identified. Total dietary fiber intake was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of type 2 diabetes for the highest compared with lowest quartile of total dietary fiber intake was 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.72, 1.15) (<em>P</em>-trend = 0.36). On analysis by food source, dietary fiber intake from any of cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruits was not associated with type 2 diabetes, with corresponding values (95% confidence intervals of 0.95: 0.79, 1.14) for cereals, 0.96: 0.78, 1.19 for legumes, 1.00: 0.81, 1.23 for vegetables, and 1.12: 0.90, 1.39) for fruits.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that dietary fiber intake has no association with the risk of type 2 diabetes among Japanese.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 9","pages":"Pages 3108-3115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Oral Microbial Protease Co-ingestion with Whey Protein on Postprandial Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations, Appetite, and Satiety in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial.","authors":"Yijia Huang, Zachary W Bell, Alyasamin Alhamwi, Benjamin Sauvageau, Divine Malenda, Silar Gardy, Thalia Krauth-Ibarz, Sarkis J Hannaian, José A Correa, Ari Gritsas, Sean M Garvey, Kelly M Tinker, Sidney Abou Sawan, José A Morais, Tyler A Churchward-Venne","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proteases are enzymes that breakdown proteins into peptides and amino acids. When co-ingested with dietary protein, proteases may enhance digestion, increase postprandial plasma amino acid concentration, and affect gut hormones, appetite, and/or satiety.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a mixture of 3 microbial protease preparations (P3) on postprandial plasma amino acid concentration when co-ingested with whey protein concentrate (WPC) in healthy young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>P3 was first tested in vitro for proteolytic effects in a static simulation of orogastric digestion. In a subsequent randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study, 12 males and 12 females [body mass index (BMI)-mean: 23.6 (SD: 2.9); age-mean: 25 y (SD: 3 y)] consumed WPC (25 g protein) containing P3 or placebo (maltodextrin). Plasma amino acid, glucose, insulin, and appetite regulatory hormone concentrations were assessed at baseline and throughout a 240-min postprandial period. Perceived appetite sensations were assessed by visual analog scale questionnaires. An ad libitum meal was administered following each treatment to determine energy intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>P3 demonstrated proteolytic activity at 50,000 hemoglobin units on tyrosine basis per 31.9 g serving of WPC in vitro. Adjusted geometric mean postprandial plasma 60-min incremental area under the curve was 14% greater for essential amino acids (treatment: P = 0.025) and 15% greater for branched-chain amino acids (treatment: P = 0.021) with P3 than placebo, with no differences for total amino acids or leucine (all P > 0.05). Adjusted geometric mean postprandial plasma ghrelin was 12% lower (treatment: P < 0.001), whereas adjusted mean visual analog scale-derived fullness (treatment: P = 0.025) and satiation (interaction: t = 30-150 min; all P < 0.05) were greater with P3 than placebo. Adjusted mean postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and ad libitum meal energy intake were not different between treatments (all P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Co-ingestion of WPC with P3 can enhance early postprandial plasma aminoacidemia and alter select indices of appetite and satiety in young adults. This trial was prospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05957185.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric Cancer and Obesity: Disease Occurrence and Perioperative Treatment","authors":"Ruixin Xu ,&nbsp;Siwei Pan ,&nbsp;Yanqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Can Hu ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, the association between obesity and gastric cancer (GC) has gained significant attention. This review examines current research on the effects of obesity on GC risk, surgical outcomes, and prognosis. Findings indicate that obesity significantly increases risk of GC and substantially affects the perioperative treatment of patients with GC. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms by which obesity contributes to GC were explored, including insulin resistance, abnormal adipokine secretion, hormonal changes, reflux esophagitis, and <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> infection. In the context of perioperative treatment, obesity not only increases surgical complexity and prolongs operative duration but also elevates the incidence of postoperative complications. In conclusion, the relationship between obesity and GC is highly complex and requires further investigation to improve treatment strategies and prognostic evaluations in GC management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 9","pages":"Pages 2799-2810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Dietary Protein Quality: Digestible Indispensible Amino Acid Scores and Beyond.","authors":"Joseph J Matthews, Emily J Arentson-Lantz, Paul J Moughan, Robert R Wolfe, Arny A Ferrando, David D Church","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary protein quality refers to the capacity of a food to meet the human metabolic needs for essential amino acids (EAAs) and nitrogen. This is critical in low- and middle-income countries, where severe protein malnutrition occurs, and relevant in higher-income countries, where increasing dietary EAA intake may improve health and function. There are several methods to assess protein quality, each with different objectives. Chemical scoring metrics, like the digestible indispensable amino acid score, describe the EAA composition and digestibility of a protein source. However, these methods do not capture the metabolic activity of food-derived amino acids. Overreliance on a single metric leads to generic dietary recommendations lacking individual context. This review draws on chemical score and stable isotope methods to provide a comprehensive assessment of dietary protein quality. We translate these findings into practical recommendations for improving protein quality in the context of whole diets. High-quality protein sources are characterized by high EAA density (%EAAs/kcals), digestibility, bioavailability, and the capacity to stimulate protein synthesis. Practically, protein quality improves when using processing and cooking methods that reduce antinutrients, denature proteins, and reduce food particle size and structure. Conversely, protein quality decreases when exposing foods to prolonged storage, heat sterilization, and high surface temperatures. Diet modeling studies show that EAA density and protein quality are higher in omnivorous and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, and diets high in whole food plant-derived proteins may require greater total protein and energy intakes to compensate for lower protein quality. For incomplete plant-derived proteins, consuming complementary proteins may be beneficial. Considerations for dietary protein quality in older adults include chewing efficiency, food particle size, and higher EAA density and leucine intakes to maximize muscle protein synthesis. Recognizing dietary protein quality as a multifaceted, modifiable metric is essential to improving dietary recommendations and public health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination Supplement Therapy: A New Frontier in Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases","authors":"Alexander Shtilbans","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review highlights the importance and potential beneficial effects of dietary supplements, including taurine, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), curcumin, coenzyme Q10, creatine, and N-acetylcysteine, in the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Studies in preclinical models have consistently shown significant potential of these supplements in mitigating neurodegenerative pathology. Through a range of mechanisms targeting different molecular pathways, these supplements demonstrate therapeutic outcomes in preclinical models of conditions such as Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington disease. This review discusses published data on each of these supplements in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. It also discusses a combination therapy concept and proposes a strategy to formulate an optimal blend of these supplements. This combination approach will target key processes, including mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress responsible for neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, this review examines various models used for both the initial screening and subsequent assessment of candidate supplement combinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 9","pages":"Pages 2811-2824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}