Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"A Method That Maintains Accuracy in the Prediction of Vitamin A Total Body Stores When Population-Based Modeling of a Limited Number of Theoretical Subjects Is Used With Retinol Isotope Dilution","authors":"Michael H Green,&nbsp;Joanne Balmer Green","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Retinol isotope dilution (RID) equations are used to predict vitamin A total body stores (TBS). Including population-based (“super-subject”) modeling with RID provides group-specific values for the equation coefficients.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective was to test an approach that would accommodate a limited super-subject sample size without compromising accuracy in RID predictions of TBS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used Simulation, Analysis and Modeling software to simulate fraction of dose in plasma (FD_p) at 16 times from 3 h to 56 d after tracer ingestion in 20 theoretical adults. Then, we modeled geometric mean FD_p (“full dataset”) to determine group mean TBS and the coefficients <em>Fa</em> (FD in stores) and <em>S</em> (specific activity in plasma/stores) in the RID equation TBS (μmol) = <em>FaS</em>/plasma retinol specific activity. Using the same FD_p data, we also generated 4 datasets with reduced subject numbers at times other than that designated for RID (day 21). Then, we adjusted individual FD_p using the ratio (individual FD_p on day 21/mean FD_p on day 21; “adjusted datasets”), modeled each, and determined TBS and <em>FaS</em> for comparison with the full dataset values.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean ratio of model-predicted TBS for adjusted/full dataset was 0.962 (range: 0.920–1.06) and for <em>FaS</em>, it was 0.945 (day 14), 0.971 (day 21), and 0.984 (day 28).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>For these theoretical data, adjusting individual FD_p values based on relationship to the group mean FD_p at an appropriate time (21 d) maintains the accuracy of model predictions of TBS and the RID composite coefficient <em>FaS</em>. If these results are confirmed using real data, values for <em>FaS</em> determined in a small super-subject study can be applied to confidently predict TBS by RID in that group’s individuals. This approach will be especially useful when resources are limited for studies of vitamin A status in community settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1160-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection of Green Tea Polyphenols against Neurodegenerative Diseases: Evidence and Possible Mechanisms","authors":"Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Baolu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. With aging of the global population, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), has increased worldwide. Unfortunately, the available therapeutic options for these neurodegenerative diseases are limited, most of which only provide symptomatic relief and have potentially serious side effects. Epidemiological studies have shown that green tea consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of cognitive decline and decreased risk of AD and PD, providing an attractive preventive and therapeutic option. Polyphenols are major bioactive components in green tea, which contribute to the beneficial effects of green tea. Accumulating data suggest that green tea polyphenols (GTPs) have neuroprotective properties that inhibit the pathological development of neurodegenerative diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet completely understood. This paper reviews both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> evidence that demonstrates the neuroprotective effects of GTPs against neurodegenerative diseases, with the main focus on AD and PD, and summarizes the possible molecular mechanisms by which GTPs impede the progression of neurodegeneration. In particular, this review highlights the modulation of GTPs on the common mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including oxidative stress-mediated neuronal toxicity, impaired proteostasis, and metal ion dyshomeostasis. The potential of using GTPs in the intervention of neurodegenerative diseases is also discussed, hopefully, providing useful insights into novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for these diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1077-1088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Reprograms Placental Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Which Correlate with Reduced Fetal Brain but not Body Weight in a Mouse Model of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure","authors":"Nipun Saini ,&nbsp;Sandra M Mooney ,&nbsp;Susan M Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) impairs fetal growth and brain development. Dysregulated placental function contributes to these deficits. Whether PAE also disrupts its metabolic functions to impede fetal development is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We performed untargeted metabolomics to gain mechanistic insights on how PAE impacts placental metabolism and fetal nutrient availability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with alcohol (ALC, 3 g/kg) or isocaloric maltodextrin (CON) daily on embryonic days (E) E8.5 through E17.5. We performed untargeted metabolomics on placentas harvested at E17.5.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Alcohol reduced placental glucose and glycolytic intermediates and increased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, suggesting a shift from glucose to lipids to meet its high energetic demands. This was complemented by elevations in intermediates of the pentose phosphate and glucosamine pathways, indicating a diversion of glucose into nonoxidative fates. Alcohol also decreased aspartate and asparagine, consistent with the limited glucose availability and increased fetal demand for nitrogen acceptors to support its increased gluconeogenesis and urea production. Alcohol also caused a selective increase in purine metabolites despite the limited availability of donor sources glucose, serine, glycine, glutamine, and asparagine. Uridine nucleotides were also elevated and may represent an adaptive change to meet the increased need for thiamin pyrophosphate in the oxidative decarboxylations of the TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathways. Decreases in multiple oxylipins having antivasoconstriction actions could be a mechanism by which alcohol alters the placental vasculature and promotes vasoconstriction. Importantly, the selective and strong correlation of these dysregulated metabolites with reduced fetal brain weight, but not body weight, affirms the importance of the placenta-brain axis and placental metabolism on brain development.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Alcohol causes metabolic dysregulation and reprogramming of the late-term placenta. These changes limit fetal nutrient availability and contribute to the reduced brain development and cognitive impairments that partly typify PAE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1127-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Changes in Human Milk Concentration across the First 6 Months of Life?","authors":"Melissa F Young","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1012-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water as a Source of Iodine","authors":"Tor A Strand","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1017-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Well-Balanced Vegan Diet Does not Compromise Daily Mixed Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates when Compared with an Omnivorous Diet in Active Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial","authors":"Jacintha Domić ,&nbsp;Philippe JM Pinckaers ,&nbsp;Pol Grootswagers ,&nbsp;Els Siebelink ,&nbsp;Johanna C Gerdessen ,&nbsp;Luc JC van Loon ,&nbsp;Lisette CPGM de Groot","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Plant-based foods have reduced protein digestibility and frequently display unbalanced amino acid profiles. Plant-based foods are therefore considered inferior to animal-based foods in their anabolic potential. No study has assessed the anabolic potential of a vegan diet that provides a large variety of plant-based protein sources in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the effect of a 10-d vegan diet on daily mixed muscle protein synthesis (MPS) rates in comparison with an isocaloric, isonitrogenous, omnivorous diet in community-dwelling older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-over trial assessed 34 community-dwelling older adults (72 ± 4 y, 18 males, 16 females), who were randomly assigned to consume a 10-d controlled vegan diet, followed by a controlled omnivorous diet (60% animal protein), or vice versa. One day before the study diets, participants consumed 400 mL deuterated water, followed by daily doses of 50 mL. Subsequent plasma and muscle samples were collected during the intervention period. Physical activity levels were assessed using accelerometry. Secondary outcomes were cardiometabolic risk factors and appetite. Statistical analyses were performed using linear mixed models, and results are presented as means ± standard errors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Integrated MPS rates did not differ between the vegan (1.23 ± 0.04%/d) and omnivorous (1.29 ± 0.04%/d) diets (<em>P =</em> 0.2542). Plasma low-density lipoprotein (Δ0.23 ± 0.03, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001), high-density lipoprotein (Δ0.03 ± 0.14, <em>P =</em> 0.0387), and total cholesterol (Δ0.25 ± 0.04, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001) levels were significantly lower succeeding the vegan diet than the omnivorous diet. There were no significant differences between the omnivorous and the vegan diet in fasting plasma triglyceride, glucose and insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (<em>P &gt;</em> 0.05). Physical activity levels were high (12,460 ± 4512 steps/d).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A well-balanced vegan diet providing a variety of plant-based protein sources does not compromise daily MPS rates when compared with an isocaloric, isonitrogenous omnivorous diet in physically active, older adults.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05624333 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05624333</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1141-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence and Women’s Dietary Diversity: A Population-Based Investigation in 8 Low- and Middle-Income Countries","authors":"Luissa Vahedi ,&nbsp;Manuela Orjuela-Grimm ,&nbsp;Pui Man (Pamela) Chan ,&nbsp;Sarah R Meyer","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses a significant threat to the well-being of women and girls and is a highly prevalent form of gender-based violence. Evidence regarding the nutritional implications of IPV has focused primarily on intergenerational relationships with child nutrition and growth. There remains a knowledge gap regarding the association with women’s own dietary intake.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We investigated relationships between past-year IPV (physical, emotional, and sexual) and women's dietary habits, using the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women tool.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The data sources analyzed were the cross-sectional Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Cambodia (2021, <em>N</em> = 5618), Nepal (2022, <em>N</em> = 4155), Sierra Leone (2019, <em>N</em> = 3808), Nigeria (2018, <em>N</em> = 8313), Tajikistan (2017, <em>N</em> = 4792), Cote D’Ivoire (2022, <em>N</em> = 3654), Kenya (2022, <em>N</em> = 10,717), and the Philippines (2022, <em>N</em> = 12,240). Utilizing multivariable generalized linear models, we assessed the overall relationship between women’s exposure to IPV and <em>1</em>) the number of food groups consumed and <em>2</em>) minimum dietary diversity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results reveal heterogeneous relationship patterns between IPV and women’s diet. Although none of the pooled estimates were significant and there were a large number of nonsignificant associations, IPV was associated with consuming a lower number of total food groups and reduced consumption of a diverse diet in Nigeria, Kenya, and the Philippines. There is evidence that in Tajikistan, physical violence relates to an increased number of food groups consumed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>IPV is associated with altered dietary intake patterns within certain low- and middle-income countries. The directionality of associations may depend on local food environments and food access. Further research is needed to clarify the pathways underlying these findings. These pathways may involve impacts of IPV that influence diet and food access, for example, mental health symptoms and disorders and related coping mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1236-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional Association of Gut Microbiota-Derived Trimethylamine N-Oxide and its Precursors with Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate: A Cross-Lagged Cohort Study","authors":"Ruiheng Peng ,&nbsp;Peiying Tian ,&nbsp;Ying Lu ,&nbsp;He Bai ,&nbsp;Yani Wu ,&nbsp;Bin Liang ,&nbsp;Wenli Ruan ,&nbsp;Enmao Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingfeng Ma ,&nbsp;Liqiang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>It is unclear whether trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors are bidirectionally associated with kidney dysfunction.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate whether increased TMAO and its precursors are linked to decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and whether reduced eGFR is associated with elevated TMAO and its precursors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our study consists of participants with creatinine, TMAO, and its precursors (choline, carnitine, and betaine) repeatedly measured from the Fuxin rural cohort. We utilized cross-lagged panel models to assess the potential bidirectional associations of TMAO and its precursors with eGFR. Age (≥60 and &lt;60 y) and sex-specified associations and interaction effects were examined using multi-group cross-lagged panel models. The Bonferroni method was applied for multiple comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1746 participants [mean age 59.4 ± 9.3 y, 584 (33%) male], TMAO was inversely related to eGFR after 2 years [cross-lagged coefficient, 95% confidence interval: –0.030, –0.058, –0.002, <em>P</em> = 0.035], and eGFR was negatively associated with carnitine after 2 years (–0.138, –0.198, –0.078, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed significant associations between baseline TMAO and eGFR after 2 years in individuals aged 60 and older (–0.061, –0.107, –0.014, <em>P</em> = 0.011) and between baseline eGFR and carnitine after 2 years in individuals aged 60 and older (–0.093, –0.164, –0.022, <em>P</em> = 0.010), in those under 60 (–0.153, –0.226, –0.079, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and in females (–0.154, –0.229, –0.079, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, baseline eGFR is nominally associated with choline after 2 years in those aged under 60 (0.092, 0.017, 0.167, <em>P</em> = 0.017) and in males (0.114, 0.015, 0.213, <em>P</em> = 0.025).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Deceased eGFR is related to elevated serum carnitine concentrations and may be linked to choline. Conversely, elevated TMAO may be linked to reduced kidney function. This provides novel evidence that managing healthy kidney function helps keep TMAO and its precursors at optimal levels, whereas maintaining low TMAO concentrations reduces risk of kidney disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1057-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Muscle Building Potential of Vegan Eating for Older Folks","authors":"Takeshi M Barnes ,&nbsp;Nicholas A Burd","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1009-1011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium and Phosphorus Retention and Excretion in Different Strains of Laying Hens during Brooding Period and Key Genes Regulating Calcium and Phosphate Transport","authors":"Ruochen Yang ,&nbsp;Bowen Lu ,&nbsp;Tengchuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhonghao Liu ,&nbsp;Lihong Zhao ,&nbsp;Shimeng Huang ,&nbsp;Qiugang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) intake during brooding affects laying hens’ later production and health, with availability varying among strains, necessitating further investigation of the factors influencing these differences.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the availability of Ca and P and related gene expression among 3 high-yielding layer strains during the first 6 wk and identify genes strongly associated with nutrient absorption.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ninety pullets (1-d-old, female) from 3 strains [medium size, large egg layer (ML), light size, medium egg layer (LM), and dwarf, small egg layer (DS) weighted 31.533 ± 0.63 g, 39.367 ± 1.40 g, and 34.099 ± 0.64 g, respectively] were randomly assigned to 6 replicates of 15 birds each for 6-wk cage rearing. Feces were collected weekly to track the Ca and P availability. Initial and final body weights and tibial lengths were recorded to determine growth performance. Intestinal samples were collected to determine the gene expression of Ca and P transporters [transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6<em>,</em> calbindin D28k, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (<em>NCX1</em>), plasma membrane Ca-ATPase 1b, and sodium-dependent phosphate transporter IIb (<em>NPt2b</em>)] as well as tight junction proteins (claudin-2 and claudin-12).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ML and LM pullets exhibited significantly greater body weight (443 g, 436 g compared with 319 g, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and tibial length (70.6 mm, 69.6 mm compared with 59.2 mm, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) than DS. Notably, during the sixth week, the Ca and P retention in DS (0.847 g/wk compared with 1.648 g/wk, 0.662 g/wk compared with 1.141 g/wk) was significantly lower than that in ML, and in most weeks, DS exhibited the lowest Ca availability among the 3 strains. Gene expression analysis revealed higher expression levels of Ca transporters in the duodenum of ML and LM than in DS, whereas DS demonstrated elevated transporter expression in the jejunum. Furthermore, ML and LM exhibited more pronounced expression of tight junction proteins across most intestinal segments.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study indicated that expression of Ca and P transporter is highest in the duodenum, and duodenal <em>NCX1</em>, <em>NPt2b</em> were the genes most significantly positively correlated with the retention and excretion of Ca and P in pullets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1099-1107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}