Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Microbiome-Based Precision Interventions in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms, Modulators, and Translational Opportunities","authors":"Davini Clister,&nbsp;Qhelen Mayline Chandra,&nbsp;Michle William Tan,&nbsp;Mega Carensia Gunawan,&nbsp;Aasia Bibi,&nbsp;Amer Ahmed,&nbsp;Marianne Bastian,&nbsp;Pornphimon Meesakul,&nbsp;Shugeng Cao,&nbsp;Bonglee Kim,&nbsp;Fahrul Nurkolis,&nbsp;Rony Abdi Syahputra","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease driven by insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, and impaired glucose regulation. Although pharmacological options have advanced, sustained glycemic control remains elusive due to heterogeneity in disease progression and therapeutic response. Precision medicine offers a framework to individualize interventions, with the gut microbiota emerging as a central determinant of host metabolic and immune regulation. Dysbiosis has been implicated in T2DM through altered microbial metabolites—including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, branched-chain amino acids, and indole derivatives—that shape insulin sensitivity, inflammatory pathways, and glucose homeostasis. This review critically examined microbiome-targeted strategies such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and personalized nutrition, alongside advances in metagenomics and machine learning for biomarker discovery. By integrating mechanistic and translational insights, we highlight opportunities and challenges in implementing microbiome-based precision interventions, underscoring their potential to transform T2DM management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101596"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-Restricted Eating in Metabolic and Clinical Health: a Current Evidence and Mechanistic Insights","authors":"Tatiana Palotta Minari,&nbsp;Luciana Pellegrini Pisani","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Time-restricted eating (TRE) and intermittent fasting are emerging nutritional strategies with potential benefits for metabolic and clinical health. However, the variety of fasting models and overlapping mechanisms and behaviors has led to conceptual ambiguity.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This scoping review aims to review recent evidence on TRE regarding metabolic regulation, glycemic control, appetite, gut microbiota, circadian alignment, and cancer support.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CrossRef, and Google Scholar. Included studies were randomized or nonrandomized trials and observational studies focused on TRE, excluding alternate-day and prolonged fasting. Data were thematically charted and descriptively synthesized across metabolic and hormonal outcomes, gut microbiota, chrononutrition, and oncology.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. TRE protocols (e.g., 16:8, 14:10) improved body composition, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and inflammation. Evidence also points to enhanced mitochondrial function, appetite hormone modulation, and gut microbiota diversity. Early feeding aligned with circadian rhythms yielded better glycemic outcomes. Although several benefits can occur independently of a negative energy balance, in real-world practical settings, TER may coincide with unintentional reductions in energy intake and other lifestyle adjustments. Therefore, these effects underscore the need for careful monitoring to safeguard nutritional adequacy and support long-term sustainability. Preliminary findings also suggest potential adjunctive roles in cancer care.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TRE represents safe, adaptable, and clinically relevant strategies for metabolic health when individualized and professionally supervised. Although mechanistic and clinical data are encouraging, long-term adherence and sustainability remain key research priorities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145889278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Minimum Dietary Carbohydrate Requirement in Apparently Healthy Adults: Findings from a 16-Day Controlled Feeding Trial","authors":"Yingying Li,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Sun,&nbsp;Jiayi Wu,&nbsp;Peng Gao,&nbsp;Jiawen Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaobing Liu,&nbsp;Xuesong Xiang,&nbsp;Simin Liu,&nbsp;Yuexin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Defining the minimum carbohydrate requirement is crucial for health and disease prevention. However, the estimated average requirement (EAR) for carbohydrates in adults was based on limited data that might not reflect physiological adaptations or individual differences.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to assess <em>1</em>) the minimum dietary carbohydrate requirement in apparently healthy Chinese adults by identifying the highest carbohydrate intake that avoids nutritional ketosis, <em>2</em>) the effect modification by sex and age, and <em>3</em>) validate a novel ex vivo method to monitor the 24-h dynamics of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this controlled feeding trial, 22 healthy adults first completed a 3-d very low-carbohydrate diet (20 g/d) to induce nutritional ketosis (fasting venous BHB ≥0.5 mmol/L). Carbohydrate intake was then progressively increased (40, 50, 70, 90, and 110 g/d) while maintaining constant protein and fat intakes. We measured circulating BHB levels via the reference-standard venous blood biochemistry and a novel ex vivo method for continuous ketone monitoring (CKM). Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the carbohydrate intake threshold corresponding to a BHB concentration of 0.5 mmol/L.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the study period, participants’ resting metabolic rate remained unchanged, although a shift from carbohydrate to fat oxidation was confirmed during ketosis. A significant negative nonlinear relationship was observed between carbohydrate intake and BHB levels. The minimum carbohydrate requirements were ∼105 g/d for males and 93 g/d for females, as indicated by venous blood measures, and 88 g/d for males and 78 g/d for females via CKM. There was a strong agreement between the CKM and venous measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings from this controlled feeding study established the minimum carbohydrate requirement to avoid significant fat mobilization in healthy Chinese adults, revealing a marked sex difference, and validated the clinical utility of a novel ex vivo method for dynamic metabolic monitoring.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as ChiCTR2500102659. (<span><span>https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=272503</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101617"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol Promotes Goat Myoblast Differentiation via PROX1-Mediated Inhibition of NOTCH Signaling","authors":"Yirong Wei,&nbsp;Yufan Liu,&nbsp;Shaoqiang Wu,&nbsp;Dinghao Xu,&nbsp;Pengfei Cheng,&nbsp;Yanna Huang,&nbsp;Qinyang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101631","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenolic compound, has been reported to regulate cellular differentiation; however, its role in skeletal muscle development in ruminants remains unclear.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which RES regulates myoblast differentiation in goats, with a focus on the role of &lt;em&gt;PROX1&lt;/em&gt; and its downstream signaling pathways.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Primary myoblasts isolated from a 3-mo-old fetal Nubian goat were used as an in vitro model and treated with 20 μmol/L RES, with untreated cells serving as controls. RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes, and RT-qPCR, molecular docking, as well as gain- and loss-of-function assays were conducted to investigate the role of &lt;em&gt;PROX1&lt;/em&gt; in myogenic differentiation. For in vivo validation, 20 healthy castrated male Nubian goats (180 ± 3 d of age; &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 10/group) were fed either a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg RES for 120 d. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected at the end of the experiment for subsequent analyses. Myogenic markers and signaling pathways were analyzed, and relative gene expression was calculated using the 2&lt;sup&gt;−ΔΔCt&lt;/sup&gt; method.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;RNA-seq identified 221 differentially expressed genes after RES treatment, among which PROX1 was significantly upregulated (Log2Fold Change = 1.7, ∼3.25-fold compared with control, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.0001). Molecular docking analysis indicated a stable interaction between RES and PROX1. Both &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; experiments showed that RES significantly increased &lt;em&gt;PROX1&lt;/em&gt; expression by ∼182% and 105%, respectively (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). Functional analyses demonstrated that &lt;em&gt;PROX1&lt;/em&gt; overexpression promoted myogenic differentiation, increasing the mRNA expression levels of &lt;em&gt;MyoD&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;MyoG&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;MyHC&lt;/em&gt; to 2.70-, 1.75-, and 1.80-fold of control levels, respectively (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001), whereas MyoD protein expression increased by ∼80% (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001) and myotube formation was significantly enhanced (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). In contrast, &lt;em&gt;PROX1&lt;/em&gt; knockdown markedly inhibited myogenic differentiation, reducing the mRNA expression of &lt;em&gt;MyoD&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;MyoG&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;MyHC&lt;/em&gt; by 75%, 48%, and 51%, respectively (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05), and decreasing MyoD protein expression by ∼43% (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). Mechanistically, PROX1 promoted myogenic differentiation through suppression of the NOTCH1/HES1 signaling pathway (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Moreover, RES partially rescued the differentiation impairment induced by &lt;em&gt;PROX1&lt;/em&gt; deficiency through activation of &lt;em&gt;PROX1&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). In vivo validation yielded results consistent with those observed in vitro.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;RES promotes myoblast differentiat","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148163440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Biomarkers of Vitamin B12 Status and Gut Microbial Guilds in a Cohort of Australian Adults","authors":"Marijke Rittmann,&nbsp;Guojun Wu,&nbsp;Liping Zhao,&nbsp;Tim J Green,&nbsp;Emily C Hanselman,&nbsp;Ralph Green,&nbsp;Yan Y Lam,&nbsp;Joshua W Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vitamin B₁₂ (B12) is an essential nutrient required for hematological and neurological function. Human gut microbes either synthesize B12 or use B12 consumed by hosts. Consequently, variation in gut microbiota may influence B12 status in humans.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The goal was to assess associations between gut microbiota and serum B12 and a functional biomarker of B12 status, methylmalonic acid (MMA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 90 adults (44 males/46 females; 20–75 y) living in Sydney, Australia, 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene V3-V4 amplicon sequencing was used to profile gut microbiota at the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level. B12 was measured by automated chemiluminescence and MMA by high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem-mass spectrometry. Associations between tertiles of B12 and MMA and microbial alpha and beta diversity and overall microbiota composition were assessed. Microbial guilds were identified via coabundance analysis on ASVs. Multivariate linear regression and random forest regression were used to assess the associations between guilds and the B₁₂ biomarkers, controlling for age, sex, body mass index, and fiber intake.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean serum B12 and MMA were 389 ± 177 pmol/L and 210 ± 80 nmol/L, respectively. Gut microbial diversity and richness were significantly associated with B12 tertiles (Shannon index: <em>P</em> = 0.010; Faith’s phylogenetic diversity: <em>P</em> = 0.048; ASV number: <em>P</em> = 0.022). No associations were observed between B12 tertiles and beta diversity or between MMA tertiles and alpha or beta diversity. Thirty guilds were identified, with 2 guilds and age included in the final model predictive of B12 (<em>P</em> = 0.03), and 3 different guilds and no covariates included in the final model predictive of MMA (<em>P</em> = 0.003).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results indicate that different guilds are predictive of serum B12 compared with serum MMA. This suggests that some of the variance in serum MMA in adults is not specific to B12 status, which has ramifications for interpreting MMA as a marker of B12 status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148149522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concordant Women, Infants, and Children Staff and Pediatrician Recommendations Associated with Improved Breastfeeding","authors":"Kelin Li,&nbsp;Heather Wasser,&nbsp;Kori B Flower,&nbsp;Stephanie L Martin,&nbsp;Qi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) may perceive different recommendations for breastfeeding from their pediatricians and the WIC staff.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to examine how the concordance between perceived pediatricians’ and WIC staff’s breastfeeding recommendations was associated with WIC participants’ breastfeeding outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 1344 participants in the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 and examined the concordance between pediatricians’ and WIC staff’s breastfeeding recommendations. Concordance was defined as mothers' perception of whether both pediatricians and WIC staff recommended exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 1 mo postpartum. The outcome variables were EBF at 1, 3, and 5 mo postpartum and any breastfeeding at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 mo postpartum. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine longitudinal disparities in breastfeeding between participants who received concordant recommendations and those who did not.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A higher proportion of mothers reported that WIC staff recommended EBF (88.5%) than pediatricians (39.3%). Conversely, a lower proportion of mothers reported being advised by WIC staff that formula and breastfeeding were equivalent (7.0%) than by pediatricians (50.7%). The odds ratios of EBF among mothers with concordant recommendations were 2.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.06, 3.88], 2.00 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.76), and 2.12 (95% CI: 1.49, 3.00) at 1, 3, and 5 mo, respectively. Similar patterns were observed regarding any breastfeeding as well.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Concordant breastfeeding recommendations from both WIC staff and pediatricians are associated with better breastfeeding outcomes, underscoring the need for greater alignment between care teams’ breastfeeding guidance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101616"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Fiber Intake, FTO Genotypes, and Their Interactions on Obesity-Related Measures: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry","authors":"Toshiaki Ohkuma,&nbsp;Masanori Iwase,&nbsp;Taiki Higashi,&nbsp;Wakako Sakamoto,&nbsp;Tetsuro Ago","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Higher dietary fiber intake has been associated with weight reduction and favorable cardiovascular disease risk profiles in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Variants in the fat mass and obesity-associated (<em>FTO</em>) gene have been associated with obesity as well as higher energy and fat intake, but it remains unclear whether these obesogenic genetic variants alter the association between dietary fiber intake and obesity, particularly in East Asian populations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between dietary fiber intake, genetic variants of the <em>FTO</em> gene, and their interaction with obesity-related indices in individuals with type 2 diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 4868 Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes were included. Participants were categorized according to quintiles of dietary fiber intake and FTO (rs12149832) genotype. Associations with body mass index [BMI (in kg/m²)], body weight, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio were examined cross-sectionally.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher dietary fiber intake was linearly associated with lower BMI (<em>P</em>-trend &lt;0.001); the multivariable-adjusted difference in BMI between the highest quintile (Q5) and the lowest quintile (Q1) was −1.25 [95% confidence interval (CI): −1.61, −0.88]. BMI increased linearly with the number of obesity-associated A alleles in <em>FTO</em> (<em>P</em>-trend &lt;0.001). The inverse association between dietary fiber intake and BMI was more pronounced in individuals with the GA or AA genotype than in those with the GG genotype (<em>P</em>-interaction = 0.009); BMI differences between highest quintile (Q5) and lowest quintile (Q1) were −1.80 (95% CI: −2.39, −1.20) for GA/AA and −0.88 (95% CI: −1.34, −0.42) for GG. Similar associations were observed for body weight, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher dietary fiber intake was associated with lower BMI in individuals with type 2 diabetes, with stronger associations observed among carriers of the obesity-related <em>FTO</em> risk allele. A personalized dietary approach considering genetic background may be beneficial for managing obesity and diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101481"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148194783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Dietary Micronutrient Intake and Serum Urate Concentrations Are Dependent on SLC2A9 Polymorphism rs12498742: A United Kingdom Biobank Cohort Study","authors":"Parker R Johnson,&nbsp;Parker A Huizinga,&nbsp;Aiden Y Kim,&nbsp;Cameron J Cardona,&nbsp;Riju Sigdel,&nbsp;Jillian M Joyce,&nbsp;McKale R Montgomery,&nbsp;Dingbo Lin,&nbsp;Yoo Kim,&nbsp;Sam R Emerson,&nbsp;Winyoo Chowanadisai","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Serum urate (SU) concentrations are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and gout. Both genetic and lifestyle factors can alter SU. The role of genetics in modifying associations between diet and SU is not well understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examined if associations between dietary micronutrient intake and SU are modulated by genetic risk for high SU.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We utilized the United Kingdom Biobank, with 108,992 participants after exclusions. Micronutrient intake was measured by 24-h recall. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were generated to estimate genetic risk. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 30 known urate-risk genes were examined to identify micronutrient–gene interaction loci. Custom PRSs designed to lack a single gene locus allowed for contrasting individual genes with remaining genetic risk. Micronutrient–gene interactions were analyzed for SU using linear regression with an interaction term. Results were deemed significant at false discovery rate (FDR) &lt;0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant interactions were observed between overall genetic risk and niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, biotin, folate, magnesium, total iron, nonheme iron, zinc, manganese, copper, and iodine (FDR &lt; 0.05). Higher intakes of these micronutrients were associated with larger decreases in SU concentrations in subjects with higher genetic risk. These interactions were largely replicated with 1 SNP, <em>SLC2A9</em> rs12498742. All interactions with the PRS, ceased after the <em>SLC2A9</em> gene was removed, suggesting <em>SLC2A9</em> as the primary locus of interaction. Analyses, stratified by the number of rs12498742 risk alleles, were indicative of effect modification for riboflavin, pantothenic acid, biotin, calcium, and magnesium and suggest that dietary intake of these micronutrients may be more impactful to those with higher genetic risk from <em>SLC2A9</em> rs12498742.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The urate-lowering potential of various micronutrients may be dependent on <em>SLC2A9</em> rs12498742 genotype. Individuals with the highest genetic risk from <em>SLC2A9</em> rs12498742 may benefit the most from dietary micronutrients associated with lower SU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148156949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing Profiles in Nutrition: Capturing the Voices Shaping the Field","authors":"Michelle K McGuire,&nbsp;Xin Gen Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-Restricted Eating and Intermittent Fasting: Trendy or Trusty?","authors":"Roberto Cannataro,&nbsp;Erika Cione","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101591","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101591"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}