Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"A New Approach to Estimate Habitual Intake of Nutrients with Skewed Distribution.","authors":"Smitha Joseph, Sumathi Swaminathan, Santu Ghosh, Tinku Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Habitual nutrient intake in a population is typically estimated using multiple 24-h recalls. Existing methods to estimate the habitual intake of skewed distributions are computationally intense.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To propose a new method to estimate habitual nutrient intake with skewed intake distributions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The proposed gamma regression method for estimating habitual intake distribution is compared with National Research Council and Iowa State University (ISU) methods using sample data of 4 nonconsecutive diet recalls collected from 120 children aged 0.5-5 y in Bihar, India. The gamma regression and ISU methods were considered comparable when the estimated difference in the habitual nutrient intake and its 95% confidence interval included the 8.2% equivalence limit for that nutrient. The impact of skewness on the habitual intake estimation was compared by simulating data with varying degrees of skewness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median (quartile 1, quartile 3) intakes estimated from gamma regression, ISU, and National Research Council methods were respectively 896 kcal (757, 1043 kcal), 895 kcal (752, 1054 kcal), and 893 kcal (748,1045 kcal) for energy, 22.6 g (19.5, 28.9 g), 22.6 g (19.5, 29.6 g), and 22.7 g (19.5, 29.5 g) for protein, 5.8 mg (3.3, 7.7 mg), 6.1 mg (3.3, 8.3 mg), and 6.1 mg (3.3, 8.2 mg) for iron, and 107 mcg retinol activity equivalents (RAE) (75, 134 mcg RAE), 114 mcg RAE (80, 143 mcg RAE), and 113 mcg RAE (79, 143 mcg RAE) for vitamin A. The estimates of percent bias of the gamma regression method were within the 8.2% equivalence limit, 0.32% (-0.03%, 0.67%) for energy, 0.28% (-0.14%, 0.70%) for protein, 4.36% (1.51%, 7.21%) for iron, and 3.53% (0.74%, 6.33%) for vitamin A. Simulation demonstrated that gamma regression method is comparable to ISU method for different levels of skewness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The simpler gamma regression method offers a viable alternative to address skewness in intake distributions by providing equivalent estimates without the complexity of the 2-step transformation of the ISU method.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation in Swine Nutrition in China over the Past Decade.","authors":"Ning Ma, Kun Cai, Haoyu Liu, Lihang He, Chunchen Liu, Xi Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food security and environmental challenges have reached a critical point that demands transformative interventions. In this context, optimizing swine nutrition emerges as a pivotal area of research. As the largest pork producer globally, China has achieved initial large-scale swine farming through the modernization of its feed industry. In the past decade, Chinese swine feeding standards were established to conduct modern analyses of nutritional requirements. Meanwhile, quality control strategies and sustainable development plans were developed to form a low-carbon, efficient, and internationalized production model. This review systematically addresses significant challenges in the swine industry, such as protein feed shortages, declined meat quality, antibiotic overuse, excessive mycotoxin levels, and environmental threats linked to intensive farming. It emphasizes targeted strategies, including precision feeding, waste recycling in circular agriculture, mycotoxin degradation, and antibiotic alternatives, which are proposed to address these issues. Under the future trends of the modern smart livestock industry, advancements in synthetic biology, artificial intelligence, molecular technologies, and carbon reduction practices are anticipated to further refine swine nutrition, thereby improving feed efficiency, animal welfare, and sustainable practices in alignment with the global \"One Health\" initiative.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144506016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee Consumption and Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study in Japan.","authors":"Izumi Nakayama, Atsushi Goto, Taiki Yamaji, Motoki Iwasaki, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane, Norie Sawada","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coffee consumption can be protective owing to its chemical compounds or harmful because of thermal injury in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, evidence remains inconsistent, as different studies have reported results ranging from protective effects to a 3-fold increase in esophageal cancer risk with coffee consumption. The association may differ between individuals who prefer hot beverages and those who do not.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To distinguish the effects of coffee from thermal injury, we examined the association between coffee consumption and ESCC according to beverage temperature preferences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based prospective cohort study used data from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study from 1990. Overall, 103,932 participants aged 40-69 y were included in the study. Coffee consumption and hot food or beverage preference were self-reported using baseline questionnaires. The incidence of ESCC until 2013 was identified through active surveillance of cancer registries. The association between coffee consumption and ESCC was assessed by stratification according to hot food or beverage preference. The joint association between the combination of coffee and hot food or beverage preference and ESCC risk was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a mean follow-up of 18.7 y, 434 patients with ESCC were identified. Coffee consumption was not significantly associated with ESCC risk [hazard ratio (HR) for ≥3 cups/d: 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58, 1.20]. The associations were not statistically significant among those who preferred hot food or beverages (HR for ≥3 cups/d: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.69) and those who did not (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 0.80, 2.48). Joint association analysis revealed no clear association. The results were similar when ESCC cases diagnosed within the first 3 y of follow-up were excluded.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This population-based prospective study did not find strong evidence supporting an association between coffee consumption and ESCC, either among individuals who preferred hot beverages or those who did not.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between the Plant-Based Dietary Pattern and Cardiovascular Events Risk Across Various Cardiovascular Disease Risk Populations in Northern China: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis from the China PEACE Project.","authors":"Fan Rui, Zhang Ying, Meng Yaqing, Zhu Wenli, Wang Junbo","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a primary cause of mortality in China. A thorough comprehension of the relationship between dietary patterns and CVD risk, coupled with the identification of effective dietary interventions, constitutes a robust foundation for enhancing the primary prevention of CVD.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the associations between plant-based dietary indices (PDIs) and risk of CVD events among individuals with varying levels of CVD risk in northern China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data from the China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Project was collected during 2017-2020 in Shanxi provinces. A total of 54,764 residents aged 35-75 y were eligible and enrolled in the cross-sectional study and divided into the high CVD risk population (HCRP) and the nonhigh CVD risk population according to the WHO prediction for CVD risk. The PDI was derived from data collected via the Food Frequency Questionnaire. We examined the relationship between PDI and risk of cardiovascular events (CVEs) utilizing generalized estimating equations, restricted cubic spline models, and mediation effect models, with adjustments for covariates. Subsequently, multivariate-adjusted Cox regression models were employed to analyze the association between PDI and the incidence risk of CVEs in the HCRP cohort over the follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cross-sectional analysis revealed a negative and linear association between PDI and CVEs risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97, 0.99] mediated by diabetes (β = -0.001) within the HCRP, characterized by an L-shaped relationship with a cut-off point of 47. Follow-up analysis indicated the higher PDI scores were associated with a lower incidence risk of CVEs in the subgroup with body mass index <24 kg/m² [P = 0.014; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.56, 1.08].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevention and control of CVD should not exclusively emphasize plant-based diets. Instead, it is imperative to adopt a comprehensive dietary approach considering the diverse physical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Different Forms of Dietary Supplemental Selenium in Hot Environment-induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Pigs.","authors":"Zhe Li, Yi Chu, Jing-Hui Zhang, Le Xu, Ben-Zeng Xia, Xin-Gen Lei, Xiao-Dong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary selenium (Se) supplementation shows protective effects against heat stress in pigs, although further research is needed to fully understand its underlying processes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare the effects of 3 forms of dietary supplemental Se on biochemical, physiological, and production responses in heat-stressed pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty pigs [(Large White × Landrace) ×Duroc], female, 2.5-mo old, 35 ± 1.0 kg body weight)were divided into 4 groups (n = 10), and fed a Se-deficient basal diet (BD, Se < 0.05 mg/kg) or the BD + sodium selenite (SeNa), seleno-yeasts (SeY), or 2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid (SeO) at 0.3 mg Se/kg, respectively, for 3 mo in the hot and humid summer of Wuhan, China. Growth performance, plasma and tissue Se content, selenoprotein expression, ER stress markers, and muscle quality were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with BD, all Se-supplemented diets improved feed utilization efficiency, with SeY and SeO exhibiting greater effects (7.89% and 11.28%, respectively) than SeNa (5.12%; P < 0.05). Additionally, SeY and SeO supplementation significantly reduced drip loss in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle by 25.94% and 27.19%, respectively, relative to BD (P < 0.05). All 3 Se-supplemented diets enhanced plasma antioxidative capacity and the conversion of tetraiodothyronine (T4) into triiodothyronine (T3). Compared with BD, the protein levels of ER stress markers ATF4, ATF6, CHOP, GRP78, and P-eIF2α/eIF2α in SeY and SeO diets were reduced by 49.44% and 42.18% (P < 0.05), 54.73% and 25.85% (P < 0.05), 4.37% and 29.06% (P < 0.05), 64.43% and 65.20% (P < 0.01), and 19.27% and 44.18% (P < 0.05), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary supplemental Se protected growing pigs against ER stress induced by environmental heat and humidity. All 3 Se-supplemented diets improved the heat stress response, with organic forms (SeO and SeY) demonstrating relative advantages over SeNa in terms of feed utilization efficiency, pork quality, muscle fiber type composition, and glycolytic metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Biosafety of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D₃ Biofortified in Egg Yolk in Mice Fed Two Levels of Dietary Fat.","authors":"Keith J Ou, Jingjie Du, Guanchen Liu, Arjun Chapagain, Daniel A Nuccio, Pallavi Singh, Woo Kyun Kim, Young Min Kwon, Xin Gen Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D inadequacy remains a public health concern, particularly in individuals with obesity. Biofortified eggs with 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ [25(OH)D₃] may increase intakes of the active metabolite of this nutrient by the public.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study determined efficacy, biosafety, and gut microbiome impact of 25(OH)D₃ biofortified in egg yolk compared with a synthetic form in mice fed a control or high-fat diet (HFD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Reg3b^+/- mice (n = 4 males + 4 females/group, 3-5 mo old) were fed a control (CON) or HFD (12% or 60% kcal from fat) supplemented (per kg of diet) with 200 international unit (IU) of 25(OH)D₃ from the control yolk (BAS), the BAS + 500 IU of 25(OH)D₃ from the synthetic form (SUP), or 700 IU of 25(OH)D₃ from the biofortified yolk (YOL) for 8 wk. Body weight, plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D₃, osteocalcin, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa β ligand, bone microtomography, bone-related genes and proteins, and colonic and fecal microbiome were examined. Data were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HFD-YOL group had 33.4% (P < 0.01) and 39.2% (P < 0.001) higher plasma 25(OH)D₃ concentrations at week 8 than the HFD-SUP and CON-YOL groups, respectively. This elevation was associated with upregulated kidney mRNA levels of cytochrome P450 24A1 (Cyp24a1) and vitamin D receptor (Vdr). Both sources of 25(OH)D₃ unaltered body weights, blood glucose concentration, plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, plasma osteocalcin concentrations, or bone characteristics but altered (P < 0.05) fecal microbiome compositions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with the synthetic form, 25(OH)D₃ in the biofortified yolk led to higher plasma 25(OH)D₃ concentrations in mice-fed HFD. However, such efficacy in mice fed CON and impacts on fecal microbiome were similar between the 2 sources of 25(OH)D₃. Our finding suggests biosafety and nutritional relevance for future human study of this novel food source of 25(OH)D₃.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Calcium Intake in Relation to New-Onset Hypertension Among Chinese Adults: A Comparative Prospective Cohort Study Across Two Distinct Climate Zones Based on the CHNS.","authors":"Yaxuan Wang, Sirui Li, Xiaohan Zheng, Yunxiang Hu, Licheng Cheng, Yanjie Jia, Fan Wang, Hua Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is a leading global health concern, with diet being a key modifiable risk factor. Although calcium intake influences blood pressure regulation, evidence remains inconclusive. Emerging findings suggest that climate-related factors may modulate calcium metabolism and hypertension risk.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined the association between dietary calcium intake and new-onset hypertension using data from 8591 adults without hypertension at baseline in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997-2011), with stratified analyses by key demographic factors and climate type.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographic characteristics were assessed using chi-square tests and general linear models. Multivariate Cox regression models evaluated the association between dietary calcium intake quintiles and hypertension risk. Restricted cubic spline models were used to analyze dose-response relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A J-shaped relationship (nonlinear P < 0.05) was observed between calcium intake and new-onset hypertension, with the lowest risk at 550.588-646.353 mg/d (hazard ratio: 0.827; 95% confidence interval: 0.734, 0.933; P = 0.002). Age-stratified analyses showed distinct patterns: young adults (18-35 y) had lower risk at moderate intake but higher risks at extremes (nonlinear P < 0.001), whereas elderly (≥65 y) demonstrated increasing risk with higher intake (nonlinear P = 0.042). And climate-specific trends emerged: low calcium intake inversely correlated with hypertension in temperate monsoon regions, whereas high intake showed positive associations in subtropical monsoon climates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed a J-shaped association between dietary calcium intake and hypertension risk among Chinese adults, with climate- and age-related heterogeneity, underscoring the importance of precision nutrition in public health guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids Restriction in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice: Effects on Metabolic Homeostasis, Adipose Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Lei Zhang, Ziyi Xu, Shuqi Qin, Rui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous studies implicate a strong association between elevated circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and obesity and related disorders. However, whether this association is causal, and if disrupted BCAA homeostasis can serve as a therapeutic target for obesity-related diseases remain to be established experimentally.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to explore the long-term effects of BCAAs restriction on lipid and glucose metabolism, adipose inflammation, and gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 groups and received a semi-purified ingredient control diet, HFD, or HFD with 50% BCAAs restriction for 24 wk. Body weight, fasting serum BCAAs, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and glucose tolerance were measured. Inflammation markers and macrophage infiltration in epididymal adipose tissue, as well as gut microbiota profiling, were conducted. Differences between groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance or Wilcoxon rank-sum test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HFD feeding significantly increased circulating leucine, isoleucine, valine, and total BCAAs levels by 31%, 27%, 19%, and 25%, respectively, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the HFD group, dietary BCAA restriction significantly decreased circulating leucine, isoleucine, and total BCAAs levels by 21%, 17%, and 16%, respectively (P < 0.05). However, this reduction was not sufficient to improve glucose and lipid homeostasis, except for a significant 20% reduction in serum LDL levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, BCAA restriction failed to decrease white adipose tissue mass index or alleviate epididymal adipose tissue inflammation HFD-fed mice. Interestingly, BCAAs restriction ameliorated HFD-induced gut microbiota disorder by downregulating the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P < 0.05) and reducing the relative abundance of obesity-linked bacteria, such as Lactococcus and Oscillibacter (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, the results suggest that although BCAA restriction may have limited benefits on HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in mice, it improves gut microbiota dysbiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting Fertility Through Tryptophan: Linking Diet, Hormones, and the Gut Microbiome.","authors":"Vincent Paillé","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broccoli Consumption Alters Microbial Diversity, Metatranscriptome, and Host Transcriptome in Mice Fed a Total Western Diet.","authors":"Elizabeth A Pletsch, Allen D Smith, Jack S Ragonese, Adrienne B Narrowe, Lumei Cheung, Celine T Chen, Thomas Ty Wang, Harry D Dawson","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cruciferous vegetables (CVs) are a source of dietary fiber and phytochemicals that alter the microbiome in animals and humans. Constituent cruciferous vegetable compounds, such as glucosinolates, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in animal models, though often using doses and basal diets that are not relevant to humans. The mechanism(s) is unclear, but the gut microbiota may metabolize these compounds into bioactive molecules that influence immune pathways.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the effects of broccoli powder (BP)-supplemented total Western diet (TWD) on changes in the gut microbiome, the host transcriptome, and the metatranscriptome at levels relevant to the human diet to understand how these changes affect metabolic and immune functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C57BL/6 male mice (n = 40) were fed a TWD control diet for 6 wk followed by supplementation with 0%, 0.5%, 1%, or 2.5% BP (reflecting a human intake from ¼-1 cup/d) for 3 wk. Microbial communities from cecal contents were taxonomically profiled using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and metatranscriptomics was used to assess the functionality of the microbial communities. The host cecal transcriptome was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>β-diversity was significantly higher (P = 1.20 × 10^-3) for mice fed the 2.5% BP diet compared to the control group at the species level. Lachnospiraceae MD335 was significantly more abundant in mice fed higher levels of broccoli, and analysis of bacterial ribonucleic acid transcripts indicated a dose-dependent increase in transcription of genes associated with butyrate and acetate production, plant cell wall degradation, and carbohydrate utilization. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway in the cecum was evident.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consumption of a broccoli-supplemented TWD induces changes in the gut microbiome, host, and microbial gene expression that affect immune health and inflammation in the gut at levels that are achievable in the human diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}