Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Acute Effects of an Anthocyanin-Rich Blackcurrant Beverage on Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial.","authors":"Anna M Amini, Ruihan Zhou, Katharina Austermann, Dominika Králová, Gessica Serra, Ibrahim S Ibrahim, Giulia Corona, Triana Bergillos-Meca, Hassan Aboufarrag, Paul A Kroon, Jeremy Pe Spencer, Parveen Yaqoob","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiologic evidence suggests an inverse association between anthocyanin consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Modulation of vascular function and hemostasis may contribute to this, but there is limited clinical evidence.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study investigated the acute effects of an anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant beverage, compared with a matched placebo, on selected markers of CVD risk in healthy middle-aged subjects in response to a high-fat meal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three volunteers aged 39.9 ± 8.1 y [body mass index (BMI) (in kg/m²) 22.9 ± 2.3] completed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Volunteers consumed either a 200 mL blackcurrant beverage (744 mg polyphenols comprising 711 mg anthocyanins and 32 mg procyanidins) or a placebo, together with a high-fat breakfast (52.3 g fat) followed by a lunch (30 g fat) at 3 h, and the postprandial vascular response was compared. The primary endpoints were the assessment of vascular function by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and the inhibition of collagen- and adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation. Secondary outcomes included blood pressure (BP), digital volume pulse waveforms, circulating numbers of endothelium- and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles, plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8, and plasma and urinary concentrations of polyphenols and their metabolites were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant cumulative improvement in FMD following consumption of an anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant beverage compared with a matched placebo in conjunction with a high-fat meal over a 6 h postprandial period. There was a trend for an inhibitory effect of the blackcurrant beverage on agonist-induced platelet aggregation and significant effects on the secondary outcomes, systolic BP and IL-8, although these were exploratory and not adjusted for multiple testing. Plasma concentrations of hippuric acid and isovanillic acid were strong independent predictors of FMD, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and isoferulic acid glucuronide were predictors of systolic BP and diastolic BP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant beverage mitigates the effects of a high-fat meal on vascular function and markers of CVD risk, and this is associated with the appearance of specific plasma anthocyanin phenolic metabolites. This trial was registered at classic.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov as NCT02459756.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation Time Does Not Reflect Nutrition and Varies Based on Level of Processing.","authors":"Julie M Hess, Madeline E Comeau, Daniel G Palmer","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Convenience is one of the top 3 drivers of food choice. The choice to consume nutrient-dense foods may rely, in part, on how much effort is required to obtain and prepare them for consumption.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to compare the time required to prepare 15 sets of meals with similar foods and nutrient content but different levels of processing, defined according to the Nova system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Each menu [the more- and less-processed Western menus (LPW and MPW)] was divided into meal components and/or recipes. Two research staffers independently tracked the amount of time kitchen technicians used to make each step of each menu. Times were recorded to the centisecond and mean times between the 2 timers were utilized as the final times for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For each day, the total time required to make the LPW exceeded the MPW by amounts ranging from ∼90 min (day 5) to 9 h (day 1). The LPW had a 203% longer preparation time than the MPW (βˆ = 3.0323; 95% confidence interval: 1.86483, 4.93065; P = 0.0002). When only active preparation time was considered, the differences in time needed to make the LPW and MPW ranged from less than a minute (day 3) to over 2 h (day 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The time required to prepare food is not a reflection of its nutrient value. Foods that require more time to prepare such as homemade bread and dried beans may be considered less processed on the Nova scale but provide similar nutrition to \"ultra-processed\" options such as bread purchased ready-to-eat and canned beans.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Human Milk Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids and Maternal Body Mass Index and Early Infant Growth: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Ping Dong, Ying Zhang, Chun-Xue Liu, Dong-Yong Yan, Xiu Xu, Ai-Hong Li, Long-Mei Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a novel class of endogenous lipids with biologically active functions in human.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our objective was to determine the role of maternal body mass index (BMI) in breast milk (BM) FAHFA composition and delineate the association between these BM fatty acids and infant growth during the first 6 mo postpartum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 65 healthy singleton pregnant females from the obstetric clinic. Regular mother-child follow-up was performed at 3 d (V1), 42 d (V2), 3 mo (V3), 4 mo (V4), and 6 mo (V5) after birth. High-throughput targeted metabolomics was used to detect the content of 9 representative FAHFA isomers in BM. Multivariate linear mixed models were conducted. The Holm-Bonferroni stepdown procedure was utilized to control the type I error rate in multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As compared with the normal-weight mothers, the mothers with obesity/overweight had higher contents of 5-palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acid (PAHSA) in colostrum (V1) and 9-stearic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acid (SAHSA) in mature milk (V2) (corrected P = 0.013 and 0.044, respectively), and lower contents of 13-linoleic acid esters of hydroxy linoleic acid (LAHLA in mature milk (V2 and V3) (corrected P = 0.028 and 0.005, respectively). The mean concentrations of 9-PAHSA in mature milk (V2 and V3) showed positive correlations with children's fat-free mass index ( FFMI), whereas those of 5-PAHSA, 10-oleic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acid (OAHSA), and 9-palmitic acid esters of hydroxy palmitic acid (PAHPA) were negatively correlated with children's fat mass index (FMI) (corrected P < 0.05 for all).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher maternal BMI was associated with higher concentrations of 2 saturated FAHFAs (5-PAHSA and 9-SAHSA) and a lower concentration of 1 polyunsaturated FAHFA (13-LAHLA) in BM. Specific FAHFA isomers were associated with growth and body composition development in exclusively breastfed infants during early infancy. Expanding the sample size and conducting further research is necessary to explore the mechanisms of action in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Examination into the Effects of a Saffron Extract (Affron) on Mood and General Wellbeing in Adults Experiencing Low Mood: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Adrian L Lopresti, Stephen J Smith, Wolfgang Marx, Marina Díez-Municio, María Inés Morán-Valero","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Saffron, derived from the stigmas of the Crocus sativus flower, has been shown in previous trials to have antidepressant effects in clinically diagnosed adults. However, the recruitment of small sample sizes, short treatment periods, and variability in the quality of studies have negatively impacted the strength of conclusions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this 2-arm, 12-wk, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to examine the effects of supplementation with a saffron extract (Affron) on mood and sleep in adults experiencing subclinical depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred and two adults aged 18-70 with depressive symptoms were supplemented with 28 mg saffron daily or a placebo. Outcome measures included the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21, Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment Scale, World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Scale, and daily depression, stress, and anxiety ratings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the primary outcome measure, compared to the placebo, saffron was associated with greater improvements in the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale - 21 depression score (β: -2.92 points; 95% confidence interval: -5.13, -0.71 points; Cohen's d = 0.39), with 72.3% of participants in the saffron group achieving a clinically significant change (a reduction of ≥ 7 points) compared to 54.3% of participants in the placebo group (P = 0.010). However, in the other secondary outcomes, there was no evidence of between-group differences. In exploratory analyses across various strata and assumptions, improvements in sleep disturbances (β: -2.72 points; 95% confidence interval: -4.99, -0.46 points; Cohen's d = 0.44) were identified in a subset of participants with a greater severity of sleep disturbance. There were no serious adverse reactions reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study, the largest conducted to date on saffron, provides evidence supporting the beneficial effects of 3 mo of saffron supplementation on depressive symptoms in adults. Large placebo responses were evident in this study, which require consideration in future trials. This trial was registered at Australian and New Zealand clinical trials registry as ACTRN12623001358639.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assuming the \"Best-Fit\" Shape of the Usual Nutrient Intake Distribution (with nutriR) Does Not Affect Prevalence Estimates of Nutrient Intake Inadequacy: Results from a Dietary Intake Survey in Ivorian School-Age Children.","authors":"Katie Ayling, Elise F Talsma, Amoin Georgette Konan, Georges Tiahou, Mory Gbane, Ingeborg Bovee-Oudenhoven, Alida Melse-Boonstra","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Common methods to assess nutrient intake inadequacy are the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method and the probability of adequacy (PA). It has been postulated that the shape of the intake distribution can have a significant impact on estimates of inadequacy. The \"nutritional intake functions for R\" (\"nutriR\") package has been developed to address this.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the impact of assuming the \"best-fit\" shape of nutrient intake distributions (using nutriR) on prevalence estimates of inadequate nutrient intake, as compared with observed nutrient intake distributions with the EAR cut-point or PA method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional dietary intake survey was conducted among 443 Ivorian school-aged children (6-12 y) by 24-h recall, with nonconsecutive repeats for 13% of the population. Six methods to estimate the prevalence of intake inadequacy for 11 nutrients were compared: methods 1-3 used single 24-h recall data to either apply the 1) EAR cut-point method, 2) the PA method, or 3) the nutriR method; and methods 4-6 applied the same methods after correction for within-person variation using the Statistical Program to Assess Usual Dietary Exposure, which generates estimates of usual daily nutrient intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nutrient intake distributions were right skewed (skewness average 1.0, range: 0.4-2.0) and showed large variation (coefficient of variation average 40%, range: 20%-60%). The prevalence estimates of inadequate nutrient intake were similar across all methods, with a mean difference of ±5 percent point (range: 0-27 percent point). The smallest mean differences, 0.4 and 0.3 percent points, were observed with usual intake data between nutriR and EAR cut-point (method 6 compared with 4), and nutriR and PA (method 6 compared with 5), respectively. Larger differences (∼12 percent point) were observed when comparing single 24-h recall data (methods 1-3) with usual intake (methods 4-6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Assuming nutrient intake distributions with the shape of \"best-fit\" to the observed intake distribution did not affect prevalence estimates of nutrient inadequacy in this population of Ivorian school children. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT06175130.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mitochondrial Brown Adipose Tissue Maintenance Factor Nipsnap1 Interfaces Directly With the β-Oxidation Protein Machinery in Rodents.","authors":"Pei-Yin Tsai, Yue Qu, Claire Walter, Yang Liu, Chloe Cheng, Joeva J Barrow","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is associated with improved metabolic health in humans. We previously identified the mitochondrial protein Nipsnap1 as a novel regulatory factor that integrates with lipid metabolism and is critical to sustain the long-term activation of BAT, but the precise mechanism and function of Nipsnap1 are unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aims to define the function of the regulatory factor Nipsnap1 in lipid metabolism by identifying its specific protein-protein interactions and regulatory role in fatty acid β-oxidation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to overexpress Nipsnap1 in the thermogenic adipose tissue of male C57BL/6J mice and assessed whole-body energy metabolism using metabolic cages. Mitochondrial respiration in primary brown adipocytes was measured by Seahorse assay after AAV-Nipsnap1 infection. To further investigate molecular mechanisms, an immunoprecipitation assay was performed to identify Nipsnap1-interacting proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We showed that adipose-specific overexpression of Nipsnap1 in mice elicits a 20% increase in energy expenditure through the utilization of lipids as an energy substrate as evidenced by the shift of the respiratory exchange ratio to 0.7 (P < 0.001). Additionally, we showed that Nipsnap1 overexpression in primary adipocytes increases lipid β-oxidation by 39% to increase cellular energy expenditure (P < 0.05). Moreover, we mapped the first protein-protein network of Nipsnap1 in brown adipocytes and showed that Nipsnap1 interacts with proteins such as solute carrier family 25 member 20 and enoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase that regulate both mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study elucidates a mechanistic function of Nipsnap1 in thermogenic fat where Nipsnap1 facilitates a functional connection between peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation pathways. By enhancing lipid utilization as energy substrates, Nipsnap1 plays a pivotal role in sustaining thermogenic fat activation to increase energy expenditure. These findings underscore the potential of Nipsnap1 as a therapeutic target for metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoglobin During Pregnancy Does Not Mediate the Relationship between Nutrition Supplements and Intrauterine Growth: A Secondary Data Analysis of Women First Preconception Nutrition Trial.","authors":"Sumera Aziz Ali, Linda Valeri, Ka Kahe, Jeanine M Genkinger, Sarah Saleem, Saleem Jessani, Robert L Goldenberg, Jamie E Westcott, Jennifer F Kemp, Ana L Garcés, Lester Figueroa, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Sangappa M Dhaded, Richard J Derman, Antoinette Tshefu, Adrien L Lokangaka, Melissa S Bauserman, Elizabeth M McClure, Marion Koso Thomas, Louise Kuhn, Nancy F Krebs","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nutrition supplements such as multiple micronutrient-fortified small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation (SQ-LNS) consumed either before or during pregnancy have been shown to improve intrauterine growth, but the mechanisms through which the supplements improve intrauterine growth remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined whether hemoglobin (Hb) during pregnancy could be a potential mechanism through which multiple micronutrient-fortified SQ-LNS improve intrauterine growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data collected from women and newborns in a randomized controlled trial conducted in Pakistan, India, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Guatemala. Women were randomly assigned to consume multiple micronutrient-fortified SQ-LNS from preconception until birth (arm 1); consume the SQ-LNS from the second trimester of pregnancy until birth (arm 2); or no supplement (arm 3). Intrauterine growth, expressed as birth length, weight, and head circumference Z-scores, was the outcome. The mediator was Hb (g/dL) measured at 12 (n = 2075) and 32 wk of gestation (n = 2157). Causal mediation analysis was employed to estimate direct and indirect effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hb levels at 12 or 32 wk of gestation did not mediate the relation between the SQ-LNS and intrauterine growth. Indirect effects of preconception SQ-LNS (arm 1) compared with arm 3, mediated by Hb at 12 wk of gestation, were 0.02 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.02, 0.01], 0.01 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.02), and 0.01 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.02) for length, weight, and head circumference Z-scores, respectively. The corresponding direct effects (95% CIs), not mediated by Hb, were 0.18 (0.09, 0.33), 0.12 (0.03, 0.23), and 0.06 (-0.03, 0.20), respectively. Site-specific and gestational age-adjusted data analyses at 12 and 32 wk of gestation confirmed the findings of no statistically significant mediated effects of Hb during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The observed main effect of multiple micronutrient-fortified SQ-LNS on intrauterine growth was not mediated by Hb levels at 12 or 32 wk of gestation. The findings suggest exploring other pathways implicated in the association between the SQ-LNS and intrauterine growth. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01883193 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01883193?term=01883193&rank=1).</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processing of Dairy Products Can Affect the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS): An In Vivo Study in Bama Minipigs.","authors":"Huifang Cai, Xiyu Qin, Mengxuan Lai, Xiaolu Geng, Hairan Ma, Xiuying Wu, Wentao Qian, Menghui Wang, Xiaomin Ren, Ran Wang, Pengjie Wang, Yixuan Li, Xiaoyu Wang, Hongliang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During manufacturing, different applied processes can potentially alter macro- and microstructures of milk proteins, which eventually affect the digestibility and the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to investigate the effects of different processes, including heating and fermentation, on the ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA) and DIAAS in dairy products.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six dairy products were produced under different processing conditions. Seven ileal cannulated Bama minipig (initial body weight: 20.0 ± 0.8 kg) were assigned to a 7 × 6 incomplete Latin square design, which incorporated 7 diets (6 dairy products and 1 nitrogen-free diet) and 6 7-d periods. Ileal digesta were collected for 9 h (from 08:00 to 17:00) on days 6 and 7 of each period. The content of crude protein (CP) and AA was determined. True ileal digestibility (TID) and DIAAS were calculated. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the significant differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TID of CP was 97.0% ± 1.6%, 98.7% ± 1.8%, and 100.7% ± 0.5% (mean ± standard error of the mean) for raw milk (RM), pasteurized milk (PM), and high temperature treated milk (HTM). The TID of methionine was lower (P = 0.050) for the pasteurized yogurt with pectin addition (PYP, 97.6% ± 0.4%) compared with that in the nontreated yogurt (NTY, 99.5% ± 0.5%) and pasteurized yogurt (PY, 99.5% ± 0.3%). Regarding DIAAS results, the quality of proteins in the studied products was predominantly classified as \"excellent\" and partially as \"good.\" For individuals older than 3 y, the DIAAS were 112, 123, 104, 110, 110, and 120 for RM, PM, HTM, NTY, PY, and PYP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although different processes could alter the values of TID and DIAAS, the protein quality in the studied dairy products still remained as high. Milk protein from each of the dairy products can be highly utilizable if ingested alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application-Based Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Provides Accurate Body Composition Parameters in a More Cost-Efficient and Time-Efficient Way.","authors":"Giovanna D'Abbronzo, Giuseppe Scidà, Cinzia Quaglia, Angela A Rivellese, Lutgarda Bozzetto, Giovanni Annuzzi, Marilena Vitale","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In clinical practice, there is an increasing demand for methods that provide accurate, precise, and real-time body composition measurements while reducing costs and data collection time.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the validity of an application-based bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) system for determining body composition compared with a standard BIA method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 109 individuals with type 1 diabetes (56 men and 53 women), aged 18-70 y, with a body mass index of 25.0-35.0 kg/m² and glycated hemoglobin concentrations of 7.0%-9.0%, were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to start with either the application-based BIA system or the standard method (A-wave BIA quantum-V) and then switched to the other method. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and metabolic profiles were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The comparison between the 2 methods showed a negligible difference in resistance but a significant difference in reactance (-4.9%). The degree of consistency was excellent for both resistance [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.990, P < 0.001] and reactance (ICC = 0.903, P < 0.001), with individual differences falling within acceptable ranges. Furthermore, body composition parameters, including fat-free mass, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, total body water, and extracellular water, showed only minor and nonsignificant differences between the 2 methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the application-based BIA system is a valid and reliable tool for assessing body composition, offering healthcare professionals, including dietitians and nutritionists, a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to standard BIA methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of an Adapted Food Security Module for College Students with the United States Department of Agriculture Adult Food Security Module.","authors":"Addy Musich, Amy Wolcott, Bailey A Munger, Brooke M Green, Jessica Warrick, Cade Kartchner, Kanae Lee, Jack Varnon, Rickelle Richards, Stephanie Grutzmacher, Nathan Stokes, Jinan Banna, Kendra OoNorasak, Matthew P Rabbitt, Jennifer A Jackson","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The United States Department of Agriculture's 10-item adult food security survey module (AFSSM) has not been validated in college students, raising concern about measuring food insecurity (FI) in this population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to adapt and validate the 10-item AFSSM for use among college students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Researchers conducted a mixed methods study including individual- (n = 20) and group- (n = 13) cognitive interviews among students at 3 United States universities. Researchers independently evaluated interview data and met to discuss whether AFSSM adaptations were warranted. A Rasch model was used to evaluate the psychometric validity of the official compared with adapted AFSSM among a sample (n = 2897) of students at 4 United States universities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In individual cognitive interviews, students were confused about the terms \"household\" and \"balanced meal\" and in differentiating between frugality and FI. Nine items were revised, and 1 item was removed. In group cognitive interviews, students discussed nonfinancial factors impacting FI and suggested wording changes. Seven items were changed. In the survey study, 35.4% were food insecure using the official AFSSM compared with 28.4% using the adapted AFSSM (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The adapted AFSSM captured greater severity of FI for several questions and changed the relative ordering of questions. Regardless of which wording was used, the questions on food not lasting and balanced meals captured different FI prevalence than the general population. The official and adapted AFSSM provides psychometrically valid measures of FI among college students, but adjustments may be required before making direct comparisons with FI measures for the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}