Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Regular Use of Fish Oil Supplements, Life's Essential 8 Score, and Cardiovascular Mortality in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.","authors":"Rong Hua, Chun Sing Lam, Natural Chu, Aimin Yang, Elaine Chow, Yin Ting Cheung","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To date, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the effects of cardiovascular health on the cardioprotective benefits of fish oil supplementation in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The utility of fish oil in reducing risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in people with diabetes remains unclear and inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the potential modifying effect of cardiovascular health (CVH) level, as assessed using the Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score, on the association between regular fish oil supplement use and CVD-relates mortality in middle-aged and older people with T2D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants with T2D in the UK Biobank were included. CVH level was categorized by the mean LE8 score (55 points). Multivariable-adjusted Cox models were used to evaluate the longitudinal association between regular use of fish oil supplements and CVD Mortality. We performed stratified analysis across different CVH levels and tested for potential interaction between fish oil supplement use and CVH level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 19,003 participants (mean age: 59.9 ± 6.9 y, 36.1% women), of whom 39.6% were regular users of fish oil supplements. During a median follow-up of 13.7 y, regular use of fish oil supplements was significantly associated with lower risk of CVD Mortality among participants with better CVH [ie, LE8 score of ≥55 points; hazard ratio (HR): 0.65; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.84; P = 0.001)], but not among those with poorer CVH (i.e. LE8 score <55 points; HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.25; P = 0.867). The interaction between the use of fish oil supplements and CVH level on CVD Mortality was significant (P = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Middle-aged and older T2D individuals with a relatively low baseline CVH level may not obtain cardiovascular benefits from fish oil supplements. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting multimodal lifestyle interventions to improve survival outcomes of people with T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Stunting and Pathway Analysis for Linear Growth among Children Aged Two to Three Years after a Trial of Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements and Home-Installed Growth Charts in Three Districts in Zambia.","authors":"Lindsey M Locks, Mpela Chembe, Tamara Bilima-Mulenga, Jacqueline M Lauer, Dorothy Sizakawe, Savanna Henderson, Peter C Rockers, Doug Parkerson, Günther Fink","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, 148 million children aged <5 y are stunted, with risk factors varying by context. Our \"Impact of Growth Charts and Nutritional Supplements on Child Growth in Zambia\" (ZamCharts) trial observed persistently high rates of stunting in all treatment groups after 18-mo of intervention with monthly distributions of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) and/or installation of a wall-mounted growth chart in children's homes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We sought to identify determinants of stunting and height-for-age z-score in children aged 27-36 mo who participated in the ZamCharts endline survey (n = 1911).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multilevel, log-binomial models were used to estimate univariable and multivariable prevalence ratios for predictors of stunting. Multilevel models were also used to predict height-for-age z-score (HAZ) with and without baseline HAZ (assessed at ages 211 mo). We also conducted a path analysis using covariance analysis of linear structural equations to assess underlying and modifiable risk factors for impaired linear growth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant predictors of stunting in the multivariable model included low asset ownership, being male, using biomass as cooking fuel, lower maternal height, a mother with ≤ primary education, lower baseline HAZ, and not being randomly assigned to SQ-LNS. Significant predictors of a lower mean HAZ in the full multivariable models included all the same risk factors that predicted stunting but also living in an urban area, having ≥1 child aged <5 y in the household, and diarrhea in the previous 2 wk. The multivariable model explained 48% of variability in endline HAZ; the strongest predictor was baseline HAZ, which explained 29% of endline HAZ variability in the univariable model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preventing stunting in Zambia will require investments in early life (pre- and postnatal) determinants of growth trajectory as well as improving complementary feeding practices and addressing risk factors for infectious diseases; SQ-LNS can also improve linear growth and reduce stunting.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree Nuts and Macular Pigment Optical Density: Visual Effects of the Carotenoids Lutein and Zeaxanthin.","authors":"Arpita Basu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Metabolome Wide Association Study of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: The International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP) Study.","authors":"Linda M Oude Griep, Elena Chekmeneva, Linda Van Horn, Queenie Chan, Martha L Daviglus, Gary Frost, Elaine Holmes, Timothy Md Ebbels, Paul Elliott","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiologic evidence linking blood pressure (BP) and body weight-lowering effects with fruit and vegetable consumption mostly relies on self-reported dietary assessment prone to misreport and under- or overestimation of relationships.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to characterize objective 24-h urinary metabolites and a derived metabolite score associated with fruit and vegetable intake and assessed their associations with BP and BMI, with validation across cohorts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR) of 2 timed repeated 24-h urine collections from free-living participants from the US (n = 2032) and the UK (n = 449) of the cross-sectional International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP). We evaluated correlations between fruit and vegetable intake assessed by 24-h dietary recalls with 7100 ¹H NMR features, adjusted for confounders and multiple testing. We related identified metabolites and a metabolite score with BP and BMI using extensively adjusted multiple linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We characterized 11 ¹H NMR-derived 24-h urinary metabolites related to fruit and vegetable intake, reproducible across multiple 24-h urine collections of both cohorts. Proline betaine, citrate, N-methylproline, scyllo-inositol, 2-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl cyclohex-3-en-1-yl) propoxyglucuronide, and proline were associated with fruit intake, specifically with Rutaceae intake, whereas S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide and S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide metabolite were associated with Brassicaceae intake. The metabolite score, explaining 39.8% of fruit and vegetable intake, was inversely associated with systolic BP [-1.65 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.68, -0.62; P < 0.002] and BMI (-1.21 kg/m²; 95% CI: -1.62, -0.78; P < 0.0001). These associations were, to a large extent, explained by urinary citrate excretion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified ¹H NMR-derived urinary metabolites associated with fruit and vegetable consumption, consistent and reproducible between urine collections and across populations. A higher fruit and vegetable-related metabolite score showed associations with lower systolic BP and BMI, mainly mediated by citrate, but would need confirmation in further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Benefits and Future Research of Phytochemicals: A Literature Review.","authors":"Yan Yang, Wenhua Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytochemicals are nonnutritive substances found in plant foods that contribute significantly to the flavor and color of foods. These substances are usually classified as polyphenols, terpenes, sulfur-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, and others. Numerous studies over the last decades have demonstrated these substances play an immeasurable role in physiological regulation, health care, and disease prevention through their actions in antioxidation, anti-inflammation, antiaging, antivirus, anticancer, antithrombosis, lipid profile regulation, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, immunity regulation, and improvement of metabolic functions. This article reviews the chemistry and biochemistry of phytochemicals, their classification and chemical structure, occurrence and biosynthesis in plants, and biological activities and implications for human health and various diseases. The discussions are focused on the most recent important advances in these phytochemical researches. In addition, some future research directions of phytochemicals are set forth regarding dose-response, their mechanism and targets, interactions with gut microbiota, and impact on human health and different stages of chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intragenerational and Intergenerational Transmission of Food Insecurity: An Analysis of Black and White Women and Children From the NHLBI Growth and Health Study.","authors":"Marisa M Tsai, Elissa S Epel, A Janet Tomiyama, Cindy W Leung, Mahasin S Mujahid, Barbara A Laraia","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food insecurity (FI) continues to be a significant public health concern and is associated with myriad physical and mental health consequences. Increased understanding of conditions around its occurrence throughout the life course are needed. However, research has been limited due to inadequate measurement tools and study length.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined the intragenerational and intergenerational dynamics of FI over time by assessing the transmission of FI from childhood to adulthood and from mother to offspring using population-specific FI measures and the influence of sociodemographic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Women in early midlife (n = 624) and their children (n = 331) participated in a prospective cohort study between 1987 and 2019 in Richmond, California. Three validated FI measures were assessed, representing 1) past childhood FI and 2) current adult household FI, reported by the women, and 3) current child FI, reported by the women's children. Associations between measures were examined using adjusted modified Poisson regression models. Mediation by current adult household FI between past childhood FI and their offspring's current child FI was assessed. Moderation by sociodemographic factors, including poverty level, parental education, marital status, and race was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among women, 32.4% reported FI in childhood and 34.5% reported current adult household FI. Among their offspring, 53.2% reported current child FI. Past childhood FI increased the likelihood of current adult FI (RR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.64, 2.90) and current adult FI increased the likelihood of current child FI (RR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.07). Current adult FI partially mediated past childhood FI and their offspring's current child FI (natural indirect effect OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.24). There was no evidence of moderation by sociodemographic factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FI measures reported by adults and children capture differing experiences, highlighting the need to use FI measures that are appropriate for their target population. FI may be perpetuated intragenerationally and intergenerationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Onset of Steatosis Occurs as Early as Seven Days and Progresses to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in a Pediatric Pig Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.","authors":"Ravi Yadav, Samuel D Gerrard, Marta R M Lima, Teresa L Southard, Nishanth E Sunny, Samer W El-Kadi","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic and progressive condition that afflicts patients of all ages, including neonates. Previously, we reported that neonatal pigs fed formulas rich in medium-chain (MCFA), compared with those fed formulas rich in long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) for 21 d, developed panacinar steatosis with no changes in whole-body adiposity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to examine the temporal onset and development of NAFLD in neonatal pigs in response to MCFA feeding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Neonatal pigs (n = 18) were fed isocaloric MCFA or LCFA formulas. Six pigs from each group were killed following 7, 14 or 21 d of feeding. Body composition was assessed before initiation and at the end of the feeding period using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Liver fat content and liver morphologic features were determined from photomicrographs and evaluated for NAFLD by a pathologist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lean mass and fat mass as a percentage of body weight were not different between formulas. However, liver weight (P = 0.001) and liver fat mass (P < 0.001) were greater for pigs in the MCFA than those for pigs in the LCFA group. Steatosis developed as early as 7 d in the MCFA compared with the LCFA fed pigs (P < 0.001). In addition, steatosis progressed in a portal-to-venous direction as MCFA feeding duration increased (P = 0.02). Pigs diagnosed with NASH (P < 0.001) and greater nonalcoholic fatty liver disease scores were those in the MCFA group (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that the onset and progression of NAFLD from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis occurs rapidly in response to MCFA feeding. Moreover, periportal steatosis is the initial feature in the development of NAFLD before its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The development of NAFLD in neonates seems to occur independently of whole-body adiposity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Eicosapentaenoic Acid Improves Ozone-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in C57BL/6 Mice.","authors":"Hannah B Lovins, Anushka Mehta, Laura A Leuenberger, Michael J Yaeger, Evangeline Schott, Grace Hutton, Jonathan Manke, Michael Armstrong, Nichole Reisdorph, Robert M Tighe, Samuel J Cochran, Saame Raza Shaikh, Kymberly M Gowdy","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ambient concentrations of the air pollutant, ozone, are rising with increasing global temperatures. Ozone is known to increase incidence and exacerbation of chronic lung diseases, which will increase as ambient ozone levels rise. Studies have identified diet as a variable that is able to modulate the pulmonary health effects associated with ozone exposure. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an n-3 (ω-3) PUFA consumed through diet, which lowers inflammation through conversion to oxylipins including hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acids (HEPEs). However, the role of dietary EPA in ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Therefore, we hypothesized increasing dietary EPA will decrease ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury through the production of HEPEs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To test this, male C57BL/6J mice were fed a purified control diet or EPA-supplemented diet for 4 wk and then exposed to filtered air or 1 part per million ozone for 3 h. 24 or 48 h after exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected to assess airspace inflammation/injury and lung tissue was collected for targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry lipidomics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following ozone exposure, EPA supplementation did not alter markers of lung injury but decreased ozone-induced airspace neutrophilia. Targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry lipidomics revealed dietary EPA supplementation increased pulmonary EPA-derived metabolites including 5-HEPE and 12-HEPE. Additionally, EPA supplementation decreased pulmonary amounts of proinflammatory arachidonic acid-derived metabolites. To evaluate whether dietary EPA reduces ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation through increased pulmonary HEPEs, C57BL/6J mice were administered 5-HEPEs and 12-HEPEs systemically before filtered air or ozone exposure. Pretreatment with 5-HEPEs and 12-HEPEs reduced ozone-driven increases in airspace macrophages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Together, these data indicate that an EPA-supplemented diet protects against ozone-induced airspace inflammation which is, in part, due to increasing pulmonary amounts of 5-HEPEs and 12-HEPEs. These findings suggest that dietary EPA and/or increasing EPA-derived metabolites in the lung can reduce ozone-driven incidences and exacerbations of chronic pulmonary diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Akkermansia muciniphila Promotes SIgA Production and Alters the Reactivity Toward Commensal Bacteria in Early-Weaned Piglets.","authors":"Qin Jiang, Xiaoyan Zhu, Lingling Sun, Chunlin Xie, Xinkai Wang, Libao Ma, Xianghua Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the first line of defense in protecting the intestinal epithelium against pathogenic bacteria, regulating gut microbiota composition, and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Early weaning strategies may disrupt SIgA levels in piglet intestines, causing a decline in immune response and early weaning stress. However, the specific microbial mechanisms modulating SIgA in early-weaned piglets are not well understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We hypothesized that Akkermansia muciniphila increases intestinal SIgA production in the early-weaned piglets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fecal SIgA levels, SIgA-coated bacteria abundance, and fecal metagenomes were compared between 6 Huanjiang miniature (HM) and 6 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire (DLY) early-weaned piglets to identify bacterial species involved in SIgA modulation. Four bacterial species were investigated using 5 groups (Control, A. muciniphila, L. amylovorus, L. crispatus, and L. acidophilus) of male specific pathogen-free C57BL/6J mice, weaned 3 wk postbirth (n = 8/group). Subsequently, 10-d-old Landrace×Yorkshire (LY) piglets were randomly assigned to 3 groups (Control, 10⁹A. muciniphila, and 10⁸A. muciniphila) (n = 10/group) to evaluate the effect of orally administered A. muciniphila on intestinal SIgA production and microbial composition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HM early-weaned piglets showed significantly higher SIgA levels [7.59 μg/mg, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.2, 12, P = 0.002] and SIgA-coated bacteria abundance (8.64%, 95% CI: 3.2, 14, P = 0.014) than DLY piglets. In the mouse model, the administration of A. muciniphila significantly increased SIgA levels (3.50 μg/mg, 95% CI: 0.59, 6.4, P = 0.018), SIgA-coated bacteria abundance (9.06%, 95% CI: 4, 14, P = 0.018), and IgA⁺ plasma cell counts (6.1%, 95% CI: 4.3, 8, P = 0.005). In the pig experiments, the oral administration of A. muciniphila to LY piglets significantly enhanced intestinal SIgA concentrations (4.22 μg/mg, 95% CI: 0.37, 8.5, P = 0.034) and altered the SIgA-coated bacterial landscape.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early intervention with A. muciniphila in nursing piglets can increases intestinal SIgA production and alter the reactivity toward commensal bacteria upon early weaning.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postprandial Effects of Four Test Meals Containing Wholegrain Rye or Refined Wheat Foods on Circulating Incretins, Ghrelin, Glucose, and Inflammatory Markers.","authors":"Sebastian Åberg, Dominic-Luc Webb, Elise Nordin, Per M Hellström, Rikard Landberg","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High intake of whole grains has consistently been associated with reduced risk of obesity, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes. Dietary interventions have shown beneficial metabolic effects of whole grains, but the metabolic response varies with different types of cereals.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We evaluate the metabolic effects of substituting refined wheat with wholegrain rye foods within a complex diet, examining the day-long postprandial response of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, glucose, and inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with overweight and obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-nine healthy adults with body mass index of 32 ± 9 kg/m² were randomly assigned to 3 intervention days, separated by 1-wk washout. Participants adhered to a hypocaloric diet rich in wholegrain rye for 1 intervention and refined wheat for the second intervention and were randomly assigned to either diet for the third intervention with continuous blood sampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No differences in GIP, GLP-1, or ghrelin levels were found between the diets when measured throughout the whole intervention day. GIP total area under the curve after the rye-based lunch was 31% (P < 0.05) lower compared with the wheat-based lunch, and ghrelin concentrations were 29% (P < 0.05) lower after the rye-based dinner. Baseline Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance-adjusted model showed 61% (P = 0.015) lower whole-day GLP-1 and 40% (P = 0.03) lower GIP after the rye-based diet. Day-long glucose incremental area under the curve was 30% (P < 0.001) lower after the rye-based diet, and glycemic variability was measured as SD reduced (-0.13 mmol/L, P = 0.04). The rye-based diet compared with refined wheat induced higher glycoprotein N-acetylation A, as measured by z-scores (0.36, P = 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, no day-long differences in gut hormone levels were observed, but the wholegrain rye-based compared with refined wheat-based dinner showed lower postprandial ghrelin concentrations. The rye-based diet improved day-long glycemic control in individuals with overweight and obesity. Observations of diet-induced inflammation after whole-grain rye intake warrant further investigation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>This study was registered at Clinical Trials Registry of clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05004584): https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05004584?locStr=Gothenburg,%20Sweden&country=Sweden&state=V%C3%A4stra%20G%C3%B6taland%20County&city=Gothenburg&distance=50&term=appetite&aggFilters=status:com&rank=1.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}