Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Neighborhood Retail Food Environment, Diet Quality and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence in 4 Dutch Cohorts","authors":"Nicolette R den Braver (Nicole) ,&nbsp;Jeroen Lakerveld ,&nbsp;Femke Rutters ,&nbsp;Brenda WJH Penninx ,&nbsp;Ellen Generaal ,&nbsp;Marjolein Visser ,&nbsp;Erik J Timmermans ,&nbsp;Jeroen HPM van der Velde ,&nbsp;Frits R Rosendaal ,&nbsp;Renee de Mutsert ,&nbsp;Esther Winters-van Eekelen ,&nbsp;Johannes Brug ,&nbsp;Joline WJ Beulens","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Current evidence on the associations between the food environment and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconsistent and did not investigate the behavioral mediating pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate whether accessibility of food retailers in the residential neighborhood is associated with T2D incidence in 4 Dutch prospective cohorts, and whether this is mediated by diet quality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective multicohort study, we included 4 Dutch cohort studies (n_total = 10,249). Nearest distances from all participants’ home to supermarkets, fast-food outlets, and green grocers were calculated at baseline (2004–2012). Incidence of T2D during follow-up was assessed with cohort-specific measures. T2D incidence ratios (IRs) adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and environmental factors were estimated using Poisson regression in each cohort, and results were pooled across cohorts using a random-effects model. In 2 cohorts (<em>n</em> = 7549), mediation by adherence to the Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015 (DHD15-index; range, 0–13) was investigated using linear and Poisson regression analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a mean follow-up of 7.5 y, 569 (5.6%) participants developed T2D. Mean(standard deviation [SD]) age in the cohorts ranged from 41.1(12.9) to 67.4(6.8) y. No associations were observed between accessibility of different food retailers and T2D incidence: β_supermarket, 0.02 (−0.01, 0.06); β_fast-food, −0.01(−0.04, 0.03); β_{green grocer}, 0.01(−0.05, 0.07). Mediation analyses indicated that every 100 m living further from a supermarket or green grocer was associated with lower adherence to DHD15: β_supermarket = −0.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.3, 0.0) and β_{green grocer} = −0.1 (95% CI: −0.1, 0.0), whereas living further away from fast-food associated with higher adherence (β_fast-food = 0.1 [95% CI: 0.0, 0.2]). Higher adherence to DHD15 was associated with lower T2D incidence (IR = 0.93 [95% CI: 0.88, 0.99]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Spatial accessibility of food retailers was not associated with risk of T2D. Nevertheless, consistent associations in hypothesized pathways were observed, such that spatial accessibility to healthier food retailers was associated with higher diet quality and spatial accessibility of unhealthier retailers with lower diet quality. Higher diet quality, in turn, was associated with lower T2D risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2367-2375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ferric Carboxymaltose on Pica among Pregnant Women in Malawi: A Substudy to a Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Leila M Larson ,&nbsp;Martin Mwangi ,&nbsp;Rebecca Harding ,&nbsp;Ernest Moya ,&nbsp;Ricardo Ataíde ,&nbsp;Glory Mzembe ,&nbsp;Ashley Thurber ,&nbsp;Sera L Young ,&nbsp;Sabine Braat ,&nbsp;Kamija Phiri ,&nbsp;Sant-Rayn Pasricha","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pica is the craving and consumption of nonfood items, and includes the ingestion of earth, raw starch, and ice. Pica is common in sub-Saharan Africa, especially during pregnancy. Despite being ubiquitous, its etiology is not well understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We leveraged the randomized trial of intravenous iron for anemia in Malawian pregnant women (REVAMP) to determine the effects of iron therapy, compared with standard-of-care oral iron, on pica among anemic pregnant women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>REVAMP was an open-label, individually randomized controlled trial, conducted in Malawi. A total of 862 pregnant anemic women in their second trimester were randomly assigned at baseline to receive either <em>1</em>) a single dose of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) or <em>2</em>) standard-of-care oral iron. Pica was assessed at baseline and 4 wk postrandomization by asking participants whether they had craved and consumed earth (geophagy), unripe mango (amylophagy), raw rice (amylophagy), ice (pagophagy), ash, charcoal, or chalk in the past 2 wk. Venous blood was collected for hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations. A longitudinal Poisson model was used to examine the treatment effect of FCM on overall pica and types of pica.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline, the prevalence of any pica was 71.7%, and geophagy was 31.9%. Hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations improved following FCM compared with standard-of-care oral iron and were lower among participants with geophagy. From baseline to 4 wk post randomization, the prevalence of geophagy decreased more among women assigned to FCM compared with standard of care [FCM: 33.5%–12.9%, standard of care: 30.4%–22.3%, prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.53 (95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.72), <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001]. There was no evidence of a treatment effect for overall pica [FCM: 70.7%–57.3%, standard of care: 72.6%–63.0%, PR = 0.93 (0.83, 1.06)], amylophagy, or pagophagy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides causal evidence that geophagy is reduced by improvements in iron status and anemia during pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>www.anzctr.org.au</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as ACTRN12618001268235.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2398-2405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Examination into the Effects of a Saffron Extract (Affron) on Mood and General Wellbeing in Adults Experiencing Low Mood: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","authors":"Adrian L Lopresti ,&nbsp;Stephen J Smith ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Marx ,&nbsp;Marina Díez-Municio ,&nbsp;María Inés Morán-Valero","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Saffron, derived from the stigmas of the <em>Crocus sativus</em> flower, has been shown in previous trials to have antidepressant effects in clinically diagnosed adults. However, the recruitment of small sample sizes, short treatment periods, and variability in the quality of studies have negatively impacted the strength of conclusions.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The purpose of this 2-arm, 12-wk, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to examine the effects of supplementation with a saffron extract (Affron) on mood and sleep in adults experiencing subclinical depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two hundred and two adults aged 18–70 with depressive symptoms were supplemented with 28 mg saffron daily or a placebo. Outcome measures included the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21, Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment Scale, World Health Organization–Five Well-Being Scale, and daily depression, stress, and anxiety ratings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>On the primary outcome measure, compared to the placebo, saffron was associated with greater improvements in the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale – 21 depression score (β: –2.92 points; 95% confidence interval: –5.13, –0.71 points; Cohen’s d = 0.39), with 72.3% of participants in the saffron group achieving a clinically significant change (a reduction of ≥ 7 points) compared to 54.3% of participants in the placebo group (<em>P</em> = 0.010). However, in the other secondary outcomes, there was no evidence of between-group differences. In exploratory analyses across various strata and assumptions, improvements in sleep disturbances (β: –2.72 points; 95% confidence interval: –4.99, –0.46 points; Cohen’s d = 0.44) were identified in a subset of participants with a greater severity of sleep disturbance. There were no serious adverse reactions reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study, the largest conducted to date on saffron, provides evidence supporting the beneficial effects of 3 mo of saffron supplementation on depressive symptoms in adults. Large placebo responses were evident in this study, which require consideration in future trials.</div><div>This trial was registered at Australian and New Zealand clinical trials registry as ACTRN12623001358639.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2300-2311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Human Milk Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids and Maternal Body Mass Index and Early Infant Growth: A Longitudinal Study","authors":"Ping Dong ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Chun-xue Liu ,&nbsp;Dong-yong Yan ,&nbsp;Xiu Xu ,&nbsp;Ai-hong Li ,&nbsp;Long-mei Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a novel class of endogenous lipids with biologically active functions in human.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our objective was to determine the role of maternal body mass index (BMI) in breast milk (BM) FAHFA composition and delineate the association between these BM fatty acids and infant growth during the first 6 mo postpartum.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited 65 healthy singleton pregnant females from the obstetric clinic. Regular mother–child follow-up was performed at 3 d (V1), 42 d (V2), 3 mo (V3), 4 mo (V4), and 6 mo (V5) after birth. High-throughput targeted metabolomics was used to detect the content of 9 representative FAHFA isomers in BM. Multivariate linear mixed models were conducted. The Holm-Bonferroni stepdown procedure was utilized to control the type I error rate in multiple comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>As compared with the normal-weight mothers, the mothers with obesity/overweight had higher contents of 5-palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acid (PAHSA) in colostrum (V1) and 9-stearic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acid (SAHSA) in mature milk (V2) (corrected <em>P</em> = 0.013 and 0.044, respectively), and lower contents of 13-linoleic acid esters of hydroxy linoleic acid (LAHLA in mature milk (V2 and V3) (corrected <em>P</em> = 0.028 and 0.005, respectively). The mean concentrations of 9-PAHSA in mature milk (V2 and V3) showed positive correlations with children's fat-free mass index ( FFMI), whereas those of 5-PAHSA, 10-oleic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acid (OAHSA), and 9-palmitic acid esters of hydroxy palmitic acid (PAHPA) were negatively correlated with children's fat mass index (FMI) (corrected <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 for all).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher maternal BMI was associated with higher concentrations of 2 saturated FAHFAs (5-PAHSA and 9-SAHSA) and a lower concentration of 1 polyunsaturated FAHFA (13-LAHLA) in BM. Specific FAHFA isomers were associated with growth and body composition development in exclusively breastfed infants during early infancy. Expanding the sample size and conducting further research is necessary to explore the mechanisms of action in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2290-2299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milk with Mulberry Leaf Extract, Vegetable Oil, and Inulin Reduce Early Glucose and Insulin Response in Healthy Adults in China: Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Anna Cherta-Murillo ,&nbsp;Hanyuan Xu ,&nbsp;Norman Moullan ,&nbsp;Monika Tadi ,&nbsp;Fang Huang ,&nbsp;Niranjana Kodakuthumparambil ,&nbsp;Vanessa Caroline Campos ,&nbsp;Jiahui Li ,&nbsp;Qu Fu ,&nbsp;Qiaoji Li ,&nbsp;Hao Huang ,&nbsp;Andreas Rytz ,&nbsp;Christian Darimont ,&nbsp;Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High carbohydrate intake leading to increased postprandial glycemia is associated with type 2 diabetes. Particularly in China, prediabetes is highly prevalent (&gt;40%) in adults (&gt;40 y old). Bioactive ingredients such as mulberry leaf extract (MLE) lower glycemia and can be a good strategy to manage prediabetes, but its health effects when added to milk are poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effect of a milk powder supplemented with MLE, vegetable oil, and inulin on glucose and insulin responses to a carbohydrate-rich meal compared with regular skimmed milk, in healthy middle-aged adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 2-arm, crossover, open-label, randomized controlled trial with 31 healthy adults (&gt;45 y old) consuming either the supplemented milk (test product [TP]) or regular skimmed milk (control) with a standardized breakfast. Blood samples were collected to assess postprandial responses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-eight subjects were analyzed. TP did not change glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC0)-180 min (primary outcome) but significantly decreased glucose iAUC0-60 min by 25% compared with control. TP also significantly decreased insulin and c-peptide iAUC0-60 min by 22% and 18%, respectively, and for iAUC0-120 min by 16% and 11%, respectively. Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide iAUC0-120 min and 0–180 min were also significantly decreased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>As compared with regular skimmed milk, milk supplemented with MLE, vegetable oil, and inulin reduced early postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults of Chinese ethnicity, which could mitigate the risk of developing chronic diseases.</div><div>This study was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05570435.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2227-2235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Choline Intake and Risk of Alzheimer’s Dementia in Older Adults","authors":"Tasija Karosas ,&nbsp;Taylor C Wallace ,&nbsp;Muya Li ,&nbsp;Yongyi Pan ,&nbsp;Puja Agarwal ,&nbsp;David A Bennett ,&nbsp;Paul F Jacques ,&nbsp;Mei Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dietary choline intake has been associated with a lower risk of cognitive dysfunction, lessened brain white-matter hyperintensity volume, and a reduced risk of incident dementia.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the relationship between dietary choline intake and risk of clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) in participants enrolled in the Rush Memory and Aging Project prospective cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants who were free of AD at baseline and had completed ≥1 food frequency questionnaire were included in the present analyses. Clinical AD was assessed among participants annually using a 3-stage process of neurological examinations and standardized diagnostic criteria. Dietary choline intake was quantified using the United States Department of Agriculture Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess risk of incident of AD by quantiles of dietary choline intake. Mixed-effect Poisson regression models were used to investigate potential nonlinear relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean baseline age of the study participants (<em>N</em> = 991) was 81.4 (±7.2) y. During a mean follow-up of 7.67 y, 266 participants (27%) were clinically diagnosed with AD (incident rate = 38/1000 person-year). In the fully adjusted model, compared with the lowest quantile of dietary choline intake, consumption of 200–250, 251–300, 301–350, and &gt;350 mg/d were associated with a 23% [hazard ratio (HR): 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45, 1.17; <em>P</em> = 0.10], 40% (HR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.98; <em>P</em> = 0.04), 38% (HR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.07; <em>P</em> = 0.09), and 51% (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.95; <em>P</em> = 0.04) reduced rate of AD, respectively. Results of the curve linear Poisson regression model showed the point of lowest risk for AD to be ∼350 mg/d with effects being similar based on apolipoprotein E gene genotype.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Dietary choline intake ∼ 350 mg/d was associated with the lowest risk of clinical diagnosis of AD in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2322-2332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Plasma 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Levels Are Associated With More Intensive Antihypertensive Treatment, Resistant Hypertension and Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Jakob L Wetche ,&nbsp;Anne V Schmedes ,&nbsp;Amalie Sjøgren ,&nbsp;Marianne L Bergmann ,&nbsp;Line H Fly ,&nbsp;Jonna S Madsen ,&nbsp;Eva RB Petersen ,&nbsp;Kurt Højlund ,&nbsp;Michael H Olsen ,&nbsp;Parmida Asyaei ,&nbsp;Jacob V Stidsen ,&nbsp;Thomas B Olesen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Excessive consumption of glycyrrhizin (GL), a licorice-derived substance, can cause blood pressure (BP) elevation and apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME). However, self-reported intake can be unreliable due to unrecognized sources of GL. Plasma levels of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a major metabolite of GL, may serve as a biochemical marker of exposure. Identifying individuals with high plasma levels of GA could be relevant in BP management in at-risk patients.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine whether plasma levels of GA are associated with BP, antihypertensive treatment intensity, resistant hypertension, and biochemical markers of AME in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, we measured GA in plasma from 1160 patients with T2D. Participants were divided into high GA (top quartile) and low GA (bottom 3 quartiles). Linear and logistic regression models assessed associations of GA levels with BP, antihypertensive treatment intensity (defined daily dose; DDD), resistant hypertension and markers of AME. Models were adjusted for confounders such as age, sex, sociodemographic, lifestyle, diabetes duration, estimated glomerular filtration rate, glycated hemoglobin, homoeostasis model assessment 2 for insulin sensitivity, and where appropriate systolic BP and treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>High GA was not significantly associated with higher BP but with more intensive antihypertensive treatment (+0.28 DDD [0.03–0.52], <em>P</em> = 0.03) compared with low GA. High GA was also associated with higher risk of resistant hypertension (adjusted odds ratio: 1.91 [1.12–3.24], <em>P</em> = 0.02). Additionally, high GA was associated with markers of AME (lower aldosterone (−41.5 pmol/L [−63.1 to −20.0]; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), lower potassium (−0.06 mmol/L [−0.10 to −0.01]; <em>P</em> = 0.01), lower cortisone (−6.08 nmol/L [−7.78 to −4.38]; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and higher cortisol/cortisone ratio (+1.26 [1.00–1.52]; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001)).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>High GA levels, a possible marker of excessive licorice consumption, were associated with greater antihypertensive treatment intensity, resistant hypertension and biochemical markers consistent with AME in patients with T2D. These findings suggest that licorice-related exposure may be relevant to BP management in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2236-2243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Folate Receptor α Autoantibodies in Folate Deficiency, Disease Severity, and Treatment Response in Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder","authors":"Pascal Gloor ,&nbsp;Isabelle Haeberling ,&nbsp;Katharina Spanaus ,&nbsp;Gerd A Kullak-Ublick ,&nbsp;Gregor Berger ,&nbsp;Michele Visentin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low concentrations of systemic folates have been associated with a higher risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and more severe symptoms. Moreover, folate supplementation has been shown to increase the response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Folates reach the brain through the choroid plexus via transcytosis mediated by the folate receptor alpha (FRα). FRα also represents the main mechanism of folate retrieval from the nascent urine. Autoantibodies against the FRα autoantibodies(FRAAs) have been found in the serum of individuals with cerebral folate deficiency.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the role of serum FRAA titer on serum folate concentration, disease severity, and response to the SSRI/SNRI treatment in adolescents with MDD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Serum samples at baseline obtained from the participants of a large multicenter intervention trial in moderately to severely depressed youth were analyzed. Quantification of FRAA was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum folate concentration was determined by radioligand binding assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FRAA titer in the patients with folate deficiency (≤3.0 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that in the patients with a normal folate concentration, and a low FRAA titer was associated with a reduced risk of folate deficiency. No correlation was found between the Children’s Depression Rating Scale—Revised score and the serum folate concentration or the FRAA titer. In regression analysis, the effect size of the serum folate concentration on the response to SSRI/SNRI was larger than that of the FRAA titer. The response rate to the treatment in the high-folate group was ∼4 times that in the low-folate group (28.5% compared with 6.7%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In conclusion, patients with high-FRAA titers carry a higher risk of folate deficiency. Moreover, the response to SSRI/SNRI treatment is less likely in patients with folate deficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2267-2274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assuming the “Best-Fit” Shape of the Usual Nutrient Intake Distribution (with nutriR) Does Not Affect Prevalence Estimates of Nutrient Intake Inadequacy: Results from a Dietary Intake Survey in Ivorian School-Age Children","authors":"Katie Ayling ,&nbsp;Elise F Talsma ,&nbsp;Amoin Georgette Konan ,&nbsp;Georges Tiahou ,&nbsp;Mory Gbane ,&nbsp;Ingeborg Bovee-Oudenhoven ,&nbsp;Alida Melse-Boonstra","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Common methods to assess nutrient intake inadequacy are the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method and the probability of adequacy (PA). It has been postulated that the shape of the intake distribution can have a significant impact on estimates of inadequacy. The “nutritional intake functions for R” (“nutriR”) package has been developed to address this.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the impact of assuming the “best-fit” shape of nutrient intake distributions (using nutriR) on prevalence estimates of inadequate nutrient intake, as compared with observed nutrient intake distributions with the EAR cut-point or PA method.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional dietary intake survey was conducted among 443 Ivorian school-aged children (6–12 y) by 24-h recall, with nonconsecutive repeats for 13% of the population. Six methods to estimate the prevalence of intake inadequacy for 11 nutrients were compared: methods 1–3 used single 24-h recall data to either apply the <em>1</em>) EAR cut-point method, <em>2</em>) the PA method, or <em>3</em>) the nutriR method; and methods 4–6 applied the same methods after correction for within-person variation using the Statistical Program to Assess Usual Dietary Exposure, which generates estimates of usual daily nutrient intake.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nutrient intake distributions were right skewed (skewness average 1.0, range: 0.4–2.0) and showed large variation (coefficient of variation average 40%, range: 20%–60%). The prevalence estimates of inadequate nutrient intake were similar across all methods, with a mean difference of ±5 percent point (range: 0–27 percent point). The smallest mean differences, 0.4 and 0.3 percent points, were observed with usual intake data between nutriR and EAR cut-point (method 6 compared with 4), and nutriR and PA (method 6 compared with 5), respectively. Larger differences (∼12 percent point) were observed when comparing single 24-h recall data (methods 1–3) with usual intake (methods 4–6).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Assuming nutrient intake distributions with the shape of “best-fit” to the observed intake distribution did not affect prevalence estimates of nutrient inadequacy in this population of Ivorian school children.</div><div>This study was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT06175130.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2449-2458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milk Protein Glycation Compromises Postprandial Lysine Bioavailability but does not Modulate Postprandial Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates In Vivo in Males: A Double-blind, Randomized Parallel Trial","authors":"Glenn AA van Lieshout ,&nbsp;Jorn Trommelen ,&nbsp;Floris K Hendriks ,&nbsp;Jean Nyakayiru ,&nbsp;Janneau van Kranenburg ,&nbsp;Joan M Senden ,&nbsp;Joy PB Goessens ,&nbsp;Lex B Verdijk ,&nbsp;Marjolijn CE Bragt ,&nbsp;Luc JC van Loon","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Industrial processing and storage of milk products can strongly increase protein glycation level. Previously, we have reported that a high protein glycation level impairs protein digestion, thereby compromising lysine bioavailability. The lower postprandial lysine availability may restrict the anabolic properties of a high glycated protein.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to assess the impact of milk protein glycation on postprandial plasma amino acid availability and subsequent postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates during recovery from a single bout of resistance-type exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-five recreationally active, healthy young males participated in this double-blinded, randomized parallel study. After performing a single bout of whole-body resistance-type exercise, subjects ingested 20 g milk protein with either a low (4%; LOW-GLYC) or high (47%; HIGH-GLYC) glycation level or a noncaloric placebo (PLA). Continuous intravenous infusion of L-[<em>ring</em>-¹³C₆]-phenylalanine was combined with the collection of blood and muscle tissue samples during a 6-h postprandial period to assess plasma amino acid concentrations and muscle protein synthesis rates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Protein ingestion increased plasma total and essential amino acid concentrations compared with placebo (time × treatment interaction: <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), with no differences between the low and high glycated milk protein. Plasma lysine availability, assessed over the full 6 h postprandial period, was substantially lower following ingestion of the protein with the high versus low glycation level (−5 ± 7 compared with 10 ± 9 mmol · L^-1 · 360 min, respectively, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates did not differ between treatments (0.059 ± 0.016, 0.061 ± 0.012, and 0.061 ± 0.018 % · h^-1, in LOW-GLYC, HIGH-GLYC and PLA, respectively, <em>P</em> = 0.939).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ingestion of protein with a higher glycation level attenuates postprandial plasma lysine availability. Milk protein glycation does not modulate postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates during recovery from resistance exercise in healthy, young males.</div><div>This trial was registered at the Dutch Trial Register as NL8690; <span><span>https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/nl/trial/49398</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2215-2226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}