Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"One Hundred Forty-Seven Years Later: The Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Goes Wild","authors":"Miria F Criado , C Joaquin Caceres , Inkar Castellanos , Michael Kidd , Sami Dridi","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2011-2014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mitochondrial Brown Adipose Tissue Maintenance Factor Nipsnap1 Interfaces Directly With the β-Oxidation Protein Machinery in Rodents","authors":"Pei-Yin Tsai ,&nbsp;Yue Qu ,&nbsp;Claire Walter ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Chloe Cheng ,&nbsp;Joeva J Barrow","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is associated with improved metabolic health in humans. We previously identified the mitochondrial protein Nipsnap1 as a novel regulatory factor that integrates with lipid metabolism and is critical to sustain the long-term activation of BAT, but the precise mechanism and function of Nipsnap1 are unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study aims to define the function of the regulatory factor Nipsnap1 in lipid metabolism by identifying its specific protein–protein interactions and regulatory role in fatty acid β-oxidation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to overexpress Nipsnap1 in the thermogenic adipose tissue of male C57BL/6J mice and assessed whole-body energy metabolism using metabolic cages. Mitochondrial respiration in primary brown adipocytes was measured by Seahorse assay after AAV-Nipsnap1 infection. To further investigate molecular mechanisms, an immunoprecipitation assay was performed to identify Nipsnap1-interacting proteins.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We showed that adipose-specific overexpression of Nipsnap1 in mice elicits a 20% increase in energy expenditure through the utilization of lipids as an energy substrate as evidenced by the shift of the respiratory exchange ratio to 0.7 (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.001). Additionally, we showed that Nipsnap1 overexpression in primary adipocytes increases lipid β-oxidation by 39% to increase cellular energy expenditure (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). Moreover, we mapped the first protein–protein network of Nipsnap1 in brown adipocytes and showed that Nipsnap1 interacts with proteins such as solute carrier family 25 member 20 and enoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase that regulate both mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study elucidates a mechanistic function of Nipsnap1 in thermogenic fat where Nipsnap1 facilitates a functional connection between peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation pathways. By enhancing lipid utilization as energy substrates, Nipsnap1 plays a pivotal role in sustaining thermogenic fat activation to increase energy expenditure. These findings underscore the potential of Nipsnap1 as a therapeutic target for metabolic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2154-2163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphenol Intake and Risk of Dementia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Principal Component Analysis Approach","authors":"Stelios Chatzispyrellis ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Fragopoulou ,&nbsp;Eirini Mamalaki ,&nbsp;Eva Ntanasi ,&nbsp;Maria I Maraki ,&nbsp;Sokratis Charisis ,&nbsp;Ioannis Mourtzinos ,&nbsp;Mary H Kosmidis ,&nbsp;Efthimios Dardiotis ,&nbsp;Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou ,&nbsp;Paraskevi Sakka ,&nbsp;Yian Gu ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Scarmeas ,&nbsp;Mary Yannakoulia","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Polyphenols have been associated with brain health, but their impact on humans, especially in combinations, has been less explored.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary polyphenol patterns (PPs), dementia incidence, and cognitive changes over time in the elderly.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 1041 individuals without dementia (mean age 73.1, standard deviation [SD] = 4.9) were followed longitudinally. Participants provided baseline dietary data via a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dementia was diagnosed through clinical and neuropsychological evaluations, and cognitive performance was assessed using a neuropsychological battery. Principal component analysis of 11 polyphenol classes identified 3 distinct PPs. Generalized Estimating Equations assessed cognitive decline rates, whereas Cox regression models evaluated dementia risk, adjusting for covariates such as age, sex, education, energy intake, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke history, coronary disease, and baseline mild cognitive impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the follow-up period of 3.0 y (SD = 0.8), 62 participants developed dementia. The PPs explained up to 77.4% of the variance. The third polyphenol pattern (PP3), characterized by lignans, flavonols, and isoflavonoids, predominantly provided by cruciferous vegetables, pulses, and leafy vegetables, was associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline. A 1-unit increase in PP3 intake was associated with 0.9% of a SD less decline per year in the global cognitive score (β = 0.009; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.000, 0.017, <em>P</em> = 0.041). For incident dementia, participants in the third quartile of PP3 had a 71% lower risk than those in the first quartile (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.67, <em>P-</em>trend = 0.018). No significant associations were observed for the other PPs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A PP high in lignans, flavonols, and isoflavonoids was associated with a reduced risk of dementia and cognitive decline in elderly Greeks. These findings offered encouraging evidence for combined polyphenol intake, suggesting further validation in different population samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2089-2099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Net Endogenous Acid Production from the Automated Self-Administered 24-h Recall, 4-d Food Records, and a Food Frequency Questionnaire Using Urine Markers.","authors":"Douglas C Chang, Kevin W Dodd, Matthew K Abramowitz, Brian Barrett, Emma J Stinson","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although prior evidence indicates that dietary acid load (DAL) is important for health, the ability to accurately measure habitual DAL in the community is limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim was to compare net endogenous acid production (NEAP, a measure of DAL) by multiple automated self-administered 24-h recalls (ASA24s), food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 4-d food records (4DFRs) against NEAP measured by urine to assess measurement error.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Over 1 y, 1082 females and males (50%), aged 50-74 y, were asked to complete 6 ASA24s, 2 FFQs, and 2 4DFRs, and 2 24-h urine collections (n = 765 completed both). The geometric means of NEAP by self-report tools were compared with urine. Correlation coefficients and attenuation factors (< 0.4 undesirable; 1.0 optimal) between self-reported and the urine biomarkers were estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean NEAP by urine was 47.3 mEq/d [interquartile range (IQR) 36.0-63.9] in females and 48.1 mEq/d (IQR 37.2-64.2) in males. Compared with urine, mean NEAP was underestimated by -26.1% to -34.4% on FFQs, whereas ASA24 and 4DFR means differed by -5.3% to +9.0%. For a single ASA24, 4DFR, and FFQ, attenuation factors were 0.22, 0.48, and 0.31, and correlation coefficients were 0.37, 0.54, and 0.42, respectively. Averaging repeated administrations of 6 ASA24s, 2 4DFRs, and 2 FFQs are expected to improve attenuation factors to 0.61, 0.65, and 0.36, and correlation coefficients to 0.62, 0.62, and 0.46, respectively. Attenuation factors after regression calibration are expected to be close to 1 for ASA24 (0.95) and 4DFR (0.99) but lower for FFQ (0.43).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For estimating long-term NEAP, the ASA24 and 4DFR may be more advantageous compared with FFQ, particularly for estimating means and when replication of assessments and application of regression calibration are considered. The findings are useful for planning future studies to understand the health impact of acid stress.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03268577.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Relapse From Wasting: The Role of Sociodemographic, Child Feeding, and Health Care Determinants and of Wasting Prevention Interventions in Burkina Faso and Mali.","authors":"Rebecca L Brander, Mariama Toure, Elodie Becquey, Marie T Ruel, Jef L Leroy, Lieven Huybregts","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Relapse among children treated for wasting is a major concern. We estimated the frequency and determinants of relapse to wasting in 2 populations exposed to PROMIS, an integrated wasting prevention and screening program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using longitudinal data from PROMIS trials in Burkina Faso and Mali, we calculated the incidence rate and period prevalence of relapse to wasting within 6 mo in children who had ≥1 wasting episode ending when they were ≥6 mo old for which they were treated and recovered (N_{Burkina Faso} = 247; N_Mali = 220). We used backward elimination to select a multivariable model of sociodemographic, nutrition-related, and health-related determinants of relapse. We also evaluated whether prevention interventions [behavior change communication (BCC) and/or small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS)] were associated with relapse, adjusting for confounders and trial arm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Relapse incidence was 2.6 per child-year in Burkina Faso (n = 291 episodes) and 1.6 per child-year in Mali (n = 300 episodes). In both countries, being fed the recommended food frequency or iron-rich foods after recovering from wasting was associated with lower risk of relapse. In Mali, longer wasting episodes, lack of minimally diverse diet consumption, and several caregiver/household characteristics were associated with lower risk of relapse. In both countries, receipt of BCC after recovery from wasting was associated with lower risk of relapse [incidence rate ratio (IRR)_{Burkina Faso}: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.86; IRR_Mali: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.65), as was receipt of SQ-LNS (IRR_{Burkina Faso}: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.70; IRR_Mali: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.94), after adjustments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children being discharged from wasting treatment are a well-defined vulnerable population who stand to benefit from targeted postdischarge preventive interventions. BCC that includes advice on optimal infant and young child feeding practices and SQ-LNS may help prevent wasting relapse in at-risk children.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NAD⁺ Repletion Enhances Mammary Lactogenesis and Improves Offspring Development in a Sow Model.","authors":"Long Huang, Chenglin Pan, Wei Zhang, Liu He, Lulu Ma, Yingjie Li, Ruilan Zhang, Ying Li, Yong Zhuo, Xuemei Jiang, Lianqiang Che, Yan Lin, Shengyu Xu, Zhengfeng Fang, Bin Feng, De Wu, Lun Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding provides bidirectional biosocial benefits for maternal-neonatal dyads, yet lactation insufficiency remains a major clinical challenge due to incomplete understanding of lactogenesis mechanisms. Emerging evidence has identified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a critical modulator of reproductive physiology.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We characterized mammary gland (MG) NAD+ metabolism and evaluated maternal nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD+ precursor, supplementation in orchestrating mammary lactogenesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty multiparous sows were randomly allocated into either a control group fed a basal diet (CON, n = 10) or an NR treatment group (NR, n = 10) that was administered 25 mg NR/kg body weight/d in split-feed doses. Sow MG biopsies obtained under local anesthesia were analyzed for NAD+ metabolites (NAD+ and NR), histology/ultrastructure, and lactogenesis genes. MG microenvironment glucose substances in vivo were monitored using microdialysis. Milk metabolomics/composition (fat and protein) and offspring growth rate, rectal temperature (after cold stress), and intestine function (after lipopolysaccharide challenge) were assessed. Data were analyzed using t tests and 2-factor analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 17-fold NAD+ levels and NAD+ metabolic enzymes were increased in lactating MG (P < 0.05). NR upregulated mammary and milk NAD+ levels (+ 38% and + 256%, P < 0.05), alongside 31% more milk daily yield (18.0 compared with 13.7 kg, P < 0.05). NR increased MG alveolar lumen area (+46%) and lactogenesis genes (P < 0.05), paralleled by elevated pyruvate and lactate to glucose ratios (+53% and +157%) in microdialysis (P < 0.10). Offspring from NR group demonstrated 23% higher weaning weight (P < 0.05) with a reduction of hypothermia and gut barrier dysfunction (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, NAD⁺-SIRT1 signaling increased mitochondrial density (+60%) and biogenesis indices (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NR supplementation meets lactating mammary NAD⁺ demands, restoring NAD+ levels to potentiate secretory differentiation and milk biosynthesis, identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lactation insufficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Immigrant Status and Dietary Patterns in ENCLAVE, A Pooled, Observational Study of Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer.","authors":"Candyce H Kroenke, Rhonda Aoki, Lawrence H Kushi, Jacqueline M Torres, Brittany N Morey, Scarlett Gomez, Bette Caan, Alison J Canchola, Stacey Alexeeff","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet, critical to breast cancer (BC) survivorship, may change with immigration.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined associations between immigration factors and diet in a large, diverse population of BC survivors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Exploring Networks in a Cohort of Latina and Asian Emigrants, lifestyle, and Vital status (ENCLAVE) study included harmonized, pooled data from 4882 Asian, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White (NHW) women from 3 Northern California cohorts of women diagnosed from 1996 to 2013 with invasive BC and who provided data on immigrant status and diet. We conducted principal components analysis of data from food frequency questionnaires, which produced \"prudent\" and \"Western\" dietary patterns. Outcomes were tertiles characterizing the most healthful (i.e., highest prudent, lowest Western) patterns. Secondary outcomes included high intakes of fruits and vegetables (F&V) and soy and low intakes of red meat, high-fat dairy, and sweets. We fit log-binomial regression models to examine self-reported nativity and immigration-related variables (language preference, age at immigration, years in the United States, and second-generation status) and relative prevalence of dietary outcomes, overall and by race and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The correlation between the prudent and Western patterns was r = -0.08, P < 0.001. Foreign-born women consumed higher prudent (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.38, 1.67) and lower Western (PR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.67) diets, as well as higher F&V, and lower butter and red meat intake, compared with United States-born women. Associations were similar by race and ethnicity, although we noted dietary heterogeneity for certain foods and by other immigration-related variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Foreign-born Asian, Hispanic, and NHW women with BC have healthier dietary patterns than United States-born women, overall and within same-race groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Fruit and Vegetable Incentive Programs.","authors":"Ibukun Owoputi, Lauren San Diego, Xinyi Deng, Tashara M Leak","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) fruit and vegetable (FV) incentive programs aim to enhance food security and increase FV consumption among low-income United States families. A 2020 scoping review examined their implementation and outcomes, but no updated review has been conducted despite the programs' expansion over the past 5 y.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated scoping review characterizing the implementation and outcomes of SNAP FV incentive programs in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This updated review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for scoping reviews. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and ProQuest Social Science Collection were systematically searched for peer-reviewed studies on FV incentive programs. Out of 4606 articles screened, 55 studies met inclusion criteria. Studies varied by design and included quantitative (n = 39), qualitative (n = 12), and mixed methods (n = 4). Programs were characterized by geographical and retail location type, criteria to earn and redeem incentives, incentive type and incentive amount.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings were summarized in articles by program implementation (participant and stakeholder awareness of program existence and function, redemption rates, and barriers and facilitators to program implementation) and program outcomes (food security, purchase and sales, and consumption). Overall, this review found mostly positive outcomes. For example, in 14/17 studies, FV incentive programs were found to increase FV purchases. In 18/25 studies, participants reported an increase in FV consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Continued investment in FV incentive programs is critical in supporting SNAP families' nutrition and health. However, rigorous evaluation of long-term FV consumption, particularly in brick-and-mortar stores, is needed to guide program improvement and scaling.</p><p><strong>Scoping review registry: </strong>The protocol for this study was registered in Open Science Framework on 9 April 2024 (https://osf.io/2rk9j) as a scoping review.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Landscape of Iron in Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Xinyi Shen, Meijuan Zhong, Zhiting Lin, Yingjie Wang, Xuexian Fang, Junxia Min, Fudi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both iron deficiency and iron overload are highly prevalent worldwide, along with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors; moreover, iron imbalance and CVD can occur simultaneously. Iron plays important roles in hematopoiesis, the composition and function of various enzymes, and a wide range of physiological and biochemical reactions. Here, we summarize our current knowledge regarding the association between altered iron homeostasis and various forms of CVD, including atherosclerosis, heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and myocardial infarction. In addition, we outline the latest data from observational and interventional studies regarding the effects of iron deficiency and iron overload on CVD. The pathogenicity between CVD and both iron deficiency and iron overload has been revealed, thanks to several decades of research, and we discuss whether data obtained from randomized controlled trials regarding iron deficiency and/or overload can be exploited to improve cardiovascular outcome. Although both iron deficiency and iron overload can be harmful to the heart, whether iron-targeted therapies can improve outcome in CVD remains an open question that warrants future study. The emergence of ferrology as a distinct discipline focused on ecosystemic iron regulatory networks offers promising avenues for advancing cardiovascular care. We believe that targeted maintenance of iron homeostasis may catalyze paradigm-shifting approaches in CVD management, potentially unveiling novel therapeutic strategies that address previously unrecognized pathophysiological mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Sustainable and Healthy Diets in Large-Scale Surveys: Validity and Applicability of a Dietary Index Based on a Brief Food Group Propensity Questionnaire Representing the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet.","authors":"Agustin Miranda, Anna Maria Murante, Federica Manca, Fabio Consalez, Anant Jani, Fabrice DeClerck, Matthieu Maillot, Eric Verger","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ensuring healthy diets within planetary boundaries is essential. However, current instruments measuring adherence to the EAT-Lancet planetary health diet are unsuitable for large-scale surveys. Simplified tools assessing consumption frequency can improve response rates, lower costs, and facilitate administration.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop a practical and concise index for evaluating relative adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet across large-scale multicountry surveys.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, the EAT-Lancet Consumption Frequency Index (ELFI) was developed using a brief food propensity questionnaire of 14 food groups representing the planetary health diet from the Food systems that support transitions to hEalthy And Sustainable dieTs survey, which encompassed 27 European countries (n = 27,417). Subsequently, ELFI was further validated using 24-h dietary recalls from the Third French Individual and National Food Consumption Survey (n = 1645), correlating it with the valid EAT-Lancet Index (ELI), which evaluates absolute adherence, as well as with food group consumption, measures of nutritional health (nutrient adequacy and diet quality), and environmental impact. Analyses included assessment of reliability, structural validity, concurrent validity, and nomological validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ELFI showed strong reliability (α > 0.80) and factor analysis revealed a 2-factor solution: \"foods to encourage\" and \"foods to balance and to limit.\" Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that ELFI is structurally valid. Concurrent validity was confirmed as it was associated with sex, age, education, income, household size, physical activity, and smoking habit (P < 0.05). ELFI correlated with ELI (0.44, P < 0.0001) and food group consumptions. Regarding nomological validity, the ELFI subscores for \"foods to encourage\" and \"foods to balance and to limit\" were associated with better nutritional health (β = 0.62 and 0.23, respectively; P < 0.0001) and a lower environmental impact (β = -0.16 and -0.36, respectively; P < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ELFI approach represents a valuable and easy-to-implement index for evaluating relative adherence to sustainable and healthy diets in large-scale multicountry studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}