Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Maternal Diet Quality and BMI as Predictors of Human Milk C-Reactive Protein Concentrations.","authors":"Hatice Cetinkaya, Nicholas J Ollberding, Suzanne S Summer, Nathan A Meredith, Sarah D Maria, Ardythe L Morrow, Laurie A Nommsen-Rivers","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known regarding joint associations of maternal diet quality and adiposity in relation to milk concentrations of inflammatory markers.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We evaluated whether maternal diet quality and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) predict C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in human milk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used Cincinnati data from Global Exploration of Human Milk study, a prospective cohort of healthy mother-infant dyads (n = 100). We computed a dietary inflammatory index (DII) from diet recalls obtained 4-13 wk postpartum, where higher score indicating a more proinflammatory diet. CRP concentrations in week 4 milk samples were measured after validating a high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Participants were categorized into low and high DII groups at the median and BMI groups defined as normal (<25) or elevated (≥25). The associations of categorical DII score and BMI with milk CRP concentrations were tested using linear regression. Then, we compared milk CRP concentrations across 4 combinations of DII × BMI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median (Q1, Q3) values were as follows-DII: 0.13 (-1.54, 1.27); BMI: 25.4 (22.8, 30.4); and milk CRP: 101.7 (54.8, 172.3) ng/mL. Across the 4 DII × BMI groups, milk CRP was significantly different (P = 0.009) but there was no significant difference in maternal age, education, or ethnicity. Having BMI ≥ 25 was associated with higher milk CRP concentrations than having BMI <25 (β ± SE: 96.19 ± 27.23 ng/mL; P = 0.0006), although the main effect of DII was not statistically significant. The DII × BMI interaction was significant: BMI predicted milk CRP concentrations only when DII was low. Women with low DII and normal BMI had lower CRP concentrations [n = 30; 64.3 (38.2, 121.4) ng/mL] than those in the other 3 groups combined [n = 70; 124.1 (71.2, 181) ng/mL; P = 0.019].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diet modifies the relation between maternal BMI and milk CRP. The study of milk cytokines and other bioactive compounds should include measures of diet quality, when feasible, in addition to maternal adiposity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZIP Family Zinc Transporters: Emerging Players in Pancreatic β Cell Function and Insulin Regulation.","authors":"Samuel Blake Mitchell, Tolunay Beker Aydemir","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zinc is an essential micronutrient with diverse catalytic, structural, and regulatory roles across various life forms. Its essentiality for human health was recognized in the 1960s, but advancements in understanding the functions of zinc at the tissue, cell, and subcellular levels have accelerated, particularly with the identification of zinc transporters. Zinc homeostasis is primarily facilitated by two families of transporters, the SLC30A/ZNT (zinc transporters) and SLC39A/ZIP (Zrt-Irt-Like Proteins). Among these, the ZNT family transporter ZNT8 has been well-studied for its involvement in insulin production, secretion, and the viability of pancreatic β cells. However, the roles of ZIP family transporters in β cell insulin-related functions remain less explored. There have been studies implicating regulatory roles of ZIP4, ZIP5, ZIP6, and ZIP7 in β cells and emerging evidence for the involvement of ZIP8 and ZIP14 in β cell function. Despite these insights, the limited number of studies on ZIP family transporters highlights the need to consolidate existing literature to identify gaps and establish targeted, comprehensive research approaches that can further elucidate their critical roles in cellular zinc homeostasis and insulin metabolism. In this review, we first address the role of zinc in insulin production, secretion, and action. Second, we discuss the known ZIP transporters that potentially facilitate zinc delivery to specific cell compartments, focusing on literature addressing zinc and zinc transporters specifically relevant to insulin and glucose metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in United States Adult Dietary Patterns by Cardiometabolic Health and Socioeconomic Vulnerability.","authors":"Eric J Brandt, Cindy W Leung, Tammy Chang, John Z Ayanian, Mousumi Banerjee, Matthias Kirch, Dariush Mozaffarian, Brahmajee K Nallamothu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Naturally occurring dietary patterns are not well described among individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia), particularly considering socioeconomic vulnerability.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated major dietary patterns in the United States and their distribution by prevalent CVD, cardiometabolic risk factors, and socioeconomic vulnerability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 32,498 noninstitutionalized adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2020). We used principal component analysis to identify dietary patterns. Using multiple linear regression, we tested the association of prevalent CVD, cardiometabolic risk factors, and socioeconomic vulnerability [number of social risk factors and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation status] with each pattern.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four dietary patterns were identified: processed/animal foods (high-refined grains, added sugars, meats, and dairy), prudent (high vegetables, nuts/seeds, oils, seafood, and poultry), legume, and fruit/whole grain/dairy, which together explained 29.2% of the dietary variance. After adjustment for age, gender, race and ethnicity, cohort year, and total energy intake, the processed/animals foods pattern associated (β-coefficient for difference in principal component score) positively with diabetes [0.08 (0.01, 0.14)], hypertension [0.11 (0.06, 0.16)], obesity [0.15 (0.11, 0.19)], higher social risk score (P-trend < 0.001), income-eligible SNAP nonparticipation [0.16 (0.09, 0.23)], and SNAP participation [0.23 (0.17, 0.29)]. The prudent pattern associated negatively with hypertension [-0.09 (-0.14, -0.04)], obesity [-0.11 (-0.16, -0.06)], higher social risk score (P-trend < 0.001), income-eligible SNAP nonparticipation [-0.14 (-0.21, -0.06)], and SNAP participation [-0.30 (-0.35, -0.24)]. The legume pattern was associated negatively with CVD [-0.09 (-0.15, -0.02)] and obesity [-0.08 (-0.12, -0.04)], and positively with income-eligible SNAP nonparticipation [0.11 (0.04, 0.18)]. The fruit/whole grain/dairy pattern was associated positively with diabetes [0.08 (0.01, 0.15)] and negatively with hypertension [-0.21 (-0.26, -0.15)], obesity [-0.23 (-0.28, -0.18)], higher social risk score (P-trend < 0.001), and SNAP participation [-0.19 (-0.25, -0.12)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Empirical dietary patterns in the United States vary by CVD, cardiometabolic risk factors, and socioeconomic vulnerability. Initiatives to improve nutrition should consider these naturally occurring dietary patterns and their variation in key subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Supplement Use Is Associated with Select Serum Nutrient Biomarkers among Postmenopausal Women: Results from a Controlled Feeding Study.","authors":"Hannah T Baillie, Lesley F Tinker, Peng An, Theodore M Brasky, Simin Liu, JoAnn E Manson, Linda Snetselaar, Fred K Tabung, Johanna W Lampe, Marian L Neuhouser","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary supplement use is common among older adults; however, the association between supplement use and corresponding nutrient biomarkers in this population is less well understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether older women using dietary supplements had higher serum concentrations of corresponding biomarkers and whether those using multiple supplement sources of the nutrient had incrementally higher serum nutrient concentrations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants from the Women's Health Initiative enrolled in a 2-wk feeding study (n = 153). Women consumed an individualized menu and maintained intake of usual dietary supplements. Serum vitamin B12, lutein + zeaxanthin, and phospholipid fatty acids were measured at the end of the feeding period. Multiple linear regression of dietary supplement use, and participant characteristics on log-transformed serum biomarker concentrations was used to evaluate the association. One-way analysis of variance determined whether there were significant differences in mean serum biomarkers among participants based on the number of sources of a nutrient consumed via dietary supplement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In multiple linear regression models (n = 152), users of vitamin B12 supplements had 58% higher geometric mean serum concentrations of vitamin B12 than nonusers (P < 0.001). Users of omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplements had geometric mean serum phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid that were 38%-46% higher than nonusers (P < 0.0001). In contrast, use of lutein + zeaxanthin-containing supplements was not associated with serum lutein + zeaxanthin (P = 0.72). Users of 2 sources of vitamin B12 and lutein + zeaxanthin-containing dietary supplements had higher corresponding serum biomarkers than users of only a multivitamin and users of neither (P < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acid supplements were associated with higher serum biomarkers, respectively. Dietary supplements containing lutein + zeaxanthin may not increase serum biomarkers among postmenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Genome-Wide Association Study of Taste Liking in the Danish Population.","authors":"Sara Haydar, Camilla Cederbye Karlsson, Allan Linneberg, Line Lund Kårhus, Lars Ängquist, Oluf Pedersen, Wender Bredie, Torben Hansen, Niels Grarup","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Taste liking, a complex trait, plays an important role in food choice and eating behavior, thereby influencing risk of diet-related diseases.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify novel loci that could explain differences in liking of 5 basic tastes, fat sensation, and 2 oral sensations, represented by several food items.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Liking scores were derived using a newly developed taste liking questionnaire (TasteLQ), validated in the Danish population. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of liking of 6 modalities (sweet, salty, sour, bitter-astringency, umami, and pungency) and 9 factors representing modality subgroups among 6,437 Danish adults. As a secondary analysis, GWASs of 44 single food items from TasteLQ were also undertaken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 1 genome-wide significant variant, rs170518 (minor allele frequency = 0.16), on chromosome 5, associated with liking of an umami factor characterized by glutamate-rich food items [P = 3.7 × 10^-8, beta = 0.14 standard deviation (SD) (standard error (SE)) = 0.03]. When analyzing individual food items, 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 1 locus, annotated to the bitter taste receptor gene, TAS2R38, were associated with liking of bitter-tasting rocket salad. Finally, our data confirmed some of the previously associated genomic variants with taste perception, food liking, and intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although our findings provide insight into loci involved in taste liking, they remain preliminary and warrant additional validation due to lack of replication in an independent population and limited number of genome-wide significant associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Intake Is Associated with Biomarkers of Lead, Arsenic, and Cadmium in a Cohort of Mexican Adolescents.","authors":"Yanelli Rodríguez-Carmona, Ana Baylin, Peter Xk Song, Edward Ruiz-Narvaez, Cindy W Leung, Alejandra Cantoral, John D Meeker, Niladri Basu, Martha María Tellez-Rojo, Karen E Peterson, Sung Kyun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lifestyle changes during adolescence can impact dietary habits and, subsequently, exposure to heavy metals.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the associations between food group intakes and metal exposures in a cohort of adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 416 adolescents from Mexico City aged 10-18. Sociodemographic information at birth and repeated measurements of diet, anthropometry, and metal exposures were collected over 2 visits 3.5 ± 0.40 y apart (n = 514). Food groups (n = 31) were created based on the characteristics of 119 food frequency questionnaire items and metal dietary sources. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the associations between food group intake and exposure to blood lead, urinary arsenic, and urinary cadmium for the overall population (main models) and stratified by sex. Models were adjusted for age, sex (main models), maternal age, socioeconomic status, and specific gravity (only for urinary metals).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fruit intake in girls {2.63% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22%, 5.10%]}, and candy in boys [2.13% (95% CI: 0.40%, 3.88%)] and in the whole population [1.38% (95% CI: 0.16%, 2.61%)] were associated with higher blood lead levels. Additionally, leafy greens intake was associated with higher blood lead [10.75% (95% CI: -0.01%, 22.66%)]. Chicken intake in girls was associated with 5.95% (95% CI: 0.38%, 11.84%) higher urinary cadmium. Similarly, the intake of homemade sugar-sweetened beverages in girls [4.42% (35% CI: 0.13%, 8.89%)], and in the whole population [4.14% (95% CI: 1.42%, 6.94%)], was associated with higher urinary cadmium. Moreover, the intake of fish and seafood groups was positively associated with blood lead, urinary arsenic, and urinary cadmium.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We observed associations between food group intake and metal exposures in a group of Mexican adolescents using repeated measures of both outcomes and exposures. We also found that some of these associations varied by sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Vital Role of Microbiota Metabolites in Early-Life Health","authors":"Baoyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingying Lin ,&nbsp;Sijia Song ,&nbsp;Huiyuan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early-life gut microbiota metabolites profoundly influence gut homeostasis, neurodevelopment, metabolic regulation, and immune system maturation. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive summaries and discussions regarding gut microbiota metabolites during early-life stages. This review systematically analyzes microbiota metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, tryptophan metabolites, and branched-chain fatty acids, and delves into their production mechanisms and temporal dynamics. Additionally, the review highlights how maternal factors, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and environmental influences shape the composition and metabolic functions of the early-life gut microbiota, emphasizing that early life is a crucial window for lifelong health interventions. By integrating the latest research findings and identifying knowledge gaps, this review emphasizes the molecular mechanisms of gut microbiota metabolites and their role in addressing common early-life diseases, including their potential as early biomarkers for screening, prevention, improvement, and even treatment of early diseases, as well as predicting their potential related diseases. On the basis of these insights, this review lays the foundation for future research and practical applications, aiming to promote optimal health from infancy to childhood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1653-1662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Dual Isotope Tracer Approach with Oro-Ileal Balance Method for Determination of Amino Acid Digestibility in Cannulated Pigs","authors":"Nikkie van der Wielen ,&nbsp;Sonja de Vries ,&nbsp;Nadezda Khodorova ,&nbsp;Juliane Calvez ,&nbsp;Ilaria Minussi ,&nbsp;Walter Gerrits ,&nbsp;Claire Gaudichon ,&nbsp;Daniel Tomé ,&nbsp;Marco Mensink","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The dual isotope tracer approach was developed as a less invasive alternative for the measurement of ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to validate the dual isotope tracer approach with the standardized oro-ileal balance method in growing pigs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eight pigs were fitted with jugular catheters and ileal T-cannulas. On the test day, feed containing intrinsically labeled ¹⁵N-milk protein and ¹³C-spirulina was provided every half hour for 240 min. Ileal digesta and 10 jugular blood samples were collected between 0 min and 540 min. Digesta samples were analyzed for isotopic enrichment, AA, and titanium concentrations for balance method calculations. Serum AA isotopic enrichment was measured for dual stable isotope tracer calculations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using the oro-ileal balance method, the mean ileal AA digestibility of milk protein concentrate was 97.8 ± 0.59% and of spirulina 81.5 ± 2.44% (mean ± standard deviation). Lysine digestibility was specifically evaluated, as it does not transaminate. Lysine digestibility of milk protein concentrate calculated according to the dual isotope tracer approach was 88.9 ± 8.35%, 9% point lower than the value obtained with the oro-ileal method (98.1 ± 0.36, <em>P</em> = 0.04). Moreover, Bland-Altman analysis showed that the difference between methods was higher, with lower mean lysine digestibility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study observed differences between the dual isotope tracer approach and the oro-ileal balance method for estimating lysine digestibility under the current experimental conditions with 6 pigs. This result may be due to methodological issues. Considering the use of ¹⁵N protein, conclusions on other AA that do not transaminate could not be drawn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1722-1730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Associations of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index With Human Milk Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Composition in the Observational Norwegian Human Milk Study","authors":"Talat B Ahmed ,&nbsp;Merete Eggesbø ,&nbsp;Rachel Criswell ,&nbsp;Hans Demmelmair ,&nbsp;Martina Totzauer ,&nbsp;Berthold Koletzko","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human milk fat quality depends on its fatty acid (FA) and phospholipid (PL) composition. There is clear evidence that maternal diet influences human milk FA composition. However, the scientific literature concerning associations between prepregnancy body mass index (pBMI) and milk FA and PL composition remains inconclusive.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This observational study aimed to identify the associations between maternal pBMI and the milk FA and choline-containing PL species composition, considering study confounders, including fish intake as a proxy for n3 long-chain polyunsaturated FA (n3-LCPUFA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed total FA and choline-containing PL-classes (lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin) in 628 milk samples from the Norwegian Human Milk Study birth-cohort using gas chromatography and flow-injection mass spectrometry, respectively. Multiple regression analysis assessed the relationship between pBMI and milk lipid metabolites (%FA, %PL) (reported as <em>β</em> = standardized regression coefficient with adjusted <em>P</em> value &lt; 0.0005, B(95% confidence interval [CI]) = unstandardized coefficient with 95% CI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Maternal pBMI showed significant association (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0005) with n3-LCPUFA [<em>β</em> = −0.138, B(95% CI) = −0.010 (−0.015, −0.005)], n6/n3LCPUFA ratio [<em>β</em> = 0.170, B(95% CI) = 0.020(0.012, 0.028)], monounsaturated FA [<em>β</em> = 0.207, B(95% CI) = 0.128(0.076, 0.180)], and corresponding PL species [%LysoPC16:1, <em>β</em> = 0.171, B(95% CI) = 0.001(0.001,0.002), %LysoPC18:1, <em>β</em> = 0.155, B(95%CI) = 0.005 (0.002,0.007)] adjusted with the study covariates. The percentages of variance explained by pBMI were 40% for the n6/n3 LCPUFA ratio, 34% for n3-LCPUFA, and 10% for monounsaturated FA. Conversely, analyses revealed no significant associations between pBMI and choline-containing PL classes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Biological factors likely increased stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity, lower lipoprotein lipase activity, and a compensatory higher contribution of nonesterified FA from adipose tissue in mothers with pBMI ≥30 could potentially lead to the observed outcomes. Metabolic differences regarding BMI variances may influence the FA availability for mammary gland triglyceride and PL synthesis. Therefore, in addition to dietary intake, maintaining a healthy maternal pBMI may improve the nutritional quality of human milk, ultimately supporting infants’ development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1818-1827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Based Diets and Cardiovascular Events: A Proteomics Approach to Examine the Underlying Pathways","authors":"Hyunju Kim ,&nbsp;Jingsha Chen ,&nbsp;Brenton Prescott ,&nbsp;Maura E Walker ,&nbsp;Morgan E Grams ,&nbsp;Bing Yu ,&nbsp;Ramachandran S Vasan ,&nbsp;James Floyd ,&nbsp;Nona Sotoodehnia ,&nbsp;Nicholas L Smith ,&nbsp;Dan E Arking ,&nbsp;Josef Coresh ,&nbsp;Casey M Rebholz","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Proteomics may improve our understanding of the biological pathways underlying these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Using large-scale proteomics, we aimed to examine if plant-based diet-related proteins, which have been previously identified, are associated with incident CVD and subtypes of CVD in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Discovery analyses were based on 9078 participants free of CVD at ARIC visit 3 (1993–1995). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the associations between plant-based diet-related proteins and incident CVD, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke. Replication analyses were based on 1279 participants without CVD in the FHS Offspring cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the ARIC study, over a median follow-up of 21 y, there were 3167 CVD events. At a false discovery rate &lt;0.05, 26 of 73 plant-based diet-related proteins were significantly associated with incident CVD, after adjusting for important confounders. Eighteen, 1, and 0 proteins were associated with heart failure, stroke, and coronary artery disease, respectively. Three and 2 additional proteins were associated with CVD and heart failure risk in the FHS Offspring cohort at the nominal threshold (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In the ARIC Study and FHS Offspring cohort, soluble advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor was inversely associated with incident CVD whereas thrombospondin-2 (THBS2) and N-terminal pro-BNP was positively associated with incident CVD. THBS2 was positively associated with incident heart failure, whereas neuronal growth factor regulator 1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 was inversely associated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These proteins highlight several pathways that could explain plant-based diets–CVD associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1741-1750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}