Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Validation of REFRESH: A Dietary Screener for Rapid Evaluation FoR Environmentally Sustainable and Healthy Diets.","authors":"Ujué Fresán, Anna Boronat, Itziar Zazpe, Maira Bes-Rastrollo, Joren Buekers, Rafael de la Torre, Guillaume Chevance","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The urgency of promoting sustainable diets, coupled with limited knowledge of dietary sustainability among health professionals, highlights the need for simple tools to assist in advocating for such diets in clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to design a dietary screener to assess dietary healthiness and environmental sustainability, and validate it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rapid Evaluation FoR Environmentally Sustainable and Healthy diets (REFRESH) is a dichotomous tool targeting 10 key food groups for healthy diets with low environmental impacts. Each food group is scored as either 0 or 1 point, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 10-where 0 indicates the lowest and 10 the highest adherence to an environmentally sustainable and healthy diet. Internal consistency was assessed using the Kuder Richardson-20 (KR-20) coefficient. REFRESH's relative validity was compared against food diaries, evaluating item agreement, and using Bland-Altman analysis for the total REFRESH score. Cross-classification was tested in low, medium, and high adherence to sustainable healthy diets, along with weighted kappa index. Construct validity was evaluated through Pearson correlation between REFRESH-derived scores and health-promoting and detrimental food groups and nutrients, and environmental impact indicators, as derived from food diaries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>REFRESH had a KR-20 coefficient of 0.70, indicating good internal consistency. It showed high agreement with food diaries (60%-88% item agreement), and Bland-Altman analysis indicated that mean REFRESH scores were 1.1 points higher than food diaries. Cross-classification showed 59% agreement between methods, with only 1% of participants misclassified in the opposite category. REFRESH-derived scores positively correlated with health-promoting food groups and nutrients, and negatively with detrimental ones. Higher scores were linked to reduced environmental impacts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>REFRESH has demonstrated good validity for assessing dietary healthiness and environmental sustainability, helping identify individuals with suboptimal diets. REFRESH can be downloaded from https://osf.io/avby9/.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fate of Dietary Tryptophan in Fish: Unveiling Its Sources, Transport, Metabolism, and Multifaceted Impacts.","authors":"Pandi Kalaiselvan, Amit Ranjan, Albin Jemila Thangarani, Nathan Felix, D Kamil Akamad","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising need for sustainable protein sources has made aquaculture vital for securing food supply. A balanced protein-rich diet is essential to support the optimal growth, health, and productivity of farmed aquatic species. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and serves as a precursor for neurotransmitters such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and melatonin, which regulate reproduction, appetite, stress, and aggression in fish. The shift toward sustainable feed solutions emphasizes the need for tryptophan supplementation to address the deficiencies in alternative protein sources. Tryptophan supplementation promotes growth by enhancing protein synthesis, muscle development, and nutrient absorption while mitigating stress and inflammation through serotonin and melatonin synthesis. Its antioxidant properties help regulate oxidative stress, protect against environmental damage, and improve fish resilience. Tryptophan also modulates immune functions and reproductive processes, highlighting its multifaceted significance in aquaculture. Tryptophan interacts synergistically with other nutrients to enhance growth and immune responses. However, imbalanced tryptophan levels can impair growth, immune function, and productivity, thus requiring precise dietary formulations. The optimal tryptophan requirement varies among species and target functions. This review aims to highlight the pivotal role of tryptophan in fish health, growth, stress regulation, immune responses, oxidative damage, reproduction, cannibalism and its interaction with other nutrients, demonstrating its potential to further enhance immune function and support metabolic regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milk with Mulberry Leaf Extract, Vegetable Oil, and Inulin Reduce Early Glucose and Insulin Response in Healthy Adults in China: Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Anna Cherta-Murillo, Hanyuan Xu, Norman Moullan, Monika Tadi, Fang Huang, Niranjana Kodakuthumparambil, Vanessa Caroline Campos, Jiahui Li, Qu Fu, Qiaoji Li, Hao Huang, Andreas Rytz, Christian Darimont, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High carbohydrate intake leading to increased postprandial glycemia is associated with type 2 diabetes. Particularly in China, prediabetes is highly prevalent (>40%) in adults (>40 y old). Bioactive ingredients such as mulberry leaf extract (MLE) lower glycemia and can be a good strategy to manage prediabetes, but its health effects when added to milk are poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of a milk powder supplemented with MLE, vegetable oil, and inulin on glucose and insulin responses to a carbohydrate-rich meal compared with regular skimmed milk, in healthy middle-aged adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 2-arm, crossover, open-label, randomized controlled trial with 31 healthy adults (>45 y old) consuming either the supplemented milk (test product [TP]) or regular skimmed milk (control) with a standardized breakfast. Blood samples were collected to assess postprandial responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight subjects were analyzed. TP did not change glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC0)-180 min (primary outcome) but significantly decreased glucose iAUC0-60 min by 25% compared with control. TP also significantly decreased insulin and c-peptide iAUC0-60 min by 22% and 18%, respectively, and for iAUC0-120 min by 16% and 11%, respectively. Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide iAUC0-120 min and 0-180 min were also significantly decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As compared with regular skimmed milk, milk supplemented with MLE, vegetable oil, and inulin reduced early postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults of Chinese ethnicity, which could mitigate the risk of developing chronic diseases. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05570435.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Intakes of People Living in Canada: An Assessment Using Disaggregated Population Data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition.","authors":"Hope A Weiler, Isabelle Rondeau, Julie K Ennis, Fuqi Chen, Cunye Qiao, The Minh Luong, Janice L Daoust, Krista A Esslinger","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The dietary reference intakes for vitamin D were set in support of adequate vitamin D status. In Canada, the prevalence of inadequate vitamin D status is 19% based on biomarker data.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study are to assess the adequacy of total usual intakes (UIs) of vitamin D of people living in Canada and explore sociodemographic correlates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Vitamin D intake data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition (n = 19,567, ≥1 y) were used. The prevalence of inadequate UI was defined as the percent below the estimated average requirement (%<EAR, 10 μg/d); risk of excess intakes was defined as the percent above the tolerable upper intake level (%>UL). Intakes (%<EAR and μg/d) of supplement users and nonusers were summarized by age-sex groups and sociodemographic factors. The top natural and fortified [mandated: cow's milk and margarine; voluntary: plant-based beverages (PBBs)] food sources of vitamin D were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In supplement nonusers, %<EAR was ≥85.2% across age-sex groups. In supplement users (33.5%, 95% confidence interval: 32.1%, 34.8%), %<EAR ranged from 7.9% to 54.2% among age-sex groups. Overall, the %>UL was <3%. Total UI of vitamin D in supplement nonusers and users did not vary widely according to sociodemographic factors. Overall, the top 4 food sources of vitamin D were cow's milk and fortified plant-based beverages (FPBBs) combined, margarine, fish, and eggs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Canada, the population prevalence of inadequate vitamin D intake is high, although lower among supplement users. Since the time of this survey, dietary guidance advises vitamin D supplementation for people ≥2 y who do not consume a daily food source of vitamin D. Subsequently, the amount of vitamin D in milks, margarines, and FPBB was increased and its addition to yogurts and kefirs was permitted. These strategies may help people living in Canada to achieve adequate intakes of vitamin D.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Inclusion of Free Sugars as Opposed to Total Sugars in Nutrient Profiling Models Improve Their Performance? A Cross-sectional Analysis From the PREDISE Study.","authors":"Alicia Corriveau, Mylène Turcotte, Amélie Bergeron, Simone Lemieux, Marie-Ève Labonté","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nutrient profiling (NP) models characterize the healthfulness of foods. Few NP models have been validated, and nutrients included in their algorithm do not always reflect the most recent scientific evidence.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed 1) to evaluate the validity of NP models against a diet quality measure and cardiometabolic risk factors in French-Canadians and 2) to compare the validity of each model when replacing total sugars by free sugars in their algorithm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PRÉDicteurs Individuels, Sociaux et Environnementaux cross-sectional study was used to test original and modified versions (i.e., including total or free sugars, respectively) of 3 NP models: Health Star Rating (HSR) system, Nutri-Score, and Nutrient-Rich Food index 6.3. Data from web-based self-administered 24-h recalls completed by 1019 adults were used to calculate energy-weighted NP-derived individual scores for both versions of each model. Associations between individual scores and the Healthy Eating Food Index 2019, as well as 14 biomarkers covering anthropometry, blood pressure, blood lipids, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory biomarkers, were assessed using multivariable linear models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher quality of foods consumed, as assessed by all 3 original models, was associated with higher Healthy Eating Food Index 2019 (adjusted R²: 0.43-0.55), and with lower body mass index (BMI) (β: from -0.16 to +0.48 kg/m²; P ≤ 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (β: -0.08 to +0.30 mm Hg; P ≤ 0.04) and triglycerides (β: -0.01 to +0.02 mmol/L; P ≤ 0.002). Original HSR and Nutri-Score were also associated with lower waist circumference and HOMA-IR, lower insulin (HSR only), and higher HDL cholesterol (Nutri-Score only). Replacing total sugars by free sugars in each model only slightly increased the number of associations observed with biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All 3 models are associated with diet quality and some biomarkers of health status in French-Canadians, although no model outranks the others. Replacing total sugars by free sugars has little to no effect on NP models' performance, therefore not supporting this approach for now.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal Energy Absorption Is Associated with Glycemic Variability in Young, Healthy Adults.","authors":"M Alan Dawson, Susan N Cheung, Michael R La Frano, Ravinder Nagpal, Claire E Berryman","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although it is well established that humans are not capable of absorbing 100% of gross energy consumed from the diet, little is known regarding the association between intestinal energy absorption (i.e., digestibility) and metabolic health and gastrointestinal function.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this secondary analysis was to determine associations between energy digestibility and markers of cardiometabolic health and gastrointestinal function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen healthy adults consumed a weight-maintenance controlled diet for 9 d. During days 4-7, participants collected all stool and urine, which allowed for the measurement of energy and macronutrient loss and determination of digestibility (i.e., energy absorption). Relationships between energy digestibility, gastrointestinal transit time, and cardiometabolic health outcomes were assessed by Pearson and Spearman correlations. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify variables that could be collected in the laboratory and serve as a surrogate measure of energy digestibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean energy digestibility was 91.7% ± 1.5% with individual digestibility values ranging from 89.7% to 94.3%. Wet (r = -0.89, P < 0.0001) and dry stool weight (r = -0.89, P < 0.0001), gross energy intake (r = -0.53, P = 0.034), and fiber intake (r = -0.53, P = 0.034) were inversely associated with digestibility. Glucose variability (mean amplitude of glycemic excursions; r = 0.68, P = 0.0056), colonic transit time (r = 0.63, P = 0.016), age (r = 0.63, P = 0.0093), and whole-gut transit time ( r = 0.54, P = 0.032) were positively associated with digestibility. Furthermore, in a multiple linear regression model, 95% of the variability in energy digestibility was explained by the dry weight of stool (g/d), 24-h blood glucose variability (mean amplitude of glycemic excursions; mg/dL), colonic transit time (h), whole-gut transit time (h), and age (y; adjusted R² = 0.95, P < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Energy digestibility is an important physiological variable associated with gastrointestinal function and glucose variability and should be considered in future precision nutrition trials.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>This study was registered at the Florida State University Institutional Review Board and registered on clinicaltrials.gov as registration number NCT04877262 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04877262?id=NCT04877262&rank=1).</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Contribution to Energy and Nutrient Intake from Dairy Foods in Children and Adults Using NHANES, 2015-2018.","authors":"Kristin Fulgoni, Victor L Fulgoni, Sanjiv Agarwal, Kristin Ricklefs-Johnson, Matthew A Pikosky, Christopher J Cifelli","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends 2-3 servings of dairy a day, but most of the American population consumes less. Multiple factors can influence the intake of dairy including sex, age, ethnicity, and income.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to determine the calorie and nutrient contribution of dairy foods stratified by race/ethnicity in the United States to assess if messages regarding dairy recommendations should be tailored to different populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018 (N = 14,851) data were used to calculate the contribution of dairy and dairy products to underconsumed nutrients and nutrients of public health concern stratified by age and race/ethnicity. The population ratio method was used to determine the percentage of contribution of dairy foods to calories and nutrients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Milk was the top source of vitamin D and potassium from the dairy group, whereas cheese was the top source of calcium in children and adults. Both non-Hispanic Black children and adults consumed fewer nutrients from dairy, whereas non-Hispanic Asian children consumed more nutrients from dairy compared with their adult counterparts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the disparity in dairy intake, results suggest that concerted efforts are needed to develop targeted specific messages to different subgroups based on race/ethnicity to promote dairy intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does It Really Reduce Obesity? Substitution Effects of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax-Empirical Evidence From China.","authors":"Zeqi Liu, Shanshan Li, Yizheng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In China, the increasing prevalence of obesity has become a significant public health challenge, prompting the government to explore various intervention measures, including tax policies. Although the Healthy China 2030 plan emphasizes the importance of promoting health, a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has not yet been implemented in China, and there is a significant lack of localized empirical research on its actual effects in the country. This study aimed to fill this gap by exploring the potential impact of an SSB tax within China's specific socioeconomic and cultural context on the obesity issue.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine the impact of the tax-induced increase in the price of sugary drinks on the consumption of various types of sugary foods in households, based on data on household consumption of sugary foods in 31 provinces from 2000 to 2015 and to calculate the change in the number of calories in households due to the increase in the price of SSBs to assess the net impact of the SSB taxes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System model, using price elasticity and substitution effects analysis, to evaluate the impact of an SSB tax on overall calorie intake and obesity rates among Chinese households.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The impact of the SSB tax was evaluated, revealing that the price increase led to a nationwide reduction in SSB consumption, with the most significant decrease observed in low-income households. After a 20% price hike, SSB consumption in low-income families decreased by 29.42%. However, owing to the substitution effect, this price increase also led households to shift toward consuming other high-sugar foods, ultimately resulting in a 2.57% increase in total caloric intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the SSB tax could reduce the consumption of sugary drinks among low-income families, the increase in consumption of high-sugar substitutes will lead to an increase in overall caloric intake, which may undermine the effectiveness of SSB taxes. This suggests that merely imposing an SSB tax may not be effective in reducing obesity rates in China. The research highlights the need for a more comprehensive strategy, such as expanding the tax scope to include more high-calorie foods, to more effectively reduce the prevalence of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placental Metabolism Is Linked to Prenatal Vitamin Supplement Use in the First Month of Pregnancy in the MARBLES Cohort.","authors":"Mariana Parenti, Rebecca J Schmidt, Daniel J Tancredi, Meghan Miller, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Cheryl K Walker, Carolyn M Slupsky","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The first month of pregnancy is a key time in early developmental programming. Prenatal vitamin/mineral supplement use during the first month of pregnancy (PNVmo1) was associated with reduced risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Markers of Autism Risk in Babies, Learning Early Signs (MARBLES) cohort.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the associations between PNVmo1, the placental and umbilical cord serum metabolomes, and the child's later neurodevelopmental outcome in the MARBLES pregnancy cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Placental (n = 78) and umbilical cord serum (n = 132) metabolomes were investigated using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PNVmo1 was determined by self-report. At 36 mo of age, child neurodevelopmental outcomes were classified by MARBLES clinicians into 3 groups: typically developing (TD), ASD, or nontypically developing (Non-TD) but not ASD, which was dominated by developmental delays and/or elevated autism symptoms but not meeting ASD criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for covariates, permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed that PNVmo1 was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the placental and umbilical cord serum metabolomes. In the placenta, higher concentrations of amino acids were observed in the PNVmo1 group (false discovery rate <0.1). After adjustment for PNVmo1 and other covariates, permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant association (P < 0.05) between the placental metabolome and Non-TD outcome status. No associations were observed in the analyses of umbilical cord serum metabolism or with ASD outcome. We tested for but did not find evidence that the placental metabolome explained the relationship between PNVmo1 and Non-TD outcome in an exploratory mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the placental metabolome could be sensitive to nutrient supplementation during the earliest stages of pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Adults in Rural South Asia Eat and When They Eat It: Evidence From Bangladesh, India, and Nepal.","authors":"Samuel Scott, Sharvari Patwardhan, Marie Ruel, Suman Chakrabarti, Sumanta Neupane, Swetha Manohar, Mourad Moursi, Purnima Menon","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor diets are associated with all forms of malnutrition and diet-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Data on dietary patterns are scarce in South Asia.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We sought to describe overall diet quality and intake of foods and food groups at different eating occasions among adults in rural South Asia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected cross-sectional data from 5 districts across Bangladesh (n = 2802 individuals), India (n = 1672), and Nepal (n = 1451). The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) application was used to measure food intake on the previous day, with each food tagged to an eating occasion. Diet quality and risk of dietary inadequacy and diet-related NCDs were assessed using GDQS total (0-49 points), GDQS positive (0-32), and GDQS negative (0-17) metrics for overall, healthy, and unhealthy food group intake, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diet quality was low, with similar scores across countries for GDQS total (17-19), GDQS positive (7-8), and GDQS negative (10-12). Over 90% of adults had levels of GDQS scores associated with moderate/high risk of nutrient inadequacy and diet-related NCDs, with the proportion at high risk in Bangladesh being 2-3× higher than that in other countries. One-third of adults skipped breakfast in Nepal, and snacking was twice as common in males (63%) vs females (33%) in Bangladesh. Lower GDQS total scores (worse diets) were associated with female gender and lower household wealth but not with household production of crops or livestock.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings may help inform interventions to improve diets in South Asia, focusing on increasing intake of healthy fresh foods, while limiting intake of processed foods high in sugar, salt, and saturated fat.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}