Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Premeal Pistachio Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Asian Indian Adults with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Karthikeyan Ashwini ,&nbsp;Kuzhandhaivelu Abirami ,&nbsp;Rajagopal Gayathri ,&nbsp;Sekar Sasikala ,&nbsp;Vasudevan Sudha ,&nbsp;Shanmugam Shobana ,&nbsp;Raman Ganesh Jeevan ,&nbsp;Kamala Krishnaswamy ,&nbsp;Vadivelu Deepika ,&nbsp;Marimuthu Rajalakshmi ,&nbsp;Mookambika Ramya Bai R ,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Parkavi ,&nbsp;Soundararajan Padmavathi ,&nbsp;Ranjit Mohan Anjana ,&nbsp;Ranjit Unnikrishnan ,&nbsp;Frank B Hu ,&nbsp;Walter C Willett ,&nbsp;Jordi Salas-Salvadó ,&nbsp;Shilpa N Bhupathiraju ,&nbsp;Viswanathan Mohan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Asian Indians are susceptible to developing type 2 diabetes at a lower age and often consume diets that are high in glycemic load and low in healthy fats.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 30 g prebreakfast and 30 g predinner supplementation of pistachios for 12 wk on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), other glycemic markers, anthropometry, and lipid profile of Asian Indians with prediabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a 12-wk parallel arm, randomized controlled trial, we recruited 120 participants with prediabetes based on American Diabetes Association criteria. The intervention group (<em>n</em> = 60) consumed 60 g pistachios (30 g prebreakfast and predinner) whereas the control group (<em>n</em> = 60) followed a routine diet that excluded nuts. At baseline and 12 wk, we collected blood samples for biochemical analysis, anthropometrics, and 24-h recalls. Participants wore a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor during the trial’s first and last 2 wk. Urinary <em>N</em>-methyl-<em>trans</em>-4-hydroxy-<span>l</span>-proline (MHP) was measured as a marker of pistachio consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 109 participants completed the study (follow-up rate = 90.8%). Compared with participants in the control group, those in the intervention group had significant reductions in HbA1c (mean between-group difference: −0.2; 95% confidence interval: −0.3, −0.1; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001] with no significant changes in fasting or 2-h post glucose load plasma glucose. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had significant reductions in serum triglyceride, waist circumference, lipid accumulation product, visceral adiposity index, and atherogenic index. Urinary MHP (mg/g creatinine) showed a 62% increase in the intervention compared with the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). CGM data revealed significant decreases in the incremental area under the curve, 2-h after breakfast (28%, p=0.01) and after dinner (17%, <em>P</em> = 0.002) in the intervention group compared to the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A 12-wk, premeal load of 60 g pistachios lowers HbA1c and improves cardiometabolic profile among Asian Indians with prediabetes. This is among the first studies to investigate these effects in this ethnic group.</div><div>This study was registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India as CTRI/2020/11/029340.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 899-909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mice Born to Mothers Fed a Diet High in Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Low in Omega-3 Fatty Acids During Pregnancy Exhibit Various Behavioral Changes Including Impaired Social Behaviors and Enhanced Recognition Memory","authors":"Nobuyuki Sakayori ,&nbsp;Kazuki Fujii ,&nbsp;Masanori Katakura ,&nbsp;Mayumi Adachi ,&nbsp;Yumie Koshidaka ,&nbsp;Keizo Takao ,&nbsp;Makoto Sugita","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Modern dietary trends have led to an increase in foods that are relatively high in <em>n</em>–6 PUFAs and low in <em>n</em>–3 PUFAs. We previously reported that the offspring of mother mice that consumed a diet high in <em>n</em>–6 linoleic acid (LA) and low in <em>n</em>–3 α-linolenic acid (ALA), hereinafter called the LA^high/ALA^low diet, exhibited behavioral abnormalities related to anxiety and feeding.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We currently lack a comprehensive overview of the behavioral abnormalities in these offspring, which was investigated in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>C57BL/6J virgin female mice at 11 wk of age were fed either a control diet or the LA^high/ALA^low diet, mated at 13 wk of age, and maintained on their respective diet throughout gestation. At birth, the lactating mothers’ diet was replaced with standard laboratory feed pellets. After weaning, the offspring continued to receive standard laboratory feed pellets, and both male and female offspring at 1–63 wk of age were analyzed using a comprehensive behavioral test battery (<em>n</em> = 6–14 offspring/group and offspring in each group were derived from ≥3 independent litters).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both male and female offspring exposed in utero to the LA^high/ALA^low diet exhibited impaired social behaviors, including the lower number of contacts with novel mice in the social interaction test [diet, <em>F</em>_(1,15) = 9.807, <em>P</em> = 0.007, 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)], and also showed enhanced recognition memory in the object location test (diet, <em>F</em>_(1,36) = 6.779, <em>P</em> = 0.013, 2-way ANOVA) compared with offspring exposed in utero to the control diet. In addition, compared with sex-matched controls, female offspring displayed hyperactivity in the open field test (<em>F</em>_(1,36) = 6.097, <em>P</em> = 0.018, simple main effect analysis).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The maternal balance between dietary <em>n</em>–6 and <em>n</em>–3 PUFAs during pregnancy can have significant effects on the offspring’s behaviors, lasting well into adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 775-787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern: A High-Salt Diet Further Impairs Age-Associated Declines in Cognitive, Behavioral, and Cardiovascular Functions in Male Fischer Brown Norway Rats [The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 143, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 1406-1413].","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"1008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Blueberry before and/or after Exposure to High Energy and Charge Particle Radiation Attenuates Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, Glial Cell Activation, and Memory Deficits in Rats","authors":"Danielle S Cahoon ,&nbsp;Derek R Fisher ,&nbsp;Tong Zheng ,&nbsp;Stefania Lamon-Fava ,&nbsp;Dayong Wu ,&nbsp;Bernard M Rabin ,&nbsp;Barbara Shukitt-Hale","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute neuroinflammatory and oxidative-stress (OS)-inducing stressors, such as high energy and charge (HZE) particle irradiation, produce accelerated aging in the brain. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant foods, such as blueberries (BB), attenuate neuronal and cognitive deficits when administered to rodents before or both before and after HZE particle exposure. However, the effects of post-stressor treatments are unknown and may be important to repair initial damage and prevent progressive neurodegeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study assessed the differential efficacy and mechanistic targets of a BB-supplemented diet before and/or after HZE particle irradiation on neuroinflammation, OS, glial cell activation, and memory deficits.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (<em>n =</em> 120) consumed a 2% BB or control diet for 45 d. Rats were whole-body irradiated (150 cGy ⁵⁶Fe) or were not irradiated, followed by a 45-d post-treatment interval in which they were fed a 2% BB or control diet. The novel object recognition (NOR) test was performed at the end of the post-treatment interval to evaluate memory. Biomarkers of neuroinflammation, OS, and glial cell activity were evaluated in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of rat brains after euthanasia. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance, t-tests, and Pearson correlations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pre- and/or post-irradiation BB treatments were similarly effective at reducing ⁵⁶Fe-induced recognition memory deficits on the NOR and the protein and/or mRNA expression of neuroinflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-ɑ, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, phosphorylated IκB-α), 1 mediator of OS (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH] oxidase-2), and markers for microglia and astrocyte activity (CD68 and glial fibrillary acidic protein) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats 45 d post-irradiation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings support the use of dietary post-treatments with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to attenuate biochemical changes in the brain and memory deficits after acute neuroinflammatory/OS-inducing stressors, in addition to having protective benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 690-702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pine (Pinus koraiensis) Nut Oil Ameliorates Cholesterol Homeostasis and Inflammation via Modulating the miR-34a/122 Pathways in the Liver of Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet","authors":"Yunji Lee ,&nbsp;Mak-Soon Lee ,&nbsp;Jumi Lee ,&nbsp;In-Hwan Kim ,&nbsp;Yangha Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pine (<em>Pinus koraiensis</em>) nut oil (PNO) has been reported to have various beneficial effects on hepatic triglyceride accumulation and atherosclerosis in animal models. MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in various diseases by modulating physiological processes. However, the mechanism underlying PNO’s effects on the regulation of miRs involved in hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated the effects of PNO on the regulation of the miR-34a/122 pathways involved in cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation in the liver using a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) rat model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Six-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 8/group) and provided with <em>1</em>) a cholesterol-free diet, <em>2</em>) an HCD containing 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid, or <em>3</em>) an HCD containing 5% PNO for 4 wk. Lipid analysis of serum and liver, histological evaluation, and analysis of gene and protein expression were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PNO supplementation in HCD improved hepatic lipid profiles and elevated serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with the HCD group. PNO significantly upregulated hepatic gene expression levels of liver X receptor α and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1/G1, which are involved in cholesterol efflux (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Gene expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were downregulated by PNO (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). PNO also suppressed TNF-α and IL-6 protein levels by 22.3% and 17.3%, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). PNO reduced hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B activity by 16.4% and decreased nitric oxide production in the liver and serum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, hepatic miR-34a and miR-122 expressions decreased by 16.4% and 15.7% by PNO, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that PNO may affect cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation, which are partially associated with the miR-34a/122 pathways in the liver under an HCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 871-879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary Bile Acid Derivatives Are Contributors to the Fecal Bile Acid Pool and Associated With Bile Acid–Modulating Nutrients","authors":"Patricia G Wolf ,&nbsp;Caitlin Welsh ,&nbsp;Briawna Binion ,&nbsp;Hanchu Dai ,&nbsp;Manoela Lima Oliveira ,&nbsp;Alyshia Hamm ,&nbsp;Sarah Goldberg ,&nbsp;Pius Sarfo Buobu ,&nbsp;Teresa Schering ,&nbsp;Sevasti Vergis ,&nbsp;Nicollette Kessee ,&nbsp;Sandra L Gomez ,&nbsp;Cemal Yazici ,&nbsp;Mark Maienschein-Cline ,&nbsp;Doratha A Byrd ,&nbsp;H Rex Gaskins ,&nbsp;Jason M. Ridlon ,&nbsp;Ece Mutlu ,&nbsp;Chris Greening ,&nbsp;Lisa Tussing-Humphreys","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids (BAs) is linked with cancer development. However, derivatives of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) produced via bacterial metabolism may mitigate the proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of hydrophobic BAs. The impact of diet on secondary BA derivative production has not been determined.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to study the associations between BA-modulating nutrients and the composition of secondary BAs and their derivatives.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Stool and blood were collected from 138 participants aged 45–75 y that self-identified as Black or non-Hispanic White. BAs were extracted from stool and serum and quantified using LC/ESI-MS/MS. Energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, and specific dietary nutrients were estimated from two 24-h diet recalls. The abundance of genes for microbial BA metabolism was assessed from stool metagenomes. Kendall τ correlation and regression-based modeling were performed to determine associations between BA categories, microbial genes, and select energy-adjusted dietary variables (alcohol, calcium, coffee, fiber, fat, and protein).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants had a mean age of 60 y and a mean BMI of 31 kg/m². BA derivatives were present in all participant stools, with lagodeoxycholic acid being the most abundant derivative quantified. Analysis of stool microbial metagenomes revealed the presence of genes for secondary BA derivative production in all participants. Protein is positively associated with the accumulation of secondary BAs. monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)s were negatively associated with high abundant derivatives of DCA in regression models. Total fiber and coffee intake were positively correlated with increased conversion of BAs to derivatives. Race and smoking status were significant predictors of associations between dietary variables and BA derivatives.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Protein, MUFAs, total fiber and coffee are significantly associated with concentrations of secondary BAs and their derivatives. Future work should account for social and structural influences on dietary intake and its relationship with BA-elicited cancer risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 826-838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Recent Progress in Cultured Meat: Focusing on Technology, Quality Properties, Safety, Industrialization, and Public Acceptance","authors":"Yunting Xie ,&nbsp;Linlin Cai ,&nbsp;Shijie Ding ,&nbsp;Chong Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Isaiah Henry Ibeogu ,&nbsp;Chunbao Li ,&nbsp;Guanghong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cultured meat technology represents an innovative food production approach that enables the large-scale cultivation of animal cells to obtain muscle, fat, and other tissues, which are then processed into meat products. Compared with traditional meat production methods, cell-cultured meat may significantly reduce energy consumption by 7%–45%, greenhouse gas emissions by 78%–96%, land use by 99%, and water use by 82%–96%. This technology offers several advantages, including a shorter production cycle and enhanced environmental sustainability, resource efficiency, and overall sustainability. However, numerous technical challenges remain.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The latest advancements in cultured meat research were reviewed such as the development of serum-free media, maintenance of seed cell functionality, large-scale cell culture techniques, 3-dimensional culture methods, and innovations in scaffold materials.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Recent publications on cultured meat were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>These hurdles were addressed to achieve low-cost, high-efficiency industrial production in the cultivated meat sector. Furthermore, as a supplement or substitute for traditional meat, cultured meat products must possess similar sensory characteristics and nutritional value, ensure high food safety standards, and maintain low production costs to enhance market competitiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Achieving the industrialization of cultured meat necessitates careful consideration of several additional challenges related to sensory attributes, nutritional quality, food safety, and consumer acceptance. This review systematically examines these aspects to provide a theoretical and practical foundation for the sustainable biomanufacturing of cultured meat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 745-755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating ChatGPT’s Multilingual Performance in Clinical Nutrition Advice Using Synthetic Medical Text: Insights from Central Asia","authors":"Gulnoza Adilmetova ,&nbsp;Ruslan Nassyrov ,&nbsp;Aizhan Meyerbekova ,&nbsp;Aknur Karabay ,&nbsp;Huseyin Atakan Varol ,&nbsp;Mei-Yen Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although large language models like ChatGPT-4 have demonstrated competency in English, their performance for minority groups speaking underrepresented languages, as well as their ability to adapt to specific sociocultural nuances and regional cuisines, such as those in Central Asia (for example, Kazakhstan), still requires further investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the ChatGPT-4 system in providing personalized, evidence-based nutritional recommendations in English, Kazakh, and Russian in Central Asia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was conducted from 15 May to 31 August, 2023. On the basis of 50 mock patient profiles, ChatGPT-4 generated dietary advice, and responses were evaluated for personalization, consistency, and practicality using a 5-point Likert scale. To identify significant differences between the 3 languages, the Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted. Additional pairwise comparisons for each language were carried out using the post hoc Dunn's test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ChatGPT-4 showed a moderate level of performance in each category for English and Russian languages, whereas in Kazakh language, outputs were unsuitable for evaluation. The scores for English, Russian, and Kazakh were as follows: for personalization, 3.32 ± 0.46, 3.18 ± 0.38, and 1.01 ± 0.06; for consistency, 3.48 ± 0.43, 3.38 ± 0.39, and 1.09 ± 0.18; and for practicality, 3.25 ± 0.41, 3.37 ± 0.38, and 1.07 ± 0.15, respectively. The Kruskal–Wallis test indicated statistically significant differences in ChatGPT-4's performance across the 3 languages (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.001). Subsequent post hoc analysis using Dunn’s test showed that the performance in both English and Russian was significantly different from that in Kazakh.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings show that, despite using identical prompts across 3 distinct languages, the ChatGPT-4's capability to produce sensible outputs is limited by the lack of training data in non-English languages. Thus, a customized large language model should be developed to perform better in underrepresented languages and to take into account specific local diets and practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 729-735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Circulating LncRNAs: SNHG5 and ZFAS1 as Biomarkers Reflecting Cachexia Incidence in Chronic Heart Failure Patients","authors":"Tomasz Powrózek ,&nbsp;Marcin Mazurek ,&nbsp;Agata Kot ,&nbsp;Aneta Skwarek-Dziekanowska ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Sobieszek ,&nbsp;Teresa Małecka-Massalska","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Systemic inflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of chronic heart failure (CHF) across all phenotypes. The continuous release of proinflammatory cytokines causes muscle atrophy and adipocyte breakdown, ultimately resulting in cachexia. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as potential biomarkers associated with cachexia, as they indirectly regulate muscle and fat tissue metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to identify inflammatory-related, plasma-circulating lncRNAs characteristic of cachexia in patients with CHF. The secondary objective was to assess the clinical utility of these selected lncRNAs as diagnostic and predictive markers for cachexia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Blood plasma samples were collected from 157 newly diagnosed patients with CHF (91 males and 66 females; mean age: 72 ± 13 y) for lncRNA extraction. Molecular testing, using RT² lncRNA qRT-PCR Array Human Cell Development, Differentiation, and Inflammatory Panel was performed in 2 phases: the discovery phase (screening of 148 lncRNAs in 8 patients) and validation phase (validation of the identified lncRNAs in 157 patients).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in the discovery phase. In the validation phase, 2 of these 5 lncRNAs—SNHG5 and ZFAS1—showed significant expression differences between cachectic and noncachectic patients in the entire study group (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The combined downregulation of ZFAS1 and upregulation of SNHG5 was identified as an unfavorable lncRNA signature primarily associated with poor nutritional status in females (low fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, and body mass index), abnormal laboratory results (hypoalbuminemia and high concentrations of inflammatory markers), and an increased incidence of cachexia in patients with CHF. When this lncRNA signature was combined with serum C-reactive protein and albumin concentrations, it effectively differentiated between cachectic and noncachectic patients (area under the curve = 1.0). The presence of this unfavorable signature was associated with a 9-fold increased likelihood (odds ratio = 9.2) of cachexia in the study cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The identified lncRNA signature demonstrates potential clinical value for distinguishing and predicting cachexia in patients with CHF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 817-825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mode of Action of Psyllium in Reducing Gas Production from Inulin and its Interaction with Colonic Microbiota: A 24-hour, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Healthy Human Volunteers","authors":"Alaa T Alhasani ,&nbsp;Amisha A Modasia ,&nbsp;Mohamed Anodiyil ,&nbsp;Maura Corsetti ,&nbsp;Abdulsalam I Aliyu ,&nbsp;Colin Crooks ,&nbsp;Luca Marciani ,&nbsp;Joshua Reid ,&nbsp;Gleb E Yakubov ,&nbsp;Moira Taylor ,&nbsp;Amanda Avery ,&nbsp;Hannah Harris ,&nbsp;Frederick J Warren ,&nbsp;Robin C Spiller","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recent studies show that the increase in breath hydrogen (BH₂) and symptoms after ingestion of inulin are reduced by coadministering psyllium (PI).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine if slowing delivery of inulin to the colon by administering it in divided doses would mimic the effect of PI. Primary endpoint was the BH₂ area under the curve AUC_{0–24 h}. Secondary endpoints included BH₂ AUC_{0–6 h, 6–12 h, and 12–24 h}. Exploratory endpoints included the correlation of BH₂ AUC_{0–24 h} with dietary fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) intake and in vitro fermentation results.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 17 healthy adults were randomly assigned to a single-blind, 3-arm, crossover trial. All consumed 20 g inulin (I) powder dissolved in 500 mL water and mixed with either 20 g maltodextrin (control) or 20 g PI consumed as a single dose or 20 g inulin given in divided doses (DDI), 62.5 mL every 45 min over 6 h. Twenty-four-hour BH₂, dietary FODMAP intake, stool microbiota, and gas production in vitro were measured. Responders were defined as those whose AUC_{0–24 h} BH₂ was reduced by PI, whereas nonresponders showed no reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with control, PI did not reduce mean BH₂ AUC_{0–24 h}, whereas DDI increased it, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.0002. DDI and PI both significantly reduced BH₂ AUC_{0–6 h} compared with the control, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001. However, subsequently, DDI significantly increased BH₂ from 6 to 12 h (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001) and overnight (12–24 h) (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001), whereas PI did so only overnight (<em>P =</em> 0.0002). Nonresponders showed greater release of arabinose during in vitro fermentation and higher abundance of 2 species, <em>Clostridium spp. AM22_11AC</em> and <em>Phocaeicola dorei</em>, which also correlated with BH₂ production on PI. Dietary FODMAP intake tended to correlate inversely with BH₂ AUC_{0–24 h} (r = −0.42, <em>P =</em> 0.09) and correlated with microbiome community composition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DDI, like PI, reduces early BH₂ production. PI acts by delaying transit to the colon but not reducing colonic fermentation over 24 h. Dietary FODMAP intake correlates with BH₂ response to inulin and the microbiome.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>www.clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05619341.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 839-848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}