Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Added sugar intake from infant formula and complementary foods: A longitudinal investigation and implications for infant weight gain.","authors":"Jigna M Dharod, Jeffrey D Labban, Helen Tadese, Valerie L Flax, Maureen M Black","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infant formula contains added sugar, although national recommendations state that added sugar should be avoided for infants.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Estimate average daily added sugar intake from formula and complementary foods. Examine associations between added sugar intake from formula and complementary foods and weight status among infants in low-income households.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between August 2019 and November 2021, mother-infant dyads were recruited from a pediatric clinic primarily serving Medicaid recipients, regardless of feeding type. 24-h feeding recalls were conducted at infant age 6, 9, and 12 months. For directly breast-fed infants, we used the average expected milk volume intake by age. Weight-for-age and weight-for-length z-scores were calculated from health record measurements. Descriptives, bivariate tests, and multilevel linear growth modeling were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants (n=234) were African American (39%) or Latino (38%). Infants' daily added sugar intake was on average 7 g from complementary foods and 33 g from formula, with formula being the major source at 6 and 9 months. Daily intake of calories due to added sugar was significantly higher among formula-fed infants compared to breastmilk or sugar-free formula-fed infants (p =.034). For every 10 g of added sugar from formula daily, infants' weight-for-length z-scores increased by an average of 0.060 (SE = 0.018, p = .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Formula significantly contributes to added sugar intake among infants compared to complementary foods. A significant positive association between added sugar from formula and infant weight gain suggests the need for regulations limiting added sugar in formula and including added sugar information on formula food labels.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cafeteria Diet-Induced Obesity Alters Uterine Function by Disrupting Insulin and Sex Steroid Actions in Rats.","authors":"Divya Srinivasan, Harini Raghavendhira, Mohammad Zafar Iqbal Khan, Saranya Kannan, Ravisankar Bhaskaran","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cafeteria diet (CAFD) model leads to obesity in rats, disrupting glucose metabolism, hormonal balance and ovarian function, which results in macrosomic offspring. Insulin and ovarian hormones are essential for uterine growth, but there is limited research on how CAFD-induced obesity affects uterine function by modulating hormonal levels.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assesses how CAFD-induced obesity impacts uterine function in adult female rats by analysing ovarian steroids, insulin levels, and uterine responses.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Post-weaning female Sprague-Dawley rats (22 days), were divided into a control group fed standard chow and an obese group fed energy-dense snacks (CAFD) and standard chow for 32 weeks. Body weight, food intake, energy intake, and estrous cycles were monitored during the experiment. After the experimental period, the uterine tissues were evaluated histologically, and protein expression was analysed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Serum hormone levels were assessed by ELISA, and uterine oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GSH, LPO, and vitamin C) were measured using spectrophotometric methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CAFD-fed rats exhibited increased body weight, BMI, and abdominal girth, along with hyperglycaemia, extended estrous cycles averaging 8.9 days and 40% reduction in uterine weight (p<0.05). The expression of PCNA was elevated (p<0.001), with a significant increase in uterine cell proliferation. Obese rats showed lower levels of SOD, GSH, and vitamin C, while levels of LPO and CAT were higher in uteri (p<0.05). Exposure to CAFD significantly reduced serum levels of prolactin, progesterone, and estradiol. Moreover, progesterone receptor and its target molecules (IHH, PPARγ, PRLR) were upregulated, while estrogen receptor-α (p<0.001) and its responsive molecules (VEGF, HOXA11) were downregulated (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consumption of CAFD caused obesity, leading to hyposecretion of ovarian steroids, insulin and oxidative stress in the uterus, which affected the uterine milieu by altering the expression of key molecules involved in uterine function.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone as functional biomarkers of bone mass in early childhood.","authors":"Karen M O'Callaghan, Celine Funk, Farzana Fariha, Marium H Nagaria, Alison Dasiewicz, Jennifer Harrington, Abdullah Al Mahmud, Steven A Abrams, Tahmeed Ahmed, Daniel R Moore, Daniel E Roth","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25(OH)D) at which parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration plateaus has been considered to benchmark vitamin D deficiency. However, in young children, there is limited evidence for a suppression point in the 25(OH)D-PTH relationship or its relevance to bone mass accrual.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether the threshold of 25(OH)D at PTH suppression in young children is corroborated by associations of 25(OH)D (or PTH) with bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from the BONe and mUScle health in Kids (BONUSKids) study of 4-year old children in Bangladesh, serum 25(OH)D and intact PTH (iPTH) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and a chemiluminescent immunoassay, respectively. BMC and aBMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Associations between 25(OH)D, iPTH and bone outcomes (BMC, BMC z-score, aBMD and aBMD z-score) were modelled using multivariable-adjusted linear regression and spline models. Model fit was compared using AIC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 534 participants (51% female), 28% had 25(OH)D concentrations <25nmol/L and 34% had iPTH >6.7pmol/L. Model fit of the inverse relationship between 25(OH)D and iPTH was optimised with an inflection point at 25nmol/L (<25nmol/L: -0.16pmol/L per 1nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D; 95%CI: -0.22, -0.10; P<0.001), above which the slope attenuated (≥25nmol/L: -0.02pmol/L; 95%CI: -0.04, -0.003; P=0.019). However, the positive linear associations between 25(OH)D and bone mass outcomes were monotonic (P<0.05), and iPTH was not associated with any bone outcome in adjusted models (P>0.05 for all). Associations were similar in males and females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among 4-year old children in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we did not identify a 25(OH)D threshold to define vitamin D deficiency based on its association with bone mass. However, efforts to raise 25(OH)D to ≥25nmol/L may be warranted based on the relatively strong inverse association of 25(OH)D with iPTH below this threshold.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov #NCT03537443.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Corn Flour Consumption on Human Health Across the Lifespan: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Alex E Mohr, Corrie M Whisner","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corn flour, a staple food in many regions worldwide, plays a significant role in the diet due to its versatility and broad food applications. Currently, there is no comprehensive synthesis of peer-reviewed research related to human corn flour consumption and health outcomes. This scoping review aimed to examine the current literature on the health effects of corn flour across diverse populations. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL) were systematically searched in July 2024 for articles that reported on human corn flour consumption and health outcomes. Eligible studies were written in English, peer-reviewed, and compared corn flour to a grain-based or no intervention comparator. Twenty-one studies were included, investigating a wide range of health outcomes, including metabolic markers, growth metrics in infants, and the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. Findings indicated that whole grain corn products, particularly those high in fiber-rich corn bran, were associated with favorable effects on blood lipid and glycemic profiles. Conversely, refined corn products, such as cornflakes and extruded snacks, were linked to less favorable metabolic outcomes, particularly in individuals with metabolic disorders. This review highlights the potential of corn flour to affect health depending on its processing and consumption context. While fiber-rich forms of corn flour may offer metabolic benefits, highly processed varieties may exacerbate metabolic risks. There is a clear need for more rigorous, larger-scale studies to better understand the long-term health impacts of corn flour consumption and its role in health. REGISTRY NUMBER: Open Science Framework; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9B8KR.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary amino acids and risk of stroke subtypes: Results from three large prospective cohort studies.","authors":"Tammy Y N Tong, Yanping Li, Kathryn M Rexrode, Walter C Willett, Qi Sun, JoAnn E Manson, Valter D Longo, Timothy J Key, Frank B Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Differences in dietary protein have been associated with stroke risk, with possible heterogeneity in associations by stroke type or food sources of protein.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined the associations of individual dietary amino acids, as the constituents of dietary protein, with risks of ischemic, hemorrhagic and total stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed data from 73,830 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2012), 92,333 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2013), and 43,268 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2016). Dietary intakes of 22 (20 standard and two non-standard) amino acids were assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires, administered typically every four years. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ischemic, hemorrhagic and total stroke in relation to the energy-adjusted intakes of individual amino acids.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During an average follow-up of 23.7 years, 3058 ischemic, 872 hemorrhagic and 5997 total stroke cases were documented. After correction for multiple testing, lower risks of ischemic stroke were observed with higher intakes of glutamine (HR per 1 SD higher: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98, p-value=0.004) and proline (0.94, 0.90-0.98, p-value=0.005). The associations remained directionally consistent across sensitivity analyses, but attenuated upon mutual adjustment. All other amino acids, including branched-chain amino acids, were not significantly associated with ischemic stroke. For hemorrhagic stroke, no significant associations were observed for any of the amino acids. For total stroke, inverse associations were also observed for both glutamine (0.94, 0.91-0.97, p-value<0.001) and proline (0.96, 0.93-0.99, p-value=0.004). In terms of dietary sources, glutamine was most strongly correlated with plant protein and whole grains, while proline was most strongly correlated with dairy protein and dairy products.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher intakes of glutamine and proline were associated with lower risks of ischemic and total stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics and Prebiotics: Meeting Dietary Requirements for Optimal Health and Planetary Sustainability.","authors":"Juan Chen, Yifei Yu, SiYuan Sun, Weiru Yu, Yumei Lei, Chenxu Lu, Jianan Zhai, Feirong Bai, Fazheng Ren, Ran Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics and prebiotics are valuable to enhancing human health and fostering sustainable development. This review focuses on the role of probiotics and prebiotics at all stages of life to promote nutrient absorption, boost immunity, and support healthy aging by mitigating cognitive decline and chronic disease. Health and environmental sustainability are deeply connected, making probiotics and prebiotics promising tools for promoting well-being and achieving global sustainability goals. In addition to health, probiotics and prebiotics contribute to sustainable development by optimizing agricultural by-products, reducing reliance on antibiotics in animal feed, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and supporting environmental protection. Future research should focus on personalizing treatments, improving bioavailability, and expanding applications to effectively address global health and the Sustainable Development Goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELSCA) for use in Samoa.","authors":"Veeraya K Tanawattanacharoen, Courtney C Choy, Trevor J Anesi, Amber Hromi-Fiedler, Take Naseri, Muagututia S Reupena, Rachel L Duckham, Dongqing Wang, Nicola L Hawley, Christina-Soti Ulberg","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Measuring food security accurately has implications for policies and programming designed to address both hunger and obesity risk among children.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to examine the validity of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELSCA) for use in Samoa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ELSCA was administered verbally to 454 Samoan mothers who were participants in an ongoing longitudinal cohort study (the Ola Tuputupua'e Study). Internal consistency and construct validity were examined with Rasch modeling, which generated item severity and item infit statistics. Associations between food security and several cohort characteristics including maternal education, household income, and child dietary intake were examined to determine whether common associations present in the extant literature could be replicated. Face and content validity were explored through focus group discussions with n=34 of the participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ELSCA showed strong reliability and internal consistency and, with minor exceptions, participants clearly understood the survey questions. Based on Rasch modeling, the score thresholds for food insecurity used in the original tool are appropriate for use in Samoa. Many families in Samoa experience some degree of food insecurity, primarily driven by lack of access to 'healthy' foods, although extreme food insecurity was infrequent. The managed process of food insecurity is largely consistent with that found elsewhere, though uniquely protective factors such as continued subsistence farming and community food sharing mitigate absolute lack of food for most families.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Samoan translation of the 15-question ELSCA has validity for use among non-pregnant Samoan women with children. While there are unique protective factors, food insecurity should be continuously monitored in Samoa with efforts made to provide resources to families experiencing extreme food insecurity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-nutritive sweetener consumption, metabolic risk factors, and inflammatory biomarkers among adults in the Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Sub-Study.","authors":"Allison C Sylvetsky, Ying Wang, Ananya G Reddy, Caroline Y Um, Rebecca A Hodge, Cari Lichtman, Diane Mitchell, Anuj Nanavati, Michael Pollak, Ye Wang, Alpa V Patel, Marjorie L McCullough","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are widely used to replace added sugars, yet their role in metabolic health and chronic disease prevention is debated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Examine associations between NNS consumption, metabolic risk factors, and inflammatory biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis included 624 adults in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Sub-study (DAS). Consumption of NNS including aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, and acesulfame-potassium were estimated using the mean quantities reported in six 24-hour dietary recalls over one year. Fasting insulin, C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured in fasting blood samples collected twice, six months apart. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between NNS consumption and the average levels of each metabolic or inflammatory biomarkers. Base models were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, smoking, and physical activity; full models were further adjusted for BMI, diet quality (HEI-2020), and energy intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over half (55%) of participants reported consuming NNS (mean daily NNS consumption 7, 38, and 221 mg across tertiles). NNS consumption was positively associated with leptin (p-trend = 0.0006) and CRP (p-trend = 0.02) prior to adjustment for BMI, diet quality, and energy intake. No associations between NNS consumption and insulin, C-peptide, HbA1c, adiponectin, TNF-α, or IL-10 were observed. In analyses stratified by BMI, NNS consumption was positively associated with IL-6 among participants with BMI ≥25kg/m², but not BMI <25kg/m².</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings in the full sample were predominantly null after adjustment for energy intake and BMI; but NNS consumption was positively associated with IL-6 among participants with overweight or obesity. Investigation of mechanisms through which NNS consumption may impact inflammatory pathways is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on consumption of different food groups and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.","authors":"Rivana Lambani Banjarnahor, Elaheh Javadi Arjmand, Anindita Tasnim Onni, Lise M Thomassen, Matteo Perillo, Rajiv Balakrishna, Ida Sofie Karlsen Sletten, Antonello Lorenzini, Pierluigi Plastina, Lars T Fadnes","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes is a major contributor to the burden of chronic diseases globally. Most cases of type 2 diabetes are preventable through healthy lifestyle modifications in diet and physical activity. This systematic umbrella review presents a comprehensive overview of the evidence about the associations between the risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome with thirteen food groups, including refined and whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish and fish products, eggs, dairy/milk, sugar-sweetened beverages, processed meat, unprocessed red and white meat. We present these relationships in per serving and with high versus low comparisons. After doing a systematic search in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Epistemonikos (registered in PROSPERO: CRD42024547606), we screened 5,074 references published until May 15, 2024, and included 67 articles. This included 46 meta-analyses on the risk of type 2 diabetes with half a million participants, 17 meta-analyses on the risk of metabolic syndrome, and 4 meta-analyses on the risk of diabetes-related mortality. Based on quality assessments using AMSTAR-2, 25 of the 67 studies were classified as high-quality studies, 8 as moderate, 12 as low, and 22 as critically low quality. Our results showed that a high intake of whole grains was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (meta-evidence: moderate) and metabolic syndrome (meta-evidence: low), with a similar tendency also for a high intake of fruits and vegetables (meta-evidence: moderate). In contrast, the high intakes of processed meat (meta-evidence: high), red meat (meta-evidence: moderate), and sugar-sweetened beverages (meta-evidence: moderate) were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. For the other food groups, the associations were more or less neutral and not statistically significant. The heterogeneity was high for most food groups except fruits, indicating potential differences within each of the food groups in association with type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites Predict Metabolic Health Features Across Various Dietary Patterns in Adults.","authors":"Alexis D Baldeon, Tori A Holthaus, Naiman A Khan, Hannah D Holscher","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Consuming healthful dietary patterns reduces the risk of developing metabolic diseases and nourishes the intestinal microbiota. Thus, investigating the microbial underpinnings of dietary influences on metabolic health is of clinical interest.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the unique contributions of fecal taxa and metabolites in predicting metabolic health markers in adults across various dietary patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dietary, metabolic, and fecal microbiota and metabolome data from 118 adults (25-45y) were used for these cross-sectional analyses. The Diet History Questionnaire II assessed adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean diet, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurocognitive Delay (MIND), and the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020). Metabolic features included waist circumference, blood pressure, and circulating triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and glucose concentrations. Microbiota composition was assessed via 16S amplicon sequencing and volatile fatty acid and bile acid concentrations were measured by targeted metabolomics. ANCOM-BC2 and correlation analyses were used to screen for microbiota features independently associated with dietary patterns and metabolic health markers. Then, hierarchical linear regression models were used to evaluate the unique contributions of select microbial features on metabolic markers beyond adherence to dietary patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HEI-2020 positively associated with microbiota richness (p = 0.02). Beta diversity varied across all dietary patterns (p < 0.05). DASH diet scores, [Eubacterium] xylanophilum abundance, and deoxycholic acid (DCA) concentration explained the most variance in systolic (R² = 0.32) and diastolic (R² = 0.26) blood pressure compared to other dietary patterns and microbial features. TG concentrations were best predicted by MIND diet scores, [E]. eligens abundance, and isobutyrate concentrations (R² = 0.24).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating fecal taxa and metabolites alongside dietary indices improved metabolic health marker prediction. These results point to a potential role of the intestinal microbiota in underpinning physiological responses to diet and highlight potential microbial biomarkers of metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}