Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Analytical determination of proanthocyanidin (PAC) content and its association with label-declared PAC amounts and cranberry material in dietary supplements: A multi-lab study using the 4-dimethylamino-cinnamaldehyde (DMAC) method.","authors":"Deepesh Pandey, Suma Vavilala, Pavel Gusev, Karen Andrews, Laura Oh, Josiah Ekong, Mei Chung, Xianli Wu, Johanna Dwyer, Pamela Pehrsson","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proanthocyanidins (PACs) represent the primary bioactive compounds in cranberries recognized for reducing urinary tract infection (UTI) recurrence. Accurate PAC measurement is essential for reliable labeling, evaluating therapeutic efficacy, and guiding consumer decisions. The DMAC (4-dimethylamino cinnamaldehyde) assay remains the predominant method for quantifying PACs in cranberry dietary supplements (DS). However, the influence of methodological variability in commercial laboratories remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify PAC content and evaluate label accuracy in commonly consumed U.S. cranberry DS, and to assess inter-laboratory variability using commercially implemented DMAC protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-three cranberry DS products (extracts, concentrates, or whole fruit powders) were analyzed for PACs by four independent commercial laboratories using harmonized extraction solvents and two standards (procyanidin A2 and cPAC), while allowing lab-specific DMAC workflows for soluble PAC quantification. Insoluble PACs were quantified by butanol-hydrochloric acid assay in one laboratory. Statistical analyses included pairwise comparisons, meta-analysis and heterogeneity testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 3 of 53 products contained soluble PAC levels at or above 36 mg/day, the level associated with UTI risk reduction. Notably,13 of 16 (81.3%) extract-based products provided PAC concentrations well below this level despite having higher average soluble PAC content than concentrate-based DS, and higher, although not statistically significantly than whole-fruit powder-based products. Products declaring PAC content contained significantly less than stated. Inter-laboratory variability (%relative standard deviation) for in-house controls and products with >3.3 mg/day PAC ranged from 22.1 to 31.6%. Concentrate and fruit powder-based products contained more insoluble PAC than the extract-based products.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Soluble PAC amounts in most commercial cranberry DS differ substantially from label claims. While inter-laboratory variability was high for low-PAC products, variability was acceptable for products containing ≥3.3 mg/day soluble PAC. Current industry DMAC practices can distinguish clinically relevant PAC potencies. Findings highlight the need for more stable formulations and greater transparency in PAC labeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an integrated agricultural, nutrition, and WASH intervention during the first 1000 days on child growth and micronutrient status in Western Kenya: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Rita Wegmüller, Kelvin Musau, Sonia Lewycka, Lucie Vergari, Emily Custer, Hellen Anyango, William E S Donkor, Marion Kiprotich, Kim Siegal, Nicolai Petry, James P Wirth, Bradley A Woodruff, Fabian Rohner","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Agricultural programs alone have shown limited impact on nutritional status.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We hypothesized that linear growth would improve by adding nutrition and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) components to an existing agriculture program, targeting pregnant women and their offspring over the 1000-day window.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Kenya. Women <20 weeks pregnant were randomized to an existing agricultural intervention without (control) or with additional interventions (intervention), provided from enrolment until their child reached 24 months. Additional interventions included daily small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) to women during pregnancy until 6 months post-partum; micronutrient powders (MNP) and eggs to children; and soap, chlorine solution, and monthly behavior change trainings. The main outcome was length-for-age z-score (LAZ) at 24 months. Safety was assessed through active morbidity and passive adverse event monitoring. We used mixed-effects generalized linear models for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between June and December 2018, 1199 pregnant women from 164 clusters were enrolled (628 intervention, 571 control). Data on LAZ were available for 976 (81.4%) children at 24 months. Adherence was >75% for SQ-LNS, MNP, eggs, and chlorine, and ∼50% for soap. At 24 months, mean LAZ (95% CI) was higher in the intervention group (-0.91(-1.00,-0.82)) than in the control group (-1.15(-1.25,-1.06)), with an adjusted effect size (95% CI) of 0.24 (0.11,0.37), and stunting prevalence was lower (12% vs. 19%, adjusted relative risk: 0.69(0.50,0.96)). LAZ declined less from birth to 24 months in the intervention group (effect: 0.18(0.06,0.31). Intervention children showed better iron and vitamin A status at 6 and 24 months and a lower prevalence of diarrhea at 6 months; stunting at 6 months and diarrhea at 24 months did not differ between groups CONCLUSIONS: An integrated intervention during pregnancy and early childhood improved linear growth and micronutrient status and reduced diarrheal disease.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03558464); https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03558464?locStr=Kenya&country=KE&cond=NCT03558464&aggFilters=status:com&rank=1.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Supplementation with Baru Almond and Oil (Dipteryx alata Vog.) Improves Hepatic and Cardiometabolic Health in Adult Offspring Rats: Role of Phenolics and Unsaturated Fatty Acids.","authors":"Rita de Cássia de Araújo Bidô, Diego Elias Pereira, Maciel da Costa Alves, Renally de Lima Moura, Elisiane Beatriz da Silva, Larissa Maria Gomes Dutra, Sócrates Golzio Dos Santos, Daline Fernandes de Souza Araújo, Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra, Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal nutrition during critical periods influences long-term metabolic and cardiovascular health in offspring, with bioactive compounds like unsaturated fatty acids and phenolics promoting beneficial early-life metabolic adaptations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of maternal supplementation with baru almond and baru almond oil during gestation and lactation on metabolic, hepatic, and cardiovascular outcomes in adult rat offspring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control (CG), Almond (AG), and Oil (OG), with the experimental groups receiving 2,000 mg/kg/day of baru almond/oil by gavage. Gavage was administered daily from the first day of pregnancy until the 21st day of lactation. In the post-lactation period, the puppies received standard feed (Nuvilab®, Curitiba, PR, Brazil) and water ad libitum. Offspring were monitored for food intake, weight gain, and body measurements. At adulthood (70 days of life), murinometric indices were assessed, plasma biochemical markers were analyzed, and hepatic tissue was used to evaluate fat content, fatty acid profiles, and oxidative stress parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AG group showed higher food intake at specific time points, greater body length, lower BMI, and increased thoracic circumference and adiposity index, along with higher fat deposition. Both AG and OG groups exhibited reduced cardiovascular risk indices, more pronounced in AG. Plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, AST, ALT, creatinine, urea, and albumin were significantly lower in experimental groups. Total cholesterol and HDL-c were higher in AG, while hepatic fat was reduced in OG. Both treatments improved hepatic antioxidant status, decreasing malondialdehyde and increasing glutathione levels. Fatty acid analysis of the liver showed increased monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, reduced saturated fatty acids, and a more favorable lipid profile, with decreased ω6 fatty acids, increased DHA, and a lower ω6/ω3 ratio in the experimental groups compared to the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, maternal supplementation promoted beneficial metabolic and hepatic adaptations in offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon isotope ratios as biomarkers for added sugar intake: fundamental limitations that constrain valid application.","authors":"Jimmy Chun Yu Louie","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon isotope ratio (CIR; δ¹³C) analysis has been proposed as a biomarker for added sugar intake from C4 sources, but its specificity is limited. CIR biomarkers measure total C4 dietary carbon, conflating added sugars with other C4 foods like corn-fed meats and whole corn products. This lack of specificity varies across populations and food systems. Moreover, metabolic redistribution of dietary carbon means that δ¹³C signals in tissues reflect complex mixtures of sources and processes, not sugar intake alone. Attempts to adjust for confounders rely on self-reported dietary data, undermining the objectivity CIR biomarkers aim to provide. Even under ideal conditions, CIR validity is insufficient for most nutritional research, especially when assessing causal relationships or meaningful effects. The shift in public health focus from 'added sugars' to 'free sugars', including C3-derived sources like fruit juice and honey, further limits CIR utility. While CIR has proven useful for distinguishing dietary protein sources (e.g., marine vs. terrestrial), its application to added sugars faces persistent challenges. Resources may be better directed toward improving dietary assessment tools or developing more specific metabolomic markers, acknowledging that all current methods have limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of quintuply-fortified salt on the micronutrient status of children 12-59 months of age in Punjab, India: results from a randomized, community-based, household trial.","authors":"Julie M Long, Yvonne E Goh, Mona Duggal, Reena Das, Mari S Manger, Manu Jamwal, Bidhi L Singh, Gurjinder Kaur Brar, Jamie Westcott, Lauren Thompson, Charles D Arnold, Nancy F Krebs, Kenneth H Brown, Christine M McDonald","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Micronutrient deficiencies remain prevalent among preschool-aged children (PSC) in India. Quintuply-fortified salt (QFS) is one of many potential interventions to improve micronutrient intake and status at the population level.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effect of QFS vs. iodized salt (IS) for 12 months on the micronutrient status of PSC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a sub-study of a double-blinded, household-randomized, controlled, community-based trial involving non-pregnant women of reproductive age whose households were randomly assigned to receive: 1) QFS with zinc, vitamin B12, folic acid, iodine, and iron as encapsulated ferrous fumarate (eFF-QFS); 2) QFS with the same micronutrients, but iron as encapsulated ferric pyrophosphate plus ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (eFePP-QFS); or 3) IS. The micronutrient status of 470 PSC (12-59 months of age) residing in these households was assessed at enrollment, 6 mo and 12 mo. Continuous outcomes were analyzed with linear regression and reported as means or geometric mean ratios, and binary outcomes were analyzed with logistic regression and reported as odds ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency anemia, hypozincemia, vitamin B12 insufficiency, and folate deficiency was 35%, 30%, 14%, 17.0, and 5.5%, respectively. Effects of QFS at 6 and 12 months were greatest for vitamin B12 and folate. At 12 months, the eFePP-QFS group had higher serum B12 (GMR=1.16, 95% CI=1.03,1.30), serum folate (GMR=1.29, 95% CI=1.09,1.53), and RBC folate (GMR=1.21, 95% CI=1.05,1.39) concentrations compared to the IS group. Effects were similar among the two QFS groups. There were no significant differences in serum zinc, ferritin, or urinary iodine between groups at 6 and 12 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preschool children consuming QFS for 12 months demonstrated greater improvements in vitamin B12 and folate status compared to children consuming IS. QFS may be a useful vehicle to address micronutrient deficiencies, especially vitamin B12 and folate, in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to social and behavior change interventions directly and indirectly improved health and nutrition-related awareness, knowledge, and practices among male household heads and grandmothers in Nepal.","authors":"Evaniya Shakya, Kenda Cunningham, Aman S Gupta, Ramesh P Adhikari, Benjamin Kelcey, Pooja Pandey Rana, Bhim Pun, Edward A Frongillo","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adult family members often share household tasks and decision-making, including those related to health and nutrition. Beyond the important role of mothers, grandparents and fathers are instrumental in achieving good maternal and child nutrition and health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether exposure of male household heads (HHs) and grandmothers to social behavior change communication (SBCC) platforms was associated with ideal nutrition and health practices in their households and the mediating role of awareness and knowledge for this linkage. We also aimed to investigate whether key sociodemographic factors moderated these mediated paths.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the endline survey (2022) of Suaahara's quasi-experimental impact evaluation. Our samples were limited to households with a child under 2 that included male HHs (n = 982) and grandmothers (n = 817). Structural equation models, accounting for community-level clustering, were used to examine the mediation paths for male HHs and grandmothers separately. All models were adjusted for household wealth and caste/ethnicity, child age, and respondent (male HHs or grandmothers) age and education. Stratified models examined potential moderating factors: wealth (relatively poorer 40% vs wealthier 60%), caste (upper vs lower), and household structure (nuclear vs joint).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater exposure to SBCC was associated with greater awareness and in turn, knowledge, and ultimately, maternal and child health and nutrition practices. About 30% and 40% of the total association was mediated through this indirect path among male HHs and grandmothers, respectively. The indirect path through greater awareness and knowledge was stronger among male HHs from lower (versus upper) caste groups and nuclear (versus joint) households, as well as wealthier (versus poorer) grandmothers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Family member engagement in SBCC interventions is an important mechanism for improving health and nutrition practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a mixed herbal and fruit dietary supplement shot on antioxidant status, oxidative stress parameters, skin parameters, and safety profiles in middle-aged women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Kornvipa Settakorn, Pannita Anek, Mingkwan Na Takuathung, Pattarachon Apisitwittaya, Jakkrit Aisara, Kantirat Yaja, Jeeraporn Chitphan, Ratchanon Inpan, Preeyaporn Klinjan, Tattiya Kantasa, Nahathai Dukaew, Kankanit Yeerong, Wichaya Karat, Nut Koonrungsesomboon","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Middle-aged women experience hormonal fluctuations and reproductive transitions that accelerate menopausal symptoms, tissue degeneration, and skin aging due to an imbalance between antioxidant defenses and reactive oxygen species. Enhancing antioxidant defenses may mitigate oxidative stress and maintain skin health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the effects of a mixed herbal and fruit dietary supplement shot (HERB) on antioxidant status, oxidative stress, skin assessments, and safety profiles in middle-aged women over 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 30 participants received either HERB or placebo (PLA). Primary outcomes were antioxidant status and oxidative stress parameters. Skin parameters and safety profiles were also assessed. Data were analyzed using intention-to-treat and per-protocol approaches. Between-group comparisons were conducted using ANCOVA adjusted for baseline or Student's t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At Week 12, the HERB intervention significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (mean difference = 7.99 U/L; 95% CI: 1.29 to 14.70; p-value = 0.0212) and reduced porphyrin intensity (mean difference = -44.56; 95% CI: -76.06 to -13.60; p-value = 0.0073) compared to PLA. Other antioxidant, oxidative stress, and skin parameters showed no significant changes. Safety profiles remained within reference ranges. Gastrointestinal disturbance occurred more frequently in the PLA group (8 participants in the PLA group vs. 1 participant in the HERB group, p-value = 0.0142). Menstrual disturbances occurred equally (3 participants per group). All adverse events were mild and self-resolved without any medical treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intervention with HERB for 12 weeks resulted in higher SOD activity and lower facial porphyrin intensity when compared to PLA, while the other measured antioxidant and skin parameters did not differ between groups. The intervention was well tolerated. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size and the limited extent of observed effects. Larger and longer trials are required to confirm these results. This clinical trial was registered with the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20241103003).</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between a periconception healthy plant-based diet and adverse pregnancy outcomes.","authors":"McKenzie K Jancsura, William A Grobman, Jiqiang Wu, Hanna M Griffis, Michael D Wirth, David M Haas, Robert M Silver, Maisa N Feghali, Uma M Reddy, Lisa Levine, George Saade, Lynn M Yee, Karen L Lindsay, Kartik K Venkatesh","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plant-based diets are increasingly popular and may improve cardiometabolic health, but their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) is unclear; and dietary patterns are influenced by food access.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated whether adherence to plant-based dietary patterns were associated with APOs and whether the association varied by neighborhood food access.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a secondary analysis using data from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study-Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b) cohort. Diet scores for the newer Healthy Plant-Based Diet Index (hPDI) and more established Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) were derived from first-trimester Block Food Frequency Questionnaires and assessed in tertiles (T1= \"low\", T3= \"high\"). APOs included hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm birth (PTB), small-for-gestational-age (SGA), large-for-gestational-age (LGA), and stillbirth. Modified Poisson regression models were used, adjusting for age, income, education, and health insurance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 7,981 nulliparous individuals, higher hPDI scores were associated with lower risk of HDP (T3 vs. T1: aRR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.92; T2 vs. T1 aRR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70 to 0.97) and GDM (T3 vs. T1: aRR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.76; T2 vs. T1: aRR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.95). Higher DASH scores were associated with lower risk of HDP (T3 vs. T1: aRR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70 to 0.98); and GDM, albeit for the second tertile only (T2 vs. T1: aRR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.90). Neither diet was associated with PTB, SGA, or LGA. The frequency of low food access decreased across tertiles for both the hPDI and DASH (p<0.05), but the associations between diet and APOs did not vary by food access (p>.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A healthy plant-based diet in early pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of developing HDP and GDM in nulliparous individuals, which was similar with a DASH diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to JK DiStefano and GS Gerhard.","authors":"Ronja H Saarinen, Heli Ek Virtanen, Sari Hantunen, Jukka T Salonen, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jyrki K Virtanen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101439","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to Editor: the Underrecognized Barrier of Enrollment in Nutrition Programs.","authors":"Madeline P Maier, Matthew C Guido, Alister F Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101503","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101503"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147530253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}