Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Protein-Based Strategies and Mediterranean-Style Diets Show the Most Consistent Benefits for Sarcopenia in Older Adults.","authors":"Dhika Dharmansyah, Tirta Adikusuma Suparto, Sehabudin Salasa, Rohman Hikmat, Aditya Pratama","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia - age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and physical performance - affects 6-22% of adults aged ≥65 years and is a leading driver of disability and mortality. Evidence on nutritional strategies is fragmented across single nutrients, whole dietary patterns and the emerging gut-muscle axis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To synthesize evidence on dietary strategies for sarcopenia prevention and management in adults aged ≥60 years, spanning single nutrients, oral nutritional supplements (ONS), whole dietary patterns and gut microbiota-targeted interventions, using a unified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 and Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The protocol was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF; DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/WRNZH). PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from January 2010 to April 2026. Two reviewers independently screened records in Rayyan, extracted data and appraised risk of bias using Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2), Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2. Findings were synthesized using Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) and graded with a Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)-style framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2,543 identified records, 248 studies were included (236 primary studies; 12 systematic reviews/meta-analyses): 100 RCTs, 62 cohorts, 68 cross-sectional, 3 case-control and 3 quasi-experimental studies. Among RCTs, a beneficial direction of effect was reported in 84% of single-nutrient trials (particularly protein/leucine and vitamin D ≥800 IU/day), 75% of whole-diet trials and 78% of gut-targeted trials; across all study designs combined the corresponding direction-of-effect proportions were 70%, 65% and 62%. These proportions describe the direction of effect only and should not be interpreted as intervention success rates. In observational studies, Mediterranean and MIND-style dietary patterns, higher protein quality and dietary fibre were inversely associated with sarcopenia incidence. Gut-muscle axis interventions showed a favourable but heterogeneous direction of effect, with low-to-very-low-certainty evidence, via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and enrichment of Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence supports a hierarchical but certainty-graded model. Protein-anchored strategies (≥1.0-1.2 g/kg/day, leucine-enriched, paired with resistance training) and vitamin D repletion in deficient older adults are the most robustly supported (moderate-to-high certainty) and align with existing guideline thresholds. Mediterranean-style diets provide population-level protection (moderate certainty, largely observational). The gut-muscle axis is an emerging ","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult-Onset Vitamin-A Deficiency Reshapes the Gut Microbiome and is associated with Sex-Specific and shared Systemic Effects in Adult Wistar Rats.","authors":"Karanjit Tripura, Iwin Joseph, Arka Bhattacharya, Dhirendra Pratap Singh, Nimaichand Salam, Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi, Siddharth Tiwari, Mahendra Bishnoi","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains a major global health concern. Vitamin A promotes immunity, neurogenesis, energy balance, and gut integrity. However, most studies have focused on early developmental stages and adult-onset VAD remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether physiological, behavioural, and gut microbial responses to adult-onset VAD differ between male and female rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult male and female Wistar rats (9-10 weeks) were fed a vitamin A-sufficient (VAS, n = 6) or VAD (n = 6) diet for 20 weeks. Vitamin A levels were monitored every 4 weeks. Behavioural function was assessed at 12th and 18th weeks. After 20 weeks, rats were euthanised, and serum, cecal contents, liver, duodenum, hippocampus, and visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) were collected for assessment of vitamin A metabolites, physiological and morphological changes, gut microbiome, and serum metabolome. Data were analysed using Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate, with Benjamini-Hochberg correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females and males reach the deficiency threshold (<0.7 μmol/L) at 12 and 16 weeks, respectively. At week 12, females showed a 2-fold reduction in serum vitamin A levels (VAS, 1.1 vs VAD, 0.5 μmol/L;p = 0.012), despite unchanged body weight and feed intake. Microbial responses were sex-divergent; the Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio increased only in females (4.18 in VAS vs 7.0 in VAD; p = 0.008). The virome shifted in both sexes, with distinct signatures. Anxiety-like behaviour appears by 12 weeks in females but not in males. Systemic responses (reduced gut barrier, increased immune gene expression, and adipocyte hypertrophy) were largely shared.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides evidence that adult-onset VAD in rats may be associated with sex-specific alterations in the microbiome, but with more generalised systemic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Components as Promising Candidates for Mitigating Micro- and Nanoplastic-Associated Metabolic Dysfunctions.","authors":"Yujiao Zu, Muyiwa Emmanuel Fatola, Ashti Morovati, Tatum Walker, Neha Vivek, Jaclyn E Cañas-Carrell, Deborah J Clegg, Naima Moustaid-Moussa","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global plastic production has potentially led to pervasive micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) exposure across environmental, agricultural, and biological systems, now detected in every human tissue examined, from blood and placenta to brain and cardiovascular plaque, raising potential public health concerns. Given their small size and physicochemical properties, MNPs can infiltrate soil and water, enter plants and animals, and transfer along food and water systems, potentially reaching human tissues. In preclinical models, ingested MNPs appear to persist in the gastrointestinal tract and alter microbiota homeostasis and epithelial barrier integrity. Upon entering circulation, MNPs appear to acquire protein coronas, which may impact how they are distributed in organs and potentially impact cellular function. In cell culture and in animal studies, MNPs have been associated with insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, cardiovascular injury, reproductive dysfunction, and neurological damage. In human studies, MNPs detected in carotid plaque have been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events, although direct causal data are absent, and associative data are limited by differences in detection approaches, size limits, reporting units, and other analytic factors. This review summarizes current evidence on the health effects of MNP exposure and identifies key gaps in the literature. Because MNPs move continuously across environmental, agricultural, and human systems, these gaps are best addressed through a One Health framework that integrates evidence from cell, animal, and human studies along this shared exposure pathway. Within this framework, we evaluate dietary and nutritional strategies that may counteract MNP-associated injury by strengthening gut barrier integrity, restoring redox balance, modulating inflammatory signaling, and promoting MNP excretion. Although dietary strategies remain hypothetical and clinical evidence is limited, we propose that such strategies are promising and worth pursuing in future translational and clinical investigations to determine their potential use as complementary approaches alongside efforts to mitigate MNP exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101888"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell insights into obesity: cellular mechanisms across metabolic organs.","authors":"Yashu Tang, Dingbo Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a serious public health concern worldwide that can lead to a series of metabolic complications and greatly impair life quality. During obesity, excessive lipid deposition introduces significant stress into the cellular microenvironment, resulting in widespread low-grade inflammation throughout the body, which eventually causes functional defects in various tissues/organs. Developing effective treatment approaches to obesity and its complications requires an in-depth understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying the maladaptation across distinct organs. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized our knowledge of cell heterogeneity and greatly advanced the studies focusing on etiology and progression of various tissue dysfunctions in diet-induced obesity at single-cell level. In this review, we summarize recent scRNA-seq studies investigating the effects of diet-induced obesity on distinct cell populations across diverse metabolic organs, including the intestine, liver, adipose tissue, pancreatic islets, and aorta, which provide detailed information on cellular identity reprogramming, metabolic function alterations, and intercellular communications. These single-cell insights highlight the initial adaptation to ultimately dysfunctional process of diverse cell populations in those organs to the lipid-overloading environment, thereby offering valuable targets for future therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149193937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary heme iron intake and common hemochromatosis HFE polymorphisms have similar associations with brain MRI phenotypes: a UK Biobank cohort study.","authors":"Cameron J Cardona, Riju Sigdel, Parker R Johnson, Yoo Kim, McKale R Montgomery, Sam R Emerson, Winyoo Chowanadisai","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brain iron accumulation is associated with aging and neurodegeneration, but how individual genetics and dietary iron intake affect brain iron is not well understood. Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder arising from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HFE gene, causing iron overload and brain iron accumulation, and is associated with accelerated brain aging.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This cross-sectional study examined how dietary iron intake and hemochromatosis-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with brain MRI phenotypes sensitive to iron.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a subset of the UK Biobank (N=24,223 participants) to investigate associations between dietary heme and non-heme iron intake (dietary predictors), HFE SNPs rs1799945 and rs1800562 (genetic predictors), brain quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and T2* MRI phenotypes (primary outcomes) using multiple regression. We also investigated associations of HFE SNPs and dietary intake with hemoglobin, anemia risk, and MRI-derived liver iron levels as markers of systemic iron status. We compared brain QSM for rs1799945 and rs1800562 homozygotes and rs1799945/rs1800562 compound heterozygotes relative to control genotype subjects without either HFE SNP using ANCOVA and Tukey-Kramer post-hoc testing. Significance was set at false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intake of dietary heme iron and both HFE SNPs were associated with increased QSM and decreased T2* MRI intensities (FDR<0.05), a pattern associated with increased brain iron levels. Non-heme iron intake was associated with a slight, but statistically significant, decrease in QSM and increase in T2* intensity, which is consistent with less brain iron. Both SNPs and heme iron intake were associated with higher hemoglobin and MRI-derived liver iron levels. Adjusted mean QSM intensity was generally highest for rs1800562 homozygotes and mostly higher in rs1799945 homozygotes and rs1799945/rs1800562 compound heterozygotes compared to control genotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary heme iron intake and SNPs linked to hemochromatosis are associated with altered brain MRI intensities consistent with elevated brain iron.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101890"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal Metabolomics-Based Dietary Profiling Reveals Food Markers of HIV Brain Health Disorders.","authors":"Crystal X Wang, Harsha Gouda, Toon A W Scheurink, Jasmine Zemlin, Christine E Spaven, Helena Mannochio-Russo, Jennifer E Iudicello, Robert K Heaton, David J Moore, Scott L Letendre, Mariana Cherner, Donald R Franklin, Monica Guma, Andrew H Miller, Rob Knight, Pieter C Dorrestein, Ronald J Ellis","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite widespread viral suppression, nearly half of people with HIV (PWH) experience brain health disorders, such as neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and depression. Dietary interventions can improve neuropsychiatric outcomes in other populations, but there is limited research in PWH.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recent advances allow the detection of food molecules from fecal samples to provide semi-quantitative, high-resolution measures of dietary exposure. We applied a metabolomics-based method to identify food items associated with brain health outcomes in PWH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 170 PWH (mean age=56; 84% male; 97% virally suppressed) enrolled in UC San Diego cohort studies (2019-2022). Fecal samples were analyzed using liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. A food readout tool mapped fecal metabolomics features to ∼6,000 dietary molecular ions, predicting exposure with \"food scores\" scaled from 1 (lowest) to 4 (highest). Neurocognition was assessed with demographically adjusted T-scores across 7 ability domains. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II and its subscales (i.e., affective, apathy, cognitive, somatic). Correlation analysis was followed by multivariate analysis adjusting for relevant covariates. Exploratory analysis in a subgroup of 37 participants with repeated neurocognitive measures examined longitudinal diet-neurocognition relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-six unique food items were detected based on fecal metabolomics profiles. Higher abundance of certain vegetables/herbs, fruits, eggs, and grains was associated with better neurocognitive outcomes, with longitudinal patterns consistent with possible diet-neurocognition relationships. As for depression, higher abundance of eggs, shrimp, and certain vegetables/fruits was associated with lower depression, particularly affective, apathy, and somatic symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Metabolomics-based dietary profiling revealed differential food-brain health associations in PWH that align with prior self-report studies. This approach provides semi-quantitative estimates, suggesting that even modest differences in food exposure may meaningfully relate to brain health outcomes. These results provide preliminary evidence towards potential dietary targets for future interventions aimed at improving the brain health of at-risk PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grass-Fed and Grain-Fed Beef Fats Similarly Improve Metabolic Outcomes Compared with Pork Fat in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.","authors":"Abigail M Tolentino, Yanqing Xu, Ming-Fo Hsu, Fawaz G Haj, Payam Vahmani","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although grass-fed and grain-fed production systems significantly affect the fatty acid composition of beef, evidence for distinct health outcomes remains limited despite widespread perceptions that grass-fed beef has health benefits.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated whether chronic consumption of grass-fed versus grain-fed beef fat differentially affects metabolic outcomes compared with pork fat in a diet-induced obese mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% kcal fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% kcal fat) containing rendered pork fat (HFD-P), grain-fed beef fat (HFD-GN), or grass-fed beef fat (HFD-GS) for 16 weeks. Metabolic assessments included glucose and insulin tolerance tests, circulating biochemical and inflammatory markers, tissue fatty acid composition, and insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism, with significance set at P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both beef fat groups similarly (P > 0.05) affected body weight, adiposity, glucose homeostasis, and insulin tolerance. Compared with HFD-P, both HFD-GS and HFD-GN reduced inguinal adiposity by ∼30% (P < 0.01) and improved glucose tolerance GTT AUC by ∼17% (P < 0.05), without differences in systemic insulin sensitivity as assessed by ITT, HOMA-IR, and insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in adipose tissue (P > 0.05). Circulating inflammatory markers were lower with HFD-GS, with resistin concentrations ∼30% lower than HFD-GN and HFD-P and IL-6 concentrations ∼70% lower than HFD-P (P < 0.01). These responses coincided with distinct tissue fatty acid remodeling in HFD-GS mice, characterized by higher omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, trans vaccenic acid, and rumenic acid, and a lower omega-6/omega-3 ratio in blood and adipose compared with HFD-GN and HFD-P.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both beef fat sources similarly improved glucose tolerance and reduced adiposity compared with pork fat in HFD fed C57BL/6J mice. However, grass-fed beef fat may confer additional anti-inflammatory benefits associated with its distinct fatty acid composition.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry number and website where it was obtained: </strong>N/A REGISTRY AND REGISTRY NUMBER FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS OR META-ANALYSES: N/A.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101889"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provision of Lauric Acid Results in Endogenous Production of the Liver Receptor Homolog-1 Ligand, Dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, and Evidence of LRH-1 Transactivation.","authors":"Kevin C Klatt, Lindsey Fontenot, Bingning Dong, Pooja Patel, Olga V Malysheva, J Thomas Brenna, Mark S Roberson, Sean M Hartig, Marie A Caudill, David D Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The unusual phosphatidylcholine species dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) has been reported to bind and activate the orphan nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1). To date, DLPC has not been reported endogenously.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Herein, we test the hypothesis that the provision of the acyl constituent of DLPC, lauric acid (C12:0), a saturated fatty acid rich in coconut oil, will 1) result in endogenous DLPC production and 2) enhance LRH-1 transcriptional activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured DLPC following provision of C12:0 to HepG2 cells, C57/BL6J mice, and to healthy human participants in an acute, randomized, controlled crossover trial. LRH-1^fl/fl and LRH-1^fl/fl Albumin-Cre mice were used in ex vivo and in vivo approaches to assess the impact of C12:0 on LRH-1 target gene expression. Methyl-d9-choline was used to assess DLPC production dynamics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DLPC was not observed in any C12:0-free system. Provision of C12:0 in the culture media or to C57/BL6J mice resulted in the rapid accumulation of DLPC, including DLPC's presence in multiple LRH-1 expressing tissues. Coconut oil-fed human participants exhibited DLPC in postprandial serum samples. Ex vivo and in vivo C12:0 provision resulted in increased mRNA expression of LRH-1 target gene(s), an effect that was not observed in hepatic knockout mice. Methyl-d9-choline administration revealed a complex reliance on CDP-choline-derived DLPC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>C12:0 provision results in endogenous production of the LRH-1 ligand DLPC and LRH-1 transcriptional activation phenotypes. Our findings highlight potential pleiotropic effects of lauric acid, a common hypercholesterolemic dietary saturated fatty acid, secondary to LRH-1 agonism.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT03481608.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101880"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology-Enabled Delivery of trans-Resveratrol, Quercetin, and Curcumin for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Fang Zhou, Aysegul Kartal Acet, Merina Dahal, Zeynep Goktas, Min-Hyun Kim, Joseph Roberts, Ling Zhao, Yujiao Zu, Shufang Nie, Jia Zhang, Shu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as chronic metabolic diseases, contribute to increased global morbidity and mortality. The long-term effectiveness of current approaches, such as lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery, is often limited by poor adherence, side effects, cost, etc. Dietary polyphenols, including trans-resveratrol, quercetin, and curcumin, have shown potential because of their health benefits. However, their clinical use is restricted by low solubility, poor stability, low bioavailability, and limited target specificity. Biocompatible and biodegradable delivery systems, such as liposomes, emulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles, have emerged as useful tools to overcome these limitations. This review summarizes advances over the past decade in the use of polyphenol-loaded nanoparticles for the treatment of obesity and experimental diabetes, and discusses their potential relevance to type 2 diabetes. It also reviews the reported metabolic outcomes and underlying mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress, adipose tissue remodeling, glucose homeostasis, etc. Finally, this review discusses current challenges and future directions for translating these nanotechnologies from research to practical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mobile health intervention shows no significant short-term effects on diet, growth, or lipid profiles in Amazonian schoolchildren: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Ana Carolina de A Hovadick, Caroline Z Rodrigues, Isabel Giacomini, Lucas D Faggiani, Vanizia B S Maciel, Ana Alice de A Damasceno, Bárbara H Lourenço, Marly A Cardoso","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet quality among Amazonian children has declined, driven by erosion of traditional food cultures and limited access to nutrition education in remote regions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention in improving dietary patterns, growth, and lipid profiles among school-aged children in the Brazilian Amazon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized controlled trial, 266 caregivers were assigned to receive 19 weeks of standardized multimedia messages (intervention group, IG) or usual care (control group, CG). The primary outcome was change in BMI-for-age z scores. Secondary outcomes were dietary intake and serum lipid concentrations. Analyses followed intention-to-treat and per-protocol principles using paired and unpaired t tests, chi-square tests, and group-by-time interaction analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the intention-to-treat analysis, BMI-for-age decreased significantly within the CG (mean change: -0.10; 95% CI: -0.17, -0.03), particularly among boys (mean change: -0.17; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.05), but between-group differences were not significant. In the per-protocol analysis, boys in the CG had lower BMI-for-age than those in the IG (difference: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.50). Both groups exhibited within-group reductions in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption (IG median change: -1.31; 95% CI: -1.90, -0.76; CG: -1.19; 95% CI: -1.80, -0.60) and improvements in total and LDL cholesterol. Group-by-time interaction analysis showed no significant intervention effects beyond time-related changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mHealth intervention yielded no significant effects beyond usual care. Nonetheless, reductions in UPF intake observed in both groups highlight the potential of mobile messaging as a complementary approach to promote healthy eating in remote Amazonian populations.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry number and source website: </strong>Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-5zdnw6t) STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides fresh evidence on the feasibility and potential impact of a low-cost mobile health (mHealth) intervention to promote healthier dietary behaviors, support adequate growth, and improve lipid profiles among school-aged children in a remote Amazonian setting. In the context of rising ultra-processed food consumption and limited access to nutrition services, delivering culturally tailored multimedia messages to caregivers represents a scalable and context-appropriate approach to mitigate diet-related health risks in vulnerable populations. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting digital nutrition interventions in resource-limited and geographically isolated regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101887"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}