Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Pinto bean supplementation modulates gut microbiota and improves markers of gut integrity in a mouse model of estrogen deficiency.","authors":"Femi Olawale, Sanmi E Alake, Ranjitha Chandrashekar, Proapa Islam, Brooke Sutton, Nathan Chaffin, Chinemerem H Ugo, Jong Beom Jin, Stanley Lightfoot, Jean Debédat, Anthony Schilmiller, Winyoo Chowanadisai, Trina A Knotts, Brenda J Smith, Edralin A Lucas","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emerging research suggests that changes in gut microbiota play a key role in menopause-related diseases by modulating gut health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the effects of pinto bean (PB) supplementation on gut integrity in an estrogen-deficient mouse model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty 3-m-old female C57BL/6J mice were injected with either sesame oil (vehicle) or vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD, 160 mg/kg) for 30 d to induce estrogen deficiency. Mice were then randomly assigned to two dietary groups (n=15/group): control (AIN-93M) or AIN-93M + 10% (wt/wt) PB for 16 wks. Ovarian failure was confirmed by uterine weight and serum FSH. Gut health was assessed by measuring tight junction proteins, β-glucuronidase activity, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and 16S microbiota composition. PB was evaluated for its estrogenic effects by molecular docking analysis of the identified polyphenols against ER-α and ER-β. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA, with estrogen status (VCD) and diet as factors followed by post hoc tests when significant (P<0.05) interaction effect was observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VCD significantly (P_VCD< 0.05) reduced relative uterine weight (∼35%) and increased serum FSH (∼60%), confirming estrogen reduction. PB restored jejunal Cldn1 (P_{diet x VCD}<0.05) in VCD-treated mice and significantly increased (P_diet=0.010) β-glucuronidase activity (∼25%). PB enriched some beneficial bacteria genera (i.e., Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Dubosiella and Lactobacillus) and increased fecal acetic, propionic, n-butyric and total SCFAs by 2-fold compared to those on the control diet. Molecular docking analysis identified sinapic and ferulic acid as phytoestrogens in PB with high binding affinity for estrogen receptors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PB supplementation improves gut microbial diversity and integrity in estrogen deficiency, offering potential benefits for menopause-related gut health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Dietary Carbohydrate Intakes, Fatty Acid Oxidation Rates, and Sites of Ectopic Fat Deposition Over Two Years in Persons with Treated HIV.","authors":"John R Koethe, Annaliese Widmer, Michelle E Robles, Kate Lillegard, Jake Weeks, Helia Esfandiari, Run Fan, Fei Ye, Marques Bradshaw, Claude B Sirlin, Heidi J Silver","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persons with HIV (PWH) on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) have exaggerated accumulation of ectopic fat and cardiometabolic disease risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize longitudinal changes in habitual diet and macronutrient oxidation in relation to changes in abdominal adipose tissue and ectopic fat sites using MR and CT imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort of 49 males with HIV had comprehensive assessments at baseline, 52 weeks (year 1), and 104 weeks (year 2). Linear mixed effects models accounted for the correlation structure in the data and estimated effects over time. Fixed effects included baseline value of the outcome, age, BMI, time since HIV diagnosis, and duration of ART.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The consumption of simple carbohydrates decreased over time (total and added sugars, p = 0.03) concomitant with increased ratio of fatty acid to carbohydrate oxidation (p = 0.01). The amount of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) decreased 15% (p < 0.0001) and the amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) decreased 7% (p = 0.009) simultaneously with improved SAT and VAT densities. Improvement in VAT density associated with reduced fat fraction of the liver (r = -0.28, p = 0.04) and thighs (r = -0.41, p = 0.03), indicating overall reduced ectopic fat accumulation. However, pancreas density decreased (p = 0.03), and no statistically significant change was observed in skeletal muscle density (p = 0.16), suggesting tissue-specific impacts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the relationship between dietary carbohydrates intake, fat oxidation rate, and fat mobilization to reduce ectopic lipid deposition in PWH. While modest changes in dietary intakes show potential for improving metabolic flexibility and body composition among individuals on long-term ART, some organs and tissues may not respond in tandem with other depots of ectopic fat.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of oral microbial protease co-ingestion with whey protein on postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations, appetite, and satiety in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial.","authors":"Yijia Huang, Zachary W Bell, Alyasamin Alhamwi, Benjamin Sauvageau, Divine Malenda, Silar Gardy, Thalia Krauth-Ibarz, Sarkis J Hannaian, José A Correa, Ari Gritsas, Sean M Garvey, Kelly M Tinker, Sidney Abou Sawan, José A Morais, Tyler A Churchward-Venne","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proteases are enzymes that break down proteins into peptides and amino acids. When co-ingested with dietary protein, proteases may enhance digestion, increase postprandial plasma amino acid concentration, and affect gut hormones, appetite, and/or satiety.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a mixture of 3 microbial protease preparations (P3) on postprandial plasma amino acid concentration when co-ingested with whey protein concentrate (WPC) in healthy young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>P3 was first tested in vitro for proteolytic effects in a static simulation of oro-gastric digestion. In a subsequent randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study, 12 males and 12 females (BMI: 23.6 (2.9) kg·m^-2; age: 25 (3) years [mean (SD)]) consumed WPC (25g protein) containing P3 or placebo (maltodextrin). Plasma amino acid, glucose, insulin, and appetite regulatory hormone concentrations were assessed at baseline and throughout a 240-min postprandial period. Perceived appetite sensations were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires. An ad libitum meal was administered following each treatment to determine energy intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>P3 demonstrated proteolytic activity at 50,000 HUT per 31.9g serving of WPC in vitro. Adjusted geometric mean postprandial plasma 60-min incremental area-under-the-curve (iAUC) was 14% greater for essential amino acids (EAA) (Treatment: P=0.025), and 15% greater for branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) (Treatment: P=0.021) with P3 versus placebo, with no differences for total amino acids or leucine (all P>0.05). Adjusted geometric mean postprandial plasma ghrelin was 11% lower (Treatment: P<0.001), while adjusted mean VAS-derived fullness (Treatment: P=0.025) and satiation (Interaction: t=30-150 min; all P<0.05) were greater with P3 versus placebo. Adjusted mean postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and ad libitum meal energy intake were not different between treatments (all P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Co-ingestion of WPC with P3 can enhance early postprandial plasma aminoacidemia and alter select indices of appetite and satiety in young adults.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry: </strong>This trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05957185).</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary fiber intake and type 2 diabetes in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.","authors":"Akiko Nanri, Tetsuya Mizoue, Atsushi Goto, Masayuki Kato, Mitsuhiko Noda, Norie Sawada, Shoichiro Tsugane","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Total dietary fiber and cereal fiber intake have been reported to be associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, evidence from Asia is limited and inconsistent. In addition, no Japanese study has examined the association of dietary fiber intake from food sources.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We prospectively examined the association of dietary fiber and its source with type 2 diabetes risk among Japanese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 27,798 men and 36,883 women aged 44-76 who completed a food frequency questionnaire in 1995-1998 (baseline of the present study), had no history of diabetes, and returned a follow-up questionnaire five years later, when physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes was self-reported. Odds ratios of the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes according to dietary fiber intake were estimated by logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the 5-year period, 1190 cases of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were identified. Total dietary fiber intake was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of type 2 diabetes for the highest versus lowest quartile of total dietary fiber intake was 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.72-1.15) (P for trend = 0.36). On analysis by food source, dietary fiber intake from any of cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruits was not associated with type 2 diabetes, with corresponding values (95% confidence intervals) of 0.95 (0.79-1.14) for cereals, 0.96 (0.78-1.19) for legumes, 1.00 (0.81-1.23) for vegetables, and 1.12 (0.90-1.39) for fruits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that dietary fiber intake has no association with the risk of type 2 diabetes among Japanese.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric Cancer and Obesity: Disease Occurrence and Perioperative Treatment.","authors":"Ruixin Xu, Siwei Pan, Yanqiang Zhang, Can Hu, Zhiyuan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, the association between obesity and gastric cancer (GC) has gained significant attention. This review examines current research on the effects of obesity on GC risk, surgical outcomes, and prognosis. Findings indicate that obesity significantly increases the risk of GC and substantially affects the perioperative treatment of patients with GC. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms by which obesity contributes to GC were explored, including insulin resistance, abnormal adipokine secretion, hormonal changes, reflux esophagitis, and Helicobacter pylori infection. In the context of perioperative treatment, obesity not only increases surgical complexity and prolongs operative duration but also elevates the incidence of postoperative complications. In conclusion, the relationship between obesity and GC is highly complex and requires further investigation to improve treatment strategies and prognostic evaluations in GC management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Dietary Protein Quality: DIAAS and Beyond.","authors":"Joseph J Matthews, Emily J Arentson-Lantz, Paul J Moughan, Robert R Wolfe, Arny A Ferrando, David D Church","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary protein quality refers to the capacity of a food to meet the human metabolic needs for essential amino acids (EAAs) and nitrogen. This is critical in low- and middle-income countries, where severe protein malnutrition occurs; and relevant in higher-income countries, where increasing dietary EAA intake may improve health and function. There are several methods to assess protein quality, each with different objectives. Chemical scoring metrics, like the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS), describe the EAA composition and digestibility of a protein source. However, these methods do not capture the metabolic activity of food-derived amino acids. Overreliance on a single metric leads to generic dietary recommendations lacking individual context. This review draws upon chemical score and stable isotope methods to provide a comprehensive assessment of dietary protein quality. We translate these findings into practical recommendations for improving protein quality in the context of whole diets. High-quality protein sources are characterized by high EAA density (%EAAs/kcals), digestibility, bioavailability, and the capacity to stimulate protein synthesis. Practically, protein quality improves when using processing and cooking methods that reduce antinutrients, denature proteins, and reduce food particle size and structure. Conversely, protein quality decreases when exposing foods to prolonged storage, heat sterilization, and high surface temperatures. Diet modelling studies show that EAA density and protein quality are higher in omnivorous and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, and diets high in whole food plant-derived proteins may require greater total protein and energy intakes to compensate for lower protein quality. For incomplete plant-derived proteins, consuming complementary proteins may be beneficial. Considerations for dietary protein quality in older adults include chewing efficiency, food particle size, and higher EAA density and leucine intakes to maximize muscle protein synthesis. Recognizing dietary protein quality as a multifaceted, modifiable metric is essential to improving dietary recommendations and public health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination Supplement Therapy: A New Frontier in Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"Alexander Shtilbans","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review highlights the importance and potential beneficial effects of dietary supplements, including taurine, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), curcumin, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), creatine, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Studies in preclinical models have consistently shown significant potential of these supplements in mitigating neurodegenerative pathology. Through a range of mechanisms targeting different molecular pathways, these supplements demonstrate therapeutic outcomes in preclinical models of such conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. This review discusses published data on each of these supplements in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. It also discusses a combination therapy concept and proposes a strategy to formulate an optimal blend of these supplements. This combination approach will target key processes, including mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress responsible for neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, this review examines various models used for both the initial screening and subsequent assessment of candidate supplement combinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Consumption and Melanoma in a Prospective US Cohort Study: Results from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.","authors":"Briana Roberts, Megan Hoang, Ju-Woo Nho, Yufei Li, Linda M Liao, Rashmi Sinha, Abrar A Qureshi, Eunyoung Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol consumption is a modifiable lifestyle factor linked with multiple forms of cancer. There is a relative paucity of prospective data on the associations between alcohol consumption and melanoma subtypes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we investigated the associations of total alcohol consumption and different types of alcoholic beverages on the risk of malignant melanoma (MM) and melanoma in situ (MIS) among 469,828 participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Alcoholic beverage consumption, to include beer, wine, and liquor consumption, in the past year was assessed at baseline by questionnaire and defined as a categorical variable. Total melanoma included MM and MIS. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 6,297,881 person years of follow-up with a median of 15.5 years, 5,034 cases of MM and 3,284 cases of MIS were identified. Higher total alcohol consumption was associated with an elevated risk of melanoma; the HR for total melanoma was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.07-1.28) for those who consumed >3 drinks/day compared to non-drinkers (P_trend<0.001). Similar associations were observed for MM (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.29; P_trend<0.006) and MIS (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04-1.40; P_trend<0.002). Beer consumption of >0-1 drinks/day was associated with higher risks of total melanoma (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07-1.18) and MIS (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.21). Wine consumers demonstrated evidence of a higher risk of total melanoma and MIS for both >0-1 and >1 drinks/day (P_trend<0.001). Liquor consumption was associated with increasing risks of total melanoma, MM, and MIS (P_trend<0.001) in both drinking groups CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of melanoma, including both MM and MIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postprandial Responses to a High-Fat Meal: Dependence of Metabolic and Genomic Alterations on the Magnitude of Hypertriglyceridemia in Healthy Young Adults.","authors":"Zahra Mostofinejad, Eleonora Cremonini, Irena Krga, Dragan Milenkovic, Patricia I Oteiza","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postprandial triglyceridemia (PPT) is proposed as a parameter of risk for cardiovascular disease. However, there is limited information on the mechanisms that relates them. Previous studies on parameter, postprandial triglyceridemia (PPT)-associated changes in different parameters, particularly of inflammation, have provided inconsistent results.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This pilot study aimed to investigate whether the magnitude of plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration increases upon consumption of a high-fat meal (HFM) is associated to differential changes in plasma metabolic parameters and endotoxemia and in global gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy individuals aged 18-40 y, with a body mass index (BMI) (in kg/m²) of >21 and <29.9 consumed a single HFM. Blood was collected before and for 5 h after meal consumption and plasma (0-5 h), and PBMCs (3 h) were isolated. Individuals were separated into 2 groups, those who responded by accumulating plasma TG (mg/dL) in a 5-h period postmeal at concentrations (area under the curve) either <170 [low-postprandial triglyceridemia (LPTG)] or >171 and <700 [high-postprandial triglyceridemia (HPTG)]. Plasma was analyzed for TG, cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein concentrations. mRNA was isolated from PBMCs for subsequent genomic and qPCR analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals in the HPTG group showed a 4.7-fold increase in both postprandial TG (P < 0.001) and total cholesterol (P = 0.03) compared with those in the LPTG group. Compared with the LPTG group, the HPTG group showed 61% and 180% higher plasma insulin and LPS-binding protein (P = 0.04) concentrations, respectively. Differences in PPT responses also resulted in global transcriptomic differences, including changes in the expression of protein-coding genes as well as noncoding genes (miRNAs and lncRNAs) involved in the immune response, inflammation, and metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Biochemical and genomic results support the association between a large increase in PPT with a potentially higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 food-based diet score and its association with all-cause mortality in two Swedish cohorts.","authors":"Anne B Mørch, Daniel B Ibsen, Alicja Wolk, Christina C Dahm","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.06.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>The 2023 Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR23) presented a dual focus on disease prevention and planetary health. We aimed to develop a food-based diet score measuring adherence to NNR23 and assess its association with all-cause mortality in a Swedish population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a novel diet score with 15 food components representing NNR23. Each component was scored between 0 and 1 point on a continuous scale, 1 being full adherence, based on participants' intakes. The study population included women (48-83 years old) from the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC, n=39,984) and men (45-79 years old) from the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM, n=48,850), who completed food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) in 1997, 2009 and 2019 and were followed up though linkage to the National Death Register. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models with age as the underlying timescale were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between adherence to NNR23 and all-cause mortality, as well as cardiovascular- and cancer-specific deaths.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median NNR23 score was 9.5 (p10, p90; 8.3, 11) for women and 8.9 (p10, p90; 7.4, 10) for men; no participant achieved full adherence. During a median 18.8 years of follow-up 30,142 participants died. Participants with the highest adherence (>10 points) at baseline had a 23% lower all-cause mortality (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.74, 0.80) compared to the lowest adherence group (<8 points). Results were similar for cardiovascular- and cancer-specific mortality. For long-term average food intake, we found an even lower mortality risk when comparing highest adherence with lowest adherence (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.37, 0.40).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With a new food-based diet score representing NNR23, we found that higher compared to lower adherence to NNR23 was associated with lower mortality in a Swedish population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}