Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Reshaping Chinese agrifood systems to enhance human nutrition: a scoping review of research.","authors":"Ting Meng, Jingjing Wang, Derek Headey, Shenggen Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food security in China has broadened to include achieving balanced nutrition and health while addressing resource and environmental burdens, mitigating climate change, improving livelihoods, and promoting social equity and welfare. This paper explores how China has established the link between agriculture, nutrition, and multiple goals through a system approach over the past decade. A scoping review method was used to analyze the recent research trajectory in China, with a specific focus on research on agrifood systems and improved human nutrition in China from 2014 to 2023. The results show a shift in research focus from predominantly agricultural production to an emphasis on food consumption and diets, thereby providing an evidence base for transforming agrifood systems. Future research should explore how to promote this transformation through technological innovation, agrifood policy optimization, and in-depth stakeholder engagement to further improve human nutrition while not compromising environmental goals of the agrifood system.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ferric carboxymaltose on pica among pregnant women in Malawi: a sub-study to a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Leila M Larson, Martin Mwangi, Rebecca Harding, Ernest Moya, Ricardo Ataíde, Glory Mzembe, Ashley Thurber, Sera L Young, Sabine Braat, Kamija Phiri, Sant-Rayn Pasricha","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pica is the craving and consumption of non-food items, and includes the ingestion of earth, raw starch, and ice. Pica is common in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially during pregnancy. Despite being ubiquitous, its etiology is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We leveraged the randomized trial of intravenous iron for anemia in Malawian pregnant women (REVAMP) to determine the effects of iron therapy, compared to standard-of-care oral iron, on pica among anemic pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>REVAMP was an open-label, individually randomized controlled trial, conducted in Malawi. A total of 862 pregnant anemic women in their second trimester were randomized at baseline to receive either 1) a single dose of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) or 2) standard-of-care oral iron. Pica was assessed at baseline and 4 weeks post-randomization by asking participants whether they had craved and consumed earth (geophagy), unripe mango (amylophagy), raw rice (amylophagy), ice (pagophagy), ash, charcoal, or chalk in the past two weeks. Venous blood was collected for hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations. A longitudinal Poisson model was used to examine the treatment effect of FCM on overall pica and types of pica.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, the prevalence of any pica was 71.7%, and geophagy was 31.9%. Hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations improved following FCM compared to standard-of-care oral iron and were lower among participants with geophagy. From baseline to 4 weeks post-randomization, the prevalence of geophagy decreased more among women assigned to FCM compared to standard-of-care (FCM: 33.5% to 12.9%, standard-of-care: 30.4% to 22.3%, prevalence ratio (PR) =0.53 [95% CI 0.39-0.72], p<0.0001). There was no evidence of a treatment effect for overall pica (FCM: 70.7% to 57.3%, standard-of-care: 72.6% to 63.0%, PR=0.93 [0.83, 1.06]), amylophagy, or pagophagy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides causal evidence that geophagy is reduced by improvements in iron status and anemia during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ACTRN12618001268235.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoglobin during pregnancy does not mediate the relationship between nutrition supplements and intrauterine growth: A secondary data analysis of Women First Preconception Nutrition Trial.","authors":"Sumera Aziz Ali, Linda Valeri, Ka Kahe, Jeanine M Genkinger, Sarah Saleem, Saleem Jessani, Robert L Goldenberg, Jamie E Westcott, Jennifer F Kemp, Ana L Garcés, Lester Figueroa, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Sangappa M Dhaded, Richard J Derman, Antoinette Tshefu, Adrien L Lokangaka, Melissa S Bauserman, Elizabeth M McClure, Marion Koso Thomas, Louise Kuhn, Nancy F Krebs","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nutrition supplements such as multiple micronutrient-fortified small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation (SQ-LNS) consumed either before or during pregnancy have been shown to improve intrauterine growth but the mechanisms through which the supplements improve intrauterine growth remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined whether hemoglobin (Hb) during pregnancy could be a potential mechanism through which multiple micronutrient-fortified SQ-LNS improve intrauterine growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data collected from women and newborns in a randomized controlled trial conducted in Pakistan, India, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Guatemala. Women were randomized to consume multiple micronutrient-fortified SQ-LNS from preconception until birth (Arm 1); consume the SQ-LNS from the second trimester of pregnancy until birth (Arm 2); or no supplement (Arm 3). Intrauterine growth, expressed as birth length, weight, and head circumference Z-scores, was the outcome. The mediator was Hb (g/dL) measured at 12 (n=2,075) and 32 weeks of gestation (n=2,157). Causal mediation analysis was employed to estimate direct and indirect effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hemoglobin levels at 12 or 32 weeks of gestation did not mediate the relation between the SQ-LNS and intrauterine growth. Indirect effects of preconception SQ-LNS (Arm 1) vs. Arm 3, mediated by Hb at 12 weeks of gestation, were 0.02 (95% CI: -0.02, 0.01), 0.01 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.02), and 0.01 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.02) for length, weight, and head circumference Z-scores, respectively. The corresponding direct effects (95% CIs), not mediated by Hb, were 0.18 (0.09, 0.33), 0.12 (0.03, 0.23), and 0.06 (-0.03, 0.20), respectively. Site-specific and gestational age-adjusted data analyses at 12 and 32 weeks of gestation confirmed the findings of no statistically significant mediated effects of Hb during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The observed main effect of multiple micronutrient-fortified SQ-LNS on intrauterine growth was not mediated by Hb levels at 12 or 32 weeks of gestation. The findings suggest exploring other pathways implicated in the association between the SQ-LNS and intrauterine growth.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT01883193; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01883193?term=01883193&rank=1.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warfarin treatment is associated with lower post-mortem brain vitamin K concentrations in older adults.","authors":"M Kyla Shea, Erica A Israel, Xueyan Fu, Bryan D James, Puja Agarwal, Julie A Schneider, Sarah L Booth","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Menaquinone 4 (MK-4) is the primary form of vitamin K found in the brain. In rodent studies, treatment with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin lowered brain MK-4 concentrations. It is not known if brain MK-4 levels are influenced by warfarin treatment in humans. To address this, we compared post-mortem brain MK-4 concentrations in older adults treated with warfarin prior to death to older adults not treated with warfarin. We also determined the likelihood of having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia in warfarin users, compared to non-users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized data from 381 autopsied participants (76% female, mean±SD age at death 92±6 years) in the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) in whom MK-4 was measured in 4 brain regions: mid-frontal and temporal cortices, anterior watershed (AWS), and cerebellum. Brain MK-4 concentrations were compared between those treated with warfarin and those not treated, using linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and cognitive diagnosis at death. The association of warfarin use prior to death with cognitive diagnosis at death was evaluated using logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, education, and apoE4 status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Warfarin users (n=73, median (IQR) duration of warfarin use = 585 (479-656) days) had 68-79% lower brain MK-4 concentrations in all measured regions, including the mean across all regions, compared to non-warfarin users (unstandardized β -1.538 to -1.140; all p<.001, fully adjusted). The likelihood of having MCI or dementia, versus no cognitive impairment, at death did not significantly differ between those treated with warfarin prior to death and those not [OR (95%CI) for MCI: 0.82 (0.41, 1.62), dementia: 1.04 (0.57, 1.93), fully adjusted].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that warfarin treatment influences MK-4 concentrations in the human brain. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this effect and the clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of Fructose Mediated De Novo Lipogenesis Co-exists with the Upregulation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Function in Mice Liver.","authors":"Parama Bhattacharjee, Ayeesha Fadlaoui, Caitlin E Ryan, Courtney B Carlson, Daoning Zhang, Nishanth E Sunny","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dysfunctional mitochondrial metabolism and sustained de novo lipogenesis (DNL) are characteristics of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a comorbidity of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Fructose, a common sweetener and a potent inducer of lipogenesis, contributes to the etiology of MASLD.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our goal was to determine whether higher rates of DNL, through its biochemical relationships with mitochondria, can contribute to dysfunctional induction of oxidative networks in the liver.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male C57BL/6JN mice were given a low-fat (LF; 10% fat Kcal, 49.9% corn starch Kcal), high-fat (HF; 60% fat Kcal), or HF/ high-fructose diet (HF/HFr; 25% fat Kcal, 34.9% fructose Kcal) for 24-wks. In a follow-up study, mice on normal chow were provided either 30% fructose in drinking water (FW) to induce hepatic DNL or regular water (NW) for 14 days. Hepatic mitochondria and liver tissue were used to determine oxygen consumption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity and gene/protein expression profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hepatic steatosis remained similar between HF and HF/HFr fed mice livers. However, lipogenic and lipid oxidation gene expression profiles and the induction of TCA cycle metabolism were all higher (P ≤ 0.05) in HF/HFr livers. Under fed conditions, the upregulation of DNL in FW livers occurred in concert with higher mitochondrial oxygen consumption (basal; 1.7±0.21 vs. 3.3±0.14 nmoles/min, P ≤ 0.05), higher ROS (0.87±0.09 vs. 1.25±0.12 μM, P ≤ 0.05) and higher flux through TCA cycle components P ≤ 0.05. Further, TCA cycle activity and lipid oxidation remained higher during fasting in the FW livers P ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results show that fructose administration to mice led to the concurrent induction of mitochondrial oxidative networks and DNL in the liver. Sustained induction of both de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial oxidative function could accelerate cellular stress and metabolic dysfunction during MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of a food frequency questionnaire for estimating ultra-processed food intake according to the Nova classification system in the US NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.","authors":"Erikka Loftfield, Pei Zhang, Caitlin P O'Connell, Lisa L Kahle, Kirsten Herrick, Leila Abar, Neha Khandpur, Eurídice Martínez Steele, Hyokyoung G Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>How accurately ultra-processed food (UPF) intake is measured by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We evaluated performance of a 124-item FFQ for estimating UPF intake with Nova.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In n=1311 NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study participants who completed two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls (24HDR) and two FFQ, we used two methods to estimate UPF intake. First, four experts independently matched FFQ items to food descriptions from another FFQ classified previously according to Nova. Discordant descriptions were discussed, and a consensus reached. Second, data from the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intake of Individuals were used to match disaggregated FFQ items to Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) and standard reference (SR) codes. Nova classification of FNDDS and SR codes was based on database linkage. We evaluated FFQ performance using a measurement error model with two 24HDR as the reference to estimate validity coefficients (ρ_Q,T) and attenuation factors (λ_Q). We applied parametric bootstrapping to construct 95% confidence intervals, accounting for the repeated measures structure in the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For energy-adjusted, kilocalories from UPF (kcal/day), ρ_Q,T were 0.50 (0.39-0.61) and 0.44 (0.30-0.59), for men and women, respectively, for the expert consensus method (ECM) and 0.52 (0.40-0.63) and 0.43 (0.29-0.57) for the food code method (FCM). For energy-adjusted, gram weight from UPF (g/day), ρ_Q,T were 0.65 (0.60-0.71) and 0.66 (0.60-0.72) for the ECM and 0.66 (0.52-0.65) and 0.66 (0.59-0.72) for the FCM; λ_Q were ≥0.50 for both methods. UPF variables, defined using the ECM and FCM but expressed in the same unit, were highly correlated (r≥0.97).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FCM, performed similarly to ECM but has the potential to standardize UPF exposures across studies since Nova categorization is assigned at a more granular level through database linkage. UPF intake based on energy-adjusted gram weight outperformed intake based on energy alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interplay of Dietary Choline and Methyl Donors in Modulating Maternal Inflammation: Insights from Project Viva.","authors":"Elisabeth A Larson, Laura E Smith, Wei Perng, Karen M Switkowski, Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman, Emily Oken","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation during pregnancy is an important contributor to maternal and offspring morbidity and mortality. Evidence from both non-pregnant human and animal studies suggests that dietary choline can attenuate inflammation, but this has not yet been explored in human pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explored the cross-sectional associations between maternal mid-pregnancy dietary choline intake and inflammation biomarkers, specifically interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) while also examining the modifying effects of other methyl donor nutrients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 640 pregnant women enrolled in Project Viva, a longitudinal cohort study in Eastern Massachusetts. We assessed mid-pregnancy maternal dietary intake via a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and measured inflammatory markers in maternal blood collected concurrently, namely IL-6, TNF- α and CRP. We employed censored and linear regression models to assess associations of z-scored choline intake with log-transformed inflammatory markers and assessed potential interactions between choline intake and intakes of other methyl donor nutrients. We assessed unadjusted models and models adjusted for sociodemographic and dietary covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found no main effect of choline intake with IL-6, TNF-α, or CRP levels (e.g. for IL-6, beta = -0.02 pg/mL 95% CI = (-0.08, 0.05)). However, an interaction term demonstrated that greater combined intake of choline intake and other methyl donor nutrients was related to lower IL-6 (e.g. for betaine, beta interaction =-0.08 pg/mL, 95% CI = (-0.14, -0.02)). We did not observe similar interaction effects or TNF-α or CRP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the interplay between choline and other dietary methyl donors in modulating inflammation status during pregnancy, specifically through IL-6. Higher intake of methyl donor nutrients may be necessary for any anti-inflammatory effects of choline, though further studies in this area are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal tryptophan supplementation enhances sow reproductive performance by influencing hormones, tryptophan metabolism and gut microbiome.","authors":"Zhekun Zhu, Bangxing Xue, Huan Li, Xinyu Wang, Yanlong Li, Jun Huang, Shuang Cai, Xiangzhou Zeng, Meixia Chen, Shihai Zhang, Fang Chen, Chuanjiang Cai, Xiangfang Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhancing early embryo survival rate is important for increasing sow reproductive efficiency. Whether and how tryptophan influences early embryo survival and pregnancy outcomes in sows remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary tryptophan supplementation on the reproductive performance of sows.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 128 multiparous Large White × Landrace sows were randomly assigned to four groups including the control group (dietary tryptophan level was 0.18% from weaning to estrus and 0.10% from d 1 to d 28 of pregnancy) or the low, medium, and high dose of tryptophan supplementation groups (dietary tryptophan levels were 0.27%, 0.36%, and 0.45% from weaning to estrus and 0.15%, 0.20%, and 0.25% from d 1 to d 28 of pregnancy). Primary porcine granulosa cells were isolated from porcine ovaries and treated with selected tryptophan metabolites to assess hormone levels in the cell supernatant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control group, dietary high levels of tryptophan group increased the litter weight (P < 0.05) and showed an increasing trend in the born alive per litter (P = 0.06). Serum concentration of progesterone and estradiol and levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, xanthurenic acid, 2-aminobenzoic acid, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase on d 28 of pregnancy was increased in the high level of tryptophan group (P < 0.05). In vitro experiments using primary porcine granulosa cell culture showed that tryptophan and 2-aminobenzoic acid increased progesterone and estradiol levels in the cell supernatant (P < 0.05). Dietary tryptophan supplementation increased the abundances of fecal beneficial bacteria such as Hydrogenoanaerobacterium and Lachnospiraceae in sows (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary tryptophan supplementation may enhance the pregnancy outcome of sows through the increase of tryptophan metabolites to strengthen steroid hormone secretion and the abundances of beneficial microbes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic and Proteomic Signatures of Ultra-processed Foods Positively Associated with Adverse Liver Outcomes.","authors":"Longgang Zhao, Yun Chen, Alyssa Clay-Gilmour, Jiajia Zhang, Xuehong Zhang, Susan E Steck","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher ultra-processed foods consumption is associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes; however, evidence is sparse on liver diseases and the underlying mechanisms remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate associations between metabolomic and proteomic signatures of ultra-processed food intake and adverse liver outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>173,840 participants aged 40-69 years from the UK Biobank were analyzed. Ultra-processed food intake was assessed using multiple 24-hour dietary recalls. Plasma metabolites were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and plasma proteome was profiled using the Olink® platform. Adverse liver outcomes (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease [MASLD], cirrhosis, liver cancer, and severe liver disease) were ascertained using data from the in-hospital records, or cancer or death registry. We used elastic net regression to calculate omics signatures of ultra-processed foods and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ultra-processed foods and their omics signatures and adverse liver outcomes, adjusting for multiple potential confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With a median of 8.9 years' follow-up, an increase of 1 standard deviation (SD) in metabolic signature score of ultra-processed foods was associated with increased risk of MASLD (HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.38-1.87). An increase of 1 SD in proteomic signature score of ultra-processed foods was associated with increased risk of MASLD (HR 1.84; 95% CI 1.45-2.35), cirrhosis (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.16-1.91), and severe liver disease (HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.07-2.03). 34 metabolites and 65 proteins were significantly associated with ultra-processed food intake and were enriched in biological pathways such as lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. More than half of these metabolites and proteins are significantly associated with the risk of MASLD and cirrhosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultra-processed food intake and its metabolic and proteomic signatures are positively associated with the risk of MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma B12 may be a misleading biomarker among children with severe acute malnutrition: An observation from Mwanza, Tanzania.","authors":"Rikke Møller, Ebba Nexo, George PrayGod, Belinda Kweka, Happyness Kunzi, Maimuna Ahmed, Suzanne Filteau, Melissa Gladstone, André Briend, Henrik Friis, Mette Frahm Olsen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>B12 deficiency is related to impaired neurodevelopment and anaemia and is a global health concern in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated B12 status in children with SAM and among non-malnourished comparisons and assessed the validity of the plasma B12 assay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was part of a pilot study of a nutritional intervention. We measured plasma levels of B12, methylmalonic acid (MMA), total haptocorrin (HC) and total transcobalamin (TC), in children with SAM before and after eight weeks of nutritional treatment and at a single timepoint in non-malnourished children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 82 children with SAM and 82 children without acute malnutrition. Plasma B12 was higher in SAM at enrolment than in controls (median 647 vs 411 pmol/L) and declined after treatment (median 469 pmol/L). Baseline plasma B12 was particularly high in children with oedematous SAM compared to those without oedema (p=0.050). In contrast, plasma MMA was higher in those with SAM, reflecting lower B12 function (median 220 vs 170 nmol/L), and declined after treatment (median 190 nmol). HC was positively correlated to B12 levels (p<0.001) and was also higher in SAM than comparison children (median 959 vs 789 pmol/L), decreasing after treatment (median 815 pmol/L). TC was higher in children with SAM than comparisons but did not decrease after treatment. Overall, 23% of children with SAM had MMA levels suggesting B12 deficiency, compared to 4.5% of non-malnourished children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In contrast to our initial expectations, we found that plasma B12 was higher in children with SAM, especially those with oedema. However, analysis of MMA revealed lower B12 function in malnourished children and improvement after treatment, warranting caution in the interpretation of plasma B12 in SAM. Elevated HC in SAM may explain the high B12 levels, but the cause of elevated HC needs further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}