Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Consumption of Unsweetened Coffee or Tea May Reduce the Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Jingxue Xu, Yixue Wang, Siyu Wang, Tianle Zhou, Shijie Zhang, Zhengqian Li, Fuliang Liu, Hang Yin, Xiaoyuan Wang, Hongru Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current evidence on the relationship between beverage intake and cancer risk remains inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the association between the intake of 11 beverages and cancer incidence and mortality, with a particular focus on coffee and tea, categorized by their sugar content.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This large prospective cohort study included 189,020 participants from the UK Biobank. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between beverage intake and the incidence and mortality of overall cancer and cancers of various systems. Additionally, the study investigated the effects of substituting one beverage for another and explored potential mediators underlying the relationship between beverage intake and cancer outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up period of 8.8 years, consuming more than two cups of unsweetened coffee per day was associated with reduced overall cancer incidence and mortality. Compared to no intake of unsweetened coffee, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-0.98) for overall cancer incidence and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83-0.96) for overall cancer mortality. Similarly, consuming more than two cups of unsweetened tea per day was associated with reduced overall cancer incidence (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.97) and mortality (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79-0.91) compared to no unsweetened tea intake. Substituting unsweetened coffee or tea for other beverages was associated with a 1% to 5% reduction in overall cancer incidence and mortality. The association between unsweetened tea and reduced cancer risk may be partially mediated by inflammatory markers. Notably, the sugar content of coffee and tea had the most pronounced effect on the risk of respiratory system cancers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Beverage selection significantly impacts cancer incidence and mortality. For cancer prevention, unsweetened tea or coffee may be the optimal choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two a priori dietary indices among young children in the Children's Healthy Living (CHL) Trial: validation and association with health outcomes.","authors":"Yurii B Shvetsov, Ashley B Yamanaka, Rica Dela Cruz, Jean Butel, Kristi Hammond, Tanisha F Aflague, Patricia Coleman, Leslie Shallcross, Travis Fleming, Marie K Fialkowski, Lynne R Wilkens, Rachel Novotny","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children's diets affect multiple health outcomes. Dietary indices are a useful tool for quantifying the quality of overall diet, but their performance may differ among children of different ages and in understudied populations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This analysis aimed to validate two dietary indices and examine their associations with physical body measures among 2-8-year old children of the US-Affiliated Pacific region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected on children (n=2,359) from 5 jurisdictions of the Children's Healthy Living (CHL) randomized control trial in independent cross-sectional cluster samples over 3 time points. Anthropometric measurements were taken and dietary intakes ascertained from 2 days of dietary records completed by caregivers. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020 and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores were calculated using a simple scoring algorithm, their construct validity and performance were evaluated, and associations with nutrient intake, body measures and obesity status were examined using covariate-adjusted means and unconditional logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a wide range of variation in DASH (9-38 points) and HEI-2020 (10-94.7 points), clear separation of mean component scores by quintile of total score and multiple dimensions for each index. Significant trends in polyunsaturated and saturated fat were observed from lowest to highest quintile of HEI-2020 (12% increase and 21% reduction, respectively) but not for DASH. Statistically significant differences by quintile of DASH and HEI-2020 were found for mean BMI z-score among 6-8-year-olds and for waist circumference among boys and 6-8-year-olds.The odds of obesity exhibited statistically significant downward trends across quintiles of HEI-2020 among all participants and in all sexes and age groups, and across quintiles of DASH among all participants, boys and 6-8-year-olds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that HEI-2020 is a better measure of dietary intake than DASH in this population of 2-8-year-old children of the US-Affiliated Pacific region.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ke Improves Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations Compared to Usual Intake in Adults at Increased Risk for Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Tricia L Hart, Penny M Kris-Etherton, Kristina S Petersen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pecan consumption consistently improves lipoproteins, but less research has investigated the effect of pecans on lipoprotein subfractions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim was to investigate the effect of substitution of usual snack foods with 57 g/day of pecans on lipoprotein particle subfractions and apolipoproteins compared to continuing usual intake after 12 weeks. Exploratory analyses evaluated effects on early markers of insulin resistance including the Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index (LP-IR), Diabetes Risk Index (DRI), and GlycA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 12-week, randomized, 2-armed parallel trial in adults at risk for cardiometabolic disease was conducted. Participants were instructed to either consume 57 g/day of pecans in place of usual snacks or to continue usual intake. Plasma samples collected at baseline and 12 weeks were analyzed for lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and GlycA by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Between-group differences in the change from baseline were evaluated with linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 138 participants were randomized (n=69 per group) and 130 participants (pecan group n=62; usual diet group n=68) completed the trial. The pecan group had a greater reduction from baseline in the concentrations of apolipoprotein B (apoB) (-4.38 mg/dL; 95%CI -8.02, -0.73), total LDL (-75.3 nmol/L; 95%CI -144, -6.93), total triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRL-P) (-20.4 nmol/L; 95%CI -33.8, -7.03), large (-1.47 nmol/L; 95%CI -2.69, -0.26) and small (-11.3 nmol/L; 95%CI -22.4, -0.27) TRL-P and the LP-IR (-4.42 points; 95%CI -8.14, -0.69), and greater increases from baseline in the concentration of large high density lipoproteins (0.35 μmol/L; 95%CI 0.07, 0.63) compared to the usual diet group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incorporating 57 g/day of pecans into the diet in place of usual snacks for 12 weeks improved apoB, atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions, and the LP-IR in adults at risk for cardiometabolic diseases.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05071807; NCT05071807.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability of pig true ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients: Among and within laboratories.","authors":"Suzanne M Hodgkinson, Natascha Stroebinger, Carlos A Montoya, Hans Stein, Sonja de Vries, Nikkie van der Wielen, Wouter Hendriks, Paul J Moughan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>When determining true ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility values in the growing pig to calculate digestible indispensable AA score (DIAAS) there are aspects of the protocol, both genetic and environmental, that vary between laboratories.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to determine true ileal AA digestibility in nine foods in each of three laboratories (Australasia, Europe and North America) to determine inter-laboratory variability. In each laboratory, three foods were also evaluated twice to determine intra-laboratory variation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Each laboratory followed a standardised protocol to determine true ileal AA digestibility for each food. Growing pigs received each food for 7 days and digesta were collected via a cannula at the terminal ileum on days 6 and 7. True ileal AA digestibility coefficients were determined for each food at each laboratory to evaluate inter-laboratory variability. Three foods were evaluated twice in different cohorts of pigs at each laboratory (intra-laboratory variation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistically significant effect (P>0.05) of laboratory on the true ileal AA digestibility coefficients for eight of the foods. Differences in AA digestibility were found for wheat bread. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) between laboratories for digestibility of the indispensable AAs was 5.0% with an overall mean for all AAs of 5.5%. For intra-laboratory variability, there were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in AA digestibility for any food with mean CVs for each AA within each of the three laboratories for the indispensable AAs of 1.3, 1.1 and 0.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>True ileal AA digestibility values determined in the growing pig for the same foods in different laboratories (inter-laboratory variation) do not vary greatly. When a single food was evaluated a second time in the same laboratory, little variation among digestibility values was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Perspectives on China's lodine Dietary Reference Intakes: Revisions, Public Health Implications, and Future Strategies.","authors":"Wenxing Guo, Wen Chen, Wanqi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iodine is an essential trace element for the human body and a fundamental precursor for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, playing a critical role in maintaining thyroid function. Since iodine cannot be synthesized by the body, it must be obtained from external sources. The development of dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for iodine has evolved over time, with various countries establishing guidelines based on local dietary surveys, iodine status assessments, and health outcomes. The DRIs of iodine varies widely across different regions due to differences in dietary habits, food fortification policies, and iodine supplementation practices. This review primarily synthesizes and analyzes the latest research data on iodine intake reference values set by China and compares these values with those established by other countries and organizations. Additionally, this review examines primary dietary sources of iodine, such as iodized salt, dairy products, and seafood, and discusses challenges posed by public health initiatives like salt reduction campaigns that may impact overall iodine intake. Furthermore, it highlights current global trends in iodine nutrition while emphasizing countries where iodine intake is classified as sufficient, deficient, or excessive. By comparing iodine intake recommendations worldwide, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of iodine nutrition and its impact on public health. It also identifies gaps in current research and offers insights into future directions for ensuring optimal iodine intake through updated guidelines and public health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of prenatal dietary factors with child autism diagnosis and autism-related traits using a mixtures approach: Results from the ECHO Cohort.","authors":"Megan G Bragg, Juliette Rando, Kecia N Carroll, Stephanie M Eick, Margaret R Karagas, Pi-I Lin, Rebecca J Schmidt, Kristen Lyall","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research on the role of maternal diet in relation to autism has focused on examining individual nutrient associations. Few studies have examined associations with multiple nutrients using mixtures approaches, which may better reflect true exposure scenarios.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine associations of nutrient mixtures with children's autism diagnosis and traits scores within a large, diverse population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were drawn from the US Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium. Maternal prenatal diet was reported via validated food frequency questionnaires. Children's autism-related traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and autism diagnoses were from parent report of physician diagnosis. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to examine the overall mixture effect and interactions between a set of 5 primary nutrients (folate, vitamin D, omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids, and iron), adjusted for potential confounders, in relationship to child outcomes. Secondary analyses were conducted in a subset of cohorts with an expanded set of 14 nutrients. Traditional linear and logistic regression models were also run for comparison of results to mixture models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>2,614 participants drawn from 7 ECHO cohorts were included in primary analysis. Mixture analyses suggested that increasing the overall 5-nutrient mixture was associated with lower SRS scores. Individual U-shaped associations and bivariate interactions between folate and omega 3 fatty acids were suggested. In the subset included in the secondary analyses of the 14-nutrient mixture, a modest inverse trend remained, but individual nutrient associations were altered, with vitamin D demonstrating higher relative importance than other nutrients. Strong associations with autism diagnosis were not observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large sample, we found evidence for combined nutrient effects with broader autism-related traits. Because results for individual nutrients were sensitive to mixture components, replication of combined associations between nutrients and autism-related outcomes is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivitamin Use and Mammographic Breast Density.","authors":"Oreoluwa G Oginni, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Adetunji T Toriola","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The association of multivitamin use with mammographic breast density (MBD) is unclear, with two studies reporting conflicting findings. We, therefore, investigated the associations of multivitamin use with volumetric measures of MBD; volumetric percent density (VPD), dense volume (DV), and non-dense volume (NDV) in a diverse population of women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 1,083 women recruited during their annual screening mammograms at the Joanne Knight Breast Health Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Participants were classified based on self-reported multivitamin use into non-users, <1 day/week, 1-3 days/week, 4-6 days/week, and daily users. MBD was assessed as VPD, DV, and NDV using Volpara 1.5. Data were analyzed using general linear modeling, adjusted for potential confounders, including age, BMI, race, menopausal status, education, age at menarche, family history of breast cancer, parity and age at first birth, oral contraceptive use, menopausal hormone therapy use, and alcohol intake. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivitamin use was not associated with VPD. The adjusted mean VPD was 7.0% (95% CI 6.6%-7.2%) for non-users, 7.1% (95% CI 6.4%-8.0%) for women who used multivitamins <1 day/week, 7.4% (95% CI 6.6%-8.3%) for women who used multivitamins 1-3 days/week, 7.1% (95% CI 6.3%-7.7%) for women who used multivitamins 4-6 days/week, and 6.9% (95% CI 6.6%-7.3%) for daily users (p-value= 0.794). Similar null associations were observed between multivitamin use and DV and NDV. Race and premenopausal women did not modify the associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found no associations between multivitamin use and MBD, regardless of the frequency of use. Studies evaluating the potential interactions between dietary patterns, specific nutrients, and MBD are needed to enhance our understanding of how dietary factors impact MBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc-Mediated Deacetylation of FXR Activates the ATGL Pathway to Reduce Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Enhance Lipolysis in Yellow Catfish.","authors":"Chuan Chen, Xuebo Liu, Jiawei Wang, Xiaobo Wen, Huihong Zhao, Guanghui Chen, Kun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-fat diets (HFD) can lead to excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver, leading to liver injury. Dietary zinc (Zn) has been shown to reduce high-fat diets-induced lipid accumulation and improve lipid profiles in mammals, yet it remains unclear whether waterborne Zn maintains its lipid-lowering effects in osteichthyes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory role of Zn in high fat diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and its potential mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Yellow catfish were fed a control diet (11.21% lipid level), high-fat diets (HFD) (16.10% lipid level), or an HFD combined with waterborne Zn exposure (0.2 mg/L) for 8 weeks. Various biochemical, genetic, histological, and molecular techniques were conducted to evaluate hepatic lipid deposition and lipid metabolism, and determine protein interactions between silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR), as well as protein-gene interactions between FXR and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HFD feeding significantly increased liver fat content and induced hepatic damage in yellow catfish, but concurrent exposure to waterborne Zn alleviated these detrimental effects. Zn treatment increased mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1 (97.19% ± 11.67% and 83.25% ± 28.60%, values are expressed as mean ± standard error of means, same below.) and FXR (163.90% ± 24.60%, 24.90% ± 11.12%) in yellow catfish liver (P < 0.05). Zn-activated FXR directly interacted with the promoter of ATGL, stimulating the expression of atgl (54.40% ± 16.33%, P < 0.05) and facilitating the hydrolysis of triglycerides and lipid droplets. Furthermore, Zn reduced the acetylation level of FXR by SIRT1 deacetylation of FXR protein K167.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings revealed that Zn protect against HFD-induced liver injury in yellow catfish by promoting the deacetylation of FXR protein K167 by SIRT1 and activating FXR, thereby promoting the transcriptional activation of ATGL to increase lipolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporation of Whole or Milled Dry Edible Beans into a High-Fat Diet Improves Bone Structure in Obese Mice.","authors":"Jay J Cao, Brian R Gregoire, Derek D Bussan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Pulses, a healthy diet component, contain many bone-beneficial components. This study investigated whether incorporation of dried pulses to a high-fat diet (HF) improves bone metabolism in obese mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male C57BL/6 mice at 4-wk-old were randomly assigned to 4 diet groups (n = 22-24/group) for 12 wk: a normal-fat (NF; 4.1 kcal/g and 16% energy as fat), an HF (4.9 kcal/g and 48% energy as fat), or an HF containing either whole beans (HFWB) or milled bean flour (HFMB) at 15% wt/wt. Diets containing beans had similar total energy, protein, and fiber content as the HF without beans. Bone structure and related biomarkers were measured. Data were analyzed using a 1-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc contrasts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mice fed the HFWB or HFMB but not the HF had higher lean mass than those fed the NF (P < 0.05, 9.1% and 8.7%, for HFWB and HFMB, respectively). Mice fed the HF, HFWB, or HFMB had 23%, 14%, and 12% lower tibial bone volume/total volume (P < 0.05), respectively, than those on the NF. Mice fed the HF but not the HFWB or HFMB had 9.2% lower bone volume/total volume in the second lumbar vertebrae than those fed the NF (P < 0.05). Pooled HF with bean groups had 18%, 14%, 27%, 17%, and 15% greater body weight, fat mass, plasma concentrations of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen, blood glucose than the HF alone, respectively (P < 0.05). Milled bean flour had a greater impact on body weight, fat mass, tibial structural model index, circulating leptin, and glucose than whole bean relative to the HF alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data indicate that the incorporation of dry edible beans into an HF mitigates but does not fully prevent bone deterioration in obese mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relation Between Carotenoids Measured in the Skin and Eye.","authors":"Spencer F Smith, Lisa M Renzi-Hammond, Jacob B Harth, Billy R Hammond","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carotenoid levels measured in the skin and retina are increasingly being used as biomarkers of general health, function, and disease. Whether they are directly interchangeable, however, is not clear. Several previous studies comparing the measures in adults and children have found inconsistent results.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the present observational study is to assess the relation between carotenoid levels measured in the skin and retina.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the relation between the two measurements over an extended time period and multiple testing sessions. 21 healthy participants were assessed (mean age = 27.0, SD = 9.8). Macular carotenoids were measured using a standard method based on customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. Skin carotenoids were measured using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the retinal and skin measures showed high reliability (intraclass correlations > 0.90) and stability over time. The two measures, when averaged over 5 testing sessions, were moderately but significantly correlated (r = 0.55, p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Skin carotenoid levels accounted for approximately a third of the variance in retinal carotenoid density. Carotenoids in both skin and retina likely share many factors that both promote and interfere with accumulation. Each, however, also likely has some unique predictive characteristics as a biomarker. Therefore, when using physiological carotenoids as a biomarker, the outcome of interest should determine whether to measure carotenoids dermally or in the retina.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}