Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The Associations of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index With Human Milk Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Composition in the Observational Norwegian Human Milk Study","authors":"Talat B Ahmed ,&nbsp;Merete Eggesbø ,&nbsp;Rachel Criswell ,&nbsp;Hans Demmelmair ,&nbsp;Martina Totzauer ,&nbsp;Berthold Koletzko","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human milk fat quality depends on its fatty acid (FA) and phospholipid (PL) composition. There is clear evidence that maternal diet influences human milk FA composition. However, the scientific literature concerning associations between prepregnancy body mass index (pBMI) and milk FA and PL composition remains inconclusive.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This observational study aimed to identify the associations between maternal pBMI and the milk FA and choline-containing PL species composition, considering study confounders, including fish intake as a proxy for n3 long-chain polyunsaturated FA (n3-LCPUFA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed total FA and choline-containing PL-classes (lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin) in 628 milk samples from the Norwegian Human Milk Study birth-cohort using gas chromatography and flow-injection mass spectrometry, respectively. Multiple regression analysis assessed the relationship between pBMI and milk lipid metabolites (%FA, %PL) (reported as <em>β</em> = standardized regression coefficient with adjusted <em>P</em> value &lt; 0.0005, B(95% confidence interval [CI]) = unstandardized coefficient with 95% CI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Maternal pBMI showed significant association (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0005) with n3-LCPUFA [<em>β</em> = −0.138, B(95% CI) = −0.010 (−0.015, −0.005)], n6/n3LCPUFA ratio [<em>β</em> = 0.170, B(95% CI) = 0.020(0.012, 0.028)], monounsaturated FA [<em>β</em> = 0.207, B(95% CI) = 0.128(0.076, 0.180)], and corresponding PL species [%LysoPC16:1, <em>β</em> = 0.171, B(95% CI) = 0.001(0.001,0.002), %LysoPC18:1, <em>β</em> = 0.155, B(95%CI) = 0.005 (0.002,0.007)] adjusted with the study covariates. The percentages of variance explained by pBMI were 40% for the n6/n3 LCPUFA ratio, 34% for n3-LCPUFA, and 10% for monounsaturated FA. Conversely, analyses revealed no significant associations between pBMI and choline-containing PL classes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Biological factors likely increased stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity, lower lipoprotein lipase activity, and a compensatory higher contribution of nonesterified FA from adipose tissue in mothers with pBMI ≥30 could potentially lead to the observed outcomes. Metabolic differences regarding BMI variances may influence the FA availability for mammary gland triglyceride and PL synthesis. Therefore, in addition to dietary intake, maintaining a healthy maternal pBMI may improve the nutritional quality of human milk, ultimately supporting infants’ development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1818-1827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Based Diets and Cardiovascular Events: A Proteomics Approach to Examine the Underlying Pathways","authors":"Hyunju Kim ,&nbsp;Jingsha Chen ,&nbsp;Brenton Prescott ,&nbsp;Maura E Walker ,&nbsp;Morgan E Grams ,&nbsp;Bing Yu ,&nbsp;Ramachandran S Vasan ,&nbsp;James Floyd ,&nbsp;Nona Sotoodehnia ,&nbsp;Nicholas L Smith ,&nbsp;Dan E Arking ,&nbsp;Josef Coresh ,&nbsp;Casey M Rebholz","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Proteomics may improve our understanding of the biological pathways underlying these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Using large-scale proteomics, we aimed to examine if plant-based diet-related proteins, which have been previously identified, are associated with incident CVD and subtypes of CVD in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Discovery analyses were based on 9078 participants free of CVD at ARIC visit 3 (1993–1995). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the associations between plant-based diet-related proteins and incident CVD, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke. Replication analyses were based on 1279 participants without CVD in the FHS Offspring cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the ARIC study, over a median follow-up of 21 y, there were 3167 CVD events. At a false discovery rate &lt;0.05, 26 of 73 plant-based diet-related proteins were significantly associated with incident CVD, after adjusting for important confounders. Eighteen, 1, and 0 proteins were associated with heart failure, stroke, and coronary artery disease, respectively. Three and 2 additional proteins were associated with CVD and heart failure risk in the FHS Offspring cohort at the nominal threshold (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In the ARIC Study and FHS Offspring cohort, soluble advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor was inversely associated with incident CVD whereas thrombospondin-2 (THBS2) and N-terminal pro-BNP was positively associated with incident CVD. THBS2 was positively associated with incident heart failure, whereas neuronal growth factor regulator 1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 was inversely associated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These proteins highlight several pathways that could explain plant-based diets–CVD associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1741-1750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet Quality Trajectories From Infancy to Young Adulthood: The Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP) Study","authors":"Saija Tarro ,&nbsp;Jussi Vahtera ,&nbsp;Jaana Pentti ,&nbsp;Harri Niinikoski ,&nbsp;Olli Raitakari ,&nbsp;Tapani Rönnemaa ,&nbsp;Jorma Viikari ,&nbsp;Katja Pahkala ,&nbsp;Hanna Lagström","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Stability in dietary habits has been observed during childhood and adolescence, but their stability from infancy to adulthood is less known.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our aim was to identify latent diet quality trajectories from age 1 to 18 y and to examine their association with diet quality at age 26 y.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 620 participants from the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project, initiated in infancy. Food and nutrient intake were assessed annually from age 1 to 18 y and again at age 26 y using food records. A food-based diet score (range: 0–33) was calculated to indicate diet quality. Group-based modeling was used to model trajectories of diet quality between the ages of 1 and 18 y. Logistic regression analysis examined associations of childhood sociodemographic characteristics with diet trajectories. Linear regression analyses investigated associations between the observed developmental diet quality trajectory groups and diet quality at age 26 y, adjusted for adulthood sociodemographic characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From age 1 to 18 y, 5 diet quality trajectory groups were identified: low (19% of participants), decreasing (25%), increasing (15%), intermediate (31%), and high (10%). Throughout the follow-up period, the diet score remained at 20–22 in the high diet quality trajectory group and at 11–13 in the low diet quality trajectory group. The diet quality trajectory groups predicted diet quality at age 26 y (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The adjusted mean difference in adulthood diet score between the low and high diet trajectory groups was 3.6 (95% CI: 1.5, 5.7). Notably, participants in the intervention group had higher scores than controls across all trajectories and throughout the entire follow-up period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The 5 distinct diet quality trajectory groups from infancy to adulthood highlight a clear difference between the highest and lowest diet quality groups. The findings suggest that dietary habits established in early childhood remain moderately stable into early adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1923-1932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Intact Parathyroid Hormone as Functional Biomarkers of Bone Mass in Early Childhood","authors":"Karen M O’Callaghan ,&nbsp;Celine Funk ,&nbsp;Farzana Fariha ,&nbsp;Marium H Nagaria ,&nbsp;Alison Dasiewicz ,&nbsp;Jennifer Harrington ,&nbsp;Abdullah Al Mahmud ,&nbsp;Steven A Abrams ,&nbsp;Tahmeed Ahmed ,&nbsp;Daniel R Moore ,&nbsp;Daniel E Roth","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration at which parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration plateaus has been considered to benchmark vitamin D deficiency. However, in young children, there is limited evidence for a suppression point in the 25(OH)D–PTH relationship or its relevance to bone mass accrual.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine whether the threshold of 25(OH)D at PTH suppression in young children is corroborated by associations of 25(OH)D (or PTH) with bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from the BONe and mUScle health in Kids (BONUSKids) study of 4-y-old children in Bangladesh, serum 25(OH)D and intact PTH (iPTH) were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and a chemiluminescent immunoassay, respectively. BMC and aBMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Associations between 25(OH)D, iPTH, and bone outcomes (BMC, BMC z-score, aBMD, and aBMD z-score) were modeled using multivariable-adjusted linear regression and spline models. Model fit was compared using Akaike’s Information Criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 534 participants (51% female), 28% had 25(OH)D concentrations &lt;25 nmol/L and 34% had iPTH &gt;6.7 pmol/L. Model fit of the inverse relationship between 25(OH)D and iPTH was optimized with an inflection point at 25 nmol/L [&lt;25 nmol/L: −0.16 pmol/L per 1 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.22, −0.10; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), above which the slope attenuated (≥25 nmol/L: –0.02 pmol/L; 95% CI: −0.04, −0.003; <em>P</em> = 0.019]. However, the positive linear associations between 25(OH)D and bone mass outcomes were monotonic (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and iPTH was not associated with any bone outcome in adjusted models (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05 for all). Associations were similar in males and females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Among 4-y-old children in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we did not identify a 25(OH)D threshold to define vitamin D deficiency based on its association with bone mass. However, efforts to raise 25(OH)D to ≥25 nmol/L may be warranted based on the relatively strong inverse association of 25(OH)D with iPTH below this threshold.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as #NCT03537443.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1782-1794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cafeteria Diet–Induced Obesity Alters Uterine Function by Disrupting Insulin and Sex Steroid Actions in Rats","authors":"Divya Srinivasan ,&nbsp;Harini Raghavendhira ,&nbsp;Mohammad Zafar Iqbal Khan ,&nbsp;Saranya Kannan ,&nbsp;Ravi Sankar Bhaskaran","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The cafeteria diet (CAFD) model leads to obesity in rats, disrupting glucose metabolism, hormonal balance, and ovarian function, which results in macrosomic offspring. Insulin and ovarian hormones are essential for uterine growth, but there is limited research on how CAFD-induced obesity affects uterine function by modulating hormonal concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess how CAFD-induced obesity impacts uterine function in adult female rats by analyzing concentration of ovarian steroids and insulin,along with uterine responses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Postweaning female Sprague–Dawley rats (22 d), were divided into a control group fed pelleted rat chow and an obese group fed energy-dense snacks (CAFD) and pelleted rat chow for 32 wk. Body weight, food intake, energy intake, and estrous cycles were monitored during the experiment. After the experimental period, the uterine tissues were evaluated histologically, and protein expression was analyzed using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Serum hormone concentrations were assessed by ELISA, and uterine oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidase, and vitamin C) were measured using spectrophotometric methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CAFD-fed rats exhibited increased body weight, BMI, and abdominal girth, along with hyperglycemia, extended estrous cycles averaging 8.9 d and 40% reduction in uterine weight (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was elevated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), with a significant increase in uterine cell proliferation. Obese rats showed lower concentrations of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and vitamin C, whereas concentrations of lipid peroxidase and catalase were higher in uteri (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Exposure to CAFD significantly reduced serum concentrations of prolactin, progesterone, and estradiol. Moreover, progesterone receptor and its target molecules (Indian hedgehog homolog, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ, and prolactin receptor) were upregulated, whereas estrogen receptor-α (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and its responsive molecules (vascular endothelial growth factor and homeobox A11) were downregulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Consumption of CAFD causes obesity, which reduces ovarian steroid and insulin secretion and increases oxidative stress in the rat uterus, altering the expression of key molecules vital for uterine function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1859-1869"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Use of Iron and Hematologic Indicators for Surveillance of Iron Deficiency in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women in the United States","authors":"Anne M Williams ,&nbsp;Nicole D Ford ,&nbsp;Maria Elena D Jefferds ,&nbsp;Andrea J Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Clinical data, such as electronic health records, may be useful for iron deficiency (ID) surveillance.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our objective was to compare iron and hematologic indicators commonly measured in clinical settings to the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended iron indicator, serum ferritin (SF), to assess ID among a population of adult women aged 20–44 y.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluated sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of iron and hematologic indicators commonly measured in clinical settings for ID: hemoglobin (Hb) &lt;120 g/L (nonpregnant), Hb &lt;110 g/L or &lt;105 g/L (pregnant, depending on trimester); mean corpuscular volume (MCV) &lt;80 fL; serum iron &lt;40 μg/dL; total iron binding capacity (TIBC) &gt;400 μg/dL; transferrin saturation (TSAT) &lt;15%, compared with a reference (SF &lt;30 μg/L for pregnant women and inflammation-adjusted SF &lt;15 μg/L for nonpregnant women) using the United States NHANES 2003–2006 and 2017–2018.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among pregnant women (<em>n</em> = 730), sensitivity ranged from 8.1% (MCV) to 87.2% (TIBC), and specificity ranged from 63.0% (TIBC) to 97.5% (MCV), and area under the ROC curve ranged from 0.553 (MCV) to 0.816 (TIBC). Among nonpregnant women (<em>n</em> = 3345), sensitivity ranged from 32.1% (MCV) to 71.9% (TSAT), specificity ranged from 85.7% (TIBC) to 96.1% (Hb), and area under the ROC curve ranged from 0.785 (MCV) to 0.853 (TSAT). ID prevalence using clinical indicators varied widely compared with prevalence using SF. Among pregnant women, ID prevalence ranged from 6.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6, 9.7) (MCV) to 51.8% (95% CI: 46.0, 57.5) (TIBC), compared with 47.0% (95% CI: 39.5, 54.5) using SF. Among nonpregnant women, prevalence of ID using clinical indicators ranged from 6.4% (95% CI: 5.4, 7.3) (MCV) to 24.7% (95% CI: 22.4, 26.9) (TSAT), compared with 15.1% (95% CI: 13.4, 16.6) using SF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Iron and hematologic indicators routinely used in clinical settings can under- or overestimate ID, suggesting that they are not ideal for ID surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1978-1986"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Gastrointestinal Microbiota‒Host Co-oscillation Patterns for Improving Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Ruminants: A Review","authors":"Jinzhen Jiao ,&nbsp;Yechan Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhiliang Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in ruminant livestock is vital for feeding a growing global population and lowering environmental pollution. The rumen and intestine harbor distinct epithelial structures and biogeographically stratified microbiota, and their co-oscillation assemblage patterns fulfill the pivotal role of metabolizing dietary nitrogen into bioavailable nutrients in ruminants. There is cursory evidence to suggest that an increased understanding of the spatial gastrointestinal microbiota‒host interactions will aid in the development of nutritional strategies to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency. In this review, we first explore the current knowledge on the processes of protein degradation, microbial protein synthesis, and urea nitrogen salvage in ruminal microorganisms and the epithelium. Second, we summarize the mechanisms of microbiota‒host interplay with regard to the amino acid utilization process in the intestine. Finally, we discuss the most pertinent and promising manipulation strategies that have emerged to balance food security and environmental impacts. In this review, we highlight the significance of leveraging gastrointestinal microbiota‒host co-oscillation patterns to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency, and put forward perspectives for future research opportunities that precisely target this coordinated interplay in the nitrogen metabolic network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1663-1676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Food Expenditure Patterns of the Nutrition Transition in Ghana and Differences by Fish and Seafood Diversity","authors":"Zachary P Gersten ,&nbsp;Ana Baylin ,&nbsp;Erica C Jansen ,&nbsp;Daniel B Sarpong ,&nbsp;Andrew D Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diets are changing in low- and middle-income countries in concert with the nutrition transition. National dietary patterns have yet to be established in Ghana, and previous studies present conflicting results on which patterns contain fish and seafood—a highly consumed and diverse food group.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to establish national food expenditure patterns in Ghana and assess their relationships with socioeconomic variables. We further sought to assess differences in these patterns after disaggregating fish and seafood into 10 subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed nationally representative cross-sectional household food expenditure and socioeconomic data from 13,782 households that were collected for 2016–2017 for the seventh round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey. We used principal component analysis to identify food expenditure patterns and multivariable regression models to explore relationships between patterns and household socioeconomic characteristics. We repeated the analysis after disaggregating fish and seafood into 10 subgroups using information on taxonomic population (e.g., species) and ecosystem source (e.g., marine or freshwater).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found a “traditional” pattern of starchy staples, fruits, vegetables, and fish and seafood, a “processed foods” pattern of refined grains, processed meats, dairy, and sweets, and a “food away from home (FAFH)” pattern of mixed dishes prepared in restaurants. Head of household age, female sex, and households with a pregnant female or children &lt;5 y were positively associated with the “traditional” pattern but negatively associated with the “FAFH” pattern. After disaggregating fish and seafood, we found that freshwater fishes loaded positively in the “traditional” pattern, and sardines, a canned marine fish, loaded positively in the “processed foods” pattern.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The 3 national food expenditure patterns, “traditional,” “processed foods,” and “FAFH,” aligned with the nutrition transition. Disaggregating fish and seafood into subgroups yielded more specific information on the food expenditure patterns to which they belong.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1878-1885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of Fructose Mediated De Novo Lipogenesis Coexists with the Upregulation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Function in Mice Livers","authors":"Parama Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Ayeesha Fadlaoui ,&nbsp;Caitlin E Ryan ,&nbsp;Courtney B Carlson ,&nbsp;Daoning Zhang ,&nbsp;Nishanth E Sunny","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dysfunctional mitochondrial metabolism and sustained <em>de novo</em> lipogenesis (DNL) are characteristics of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a comorbidity of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Fructose, a common sweetener and a potent inducer of lipogenesis, contributes to the etiology of MASLD.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our goal was to determine whether higher rates of DNL, through its biochemical relationships with mitochondria, can contribute to dysfunctional induction of oxidative networks in the liver.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male C57BL/6JN mice were given a low-fat (10% fat kcal, 49.9% corn starch kcal), high-fat (HF; 60% fat kcal), or HF/high-fructose diet (HF/HFr; 25% fat kcal, 34.9% fructose kcal) for 24 wk. In a follow-up study, mice on normal feed pellets were provided either 30% fructose in drinking water (FW) to induce hepatic DNL or regular water (NW) for 14 d. Hepatic mitochondria and liver tissue were used to determine oxygen consumption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, and gene/protein expression profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hepatic steatosis remained similar between HF and HF/HFr fed mice livers. However, lipogenic and lipid oxidation gene expression profiles and the induction of TCA cycle metabolism were all higher (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05) in HF/HFr livers. Under fed conditions, the upregulation of DNL in FW livers occurred in concert with higher mitochondrial oxygen consumption (basal; 1.7 ± 0.21 compared with 3.3 ± 0.14 nmoles/min, <em>P</em> ≤ 0.05), higher ROS (0.87 ± 0.09 compared with 1.25 ± 0.12 μM, <em>P</em> ≤ 0.05) and higher flux through TCA cycle components <em>P</em> ≤0.05. Furthermore, TCA cycle activity and lipid oxidation remained higher during fasting in the FW livers <em>P</em> ≤ 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results show that fructose administration to mice led to the concurrent induction of mitochondrial oxidative networks and DNL in the liver. Sustained induction of both DNL and mitochondrial oxidative function could accelerate cellular stress and metabolic dysfunction during MASLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1768-1781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Insights into Dietary Bioactive Compounds and Major Depressive Disorders: Evidence from Animal Studies and Future Perspectives","authors":"Chwan-Li Shen ,&nbsp;Taha Hassan ,&nbsp;Peyton Presto ,&nbsp;Daniel Payberah ,&nbsp;Rodan Devega ,&nbsp;Sarah Wakefield ,&nbsp;Dale M Dunn ,&nbsp;Volker Neugebauer","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clinical depression, including major depressive disorder (MDD), is a chronic mental illness characterized by persistent sadness and indifference. Depression is associated with neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis in the brain, resulting in microglial overactivation, decreased neuronal and glial proliferation, monoamine depletion, structural abnormalities, and aberrant biochemical activity via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Recent studies have exhibited the role of dietary bioactive compounds in the mitigation of MDD progression. Here, in this narrative review, we reported the effects of commonly consumed bioactive compounds (curcumin, saffron, garlic, resveratrol, omega-3 fatty acids, ginger, blueberry, tea, and creatine) on MDD and MDD-related neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The evidence reviewed here is almost exclusively from animal studies and strongly suggests that these commonly consumed bioactive compounds have anti-MDD effects as shown in antidepression-like behaviors, such as increased immobility, sucrose preference, and social interaction. On the basis of the literature/studies reviewed, the proposed molecular mechanisms include <em>1</em>) the reduction of neuroinflammation activation and oxidative stress, <em>2</em>) the enhancement of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, <em>3</em>) the reduction of monoamine oxidase-A production, and <em>4</em>) the elevation of brain-derived neurotropic factor and neurogenesis. In the future, dietary bioactive compounds on clinical randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm the findings of preclinical efficacies using bioactive compounds in individuals with MDD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1583-1613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}