Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Modeling Vitamin D Fortification Scenarios for the Australian Population","authors":"Eleanor Dunlop ,&nbsp;Anita S Lawrence ,&nbsp;Belinda Neo ,&nbsp;Mairead Kiely ,&nbsp;Anna Rangan ,&nbsp;Caryl Nowson ,&nbsp;Paul Adorno ,&nbsp;Paul Atyeo ,&nbsp;Edoardo Tescari ,&nbsp;Daniel Russo-Batterham ,&nbsp;Kim Doyle ,&nbsp;Lucinda J Black","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low vitamin D status (circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration &lt;50 nmol/L) is prevalent in Australia, and 95% of Australians have been estimated to have low vitamin D intake (mean range 1.8–3.2 <em>μ</em>g/d). Increasing the dietary supply of vitamin D could improve vitamin D status across the population.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We modeled 4 vitamin D fortification scenarios to support useful and safe fortification strategies for Australia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used cross-sectional food consumption data from the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (<em>n</em> = 12,153 aged 2–85 y) and analytical food composition data. Scenario 1 modeled the systematic addition of the maximum permitted amount of vitamin D to all foods for which vitamin D fortification is mandated (edible oil spreads) or optional (dairy products/plant-based alternatives, formulated beverages, permitted ready-to-eat breakfast cereals). Scenarios 2–4 modeled the addition of vitamin D to edible oil spreads and fluid milk/alternatives at higher concentrations than permitted and the addition of the maximum permitted amount to scenario 2, dairy products/alternatives other than fluid milk, formulated beverages; scenario 3: scenario 2 plus eligible ready-to-eat breakfast cereals; scenario 4: scenario 3 plus bread (not permitted for vitamin D fortification in Australia). We used the National Cancer Institute method to model the usual intake of vitamin D for each scenario by sex and age group. Dietary adequacy and safety were assessed using the North American Estimated Average Requirement (10 <em>μ</em>g/d) and the Australian upper level of intake (80 <em>μ</em>g/d).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Under scenarios 1–4, respectively, the projected proportion of Australians with vitamin D intake &lt;10 <em>μ</em>g/d was 80%, 84%, 73%, and 60%. No participant exceeded the upper level of intake under any scenario.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A systematic fortification strategy could support a nutritionally meaningful improvement in vitamin D intake across the Australian population. An optimal strategy would require amendments to the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 890-898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Low-Calorie Sweeteners with Selected Circulating Biomarkers of Intestinal Permeability in the Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Substudy.","authors":"Xinyu Zhu, Allison C Sylvetsky, Marjorie L McCullough, Jean A Welsh, Terryl J Hartman, Erin P Ferranti, Caroline Y Um","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) are popular sugar substitutes and have been shown to alter the gut microbiota, which raises concerns about potential impacts on intestinal permeability.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine cross-sectional associations between LCS consumption and circulating biomarkers of intestinal permeability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 572 United States adults participating in the Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Substudy who provided ≤2 fasting blood samples, collected 6 mo apart, to measure biomarkers of intestinal permeability including antibodies to flagellin (anti-flagellin), lipopolysaccharide (anti-LPS), and total antibodies; and ≤6 24-h dietary recalls, collected over the course of 12 mo, to estimate average intake of LCS including aspartame, sucralose, acesulfame-potassium, and saccharin. Multivariable linear regression, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and medical history, was used to examine associations between LCS consumption and levels of intestinal permeability biomarkers by comparing mean differences in biomarkers among lower (>0 to ≤50th percentile) (n = 158) and higher (>50th percentile) LCS consumers (n = 157) than nonconsumers. A linear trend across nonconsumers and the 2 consumption categories was evaluated using a continuous variable based on the median LCS intake (median = 0, 11.3, and 124.2 mg/d for non-, lower, and higher consumers, respectively).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 572 study participants, the mean age was 52.5 y, 63.3% were female, 60.7% were on-Hispanic White, and 55.1% reported consuming LCS-containing products. Greater LCS consumption was not associated with anti-flagellin, anti-LPS, or total antibodies. Additionally, no associations between specific types of LCS and intestinal permeability biomarkers were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of our study did not demonstrate an association between LCS consumption and intestinal permeability biomarkers. Further research with larger sample sizes and randomized controlled trials is needed to confirm our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative Artificial Intelligence in Nutrition: A Revolution in Accessibility and Personalization","authors":"Nicola Pugliese ,&nbsp;Federico Ravaioli","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 667-668"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eggs, Dietary Choline, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Framingham Heart Study","authors":"Ioanna Yiannakou ,&nbsp;Michelle T Long ,&nbsp;Paul F Jacques ,&nbsp;Alexa Beiser ,&nbsp;Richard T Pickering ,&nbsp;Lynn L Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Eggs are rich in bioactive compounds, including choline and carotenoids that may benefit cardiometabolic outcomes. However, little is known about their relationship with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We investigated the association between intakes of eggs and selected egg-rich nutrients (choline, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and NAFLD risk and changes in liver fat over ∼6 y of follow-up in the Framingham Offspring and Third Generation cohorts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>On 2 separate occasions (2002–2005 and 2008–2011), liver fat was assessed using a computed tomography scan to estimate the average liver fat attenuation relative to a control phantom to create the liver phantom ratio (LPR). In 2008–2011, cases of incident NAFLD were identified as an LPR ≤0.33 in the absence of heavy alcohol use, after excluding prevalent NAFLD (LPR ≤0.33) in 2002–2005. Food frequency questionnaires were used to estimate egg intakes (classified as &lt;1, 1, and ≥2 per week), dietary choline (adjusted for body weight using the residual method), and the combined intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin. Multivariable modified Poisson regression and general linear models were used to compute incident risk ratios (RR) of NAFLD and adjusted mean annualized liver fat change.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>NAFLD cumulative incidence was 19% among a total of 1414 participants. We observed no associations between egg intake or the combined intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin with an incident NAFLD risk or liver fat change. Other diet and cardiometabolic risk factors did not modify the association between egg intake and NAFLD risk. However, dietary choline intakes were inversely associated with NAFLD risk (RR for tertile 3 compared with tertile 1: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.94).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although egg intake was not directly associated with NAFLD risk, eggs are a major source of dietary choline, which was strongly inversely associated with NAFLD risk in this community-based cohort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 923-935"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Premeal Pistachio Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Asian Indian Adults with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Karthikeyan Ashwini ,&nbsp;Kuzhandhaivelu Abirami ,&nbsp;Rajagopal Gayathri ,&nbsp;Sekar Sasikala ,&nbsp;Vasudevan Sudha ,&nbsp;Shanmugam Shobana ,&nbsp;Raman Ganesh Jeevan ,&nbsp;Kamala Krishnaswamy ,&nbsp;Vadivelu Deepika ,&nbsp;Marimuthu Rajalakshmi ,&nbsp;Mookambika Ramya Bai R ,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Parkavi ,&nbsp;Soundararajan Padmavathi ,&nbsp;Ranjit Mohan Anjana ,&nbsp;Ranjit Unnikrishnan ,&nbsp;Frank B Hu ,&nbsp;Walter C Willett ,&nbsp;Jordi Salas-Salvadó ,&nbsp;Shilpa N Bhupathiraju ,&nbsp;Viswanathan Mohan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Asian Indians are susceptible to developing type 2 diabetes at a lower age and often consume diets that are high in glycemic load and low in healthy fats.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 30 g prebreakfast and 30 g predinner supplementation of pistachios for 12 wk on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), other glycemic markers, anthropometry, and lipid profile of Asian Indians with prediabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a 12-wk parallel arm, randomized controlled trial, we recruited 120 participants with prediabetes based on American Diabetes Association criteria. The intervention group (<em>n</em> = 60) consumed 60 g pistachios (30 g prebreakfast and predinner) whereas the control group (<em>n</em> = 60) followed a routine diet that excluded nuts. At baseline and 12 wk, we collected blood samples for biochemical analysis, anthropometrics, and 24-h recalls. Participants wore a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor during the trial’s first and last 2 wk. Urinary <em>N</em>-methyl-<em>trans</em>-4-hydroxy-<span>l</span>-proline (MHP) was measured as a marker of pistachio consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 109 participants completed the study (follow-up rate = 90.8%). Compared with participants in the control group, those in the intervention group had significant reductions in HbA1c (mean between-group difference: −0.2; 95% confidence interval: −0.3, −0.1; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001] with no significant changes in fasting or 2-h post glucose load plasma glucose. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had significant reductions in serum triglyceride, waist circumference, lipid accumulation product, visceral adiposity index, and atherogenic index. Urinary MHP (mg/g creatinine) showed a 62% increase in the intervention compared with the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). CGM data revealed significant decreases in the incremental area under the curve, 2-h after breakfast (28%, p=0.01) and after dinner (17%, <em>P</em> = 0.002) in the intervention group compared to the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A 12-wk, premeal load of 60 g pistachios lowers HbA1c and improves cardiometabolic profile among Asian Indians with prediabetes. This is among the first studies to investigate these effects in this ethnic group.</div><div>This study was registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India as CTRI/2020/11/029340.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 899-909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mice Born to Mothers Fed a Diet High in Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Low in Omega-3 Fatty Acids During Pregnancy Exhibit Various Behavioral Changes Including Impaired Social Behaviors and Enhanced Recognition Memory","authors":"Nobuyuki Sakayori ,&nbsp;Kazuki Fujii ,&nbsp;Masanori Katakura ,&nbsp;Mayumi Adachi ,&nbsp;Yumie Koshidaka ,&nbsp;Keizo Takao ,&nbsp;Makoto Sugita","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Modern dietary trends have led to an increase in foods that are relatively high in <em>n</em>–6 PUFAs and low in <em>n</em>–3 PUFAs. We previously reported that the offspring of mother mice that consumed a diet high in <em>n</em>–6 linoleic acid (LA) and low in <em>n</em>–3 α-linolenic acid (ALA), hereinafter called the LA^high/ALA^low diet, exhibited behavioral abnormalities related to anxiety and feeding.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We currently lack a comprehensive overview of the behavioral abnormalities in these offspring, which was investigated in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>C57BL/6J virgin female mice at 11 wk of age were fed either a control diet or the LA^high/ALA^low diet, mated at 13 wk of age, and maintained on their respective diet throughout gestation. At birth, the lactating mothers’ diet was replaced with standard laboratory feed pellets. After weaning, the offspring continued to receive standard laboratory feed pellets, and both male and female offspring at 1–63 wk of age were analyzed using a comprehensive behavioral test battery (<em>n</em> = 6–14 offspring/group and offspring in each group were derived from ≥3 independent litters).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both male and female offspring exposed in utero to the LA^high/ALA^low diet exhibited impaired social behaviors, including the lower number of contacts with novel mice in the social interaction test [diet, <em>F</em>_(1,15) = 9.807, <em>P</em> = 0.007, 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)], and also showed enhanced recognition memory in the object location test (diet, <em>F</em>_(1,36) = 6.779, <em>P</em> = 0.013, 2-way ANOVA) compared with offspring exposed in utero to the control diet. In addition, compared with sex-matched controls, female offspring displayed hyperactivity in the open field test (<em>F</em>_(1,36) = 6.097, <em>P</em> = 0.018, simple main effect analysis).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The maternal balance between dietary <em>n</em>–6 and <em>n</em>–3 PUFAs during pregnancy can have significant effects on the offspring’s behaviors, lasting well into adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 775-787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern: A High-Salt Diet Further Impairs Age-Associated Declines in Cognitive, Behavioral, and Cardiovascular Functions in Male Fischer Brown Norway Rats [The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 143, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 1406-1413].","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"1008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Blueberry before and/or after Exposure to High Energy and Charge Particle Radiation Attenuates Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, Glial Cell Activation, and Memory Deficits in Rats","authors":"Danielle S Cahoon ,&nbsp;Derek R Fisher ,&nbsp;Tong Zheng ,&nbsp;Stefania Lamon-Fava ,&nbsp;Dayong Wu ,&nbsp;Bernard M Rabin ,&nbsp;Barbara Shukitt-Hale","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute neuroinflammatory and oxidative-stress (OS)-inducing stressors, such as high energy and charge (HZE) particle irradiation, produce accelerated aging in the brain. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant foods, such as blueberries (BB), attenuate neuronal and cognitive deficits when administered to rodents before or both before and after HZE particle exposure. However, the effects of post-stressor treatments are unknown and may be important to repair initial damage and prevent progressive neurodegeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study assessed the differential efficacy and mechanistic targets of a BB-supplemented diet before and/or after HZE particle irradiation on neuroinflammation, OS, glial cell activation, and memory deficits.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (<em>n =</em> 120) consumed a 2% BB or control diet for 45 d. Rats were whole-body irradiated (150 cGy ⁵⁶Fe) or were not irradiated, followed by a 45-d post-treatment interval in which they were fed a 2% BB or control diet. The novel object recognition (NOR) test was performed at the end of the post-treatment interval to evaluate memory. Biomarkers of neuroinflammation, OS, and glial cell activity were evaluated in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of rat brains after euthanasia. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance, t-tests, and Pearson correlations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pre- and/or post-irradiation BB treatments were similarly effective at reducing ⁵⁶Fe-induced recognition memory deficits on the NOR and the protein and/or mRNA expression of neuroinflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-ɑ, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, phosphorylated IκB-α), 1 mediator of OS (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH] oxidase-2), and markers for microglia and astrocyte activity (CD68 and glial fibrillary acidic protein) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats 45 d post-irradiation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings support the use of dietary post-treatments with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to attenuate biochemical changes in the brain and memory deficits after acute neuroinflammatory/OS-inducing stressors, in addition to having protective benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 690-702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pine (Pinus koraiensis) Nut Oil Ameliorates Cholesterol Homeostasis and Inflammation via Modulating the miR-34a/122 Pathways in the Liver of Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet","authors":"Yunji Lee ,&nbsp;Mak-Soon Lee ,&nbsp;Jumi Lee ,&nbsp;In-Hwan Kim ,&nbsp;Yangha Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pine (<em>Pinus koraiensis</em>) nut oil (PNO) has been reported to have various beneficial effects on hepatic triglyceride accumulation and atherosclerosis in animal models. MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in various diseases by modulating physiological processes. However, the mechanism underlying PNO’s effects on the regulation of miRs involved in hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated the effects of PNO on the regulation of the miR-34a/122 pathways involved in cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation in the liver using a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) rat model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Six-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 8/group) and provided with <em>1</em>) a cholesterol-free diet, <em>2</em>) an HCD containing 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid, or <em>3</em>) an HCD containing 5% PNO for 4 wk. Lipid analysis of serum and liver, histological evaluation, and analysis of gene and protein expression were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PNO supplementation in HCD improved hepatic lipid profiles and elevated serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with the HCD group. PNO significantly upregulated hepatic gene expression levels of liver X receptor α and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1/G1, which are involved in cholesterol efflux (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Gene expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were downregulated by PNO (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). PNO also suppressed TNF-α and IL-6 protein levels by 22.3% and 17.3%, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). PNO reduced hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B activity by 16.4% and decreased nitric oxide production in the liver and serum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, hepatic miR-34a and miR-122 expressions decreased by 16.4% and 15.7% by PNO, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that PNO may affect cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation, which are partially associated with the miR-34a/122 pathways in the liver under an HCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 871-879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary Bile Acid Derivatives Are Contributors to the Fecal Bile Acid Pool and Associated With Bile Acid–Modulating Nutrients","authors":"Patricia G Wolf ,&nbsp;Caitlin Welsh ,&nbsp;Briawna Binion ,&nbsp;Hanchu Dai ,&nbsp;Manoela Lima Oliveira ,&nbsp;Alyshia Hamm ,&nbsp;Sarah Goldberg ,&nbsp;Pius Sarfo Buobu ,&nbsp;Teresa Schering ,&nbsp;Sevasti Vergis ,&nbsp;Nicollette Kessee ,&nbsp;Sandra L Gomez ,&nbsp;Cemal Yazici ,&nbsp;Mark Maienschein-Cline ,&nbsp;Doratha A Byrd ,&nbsp;H Rex Gaskins ,&nbsp;Jason M. Ridlon ,&nbsp;Ece Mutlu ,&nbsp;Chris Greening ,&nbsp;Lisa Tussing-Humphreys","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids (BAs) is linked with cancer development. However, derivatives of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) produced via bacterial metabolism may mitigate the proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of hydrophobic BAs. The impact of diet on secondary BA derivative production has not been determined.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to study the associations between BA-modulating nutrients and the composition of secondary BAs and their derivatives.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Stool and blood were collected from 138 participants aged 45–75 y that self-identified as Black or non-Hispanic White. BAs were extracted from stool and serum and quantified using LC/ESI-MS/MS. Energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, and specific dietary nutrients were estimated from two 24-h diet recalls. The abundance of genes for microbial BA metabolism was assessed from stool metagenomes. Kendall τ correlation and regression-based modeling were performed to determine associations between BA categories, microbial genes, and select energy-adjusted dietary variables (alcohol, calcium, coffee, fiber, fat, and protein).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants had a mean age of 60 y and a mean BMI of 31 kg/m². BA derivatives were present in all participant stools, with lagodeoxycholic acid being the most abundant derivative quantified. Analysis of stool microbial metagenomes revealed the presence of genes for secondary BA derivative production in all participants. Protein is positively associated with the accumulation of secondary BAs. monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)s were negatively associated with high abundant derivatives of DCA in regression models. Total fiber and coffee intake were positively correlated with increased conversion of BAs to derivatives. Race and smoking status were significant predictors of associations between dietary variables and BA derivatives.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Protein, MUFAs, total fiber and coffee are significantly associated with concentrations of secondary BAs and their derivatives. Future work should account for social and structural influences on dietary intake and its relationship with BA-elicited cancer risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 826-838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}