Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the vital role of microbiota metabolites in early-life health.","authors":"Baoyi Zhang, Yingying Lin, Sijia Song, Huiyuan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early-life gut microbiota metabolites profoundly influence gut homeostasis, neurodevelopment, metabolic regulation, and immune system maturation. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive summaries and discussions regarding gut microbiota metabolites during early life stages. This review systematically analyzes microbiota metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), secondary bile acids (SBAs), tryptophan metabolites (Trp-met), and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), and delves into their production mechanisms and temporal dynamics. Additionally, the review highlights how maternal factors, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and environmental influences shape the composition and metabolic functions of the early-life gut microbiota, emphasizing that early life is a crucial window for lifelong health interventions. By integrating the latest research findings and identifying knowledge gaps, this review emphasizes the molecular mechanisms of gut microbiota metabolites and their role in addressing common early-life diseases, including their potential as early biomarkers for screening, prevention, improvement, and even treatment of early diseases, as well as predicting their potential related diseases. Based on these insights, this review lays the foundation for future research and practical applications, aiming to promote optimal health from infancy to childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the use of iron and hematologic indicators for surveillance of iron deficiency in pregnant and non-pregnant women in the United States.","authors":"Anne M Williams, Nicole D Ford, Maria Elena D Jefferds, Andrea J Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical data, such as electronic health records, may be useful for iron deficiency (ID) surveillance. Our objective was to compare iron and hematologic indicators commonly measured in clinical settings to the WHO-recommended iron indicator, serum ferritin (SF), to assess ID among a population of adult women (20-44y).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of iron and hematologic indicators commonly measured in clinical settings for ID: hemoglobin, Hb <120 g/L (non-pregnant), Hb <110 g/L or <105 g/L (pregnant, depending on trimester); mean corpuscular volume, MCV <80 fl; serum iron <40 μg/dL; total iron binding capacity, TIBC >400 μg/dL; transferrin saturation, TSAT <15%, compared to a reference (SF <30 μg/L for pregnant women and inflammation-adjusted SF <15 μg/L for non-pregnant women) using the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006 and 2017-2018.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among pregnant women (n = 730), sensitivity ranged from 8.1% (MCV) to 87.2% (TIBC), and specificity ranged from 63.0% (TIBC) to 97.5% (MCV), and area under the ROC curve ranged from 0.553 (MCV) to 0.816 (TIBC). Among non-pregnant women (n = 3,345), sensitivity ranged from 32.1% (MCV) to 71.9% (TSAT), specificity ranged from 85.7% (TIBC) to 96.1% (Hb), and area under the ROC curve ranged from 0.785 (MCV) to 0.853 (TSAT). ID prevalence using clinical indicators varied widely compared to prevalence using SF. Among pregnant women, ID prevalence ranged from 6.7% (95% CI: 3.6-9.7) (MCV) to 51.8% (95% CI: 46.0-57.5) (TIBC), compared to 47.0% (95% CI: 39.5-54.5) using SF. Among non-pregnant women, prevalence of ID using clinical indicators ranged from 6.4% (95% CI: 5.4-7.3) (MCV) to 24.7% (95% CI: 22.4-26.9) (TSAT), compared to 15.1% (95% CI: 13.4-16.6) using SF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Iron and hematologic indicators routinely used in clinical settings can under- or overestimate ID suggesting that they are not ideal for ID surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary polyphenol intake and risk of overall and site-specific cancers: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.","authors":"Madoka Kishino, Rieko Kanehara, Nagisa Mori, Junko Ishihara, Ribeka Takachi, Taiki Yamaji, Motoki Iwasaki, Shoichiro Tsugane, Norie Sawada","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polyphenols may play a protective role in carcinogenesis through a wide range of properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. However, evidence for the association between total dietary polyphenol intake and cancer risk in Asian populations is limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This population-based prospective study aimed to investigate the association between polyphenol intake and risk of overall and site-specific cancer among Japanese.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 41,907 men and 48,268 women aged 45-74 years with no previous cancer diagnosis in the Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) Prospective Study. Dietary polyphenol intake was estimated by a 147-item food frequency questionnaire administered in 1995-1998. Participants were divided into quintiles (Q) according to intakes of total polyphenol and polyphenol from foods not including high-polyphenolic beverages (tea, coffee, and alcoholic beverages). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer risk were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median of 15.8 years of follow-up, 12,970 incident cancer cases (7,999 men and 4,971 women) were identified. We did not observe associations of lower risk of overall cancer with polyphenol intake. For site-specific cancers, as compared with the lowest quintile (Q1), higher total polyphenol intake was associated with a lower risk of liver cancer in men (HR_Q4=0.67, 95% CI=0.51-0.89; HR_Q5=0.66, 95% CI=0.48-0.89, p-trend=0.003) and women (HR_Q5=0.63, 95% CI=0.39-1.02, p-trend=0.003), while higher polyphenol intake from foods not including tea, coffee and alcoholic beverages was associated with a lower risk of colon cancer in men (HR_Q4=0.73, 95% CI=0.58-0.92; HR_Q5=0.72, 95% CI=0.54-0.96, p-trend=0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the present study do not support a substantial role for dietary polyphenols in overall cancer prevention. Total polyphenol may reduce the risk of liver cancer, and polyphenol from foods not including tea, coffee, and alcoholic beverages may reduce the risk of colon cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A large-scale nutrition- and gender-sensitive poultry market-based program did not improve maternal and child diets in rural Burkina Faso: A cluster-randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Elodie Becquey, Loty Diop, Ampa D Diatta, Abdoulaye Pedehombga, Josue Awonon, Rasmane Ganaba, Aulo Gelli","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Livestock production interventions can improve consumption of animal-source foods and diet diversity, which may lead to improved micronutrient adequacy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We assessed the effectiveness on maternal and child dietary outcomes of SELEVER, a livestock intervention designed to improve diets in rural Burkina Faso through training and market facilitation to improve poultry production; women's empowerment activities; and nutrition and hygiene behavior change communication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For a nonblinded cluster-randomized controlled trial, we randomly assigned 30 communes to SELEVER and 30 communes to control, of which 15 communes served as control for a narrow sample. Fifteen households were randomly selected in two villages per commune; of which 12 were included in the narrow sample. In the wide sample, we used ANCOVA to assess SELEVER's effectiveness on dietary diversity in index children aged 2-4 years at baseline and in their caregivers, and on minimum acceptable diet in their siblings aged 6-23 months at measurement. In the narrow sample, we used difference-in-difference to assess SELEVER's effectiveness on vitamin A, iron, and zinc prevalence of adequate intakes (PA) and mean PA of 11 micronutrients in index children and caregivers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 1,767 index children, 1,766 caregivers and 412 siblings aged 6-23 months at endline in the wide sample, and 1,054 caregiver-child dyads in the narrow sample. In the wide sample, exposure to program activities was higher but moderate in SELEVER communities, with limited effects on dietary knowledge and practices and no effects on diet outcomes. The narrow sample showed a negative effect on zinc PA in children (-26 percentage points, P=0.020), and no effect on other outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A program focused on improving the productivity of and demand for nutritious foods did not improve micronutrient adequacy. Implementation strategy and bottlenecks may have limited the system transformations needed to produce measurable shifts toward healthier diets. The study was registered on the ISCRCTN registry (ISRCTN16686478); details are available at https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16686478.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of an Adapted Food Security Module for College Students with the USDA Adult Food Security Module.","authors":"Addy Musich, Amy Wolcott, Bailey A Munger, Brooke M Green, Jessica Warrick, Cade Kartchner, Kanae Lee, Jack Varnon, Rickelle Richards, Stephanie Grutzmacher, Nathan Stokes, Jinan Banna, Kendra OoNorasak, Matthew P Rabbitt, Jennifer A Jackson","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) 10-item Adult Food Security Survey Module (AFSSM) has not been validated in college students, raising concern about measuring food insecurity in this population. The objective of this study was to adapt and validate the 10-item AFSSM for use among college students. Researchers conducted a mixed methods study including individual- (n=20) and group- (n=13) cognitive interviews among students at three U.S. universities. Researchers independently evaluated interview data and met to discuss whether AFSSM adaptations were warranted. A Rasch model was used to evaluate psychometric validity of the official vs. adapted AFSSM among a sample (n=2,897) of students at four U.S. universities. In individual cognitive interviews, students were confused about the terms \"household\" and \"balanced meal\" and in differentiating between frugality and food insecurity. Nine items were revised and one item removed. In group cognitive interviews, students discussed non-financial factors impacting food insecurity and suggested wording changes. Seven items were changed. In the survey study, 35.4% were food insecure using the official AFSSM vs. 28.4% using the adapted AFSSM (p<0.05). The adapted AFSSM captured greater severity of food insecurity for several questions and changed the relative ordering of questions. Regardless of which wording was used, the questions on food not lasting and balanced meals captured different food insecurity prevalence than the general population. The official and adapted AFSSM provide psychometrically valid measures of food insecurity among college students, but adjustments may be required before making direct comparisons with food insecurity measures for the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early consumption of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni on rat females: actions on their fertility, progeny and behavior.","authors":"María Sol Kruse, Héctor Coirini, Mariana Rey","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The growing interest in healthy diets has led to increased consumption of natural products like stevia. Pregnant women, who often consume high amounts of non-caloric sweeteners, are particularly vulnerable. Given the limited health guidelines on stevia, evaluating its effects on this population and their offspring is essential.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assessed the impact of early, continuous exposure to an aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Asteraceae) on female rat reproductive health, anxiety, sexual behavior, and progeny outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female Sprague-Dawley rats (PND21) were assigned to a control group (CON, water) or a stevia group (STE). In Experiment 1, estrous cycles were monitored via vaginal smears (CON, n=6/assay; STE, n=14/assay). Anxiety-like behavior was assessed using the elevated plus maze test, and sexual behavior was evaluated through the partner preference test (CON, n=4/assay; STE, n=4/assay). Pregnancy rate, duration, litter size, sex ratio, and offspring survival were also assessed. In Experiment 2, stevia administration began 5, 10, 15, or 50 days before mating, and the same reproductive parameters were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using a Student's t-test, RM-ANOVA, and one-way ANOVA with Fisher's PLSD post-hoc test RESULTS: The STE group exhibited disrupted estrous cycles, reduced pregnancy rates, smaller litters (with notably fewer males). Body weight was significantly lower in the STE group during the third week of pregnancy. There were no significant differences in food or beverage intake. Behaviorally, the STE group showed decreased sexual partner preference, lower anxiety, and increased risk-assessment behavior. Prolonged pre-mating exposure to stevia was associated with extended pregnancy duration, smaller litters, and higher pup weights at PND1 CONCLUSIONS: Stevia disrupted fertility, reducing pregnancy rates, litter size, and male offspring, while extending gestation. Prolonged exposure worsened these effects, highlighting stevia's impact on reproduction and prenatal development. These findings underscore the need for improved health guidelines for vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory-enhancing effects of daidzin, possibly through dopaminergic and AChEergic dependent pathways.","authors":"Muhammad Torequl Islam, Abdullah Al Shamsh Prottay, Md Shimul Bhuia, Md Showkot Akbor, Raihan Chowdhury, Siddique Akber Ansari, Irfan Aamer Ansari, Md Amirul Islam, Catarina Martins Tahim, Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The soy isoflavone daidzin (DZN) possesses cognitive-enhancing effects in animals. However, the mechanism for this effect is yet to be discovered. For this, we investigate its memory-enhancing capacity using the mouse models of marble burying, dust removal, an open-field study, and in silico studies. Adult male Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into different groups consisting of Control (vehicle: 10 mL/kg), DZN 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, dopamine (agonist: 22 mg/kg), galantamine (inhibitor: 3 mg/kg), and a combination of DZN-10 with standards. DZN dose-dependently and significantly (p <0.05) increased marble burying and removed dust while decreasing the total distance in OFT. DZN-10 enhanced dopamine's effect significantly (p < 0.05). In silico findings suggest that DZN has strong binding capacities of -10.3, -7.5, -9.8, and -9.2 kcal/mol to the AChE, D₁, D₃, and D₅ receptors, respectively. Taken together, DZN may exert its memory-enhancing ability by interacting with AChE and dopamine receptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 3 Different Daily Protein Intakes in a 2-Meal Eating Pattern on Protein Turnover in Middle Age and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"David D Church ,&nbsp;Katie R Hirsch ,&nbsp;Shiloah A Kviatkovsky ,&nbsp;Joseph J Matthews ,&nbsp;Reino A Henderson ,&nbsp;Gohar Azhar ,&nbsp;Robert R Wolfe ,&nbsp;Arny A Ferrando","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Reduced meal frequency patterns have become popular for weight loss, maintenance, and improving cardiometabolic health. The extended fasting windows with these dietary patterns could lead to greater protein breakdown, which is a concern for middle-aged and older adults who may need higher protein intakes to maintain or increase net protein balance.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to quantify muscle and whole-body protein kinetic responses to 3 different daily protein intakes within a 2-meal eating pattern.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty participants (age: 61 ± 6 y, BMI: 26.5 ± 4.8 kg/m²) participated in this 24-h metabolic study using oral stable isotope tracer techniques and were randomized to 1 of 3 protein intakes: <em>1)</em> recommended dietary allowance (RDA): 0.8 g/kg/d; <em>2)</em> habitual United States intake: 1.1 g/kg/d; or <em>3)</em> ≈2RDA: 1.5 g/kg/d distributed across 2 meals, consumed within a 9-h window.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Whole-body net protein balance was significantly higher for 1.5 g/kg/d compared with 0.8 g/kg/d [mean difference: 0.55 g/kg; lean body mass (LBM)/d; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17, 0.93 g/kg LBM/d; <em>P</em> = 0.004] and 1.1 g/kg/d (mean difference: 0.6 g/kg LBM/d; 95%CI: 0.23, 0.97 g/kg LBM/d; <em>P</em> = 0.001), with no difference between 0.8 and 1.1 g/kg/d (mean difference: 0.05 g/kg LBM/d; 95%CI: −0.31, 0.40 g/kg LBM/d; <em>P</em> = 0.936). Muscle protein synthesis was not significantly different between any groups (<em>P</em> = 0.388).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>s</em>: Within a 2-meal eating pattern, a protein intake of 1.5 g/kg/d led to a more positive whole-body net protein balance than intakes of 0.8 and 1.1 g/kg/d in middle-aged and older adults.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04830514.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1364-1372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sowing the Seeds of Taste? A Novel Approach to Investigate the Impact of Early Sweet Exposure on Children’s Dietary Taste Patterns from 12 to 36 Mo","authors":"Carina Mueller ,&nbsp;Monica Mars ,&nbsp;Gertrude G Zeinstra ,&nbsp;Corine Perenboom ,&nbsp;Ciarán G Forde ,&nbsp;Gerry Jager","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early food experiences shape children’s eating behavior. Whether initiating complementary feeding (CF) with sweet-tasting foods impacts the taste of later dietary patterns remains unknown. This study combined a quantitative taste intensity database with dietary assessment methods to investigate this.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate whether initiating CF in infants with sweet compared with neutral-tasting foods leads to different dietary taste patterns at 12–36 mo.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 246 Dutch infants (age 20.2 ± 1.8 wk, 129 girls) participated in an randomized control trial; they received either sweet-tasting (<em>n</em> = 125) or neutral-tasting (<em>n</em> = 121) fruit and vegetable purees during the first 15 d of initial CF. Dietary intake was assessed at 12, 18, 24, and 36 mo using 3 24-h recalls. Reported foods (<em>n</em> = 1277) were grouped into 5 clusters—\"sour-sweet,\" \"sweet-fatty,\" \"fatty-salty,\" \"fatty,\" and \"neutral\" tasting foods—based on their taste intensity values using K-means clustering. Dietary taste patterns were calculated as the average daily intake of energy (%kcal) and weight (%grams) from each taste cluster and compared between intervention groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, children’s energy intake from neutral-tasting foods decreased from 61% ± 11% at 12 mo to 44% ± 12% at 36 mo (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Weight intake from neutral foods also declined (from 74% ± 9% to 62% ± 13%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Conversely, children’s energy intake from sweet-fatty, fatty-salty, and fatty foods increased significantly over the study period (from 12% ± 7% to 21% ± 10%, from 8% ± 6% to 13% ± 7%, and from 7% ± 5% to 11% ± 6%, respectively, all <em>P</em> ≤ 0.01). No differences were observed between the 2 intervention groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, children’s diets became more diverse and intense in taste but exposure to sweet taste during early CF did not influence the dietary taste patterns in later childhood.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT03348176.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1466-1473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses on Consumption of Different Food Groups and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"Rivana Lambani Banjarnahor ,&nbsp;Elaheh Javadi Arjmand ,&nbsp;Anindita Tasnim Onni ,&nbsp;Lise M Thomassen ,&nbsp;Matteo Perillo ,&nbsp;Rajiv Balakrishna ,&nbsp;Ida Sofie Karlsen Sletten ,&nbsp;Antonello Lorenzini ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Plastina ,&nbsp;Lars T Fadnes","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 2 diabetes is a major contributor to the burden of chronic diseases globally. Most cases of type 2 diabetes are preventable through healthy lifestyle modifications in diet and physical activity. This systematic umbrella review presents a comprehensive overview of the evidence about the associations between risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome with 13 food groups, including refined and whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish and fish products, eggs, dairy/milk, sugar-sweetened beverages, processed meat, and unprocessed red and white meat. We present these relationships in per-serving and with high-versus-low comparisons. After doing a systematic search in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Epistemonikos (registered with PROSPERO: CRD42024547606), we screened 5074 references published until May 15, 2024, and included 67 articles. This included 46 meta-analyses on risk of type 2 diabetes with half a million participants, 17 meta-analyses on risk of metabolic syndrome, and 4 meta-analyses on risk of diabetes-related mortality. Based on quality assessments using AMSTAR-2, 25 of the 67 studies were classified as high-quality studies, 8 as moderate, 12 as low, and 22 as critically low quality. Our results showed that a high intake of whole grains was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (metaevidence: moderate) and metabolic syndrome (metaevidence: low), with a similar tendency also for a high intake of fruits and vegetables (metaevidence: moderate). In contrast, the high intakes of processed meat (metaevidence: high), red meat (metaevidence: moderate), and sugar-sweetened beverages (metaevidence: moderate) were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. For the other food groups, the associations were generally neutral and not statistically significant. The heterogeneity was high for most food groups except fruits, indicating potential differences within each of the food groups in association with type 2 diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1285-1297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}