Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary carbohydrate quality is associated with epigenetic age acceleration: a cross-sectional study of the CARDIA cohort.","authors":"So-Yun Yi, Lyn M Steffen, David R Jacobs, Brian Joyce, Weihua Guan, Daniel Duprez, Kamakshi Lakshminarayan, Yinan Zheng, Lifang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary intake is one lifestyle factor that is expected to impact gene expression by altering DNA methylation (DNAm), thus affecting epigenetic aging. Studies on the association between quality of carbohydrates and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) are scarce despite the evidence that quality may be more important than amount of carbohydrates consumed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to identify the cross-sectional associations of carbohydrate quality and fiber-rich food score with epigenetic age acceleration in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Trained interviewers administered the CARDIA Diet History to obtain dietary intake at exam year 20. EAA measures, PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAA) and GrimAge acceleration (GrimAA), were generated based on epigenetic age estimates calculated using DNAm profiling data from fasting blood samples at exam years 20, 25, and 30. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to evaluate the association of carbohydrate quality, defined using carbohydrate:fiber ratio, and fiber-rich food score with EAA measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, quartiles of carbohydrate quality (defined using carbohydrate:fiber ratio) were inversely associated with PhenoAA and GrimAA; the highest carbohydrate quality quartile showing a difference (SE) of -1.19 (0.2) years of PhenoAA (p-trend<0.001) and -1.20 (0.1) years of GrimAA (p-trend<0.001) compared with the lowest carbohydrate quality quartile. Similarly, quartiles of fiber-rich food score (created based on daily intakes of whole grains, fruit, vegetables, nuts, and legumes) were inversely associated with PhenoAA and GrimAA; the highest quartile showing a difference (SE) of -1.06 (0.2) years of PhenoAA (p-trend=0.002) and -1.31 (0.2) years of GrimAA (p-trend<0.001) compared with the lowest quartile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study findings suggest that consuming a high carbohydrate quality diet and a dietary pattern composed of fiber-rich foods is cross-sectionally associated with slower biological aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Circulating LncRNAs: SNHG5 and ZFAS1 as Biomarkers Reflecting Cachexia Incidence in Chronic Heart Failure Patients.","authors":"Tomasz Powrózek, Marcin Mazurek, Agata Kot, Aneta Skwarek-Dziekanowska, Grzegorz Sobieszek, Teresa Małecka-Massalska","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic inflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of chronic heart failure (CHF) across all phenotypes. The continuous release of proinflammatory cytokines causes muscle atrophy and adipocyte breakdown, ultimately resulting in cachexia. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as potential biomarkers associated with cachexia, as they indirectly regulate muscle and fat tissue metabolism.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify inflammatory-related, plasma-circulating lncRNAs characteristic of cachexia in patients with CHF. The secondary objective was to assess the clinical utility of these selected lncRNAs as diagnostic and predictive markers for cachexia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood plasma samples were collected from 157 newly diagnosed patients with CHF (91 males and 66 females; mean age: 72 ± 13 y) for lncRNA extraction. Molecular testing, using RT² lncRNA qRT-PCR Array Human Cell Development, Differentiation, and Inflammatory Panel was performed in 2 phases: the discovery phase (screening of 148 lncRNAs in 8 patients) and validation phase (validation of the identified lncRNAs in 157 patients).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in the discovery phase. In the validation phase, 2 of these 5 lncRNAs-SNHG5 and ZFAS1-showed significant expression differences between cachectic and noncachectic patients in the entire study group (both P < 0.001). The combined downregulation of ZFAS1 and upregulation of SNHG5 was identified as an unfavorable lncRNA signature primarily associated with poor nutritional status in females (low fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, and body mass index), abnormal laboratory results (hypoalbuminemia and high concentrations of inflammatory markers), and an increased incidence of cachexia in patients with CHF. When this lncRNA signature was combined with serum C-reactive protein and albumin concentrations, it effectively differentiated between cachectic and noncachectic patients (area under the curve = 1.0). The presence of this unfavorable signature was associated with a 9-fold increased likelihood (odds ratio = 9.2) of cachexia in the study cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The identified lncRNA signature demonstrates potential clinical value for distinguishing and predicting cachexia in patients with CHF.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pine (Pinus koraiensis) Nut Oil Ameliorates Cholesterol Homeostasis and Inflammation via Modulating the miR-34a/122 Pathways in the Liver of Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet.","authors":"Yunji Lee, Mak-Soon Lee, Jumi Lee, In-Hwan Kim, Yangha Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pine (Pinus koraiensis) nut oil (PNO) has been reported to have various beneficial effects on hepatic triglyceride accumulation and atherosclerosis in animal models. MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in various diseases by modulating physiological processes. However, the mechanism underlying PNO's effects on the regulation of miRs involved in hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the effects of PNO on the regulation of the miR-34a/122 pathways involved in cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation in the liver using a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) rat model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 8/group) and provided with 1) a cholesterol-free diet, 2) an HCD containing 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid, or 3) an HCD containing 5% PNO for 4 wk. Lipid analysis of serum and liver, histological evaluation, and analysis of gene and protein expression were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PNO supplementation in HCD improved hepatic lipid profiles and elevated serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with the HCD group. PNO significantly upregulated hepatic gene expression levels of liver X receptor α and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1/G1, which are involved in cholesterol efflux (P < 0.05). Gene expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were downregulated by PNO (P < 0.05). PNO also suppressed TNF-α and IL-6 protein levels by 22.3% and 17.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). PNO reduced hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B activity by 16.4% and decreased nitric oxide production in the liver and serum (P < 0.05). Furthermore, hepatic miR-34a and miR-122 expressions decreased by 16.4% and 15.7% by PNO, respectively (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that PNO may affect cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation, which are partially associated with the miR-34a/122 pathways in the liver under an HCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Food Insecurity and Perceived Overall Health, Stress, and Counseling Utilization among a Representative Sample of the Active-Duty United States Military, 2020.","authors":"Matthew R Beymer, Matthew P Rabbitt, Joanna J Reagan, Courtney P Paolicelli","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2020, ∼10% of United States civilian households were food insecure compared with >25% of households with active-duty United States military service members. Given the increased risk for food insecurity in the military, it is vital to investigate both the precursors and consequences of food insecurity in military populations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine associations between food insecurity and perceived overall health, stress, and psychological counseling utilization in United States military service members.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using weighted logistic regressions, we conducted secondary analyses of the 2020 Status of Forces Survey-Active Duty (unweighted n = 12,324), a nationally representative cross-sectional, probability-based survey of United States military service members.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 25% of respondents were food insecure. Respondents with low (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11, 1.60) and very low food security (AOR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.30, 2.12) had significantly greater odds of current work-related stress compared with food secure respondents. Respondents with low (AOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.87) and very low food security (AOR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.41, 2.45) had lower self-perceived overall health compared with food secure respondents. There was no association between food insecurity and psychological counseling utilization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although food insecure respondents had higher odds of stress and poorer perceptions of overall health, they had similar odds of utilizing counseling support, suggesting potential opportunities for specialized engagement. A broader approach is needed to encourage military leadership engagement with service members for counseling support and supplemental nutrition assistance resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method That Maintains Accuracy in the Prediction of Vitamin A Total Body Stores When Population-Based Modeling of a Limited Number of Theoretical Subjects Is Used With Retinol Isotope Dilution.","authors":"Michael H Green, Joanne Balmer Green","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retinol isotope dilution (RID) equations are used to predict vitamin A total body stores (TBS). Including population-based (\"super-subject\") modeling with RID provides group-specific values for the equation coefficients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective was to test an approach that would accommodate a limited super-subject sample size without compromising accuracy in RID predictions of TBS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used Simulation, Analysis and Modeling software to simulate fraction of dose in plasma (FD_p) at 16 times from 3 h to 56 d after tracer ingestion in 20 theoretical adults. Then, we modeled geometric mean FD_p (\"full dataset\") to determine group mean TBS and the coefficients Fa (FD in stores) and S (specific activity in plasma/stores) in the RID equation TBS (μmol) = FaS/plasma retinol specific activity. Using the same FD_p data, we also generated 4 datasets with reduced subject numbers at times other than that designated for RID (day 21). Then, we adjusted individual FD_p using the ratio (individual FD_p on day 21/mean FD_p on day 21; \"adjusted datasets\"), modeled each, and determined TBS and FaS for comparison with the full dataset values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean ratio of model-predicted TBS for adjusted/full dataset was 0.962 (range: 0.920-1.06) and for FaS, it was 0.945 (day 14), 0.971 (day 21), and 0.984 (day 28).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For these theoretical data, adjusting individual FD_p values based on relationship to the group mean FD_p at an appropriate time (21 d) maintains the accuracy of model predictions of TBS and the RID composite coefficient FaS. If these results are confirmed using real data, values for FaS determined in a small super-subject study can be applied to confidently predict TBS by RID in that group's individuals. This approach will be especially useful when resources are limited for studies of vitamin A status in community settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Did I Get Here? A Reflection of My Journey in Academia and the American Society for Nutrition.","authors":"Kevin L Schalinske","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Ambient Temperature on Resting Energy Expenditure in Metabolically Healthy Males and Females.","authors":"Sara Henkel, Petra Frings-Meuthen, Christina Diekmann, Martin Coenen, Birgit Stoffel-Wagner, Robert Németh, Dominik Pesta, Sarah Egert","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is not yet clear to what extent the physiologic regulatory mechanisms that maintain core body temperature are reflected by changes in resting energy expenditure (REE). Particularly, in indirect calorimetry with a canopy, the effects of short-term temperature exposures have not yet been investigated. This can be of relevance for the determination of REE in practice.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This randomized crossover study investigated the influence of a 30-min exposure to 18 °C (cool room temperature), 22 °C (room temperature), 28 °C (thermoneutral zone), and 38 °C (heat) on REE determined by assessing the inhaled oxygen volume and the exhaled carbon dioxide volume via indirect calorimetry on 4 consecutive days.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 32 metabolically healthy participants [16 males and 16 females, age: 25 ± 3 y, body mass index (BMI): 22.4 ± 1.6 kg/m²] were included in the study after screening examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lean body mass, ambient temperature, and heart rate were the most important determinants (all P < 0.001) and explained 61.3% of the variance in REE. A multivariate linear mixed model analysis revealed that lean mass (15.87 ± 3.66; P < 0.001) and ambient temperature (P = 0.001) significantly influenced REE. REE significantly differed between 18 and 28 °C (18 °C: +96 ± 24 kcal/24 h; P < 0.001), 22 and 28 °C (22 °C: +73 ± 24 kcal/24 h; P = 0.003), and 18 and 38 °C (18 °C: +57 ± 23 kcal/24 h; P = 0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Effects of ambient temperature on REE, especially cold, are detectable after only brief exposure, emphasizing the importance of performing indirect calorimetry with a canopy under controlled environmental conditions. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05505240 (Influence of Ambient Temperature on Resting Energy Expenditure of Healthy Adults - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov).</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances of Selenium in Poultry Nutrition and Health.","authors":"Zi-Jian Xu, Fa-Zheng Ren, Zi-Wei Zhang, Shi-Wen Xu, Jia-Qiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selenium is widely acknowledged as an indispensable trace element for humans and various animals, including poultry. The addition of selenium in appropriate doses plays a crucial role in promoting poultry growth and reproduction. Conversely, both deficiency and excessive intake of selenium can pose significant threats to poultry health and production performance. In modern poultry farming, there is an increasing demand for precise nutrient intake, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted role of selenium. This review aimed to compare and contrast the properties and recommended addition amounts of different sources of selenium in poultry feed; to discuss the hazards and mechanisms associated with selenium deficiency or excess in poultry; to summarize the pivotal role that selenium plays in stress states among poultry. Overall, this review seeked to provide a comprehensive overview highlighting the significance of selenium in terms of nutrition and health for poultry while ensuring optimal utilization within poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary Bile Acid Derivatives Are Contributors to the Fecal Bile Acid Pool and Associated With Bile Acid-Modulating Nutrients.","authors":"Patricia G Wolf, Caitlin Welsh, Briawna Binion, Hanchu Dai, Manoela Lima Oliveira, Alyshia Hamm, Sarah Goldberg, Pius Sarfo Buobu, Teresa Schering, Sevasti Vergis, Nicollette Kessee, Sandra L Gomez, Cemal Yazici, Mark Maienschein-Cline, Doratha A Byrd, H Rex Gaskins, Jason M Ridlon, Ece Mutlu, Chris Greening, Lisa Tussing-Humphreys","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids (BAs) is linked with cancer development. However, derivatives of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) produced via bacterial metabolism may mitigate the proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of hydrophobic BAs. The impact of diet on secondary BA derivative production has not been determined.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to study the associations between BA-modulating nutrients and the composition of secondary BAs and their derivatives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stool and blood were collected from 138 participants aged 45-75 y that self-identified as Black or non-Hispanic White. BAs were extracted from stool and serum and quantified using LC/ESI-MS/MS. Energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, and specific dietary nutrients were estimated from two 24-h diet recalls. The abundance of genes for microbial BA metabolism was assessed from stool metagenomes. Kendall τ correlation and regression-based modeling were performed to determine associations between BA categories, microbial genes, and select energy-adjusted dietary variables (alcohol, calcium, coffee, fiber, fat, and protein).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants had a mean age of 60 y and a mean BMI of 31 kg/m². BA derivatives were present in all participant stools, with lagodeoxycholic acid being the most abundant derivative quantified. Analysis of stool microbial metagenomes revealed the presence of genes for secondary BA derivative production in all participants. Protein is positively associated with the accumulation of secondary BAs. monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)s were negatively associated with high abundant derivatives of DCA in regression models. Total fiber and coffee intake were positively correlated with increased conversion of BAs to derivatives. Race and smoking status were significant predictors of associations between dietary variables and BA derivatives.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Protein, MUFAs, total fiber and coffee are significantly associated with concentrations of secondary BAs and their derivatives. Future work should account for social and structural influences on dietary intake and its relationship with BA-elicited cancer risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Supplementation of Dietary Choline and DHA During Gestational Nutrition Restriction Alters Hepatic mRNA and miRNA Expression Patterns in Full-Term Fetal Pigs.","authors":"Feng Wang, Xiaoqiu Wang, Jack Odle, Christian Maltecca, Xi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Supplementing choline and DHA to pregnant gilts modified fetal pig hepatic global DNA methylation induced by gestational malnutrition, suggesting that gene expression and regulation and its associated metabolic pathways are affected in the liver of offspring during growth and development.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal supplementation of choline, DHA, and their interaction on hepatic mRNA expression, miRNA regulation, and metabolic pathways in the fetal pigs born to malnourished mothers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The abundance of mRNA and miRNA was profiled in fetal liver from sows with undernutrition supplemented with choline and DHA in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The effects of choline, DHA, and their interaction on mRNA and miRNA expression were evaluated. Identification of the Biological Processes from the Gene Ontology database and miRNA Target Prediction Analysis were performed using the DAVID Functional Annotation Tool and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The identified miRNA-mRNA pairings were validated using RT-qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 144 mRNA and 1 miRNA were altered by supplementation of choline, and the alterations were associated with the inhibitions of cardiac hypertrophy signaling, IL-6 signaling, IL-3 signaling, the T_h1 pathway, and the acute phase response signaling pathway. Further, 151 mRNAs and 6 miRNAs were altered by maternal supplementation DHA and were associated with inhibition of 5 inositol-related pathways, 5 immune-related pathways, and 7 other pathways and the stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling and RhoGDI signaling pathways. In addition, 383 mRNAs and 25 miRNAs displayed choline × DHA interactions including synergistic effects on acute phase response signaling, and antagonistic effects on tRNA splicing, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/retinoid X receptor α activation, and sirtuin signaling, NAD signaling, and RNA polymerase I transcription pathways. Ten of the identified 20 miRNA-mRNA pairings were validated using RT-qPCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The supplementation of choline, DHA, or choline plus DHA to pregnant gilts modifies liver mRNA, miRNA, and pathways in fetal pigs during gestational undernutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}