Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Higher Lipoprotein(a) Concentration Is Associated with a Blunted Response to Iron Repletion in Females with Low Iron Stores: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Terrence M Riley, Camila Weschenfelder, Claire E Berryman, Stephen R Hennigar","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a proinflammatory lipoprotein, and higher concentrations are associated with increased risk of deficiency of anemia.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to examine relationships between Lp(a) concentration and indicators of iron status, anemia, and inflammation before and after an 8-wk iron supplementation intervention in females of reproductive age with low iron stores (ferritin < 25 μg/L).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary analysis of a randomized 2-arm parallel trial was conducted. Fifty-two participants (age = 25 ±7 y; BMI = 23 ±3 kg/m²) were given an iron supplement (32 mg elemental iron as iron sulfate) with a lunch meal containing beef or a plant-based meat alternative daily for 8 wk. Indicators of iron status, anemia, inflammation, and Lp(a) concentrations were measured at baseline and postintervention. Linear regression was used to test associations between baseline Lp(a) concentrations (independent variable) and indicators of iron status, anemia, and inflammation (dependent variables) before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline Lp(a) concentrations were negatively associated with baseline ferritin [-0.12 μg/L; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.22, -0.02] and body iron (-0.04 mg/kg; 95% CI: -0.8, -0.00). Baseline Lp(a) concentrations were negatively associated with postintervention transferrin saturation (-0.24%; 95% CI: -0.43, -0.06]) and serum iron (-0.82 μg/dL; 95% CI: -1.5, -0.2) but positively associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (1.6%; 95% CI: 0.3, 3.3). No other associations were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In females of reproductive age with low iron stores, higher baseline Lp(a) concentrations were associated with lower baseline iron stores (i.e., ferritin and body iron) as well as a blunted response in iron transport (transferrin saturation and serum iron) after an 8-wk iron supplementation intervention. These findings suggest that elevated Lp(a) could influence the response to iron repletion, warranting confirmation in larger prospective studies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04793906.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenosides as Regulators of Energy Metabolism: Benefits and Mechanisms.","authors":"Shiying Wan, Qidan Zou, Yuting Huang, Keying Zhang, Nana Li, Kai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ginsenosides represent a fascinating class of natural products with diverse biological activities and therapeutic potential. Although it is debatable whether modulating energy metabolism is the most prominent function of ginsenosides, it is nevertheless a pivotal function shared by most of these compounds. This review aims to provide an overview of the beneficial effects of ginsenosides on energy metabolism and to elucidate their underlying molecular mechanisms. We tease out the versatile roles of ginsenosides in regulating energy metabolism by integrating evidence from studies on the cardiovascular, hepatic, skeletal muscle, and central nervous systems, as well as systemic metabolic disorders and cancer. A key finding is that ginsenosides not only exert common regulatory effects on mitochondrial energetics, substrate utilization, and oxidative stress but also tailor their actions to meet the distinct energetic demands and metabolic characteristics of different organs. In addition, most ginsenosides do not specifically target a single organ; instead, they enhance the metabolic adaptability of multiple organs across various pathophysiological conditions, particularly through the restoration of energy homeostasis. This highlights that ginsenosides function not merely as energy boosters, as previously thought, but more likely serve as harmonizers of energy balance. Furthermore, this review illuminates future research directions for ginsenosides, paving the way for advanced applications in disease treatment and health promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101859"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique Considerations Regarding Systematic Reviews in the Field of Nutrition.","authors":"Alice H Lichtenstein, Ethan M Balk","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of systematic reviews in the field of nutrition has proliferated in recent decades, playing an important role in formulating dietary guidance, establishing nutrient reference intake values, evaluating applications for food and supplement label health claims, and identifying research needs. By affording the opportunity to conduct unbiased meta-analyses, well-conducted systematic reviews allow for the combination of data from multiple small studies to increase statistical power. This is particularly valuable when generating dose-response curves. Discussed are unique considerations associated with conducting nutrition-related systematic reviews. These may include baseline nutrient exposure and status of study participants before initiating the intervention, bioequivalence and bioavailability of different nutrient chemical forms, nutrient/nutrient interactions, nutrient/drug interactions and nutrient/food interactions, bioavailability of nutrient storage reservoirs, multiple and interrelated nutrient biological functions, undefined nature of nutrient intervention (generally food-based studies), and compensatory dietary changes triggered by an intervention. A fundamental value of systematic reviews lies in the transparent methodological approach used for conduct and documentation, facilitating reproducibility and efficient updating. A fundamental limitation is the narrow scope of the questions addressed and the intensive resources necessary to complete comprehensive, unbiased reviews. Of note, systematic reviews provide an opportunity to identify evidence gaps and identify recommendations for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Based Food Groups and Cardiovascular Disease: Inverse Associations with Variable Mechanistic Support.","authors":"Davide Venier, Marco Capocasa, Valeria Velluti, Beatrice Venier, Carlo Chiarla","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review integrates recent evidence on the associations between major plant-based food groups and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the biological plausibility of the proposed mechanisms, certainty-of-evidence assessments, and recurrent methodological limitations. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for English-language publications from January 2020 to July 2026, with earlier studies included when evidence was sparse. Association evidence was derived primarily from umbrella reviews and systematic reviews of observational studies, supplemented by prospective cohort studies where review-level evidence was limited. Mechanistic evidence from human intervention studies, animal models, and in vitro investigations was synthesized using a 3-tier framework. Higher intakes of whole grains, legumes or pulses, fruits and vegetables, and nuts and seeds were generally associated with lower risks of CVD outcomes. However, the magnitude and consistency of associations varied across food groups and outcomes. Human trials most consistently showed reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with cereal bran, oat β-glucan, legumes, and nuts relative to comparators, together with modest improvements in lipid profiles after fruit and vegetable interventions. Evidence for other proposed effects was more limited or heterogeneous and, for several pathways, derived mainly from preclinical models. Certainty-of-evidence assessments varied, and several limitations recurred across the literature. Higher consumption of major plant-based food groups is generally associated with lower risks of several cardiovascular outcomes. However, the observational nature of the epidemiological evidence limits causal inference. Moreover, heterogeneity in findings and recurrent methodological limitations across the included sources warrant caution in drawing firm conclusions. Future research should standardize food-group definitions and dietary assessment methods and strengthen the integration of epidemiological and mechanistic evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101861"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delivery Systems for Bioactive Ingredients in Functional Foods Support Healthy Aging: Advances and Challenges.","authors":"Yixiao Wang, Yuying Wang, Yonggang Li, Zichen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the accelerated global population aging, the elderly are confronted with multiple health challenges, including oxidative stress, impaired digestive function, gut dysbiosis, and micronutrient deficiencies, rendering functional foods a vital intervention to improve their quality of life. This review systematically sorts out the mechanisms of action and health benefits of 4 major bioactive components in nutritional functional foods for the elderly, namely, polyphenols, bioactive peptides, probiotics, and vitamins. It further focuses on analyzing research advances in delivery systems, such as emulsions, microcapsules, hydrogels, and liposomes, for enhancing the stability, bioavailability, and targeted release of these bioactives. Additionally, it elaborates on the current research landscape of 4 categories of functional foods categorized by efficacy: cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant, gut health-improving, and antihypertensive products. Although available evidence demonstrates the promising potential of these strategies, prominent limitations remain regarding the long-term safety of delivery carriers, sensory acceptability, industrialized production, and regulatory standards when applied to the special geriatric population. Future research should leverage multimomics technologies to facilitate the development of personalized formulations and strengthen clinical validation targeting elderly individuals with multimorbidity, so as to achieve effective translation from laboratory investigations to practical nutritional interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101857"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invitation for Nominations for 2027","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101870","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 10","pages":"Article 101870"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149154254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Fusion Protein Mitofusin-2 Mediates the Protection of Fish Oil against Porcine Intestinal Injury Induced by Deoxynivalenol","authors":"Kan Xiao,&nbsp;Minfang Zhang,&nbsp;Qingqing Lv,&nbsp;Qilong Xu,&nbsp;Hanqiu Gong,&nbsp;Xiaoye Xu,&nbsp;Junjie Guo,&nbsp;Shaokui Chen,&nbsp;Jiangchao Zhao,&nbsp;Yulan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101801","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fish oil (FO), rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), exerts beneficial effects on gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fish oil (FO), rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), exerts beneficial effects on gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to investigate whether FO attenuated deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced intestinal dysfunction and abnormal expression of mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins in weaned piglets.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to investigate whether FO attenuated deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced intestinal dysfunction and abnormal expression of mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins in weaned piglets.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Twenty-four weaned pigs were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design (6 pigs/group), and the factors included dietary treatments (5% corn oil or FO) and DON exposure (4 mg/kg DON or not). After 21 d of feeding, intestinal samples were collected. Intestinal porcine epithelial cell line 1 (IPEC-1) cells were treated with 41 μM EPA or 38 μM DHA, with or without 0.5 μg/mL DON. Small interfering RNAs targeting mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins [dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusin-1 (Mfn1), and mitofusin-2 (Mfn2)] were used to explore the molecular mechanism.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Twenty-four weaned pigs were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design (6 pigs/group), and the factors included dietary treatments (5% corn oil or FO) and DON exposure (4 mg/kg DON or not). After 21 d of feeding, intestinal samples were collected. Intestinal porcine epithelial cell line 1 (IPEC-1) cells were treated with 41 μM EPA or 38 μM DHA, with or without 0.5 μg/mL DON. Small interfering RNAs targeting mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins [dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusin-1 (Mfn1), and mitofusin-2 (Mfn2)] were used to explore the molecular mechanism.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;FO improved growth performance (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) and increased expression of mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins, including Drp1, Mfn1, and Mfn2 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05), accompanied by restoring jejunal morphology, digestion, and barrier function, and mitochondrial function (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) of piglets after DON exposure. EPA or DHA attenuated cell damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell apoptosis (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001), and increased Drp1, Mfn1, and Mfn2 protein expression (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) after DON exposure in IPEC-1 cells. EPA/DHA alleviated cell injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell apoptosis (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001) in the presence of siDrpl and siMfnl; however, EPA or DHA could not alleviate these indices (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &gt; 0.05) in the presence of siMfn2.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;FO improved growth performance (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) and increased expression of mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins, including Dr","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 10","pages":"Article 101801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Dietary Assessment","authors":"Zvi Weizman","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 10","pages":"Article 101779"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training Perspectives from the NIH T32 Artificial Intelligence for Precision Nutrition Programs","authors":"Saurabh Mehta,&nbsp;Samantha L Huey,&nbsp;Paraskevi Massara,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Corrie M Whisner,&nbsp;Youping Deng,&nbsp;Rachel Novotny,&nbsp;Janet Antwi,&nbsp;Seungchan Kim,&nbsp;Salma Musaad,&nbsp;David Erickson,&nbsp;Deborah Estrin,&nbsp;Julia L Finkelstein,&nbsp;Thorsten Joachims,&nbsp;Catherine H Kagemann,&nbsp;Rulla Tamimi,&nbsp;Diana Thomas,&nbsp;Martin T Wells","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101796","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nutrition is one of the few modifiable risk factors for health status. The diet–disease relationship, however, is highly complex, with many endogenous and exogenous factors contributing to risk and with variation in responses to diet between individuals. The 2020–2030 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Strategic Plan for Nutrition Research states that precision nutrition is a unifying and holistic approach to developing comprehensive and dynamic nutritional recommendations relevant to both individual and population health. Recognizing the growing importance of advanced computational approaches for such precision nutrition research, in 2022, the NIH Office of Nutrition Research and participating NIH Institutes and Centers published a funding opportunity announcement (FOA) for training programs in Artificial Intelligence for Precision Nutrition (AIPrN) aiming to develop a new generation of the scientific workforce, literate in both nutritional and computer sciences, that leverages the growing data resources available for nutrition research to tackle complex and emerging health–disease associations. In this paper, we describe the approaches developed by the first 4 institutional awardees of the T32 AIPrN training grant, and we highlight applied strategies for interdisciplinary training, data integration, and methodological innovation as the research community prepares to analyze and interpret data generated by major initiatives such as the NIH-funded Nutrition for Precision Health Initiative.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nutrition is one of the few modifiable risk factors for health status. The diet–disease relationship, however, is highly complex, with many endogenous and exogenous factors contributing to risk and with variation in responses to diet between individuals. The 2020–2030 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Strategic Plan for Nutrition Research states that precision nutrition is a unifying and holistic approach to developing comprehensive and dynamic nutritional recommendations relevant to both individual and population health. Recognizing the growing importance of advanced computational approaches for such precision nutrition research, in 2022, the NIH Office of Nutrition Research and participating NIH Institutes and Centers published a funding opportunity announcement (FOA) for training programs in Artificial Intelligence for Precision Nutrition (AIPrN) aiming to develop a new generation of the scientific workforce, literate in both nutritional and computer sciences, that leverages the growing data resources available for nutrition research to tackle complex and emerging health–disease associations. In this paper, we describe the approaches developed by the first 4 institutional awardees of the T32 AIPrN training grant, and we highlight applied strategies for interdisciplinary training, data integration, and methodological innovation as the research community prepares to analyze and interpret data generated by major initiatives such as ","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 10","pages":"Article 101796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Dr. Martins.","authors":"Yingying Li, Xuesong Xiang, Simin Liu, Yuexin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101849","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149061962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}