Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Accelerometer-measured physical activity, Mediterranean diet and premature mortality and life expectancy among night shift workers: a UK Biobank longitudinal study.","authors":"Jiaxu Xu, Zhuo Chen, Fengru Niu, Yunyan Chen, Xinyi Sun, Wei Wei, Zhen Tian, Changhao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Night shifts work is associated with circadian disruption and elevated premature mortality risk. Although physical activity (PA) and healthy diets like the Mediterranean diet (MED) promote longevity, their combined association with mortality and life expectancy in night shift workers is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the individual and joint effects of accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and adherence to the alternate MED (AMED) score on these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 12,044 night shift workers from the UK Biobank. MVPA was categorized per WHO (World Health Organization) guidelines (low: <150, medium: 150-300, high: ≥300 min/week). AMED score (0-9) was derived from a 24-hour dietary recall and categorized into tertiles. Multivariable Cox regression and life table methods assessed hazard ratios (HR) for premature mortality and life expectancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median 12.72-year follow-up, 204 premature deaths occurred. Higher MVPA (hazard ratios (HR): 0.677; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.473-0.970) and higher AMED score (HR: 0.617; 95% CI: 0.384-0.991) were independently associated with lower mortality risk. Life expectancy gains were sex-specific: higher MVPA was primary in men (gain of 4.90 years; 95% CI: 0.77-9.02), while a higher AMED score was primary in women (gain of 7.64 years; 95% CI: 0.61-13.56). The combination of medium MVPA and high AMED score showed the strongest protective effect (HR: 0.385; 95% CI: 0.161-0.919).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among night shift workers, higher levels of MVPA and a Mediterranean-style diet are associated with a reduced risk of premature death, with the primary protective lifestyle factor differing by sex. An integrated strategy combining medium MVPA with high dietary quality may be optimal for reducing mortality in this high-risk group, supporting precision health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved iron status, but not protein source, is related to appetite, satiety, and mood in women of reproductive age with iron deficiency: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Stephen R Hennigar, Katelyn M Miller, Robert D Murphy, Amy Braymer, Christy L Mayet, Frank L Greenway, Susan N Cheung, Camila Weschenfelder, Claire E Berryman","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iron deficiency (ID) is associated with decreased appetite and altered mood, which can contribute to feelings of early satiety and reduced overall well-being. Few studies have examined differences in appetite, satiety, and mood between meals containing animal meat and plant-based meat, or whether improving iron status in those with ID improves these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine appetite, satiety, and mood following consumption of a meal containing animal meat or plant-based meat at baseline and after consuming the meal with an iron supplement once a day for 8 weeks in women of reproductive age (WRA) with ID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm study, 52 non-pregnant WRA (24 ± 7 y; BMI 22.9 ± 3.0 kg/m²) with ID (serum ferritin 13.7 ± 6.0 μg/L) consumed an iron supplement with a lunch meal containing either 4 oz. of beef (Animal) or Beyond Meat (Plant) once a day for 8 weeks. Meals were calorically matched but differed in macro- and micronutrient composition due to the inherent differences between protein sources. For this secondary analysis, at baseline and endpoint, fasted participants consumed a standardized lunch meal containing beef or plant-based meat and rated appetite (fullness, hunger, desire to eat, and prospective consumption) using 100 mm visual analog scales. A composite satiety score was calculated. The Profile of Mood States questionnaire was assessed at baseline and endpoint.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Indicators of iron status and anemia improved after 8 weeks (P<0.05 for all) but did not differ between Animal and Plant. Hunger and desire to eat decreased and fullness and composite satiety score increased following the meal (P-time<0.0001 for all). Measures of appetite, satiety, and mood did not differ between Plant and Animal at baseline or endpoint. Changes in transferrin saturation (r=0.4, P<0.01) and hemoglobin (r=0.3, P=0.04) and hematocrit (r=0.3, P=0.03) were positively associated with changes in prospective food consumption and changes in transferrin saturation were negatively associated with satiety (r=-0.3, P=0.02). Changes in transferrin saturation (r=0.3, P=0.03) and hematocrit (r=0.3, P=0.05) were positively associated with change in anger/hostility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that improvements in iron status, but not differences in protein source, affect appetite, satiety, and mood in WRA with ID.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry: </strong>This trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04793906.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron deficiency and neurobehavioral outcomes in Ugandan children exposed to HIV.","authors":"Victor Musiime, Paul Bangirana, John Ssenkusu, Andrea L Conroy, Anne E Frosch, Saeun Park, Claire M Dahl, Harriet Opondo, Maria Kroupina, Michael K Georgieff, Sarah E Cusick","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) among children exposed to HIV in utero is unclear, and an association with ID and neurobehavioral deficits has not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We assessed iron status in Ugandan children 6-59 months who were HIV-infected (HI), exposed to HIV but uninfected (HEU), or not exposed to HIV (HUU) and examined the relationship with neurobehavioral outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled children who were HI (n=70), HEU (n=70), or HUU (n=70) and conducted assessments of cognition, attention, executive function, and socioemotional behavior. We used logistic regression to compare ID prevalence among the groups and tested for associations between iron status and neurobehavioral outcomes, using the HUU group to calculate age-adjusted Z-scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than 40% of children in each group had ID (plasma ferritin < 12 μg/L or < 30 μg/L if C-reactive protein > 10 mg/L). Children who were HEU had a higher prevalence of ID than children who were HI (59.4% vs. 42 %, p=0.04) and a higher prevalence of ID with anemia (IDA) than children who were HUU (32.4% vs. 18.8%, p=0.04). Overall, children with ID scored lower in fine motor [adjusted Z-score (95% CI) for ID vs. not ID: -0.20 (-0.4, -0.03) vs. 0.07 (-0.09, 0.24)], but there were no other differences by ID. Children with IDA, particularly those who were HI, had poorer socioemotional behavior, exhibiting poorer exploration quantity [AOR IDA vs. not IDA (95% CI): 0.39 (0.17, 0.92)], greater fear [4.5 (1.6, 12.1)], less positive affect [0.44 (0.23, 0.87)], and less adaptability [0.38 (0.17, 0.82)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a significant burden of ID among Ugandan children, including those who are HI and HEU. IDA was associated with poorer socioemotional behavior, highlighting the need to study the safety and efficacy of early-life iron interventions to optimize neurobehavioral development in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole Grains Perspective: Porridge or popcorn.","authors":"Yuchen Jia, Victoria Miller, David J A Jenkins","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terms such as \"whole grains\", \"fiber\" and \"ultraprocessed food\" are too broadly defined to guide specific disease prevention strategies. More precise classification may be important for meaningful application in disease prevention. We wish to discuss three underexplored issues regarding whole grain consumption and non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention: 1) which foods are broadly recognized as \"whole grains\"; 2) whether the apparent health benefits of whole grains reflect food choice itself or broader lifestyle choices of those who consume them and 3) whether specific types of whole grains confer distinct physiologic benefits. Of 12 major prospective cohorts (>100,000 participants), 10 assessed whole grains intakes, but only 3 whole grain foods (popcorn, oatmeal and brown rice) were common to 7 of these cohorts, and 17 of 54 whole grain foods were listed by a single cohort only. This inconsistency highlights the need for standardized classification. Furthermore, some health benefits attributed to whole grains consumption may be partly explained by lifestyle characteristics of those who consume them. For example, whole grain consumers tend to smoke less, exercise more, and have higher levels of education, all of which independently reduce NCD risk. Finally, not all \"whole grains\" are equivalent, and the degree of processing matters. Intact whole barley, as consumed in barley stew, produces a lower postprandial glucose response (or glycemic index) than milled barley flour used in breads. Whole grains encompass a range of carbohydrate foods whose effects on NCD outcomes vary depending on whole grain type and processing. The physiological effects of different whole grain foods require exploration to promote more meaningful use for public health and clinical application. In cohort studies, despite covariate adjustment, some observed benefits may be due to the other lifestyle habits of those who select to be \"whole grain\" consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns and the risk of liver cancer and chronic liver disease mortality.","authors":"Jaewon Khil, Longgang Zhao, Xinyuan Zhang, Yun Chen, Su Yon Jung, Margaret S Pichardo, Melissa Lopez-Pentecost, Thomas Rohan, Nazmus Saquib, Yangbo Sun, Fred K Tabung, Tongzhang Zheng, Jean Wactawski-Wende, JoAnn E Manson, Marian L Neuhouser, NaNa Keum, Xuehong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accumulating evidence suggests that diet plays an important role in the development of liver disease. Compared with individual nutrients or foods, dietary patterns better represent overall eating behaviors, but their associations with liver cancer and chronic liver disease (CLD) remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We evaluated whether greater adherence to healthy dietary patterns was associated with lower liver cancer risk and CLD mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 78,345 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Four dietary patterns [Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020), alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH)] were calculated using dietary data collected via a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Liver cancer incidence and CLD death were ascertained by review of medical records or linkage to the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 22.1 years, 176 liver cancer cases and 128 CLD deaths were documented. For liver cancer, significant inverse associations were observed with HEI-2020 (HR _{Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1}= 0.58, 95% CI=0.37-0.93, P_trend=0.02) and DASH (HR _{Q4 vs. Q1}=0.58, 95% CI=0.35 -0.98, P_trend=0.07). For CLD mortality, significant inverse associations were observed with AHEI-2010 (HR _{Q4 vs. Q1}=0.50, 95% CI=0.27-0.92, P_trend=0.02), HEI-2020 (HR _{Q4 vs. Q1}=0.59, 95% CI=0.33-1.04, P_trend=0.04), aMED (HR _{Q4 vs. Q1}=0.48, 95% CI=0.25-0.90, P_trend=0.02), and DASH (HR _{Q4 vs. Q1}=0.49, 95% CI=0.25-0.95, P_trend=0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maintaining an overall healthy diet may be associated with lower liver cancer risk and CLD mortality among postmenopausal women.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Produce Prescription Program Enrollment and Benefit Use Among Patients with Diabetes and At Risk for Food Insecurity.","authors":"Abigail Rader, Cierra Buckman, Michael Pignone, Jashalynn C German, Susan E Spratt, Eugenia McPeek Hinz, Amanda Brucker, Sam Hoeffler, Ryan M Kane, Connor Drake","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food insecurity exacerbates Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) by limiting access to nutritious foods and worsening glycemic control. Produce Prescription (PRx) programs subsidize fruits and vegetables to improve food security and diet quality, yet factors associated with PRx engagement patterns remain understudied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate factors associated with enrollment and benefit use in a PRx program among patients with T2D at risk for food insecurity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational cohort study analyzed participants from a pragmatic randomized trial in a large integrated health system. Eligible adults (≥18 years) had recent HbA1c measurements and food insecurity risk based on Medicaid enrollment, high area deprivation index (ADI ≥7), or documented unmet social needs. Of 9,644 contacted, 2,177 enrolled and were randomized 2:1 to receive the EatWell PRx program, receiving a reloadable debit card providing $80/month for 12 months to purchase fruits and vegetables. We examined predictors of: (1) study enrollment, (2) any spending (>$0), (3) high spending (>$53/month median), and (4) highest spending (>$70/month). Multivariate logistic regression included demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 9,644 contacted, 2,177 enrolled (22.6%),1,450 were assigned to the PRx arm, and 1,148 (79.2% of enrollees) activated their cards. Enrollment was lower among older adults (per 10-year increase: OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.72-0.77), males (OR 0.57; 0.51-0.63), Medicaid enrollees (OR 0.61; 0.53-0.69), high-ADI (OR 0.62; 0.55-0.70), and non-Hispanic White (OR 0.76; 0.68-0.85) and Hispanic/Latino (OR 0.72; 0.57-0.90) participants compared with Black participants. Among card activators, high spending was associated with older age (OR 1.15; 1.04-1.27), while highest spending was associated with being married (OR 1.43; 1.03-1.96) and Black compared to White race (OR 1.56; 1.09-2.22).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Demographic and socioeconomic factors were significantly associated with PRx enrollment and utilization. Multimodal outreach strategies and targeted implementation approaches may be necessary to ensure equitable program reach and effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05896644; Clinical Trial Registration Date: 2023-06-09.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Assessing the Effect of Dietary Carbohydrates on Gut Microbiota and Implications for Disease Management.","authors":"Anthony F Juritsch, Edward C Deehan, Anissa M Armet, Peter J Mannon, Amanda E Ramer-Tait","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Targeting the gut microbiome through diet remains a priority in the treatment and management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) for patients and clinicians alike. However, expert consensus is lacking, and cross-sectional studies indicate that patients with IBD often adopt low-fiber, high-sugar, and high-protein diets in an effort to control gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammation with negative implications for gut microbial functions and gastrointestinal inflammation. Although dietary carbohydrates are key modulators of gut microbial composition and function, substantial disagreement persists regarding how carbohydrate digestibility and structural properties influence IBD outcomes. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on the role of dietary carbohydrates in IBD risk and progression and critically evaluates recent dietary interventions in which the gut microbiota was included among outcomes to elaborate a potential role of dietary carbohydrates in the clinical management of IBD. We conclude by outlining research priorities needed to affirm a role for dietary carbohydrate modification in the clinical management of IBD and to support the development of practical, evidence-based dietary guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Perspective on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2025-2030: Methodological, Conceptual, and Communication Challenges.","authors":"Tatiana Palotta Minari, Luciana Pellegrini Pisani","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2025-2030 serve as a central framework for nutrition policy, food assistance programs, and public health communication in the United States. Although the new edition aims to promote healthier dietary patterns, several conceptual and practical aspects warrant critical examination. This Perspective evaluates the methodological, cultural, and socioeconomic considerations associated with the updated guidelines. Particular attention is given to the reintroduction of the hierarchical dietary pyramid imagery, the conceptual ambiguity surrounding the term \"real food,\" and the challenges of implementing dietary recommendations across diverse socioeconomic contexts. Addressing these issues is important for strengthening the scientific transparency, cultural inclusivity, and practical feasibility of national nutrition guidelines. Given the global influence of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in shaping nutrition research, policy discussions, and dietary recommendations in multiple countries, a critical evaluation of their conceptual framework and implementation challenges may also provide insights relevant to the development and refinement of dietary guidelines worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Nutrient-Dense Diet with Optimal Protein Level Restores Goblet Cells and Alleviates Microbial Dysbiosis in a Mouse Model of Colitis.","authors":"Lingfan Jiang, Jiaxuan Li, Abrory A C Pramana, Yuan-Xiang Pan, Wenyan Mei, Hong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic intestinal inflammation is a key driver of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. A mouse model with intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific knockout of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein I (hnRNPI KO) spontaneously develops colitis and reduces goblet cell numbers, mimicking the pathological symptoms observed in humans with chronic intestinal inflammation, making the hnRNPI KO mouse an invaluable model of gut inflammation. Although higher dietary protein has been associated with lower inflammation and restoration of immune adaptation, the mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effects of optimized dietary protein on colonic goblet cells functions and on correcting gut dysbiosis in the hnRNPI KO mouse model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male wild-type (WT) and hnRNPI KO mice were fed either a control protein diet (CON; 14.41% kcal protein) or a nutrient-dense modified diet (MOD; 28.83% kcal protein) for 22 weeks. Body weight, food intake, and colon histology were assessed. Goblet cells and mucin content were quantified using AB/PAS staining. CD4⁺ T-cell subpopulations were measured by flow cytometry. Gut microbial composition was identified using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and analyzed using QIIME2 and phyloseq. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons was used to assess diet and genotype interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Feeding the nutrient-dense modified (MOD) diet restored goblet cell numbers and mucin content in KO mice (p<0.05). MOD-fed KO mice had significantly lower IL17⁺ IFNγ⁺ CD4⁺ T cell subset in the colon than the WT-MOD mice (873 and 1885 cells, respectively, p<0.05). Feeding KO mice MOD significantly increased fecal Dubosiella sp. (24% in MOD-KO; 12% in CON-KO; p<0.05) and decreased Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 abundance (0.18% in MOD-KO; 2.3% in CON-KO; p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An optimized dietary protein restores colon goblet cells, modulates immune responses, and alleviates gut microbial dysbiosis. Our results highlight the benefits of optimized dietary protein in ameliorating intestinal inflammation and potentially enhancing gut health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Utilization and Discontinuation among a Representative Sample of the Active-Duty U.S. Military Service Members, 2020.","authors":"Matthew R Beymer, Courtney P Paolicelli, Joanna J Reagan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Service members in the United States military experience a higher prevalence of food insecurity (25%) when compared to civilians (10%). However, little is known about utilization of federally-funded programs including the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the association between demographics and nutrition assistance by examining food pantry utilization, SNAP participation, and WIC participation and discontinuation in a representative sample of U.S. military service members.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 2020 Status of Forces-Active Duty (n = 14,466) was a cross-sectional, probability-based survey of all U.S. military service members. The association between demographics and nutrition assistance was analyzed with four separate multivariable weighted logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 5.6% reported that they had accessed emergency food from a food pantry/food bank in the past 12 months; 13.5% of service members reported that they had ever successfully applied for WIC benefits while serving on active-duty; and 2% of service members reported they had ever successfully applied for SNAP benefits while serving on active-duty. Lower rank and lower financial security demonstrated a consistent association with nutrition assistance utilization across all four models. Respondents living off the installation had lower odds of reporting current WIC participation compared to respondents living on the installation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Expanding educational resources into military support programs is needed for military and family members to understand the availability of nutrition assistance programs. Poor nutrition can lead to health problems that may impact a service member's well-being and ability to perform their duties effectively. Future qualitative research is needed to identify barriers to SNAP and WIC utilization specifically to service members living off of the military installation, along with barriers for service members using WIC services in overseas locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}