Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Coffee Consumption and Mortality among United States Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Bingjie Zhou ,&nbsp;Mengyuan Ruan ,&nbsp;Yongyi Pan ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Fang Fang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although coffee consumption has been associated with a variety of health benefits, it remains unclear whether the addition of sugar and saturated fat modifies these effects.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the relationship between coffee intake, including the amount of added sugar and saturated fat, and mortality among United States adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018, linked to National Death Index Mortality Data. The study included 46,222 adults aged 20 y and older who completed valid first-day 24-h dietary recalls. Coffee consumption was categorized by type (caffeinated or decaffeinated) and by sugar (&lt;2.5 g per 8-oz), and saturated fat content (&lt;1 g per 8-oz). Mortality outcomes included all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality risk based on type, intake levels (nondrinkers, &lt;1 cup/d, 1 to &lt;2 cups/d, 2 to &lt;3 cups/d, and ≥3 cups/d) and the amount of added sugar and saturated fat.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a median follow-up of 9.3–11.3 y, a total of 7074 deaths occurred, including 1176 cancer-specific and 1089 CVD-specific deaths. Higher coffee consumption was associated with lower all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.89 (0.78, 1.02) for &lt; 1 cup/d; 0.84 (0.77, 0.92) for 1 to &lt;2 cups/d; 0.83 (0.75, 0.93) for 2 to &lt;3 cups/d; and 0.85 (0.77, 0.95) for ≥3 cups/d; <em>P</em>-trend = 0.004]. However, the mortality benefits were restricted to black coffee [HR (95% CI): 0.86 (0.77, 0.97)] and coffee with low added sugar and saturated fat content [HR (95% CI): 0.86 (0.75, 0.99)].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The health benefits of coffee consumption may be diminished when sugar and saturated fat are added.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2312-2321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal Energy Absorption Is Associated with Glycemic Variability in Young, Healthy Adults","authors":"M Alan Dawson ,&nbsp;Susan N Cheung ,&nbsp;Michael R La Frano ,&nbsp;Ravinder Nagpal ,&nbsp;Claire E Berryman","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although it is well established that humans are not capable of absorbing 100% of gross energy consumed from the diet, little is known regarding the association between intestinal energy absorption (i.e., digestibility) and metabolic health and gastrointestinal function.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this secondary analysis was to determine associations between energy digestibility and markers of cardiometabolic health and gastrointestinal function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixteen healthy adults consumed a weight-maintenance controlled diet for 9 d. During days 4–7, participants collected all stool and urine, which allowed for the measurement of energy and macronutrient loss and determination of digestibility (i.e., energy absorption). Relationships between energy digestibility, gastrointestinal transit time, and cardiometabolic health outcomes were assessed by Pearson and Spearman correlations. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify variables that could be collected in the laboratory and serve as a surrogate measure of energy digestibility.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean energy digestibility was 91.7% ± 1.5% with individual digestibility values ranging from 89.7% to 94.3%. Wet (<em>r</em> = –0.89, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and dry stool weight (<em>r</em> = –0.89, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), gross energy intake (<em>r</em> = –0.53, <em>P</em> = 0.034), and fiber intake (<em>r</em> = –0.53, <em>P</em> = 0.034) were inversely associated with digestibility. Glucose variability (mean amplitude of glycemic excursions; <em>r</em> = 0.68, <em>P</em> = 0.0056), colonic transit time (<em>r</em> = 0.63, <em>P</em> = 0.016), age (<em>r</em> = 0.63, <em>P</em> = 0.0093), and whole-gut transit time ( <em>r</em> = 0.54, <em>P</em> = 0.032) were positively associated with digestibility. Furthermore, in a multiple linear regression model, 95% of the variability in energy digestibility was explained by the dry weight of stool (g/d), 24-h blood glucose variability (mean amplitude of glycemic excursions; mg/dL), colonic transit time (h), whole-gut transit time (h), and age (y; adjusted <em>R</em>² = 0.95, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Energy digestibility is an important physiological variable associated with gastrointestinal function and glucose variability and should be considered in future precision nutrition trials.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This study was registered at the Florida State University Institutional Review Board and registered on <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as registration number NCT04877262 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04877262?id=NCT04877262&amp;rank=1</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2205-2214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioequivalence of Mulberry Fruit Extract and 1-Deoxynojirimycin for Postprandial Blood Glucose Lowering: A Randomized Trial in Humans","authors":"Anne-Roos Hoogenraad ,&nbsp;Marian Geldof ,&nbsp;Harry Hiemstra ,&nbsp;Arienne de Jong ,&nbsp;Guus S Duchateau ,&nbsp;David J Mela","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mulberry extracts can reduce postprandial blood glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses by slowing rates of glucose uptake following carbohydrate-rich meals. The presumed mechanism is the inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidase, mainly attributed to 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) in the extracts. However, other components including other iminosugars or polyphenols might also contribute to these effects.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The primary objective was to test the bioequivalence of a mulberry fruit extract (MFE) and an equal dose of the DNJ component alone, for reducing the PPG positive incremental area under the curve over 2 h (+iAUC_2hr) following a carbohydrate-rich test meal. A secondary objective was to assess the efficacy of MFE and DNJ for reducing PPG and PPI relative to a placebo.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Healthy adults (<em>n</em> = 84) participated in a balanced-order, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessing PPG and PPI following the addition of MFE (0.75 g, containing 2.90 mg DNJ), pure DNJ (2.90 mg) or placebo to rice meals containing 50 g available carbohydrate. Using United States Food and Drug Administration guidance, bioequivalence was determined by whether the 90% confidence interval (CI) of the ratio of the geometric means of the effects of DNJ compared with MFE was between 0.80 and 1.25.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The ratio of the effect of DNJ relative to MFE was 0.903 (90% CI: 0.801, 1.019), meeting the prespecified criterion for bioequivalence. Although both MFE and DNJ produced absolute reductions in mean PPG and PPI relative to the control, these effects were more robust for MFE than DNJ. Mean plasma DNJ levels were also higher following MFE than DNJ.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study confirms the bioequivalence of DNJ and MFE for reducing PPG responses in humans. However, although DNJ is largely responsible for this effect, other components of MFE, particularly 2-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-deoxynojirimycin as a precursor of DNJ, may contribute to its observed efficacy for reducing PPG and PPI.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This trial was prospectively registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT02599740 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02599740</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2164-2171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoglobin During Pregnancy Does Not Mediate the Relationship between Nutrition Supplements and Intrauterine Growth: A Secondary Data Analysis of Women First Preconception Nutrition Trial","authors":"Sumera Aziz Ali ,&nbsp;Linda Valeri ,&nbsp;Ka Kahe ,&nbsp;Jeanine M Genkinger ,&nbsp;Sarah Saleem ,&nbsp;Saleem Jessani ,&nbsp;Robert L Goldenberg ,&nbsp;Jamie E Westcott ,&nbsp;Jennifer F Kemp ,&nbsp;Ana L Garcés ,&nbsp;Lester Figueroa ,&nbsp;Shivaprasad S Goudar ,&nbsp;Sangappa M Dhaded ,&nbsp;Richard J Derman ,&nbsp;Antoinette Tshefu ,&nbsp;Adrien L Lokangaka ,&nbsp;Melissa S Bauserman ,&nbsp;Elizabeth M McClure ,&nbsp;Marion Koso Thomas ,&nbsp;Louise Kuhn ,&nbsp;Audrey E Hendricks","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nutrition supplements such as multiple micronutrient-fortified small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation (SQ-LNS) consumed either before or during pregnancy have been shown to improve intrauterine growth, but the mechanisms through which the supplements improve intrauterine growth remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examined whether hemoglobin (Hb) during pregnancy could be a potential mechanism through which multiple micronutrient-fortified SQ-LNS improve intrauterine growth.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data collected from women and newborns in a randomized controlled trial conducted in Pakistan, India, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Guatemala. Women were randomly assigned to consume multiple micronutrient-fortified SQ-LNS from preconception until birth (arm 1); consume the SQ-LNS from the second trimester of pregnancy until birth (arm 2); or no supplement (arm 3). Intrauterine growth, expressed as birth length, weight, and head circumference <em>Z</em>-scores, was the outcome. The mediator was Hb (g/dL) measured at 12 (<em>n =</em> 2075) and 32 wk of gestation (<em>n =</em> 2157). Causal mediation analysis was employed to estimate direct and indirect effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hb levels at 12 or 32 wk of gestation did not mediate the relation between the SQ-LNS and intrauterine growth. Indirect effects of preconception SQ-LNS (arm 1) compared with arm 3, mediated by Hb at 12 wk of gestation, were 0.02 [95% confidence interval (CI): –0.02, 0.01], 0.01 (95% CI: –0.01, 0.02), and 0.01 (95% CI: –0.01, 0.02) for length, weight, and head circumference <em>Z</em>-scores, respectively. The corresponding direct effects (95% CIs), not mediated by Hb, were 0.18 (0.09, 0.33), 0.12 (0.03, 0.23), and 0.06 (–0.03, 0.20), respectively. Site-specific and gestational age-adjusted data analyses at 12 and 32 wk of gestation confirmed the findings of no statistically significant mediated effects of Hb during pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The observed main effect of multiple micronutrient-fortified SQ-LNS on intrauterine growth was not mediated by Hb levels at 12 or 32 wk of gestation. The findings suggest exploring other pathways implicated in the association between the SQ-LNS and intrauterine growth.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as #NCT01883193 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01883193?term=01883193&amp;rank=1</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2385-2397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing One Health","authors":"Naïma Moustaïd-Moussa ,&nbsp;Ismahane Elouafi ,&nbsp;Ron L. Cook","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2043-2044"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Cognitive Outcome Through Nutrition and Health Markers Using Supervised Machine Learning","authors":"Shreya Verma ,&nbsp;Tori A Holthaus ,&nbsp;Shelby Martell ,&nbsp;Hannah D Holscher ,&nbsp;Ruoqing Zhu ,&nbsp;Naiman A Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Machine learning (ML) use in health research is growing, yet its application to predict cognitive outcomes using diverse health indicators is underinvestigated.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We used ML models to predict cognitive performance based on a set of health and behavioral factors, aiming to identify key contributors to cognitive function for insights into potential personalized interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 374 adults aged 19–82 y (227 females) were used to develop ML models predicting cognitive performance (reaction time in milliseconds) on a modified Eriksen flanker task. Features included demographics, anthropometric measures, dietary indices (Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Mediterranean, and Mediterranean–Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay), self-reported physical activity, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The data set was split (80:20) for training and testing. Predictive models (decision trees, random forest, AdaBoost, XGBoost, gradient boosting, linear, ridge, and lasso regression) were used with hyperparameter tuning and crossvalidation. Feature importance was calculated using permutation importance, whereas performance using mean absolute error (MAE) and mean squared error.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Random forest regressor exhibited the best performance, with the lowest MAE (training: 0.66 ms; testing: 0.78 ms) and mean squared error (training: 0.70 ms²; testing: 1.05 ms²). Age was the most significant feature (score: 0.208), followed by diastolic blood pressure (0.169), BMI (0.079), systolic blood pressure (0.069), and Healthy Eating Index (0.048). Ethnicity (0.005) and sex (0.003) had minimal predictive effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Age, blood pressure, and BMI show strong associations with cognitive performance, whereas diet quality has a subtler effect. These findings highlight the potential of ML models for developing personalized interventions and preventive strategies for cognitive decline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2144-2153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Contribution to Energy and Nutrient Intake from Dairy Foods in Children and Adults Using NHANES, 2015–2018","authors":"Kristin Fulgoni ,&nbsp;Victor L Fulgoni III ,&nbsp;Sanjiv Agarwal ,&nbsp;Kristin Ricklefs-Johnson ,&nbsp;Matthew A Pikosky ,&nbsp;Christopher J Cifelli","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends 2–3 servings of dairy a day, but most of the American population consumes less. Multiple factors can influence the intake of dairy including sex, age, ethnicity, and income.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to determine the calorie and nutrient contribution of dairy foods stratified by race/ethnicity in the United States to assess if messages regarding dairy recommendations should be tailored to different populations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2018 (<em>N</em> = 14,851) data were used to calculate the contribution of dairy and dairy products to underconsumed nutrients and nutrients of public health concern stratified by age and race/ethnicity. The population ratio method was used to determine the percentage of contribution of dairy foods to calories and nutrients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Milk was the top source of vitamin D and potassium from the dairy group, whereas cheese was the top source of calcium in children and adults. Both non-Hispanic Black children and adults consumed fewer nutrients from dairy, whereas non-Hispanic Asian children consumed more nutrients from dairy compared with their adult counterparts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Given the disparity in dairy intake, results suggest that concerted efforts are needed to develop targeted specific messages to different subgroups based on race/ethnicity to promote dairy intake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2333-2354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of REFRESH: A Dietary Screener for Rapid Evaluation FoR Environmentally Sustainable and Healthy Diets","authors":"Ujué Fresán ,&nbsp;Anna Boronat ,&nbsp;Itziar Zazpe ,&nbsp;Maira Bes-Rastrollo ,&nbsp;Joren Buekers ,&nbsp;Rafael de la Torre ,&nbsp;Guillaume Chevance","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The urgency of promoting sustainable diets, coupled with limited knowledge of dietary sustainability among health professionals, highlights the need for simple tools to assist in advocating for such diets in clinical settings.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to design a dietary screener to assess dietary healthiness and environmental sustainability, and validate it.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Rapid Evaluation FoR Environmentally Sustainable and Healthy diets (REFRESH) is a dichotomous tool targeting 10 key food groups for healthy diets with low environmental impacts. Each food group is scored as either 0 or 1 point, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 10—where 0 indicates the lowest and 10 the highest adherence to an environmentally sustainable and healthy diet. Internal consistency was assessed using the Kuder Richardson-20 (KR-20) coefficient. REFRESH’s relative validity was compared against food diaries, evaluating item agreement, and using Bland–Altman analysis for the total REFRESH score. Cross-classification was tested in low, medium, and high adherence to sustainable healthy diets, along with weighted kappa index. Construct validity was evaluated through Pearson correlation between REFRESH-derived scores and health-promoting and detrimental food groups and nutrients, and environmental impact indicators, as derived from food diaries.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>REFRESH had a KR-20 coefficient of 0.70, indicating good internal consistency. It showed high agreement with food diaries (60%–88% item agreement), and Bland-Altman analysis indicated that mean REFRESH scores were 1.1 points higher than food diaries. Cross-classification showed 59% agreement between methods, with only 1% of participants misclassified in the opposite category. REFRESH-derived scores positively correlated with health-promoting food groups and nutrients, and negatively with detrimental ones. Higher scores were linked to reduced environmental impacts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>REFRESH has demonstrated good validity for assessing dietary healthiness and environmental sustainability, helping identify individuals with suboptimal diets. REFRESH can be downloaded from <span><span>https://osf.io/avby9/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2122-2131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Estimating Ultraprocessed Food Intake According to the Nova Classification System in the United States NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study","authors":"Erikka Loftfield ,&nbsp;Pei Zhang ,&nbsp;Caitlin P O’Connell ,&nbsp;Lisa L Kahle ,&nbsp;Kirsten Herrick ,&nbsp;Leila Abar ,&nbsp;Neha Khandpur ,&nbsp;Eurídice Martínez Steele ,&nbsp;Hyokyoung G Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>How accurately ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake is measured by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We evaluated the performance of a 124-item FFQ for estimating UPF intake with Nova.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 1311 NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study participants who completed 2 nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls (24HDR) and 2 FFQ, we used 2 methods to estimate UPF intake. First, 4 experts independently matched FFQ items to food descriptions from another FFQ classified previously according to Nova. Discordant descriptions were discussed, and a consensus reached. Second, data from the 1994–1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intake of Individuals were used to match disaggregated FFQ items to Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) and standard reference (SR) codes. Nova classification of FNDDS and SR codes was based on database linkage. We evaluated FFQ performance using a measurement error model with 2 24HDR as the reference to estimate validity coefficients (ρ_Q,T) and attenuation factors (λ_Q). We applied parametric bootstrapping to construct 95% confidence intervals, accounting for the repeated measures structure in the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For energy-adjusted, kilocalories from UPF (kcal/d), ρ_Q,T were 0.50 (0.39–0.61) and 0.44 (0.30–0.59), for males and females, respectively, for the expert consensus method (ECM) and 0.52 (0.40–0.63) and 0.43 (0.29–0.57) for the food code method (FCM). For energy-adjusted, gram weight from UPF (g/d), ρ_Q,T were 0.65 (0.60–0.71) and 0.66 (0.60–0.72) for the ECM and 0.66 (0.52–0.65) and 0.66 (0.59–0.72) for the FCM; λ_Q were ≥0.50 for both methods. UPF variables, defined using the ECM and FCM but expressed in the same unit, were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.97).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>FCM, performed similarly to ECM but has the potential to standardize UPF exposures across studies because the Nova categorization is assigned at a more granular level through database linkage. UPF intake based on energy-adjusted gram weight outperformed intake based on energy alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2376-2384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Maternal Whole Blood Selenium with Cardiac Structure at 4 y of Age: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study","authors":"Xiaowen Wang ,&nbsp;Caifang Xu ,&nbsp;Hualin Wang ,&nbsp;Bowen Du ,&nbsp;Qianchuo Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuoyan Li ,&nbsp;Zhikang Xu ,&nbsp;Zhi Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Fengxiu Ouyang ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Currently, little is known about the relationship between maternal blood selenium levels and offspring cardiac structure.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the association of maternal whole blood selenium levels during early pregnancy with children’s cardiac structure at 4 y of age.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from the Shanghai Birth Cohort, this study analyzed the data from 956 mother–child pairs. Multiple linear or logistic regressions and restricted cubic splines were used to explore the association of maternal whole blood selenium levels with offspring cardiac structure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Low maternal selenium levels were associated with increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness at systole [<em>β</em> = 0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06, 0.53], left ventricular posterior wall thickness at diastole (LVPWd) (<em>β</em> = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.31), and relative wall thickness (RWT) (<em>β</em> = 0.011, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.019) in male offspring. Moreover, maternal selenium showed a U-shape curve with left ventricular mass index (<em>P</em> for nonlinearity = 0.002), LVPWd (<em>P</em> for nonlinearity = 0.035), interventricular septal thickness at systole (<em>P</em> for nonlinearity = 0.006), and RWT (<em>P</em> for nonlinearity = 0.013) in male offspring. However, no significant association of structural changes was found in female offspring. Compared with offspring with medium maternal selenium levels, the increased risk of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (odds ratio = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.81, 9.45) was only found in male offspring with lower maternal selenium levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Low maternal selenium levels were associated with cardiac structural changes and higher LVH risk in preschool male offspring, whereas no correlation was found in female offspring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 7","pages":"Pages 2244-2252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}