Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Modifying Microbial Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia-A Precision Nutrition Study of Magnesium Supplementation, TRPM7 Genotypes, and Gut Microbiome.","authors":"Hong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective: Food Is Medicine: Hype or Hope?","authors":"Andrea J Glenn, Frank B Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food is medicine (FIM) initiatives are food-based nutrition interventions to prevent or manage chronic disease and improve overall health. It is increasingly embraced across healthcare systems, policymakers, and researchers as a promising strategy to address diet-related chronic diseases. Despite this enthusiasm, questions have been raised about whether FIM is overhyped, given the still limited evidence. FIM incorporates interventions such as medically tailored meals, medically tailored groceries, teaching kitchens (TKs), and food prescriptions. Emerging evidence demonstrates these programs' benefits in improving diet quality such as increased fruit and vegetable consumption and some improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors. Limited evidence also indicated potential healthcare cost savings and reduced hospitalizations associated with FIM interventions. Recent advances in FIM include increased medical nutrition education for physicians, precision nutrition approaches, and the use of artificial intelligence in nutritional assessments and personalized meal planning. In addition, community-based programs have integrated culturally relevant foods, whereas culinary medicine and TKs provide more hands-on nutrition education, aimed to improve culinary skills, and promote behavioral changes. Historical and cultural dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean and Asian diets, can be incorporated into contemporary FIM strategies. FIM, however, faces many challenges such as the potential overmedicalization of food, limitations in current evidence (e.g., small sample sizes and short follow-up), logistical and operational barriers, and issues of access and equity among underserved populations. Future research needs include larger, long-term trials and real-world evidence from natural experiments, more rigorous economic evaluations, and the evaluations of digital health applications. Aligning FIM with broader public health goals and fostering interdisciplinary partnerships are crucial for its sustained impact and greater integration into healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiome Genes Involved in Plant and Mucin Breakdown Correlate with Diet and Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Healthy United States Adults.","authors":"Sarah E Blecksmith, Andrew Oliver, Zeynep Alkan, Danielle G Lemay","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary carbohydrates shape the composition and function of gut microbes, which may potentially influence human health. It is not known if these diet-microbiome relationships are relevant to healthy American adults.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We hypothesized that intake of dietary fiber by healthy adults would be associated with the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) capacity of their gut microbiome and that this capacity would be negatively correlated with gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed dietary data, GI inflammation, and CAZyme profiles from shotgun metagenomes of fecal samples in the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Nutritional Phenotyping Study cohort of healthy United States adults (n = 330).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CAZyme diversity varied across participants. Plant CAZyme diversity and abundance correlated significantly with fecal pH (Shannon: adjusted R² = 0.053, P < 0.001; Chao1: adjusted R² = 0.056, P < 0.001; abundance: adjusted R² = 0.036, P < 0.001) and habitual energy-adjusted total fiber (Shannon: adjusted R² = 0.015, P = 0.029; abundance: adjusted R² = 0.015, P = 0.010) and soluble fiber intake (Shannon: adjusted R² = 0.017, P = 0.019; abundance: adjusted R² = 0.015, P = 0.0010). The ratio of mucin-degrading CAZymes to plant-degrading enzymes, coined here as the metric Muc2Plant, varied across participants and differed by sex (Wilcoxon, P = 0.035) and body mass index (adjusted R² = 0.028, P = 0.017). Muc2Plant positively correlated with GI inflammation (calprotectin: adjusted R² = 0.038, P = 0.001; neopterin: adjusted R² = 0.071, P < 0.001). Machine learning (ML) classification models were used to identify specific foods (e.g., potatoes) and microbes (e.g., Lachnospiraceae) as predictors of low Muc2Plant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results support the relevance of diet-microbiome relationships even in healthy adults, and that reduction of Muc2Plant, via dietary and/or microbial interventions, would be a beneficial health target to potentially prevent dysbiosis and reduce GI inflammation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02367287.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Probiotics Influence Adaptive Thermogenesis Induced by Continuous Energy Restriction after a 12-Week Intervention in Adult Males Living with Obesity? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial (São Paulo Clinical Study of Obesity and Intestinal Microbiota).","authors":"Catarina Bortoloto França Ferracini, Camila Guazzelli Marques, Fernanda Patti Nakamoto, Filipa Bettencourt Alves Carrilho, Ana Carolina Oumatu Magalhaes, Analiza Mônica Silva, Catarina L Nunes, Camila Maria de Melo, Glaice Aparecida Lucin, Gabriela Lima Mendes, Raphael Einsfeld Simões Ferreira, Leonardo Azevedo Mobília Alvares, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos, Marcus V L Dos Santos Quaresma","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adaptive thermogenesis represents a metabolic adaptation that reduces energy expenditure beyond what is expected from changes in fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) following continuous energy restriction (CER). This phenomenon may impair long-term weight loss maintenance. Emerging evidence suggests that modulation of the gut microbiota may influence energy metabolism, yet the impact of probiotic supplementation on adaptive thermogenesis in humans remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether probiotic supplementation could attenuate adaptive thermogenesis induced by CER in adult males with obesity over a 12-wk intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, adult males (body mass index: 30.0-39.9 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to receive either CER combined with probiotics (CERPRO), or CER combined with placebo (CERPLA) for 12 wk. The CER was set at 30% below total daily energy expenditure, which was calculated based on resting energy expenditure measured (REE_m) via indirect calorimetry multiplied by a physical activity factor (1.5) and adjusted for the thermic effect of food (10%). Adaptive thermogenesis was calculated as the difference between REE_m and predicted REE, adjusting for body composition changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine males participantes were randomized (n = 25 CERPLA; n = 24 CERPRO). Both groups experienced reductions in body weight, FM, and REE_m over 12 wk (P < 0.001), with no differences between groups (P > 0.05). Adaptive thermogenesis was present in both CERPRO (-129 ± 169 kcal) and CERPLA (-127 ± 165 kcal) groups, with no differences between groups (P = 0.966). No additive effect of probiotic supplementation was observed on REE_m, adaptive thermogenesis, FM, or FFM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Probiotic supplementation did not attenuate CER-induced adaptive thermogenesis in males with obesity. Despite substantial reductions in REE_m and FM, the presence of adaptive thermogenesis persisted regardless of probiotic use. These findings suggest that probiotics do not modify metabolic adaptations associated with CER in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Dietary Palmitic and Stearic Acid Decreases De Novo Synthesis of Milk Fatty Acids in Dairy Cows Based on Modeling Natural Carbon Isotope Enrichment.","authors":"Yusuf A Adeniji, Richard P Shepardson, Kevin J Harvatine","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mammary de novo lipogenesis is dynamic, but total lipogenesis is not easily quantified because palmitic acid is also available from dietary absorption.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to quantify the effect of dietary palmitic and stearic concentrations on mammary de novo lipogenesis using natural ¹³C enrichment differences in ingredients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve midlactation Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Treatments were a low-fat basal diet that contained ∼85% corn-derived ingredients (CON) and the basal diet with an additional 1.95% dietary fatty acid (FA) from a high palmitic acid (HP), high stearic acid (HS), or blend of palmitic and stearic acid (PS) supplement derived from palm oil. Carbon (C) isotope enrichments in feed and milk FAs were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and de novo lipogenesis calculated. Data analyzed as a mixed model and means separated using a protected least significant difference test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the low-fat control, 83% ± 2.62% of the 16-C FA in milk fat were calculated to be from de novo lipogenesis. Increasing dietary palmitic acid in PS and HP decreased de novo 16-C FAs by 27 and 82 g/d respectively (P < 0.001) compared with CON but total de novo synthesized FAs decreased by 130 g/d in HP only (P < 0.001). The transfer efficiency of dietary 16-C FAs to milk fat was between 44% and 49%. The basal diet accounted for 98.3% ± 2.56% of the 18-C FAs in milk fat in the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Natural ¹³C isotope enrichment allowed calculation of the contribution of de novo lipogenesis to 16- and 18-C FAs in milk fat. The proportion of de novo synthesized 16-C FAs was higher than expected when feeding a lower fat diet and was differentially decreased by increasing dietary palmitic and stearic acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Adiposity and Inflammation: Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency in Pregnancy.","authors":"Sabrina P Demirdjian, Maria S Mulhern, Maeve A Kerr, Mark Ledwidge, Raghad M Alhomaid, Paul D Thompson, Mary T McCann","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity and iron deficiency (ID) are global health concerns in pregnancy, with serious consequences for mother and offspring. The inflammatory state associated with obesity and its potential contribution to ID/anemia is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to investigate the associations among maternal adiposity, the mediating role of inflammation, and iron status. We also aim to examine how adiposity affects the predictive accuracy of early pregnancy iron markers for late pregnancy ID risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis of a double-blind randomized controlled trial included singleton pregnancies supplemented with a multivitamin containing 17 mg/d of iron. Body mass index (BMI), body composition [12 gestational weeks (GW)], iron markers (12, 28, 36 GW), and hemoglobin/hematological indices (12, 28 GW, postpartum) were assessed. Proinflammatory cytokines were used to calculate an inflammation score and categorized as high/low inflammation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 125 pregnant women were included: 43 normal weight, 44 overweight, and 38 with obesity. At 36 GW, ID was present in 50% of women with obesity, 40.9% of those overweight, and 30.2% with normal BMI. High BMI and fat mass index (FMI) at 12 GW predicted lower ferritin at 36 GW (BMI β = -0.253, P = 0.020; FMI β = -0.265, P = 0.010), and all adiposity measures predicted higher soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR). Transferrin saturation was lower in women with obesity at 12 and 28 GW (12 GW 23.9%, 24.5%, 30.3%, P = 0.016; 28 GW 13.2%, 17.7%, 17.2% P < 0.001, obesity, overweight, and normal weight, respectively). At 36 GW, pregnant women with obesity and higher inflammation score had lower ferritin than normal weight women (15.0 compared with 20.3 μg/L, P = 0.041). sTfR at 12 GW was the best predictor of ID at 36 GW [area under curve (AUC) = 0.738, P < 0.001], especially in overweight/obesity (AUC = 0.744, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High adiposity, mediated by inflammation, increases the risk of ID in the late third trimester. sTfR in early pregnancy emerges as an effective marker for predicting ID in late pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Duration Modifies the Association of the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score With Metabolic Syndrome in Midlife Women in Mexico.","authors":"Haneen Bou Ghanem, Maria M Kofas, Karen E Peterson, Alejandra Cantoral, Abeer Aljahdali, Libni Torres-Olascoaga, Martha M Tellez-Rojo, Erica C Jansen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and better sleep health have independently been associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, their combined effect has rarely been considered.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine whether sleep duration modifies the association between adherence to the alternate Mediterranean (aMed) diet and MetS among midlife Mexican women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analytic sample consisted of 410 women with a mean age of 48.2 ± 6.1 years participating in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study. Diet was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The mean daily sleep duration was measured with 7-d wrist actigraphy (Actigraph GTX-BT). MetS was defined on the basis of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between higher adherence to the aMed diet and MetS and between sleep duration and MetS, each controlling for age, socioeconomic status, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. To assess the potential modifying role of sleep duration, stratified analysis by sleep status was conducted, where participants were categorized as having adequate sleep (≥7 h/d) or inadequate sleep (<7 h/d) on average across the week. Statistical interaction was also tested in a logistic model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MetS was identified in 49.8% of participants, and 56.6% had a mean sleep duration of <7 h/d. Neither higher adherence to the aMed diet nor sleep duration alone was associated with MetS. However, the stratified analysis showed that among women with inadequate sleep, higher adherence to the aMed diet was related to 16% lower odds of MetS (odds ratio: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.99; P-interaction = 0.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Associations between diet and MetS are only observed in the presence of inadequate sleep duration, suggesting a potential interaction that warrants further investigation through longitudinal research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12416764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between the Concentration of Serum Vitamin D and Ovarian Reserve Among Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology.","authors":"Longbao Xu, Lanlan Fang, Mengyao Gao, Guosheng Wang, Yongzhen Peng, Yubo Ma, Faming Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that 25-OH vitamin D has a significant positive effect on ovarian reserve in women; however, findings from population-based studies have been inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate whether there is an association between serum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations and ovarian reserve.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1488 women aged 20-50 y undergoing assisted reproductive treatment. Antimüllerian hormone, antral follicle count (AFC), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are used as markers of ovarian reserve. Diminished ovarian reserve is defined by low concentrations of antimüllerian hormone (≤1.1 ng/mL), high concentrations of FSH (≥10 IU/L), or low concentrations of AFC (≤7). Poisson regression, multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to assess the association between 25-OH vitamin D and ovarian reserve biomarkers, as well as risk of diminished ovarian reserve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the Poisson regression model, we found a significant positive correlation between vitamin D and AFC (β: 0.003; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.005). Moreover, BMI demonstrated a significant interaction effect in the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and AFC concentrations (P-interaction = 0.03). Stratified analyses further revealed that the positive association between vitamin D and AFC was only observed among individuals with lower BMI (<24 kg/m²), whereas no significant association was found in the higher BMI group. Additionally, we also identified a significant nonlinear relationship between 25-OH vitamin D and FSH (P-nonlinear < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>25-Hydroxyvitamin D is associated with higher AFC concentrations, and FSH exhibits an inverted U-shaped trend as vitamin D concentration increase. These findings suggest that 25-OH vitamin D may have a potential positive role in maintaining female ovarian health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish Intake and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Black Women's Health Study.","authors":"Sarah M Rothbard, Julie R Palmer, Laura S Chiu, Lynn Rosenberg, Jessica L Petrick","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Black Americans have the highest colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates of any racial/ethnic group in the United States. Diets high in fish consumption and long-chain n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with reduced risk of CRC. Black Americans have higher overall fish consumption than White Americans but are more likely to consume fish that are lower in n-3 PUFAs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We prospectively assessed fish intake and PUFAs in relation to risk of CRC, using data from the Black Women's Health Study (1995-2021).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dietary data were collected from validated food frequency questionnaires completed by participants in 1995 and 2001. Cox-proportional hazards regression models were utilized to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between fish/PUFA intake and incident CRC. Models were adjusted for total caloric intake, fruit/vegetable intake, and red meat intake, among other factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 52,690 Black women aged 21-69 y at baseline, 687 women developed incident CRC over 24 y of follow-up. High intake of baked fish (>8.09 g/1000 kcal), compared with low intake (<0.38 g/1000 kcal), was associated with a 26% reduced risk of incident CRC (HR_{Q4 v Q1} = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.96; P_trend = 0.058), which was notable for proximal colon cancer (HR_{Q4 v Q1} = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.86; P_trend = 0.038). No associations between PUFA intakes and overall CRC risk were found. The HR for n-3 PUFA intake in relation to proximal colon cancer risk was 0.61 (95% CI_{Q4 v Q1}: 0.39, 0.93; P_trend = 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that high intake of baked fish was associated with a decreased CRC risk. This finding suggests that increasing baked fish intake could be a valuable strategy for CRC prevention among Black women.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Dependent Amino Acid Metabolism.","authors":"Caiyun You, Xiaoyi Long, Haiyang Wei, Yingying Lu, Xutong Guo, Sishen Wang, Zhihong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the amino acid metabolic characteristics in the intestines and liver of pigs is critically important for nutritional interventions aimed at improving nitrogen utilization efficiency.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explored age-dependent variations in amino acid metabolism within the liver and intestinal tissues of growing-finishing pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty boars (Duroc × Landrace × Large White, 36.48 ± 0.72 kg, 90 d old) were fed a standard corn-soybean meal diet. Eight pigs were killed at ages of 90 (D 90), 120 (D120), 150 (D 150), 180 (D180), and 210 (D 210) d. After slaughter, liver, jejunal mucosa, and intestinal contents were analyzed for metabolic enzyme activity, RNA/protein expression, microbiota, and metabolomics. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.2 linear/quadratic models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant decrease in the activities of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase-Ⅰ and ornithine transcarbamylase in the liver at D 210 compared with D 180 (P < 0.05). The activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in the jejunal mucosa were higher at D 210 than at D 90 (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase-Ⅰ in the liver was significantly downregulated in pigs at D 150 and D 210 compared with D 120 (P < 0.05). The phosphorylation of target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in the liver showed a decrease at D 210 compared with D 150 and D 180 (P < 0.05). Targeted metabolomic analysis of the liver revealed 31 differentially abundant metabolites (P < 0.05), enriched in tryptophan/glutamate metabolism. There were close correlations between glutamate and tryptophan metabolites (e.g., N-formylkynurenine) and certain colonic microbes (e.g., Temporobacter) (r = 0.72, P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The activities of jejunal glutamine-cycle enzymes rise with age, whereas the activity of ornithine-cycle enzymes and mTORC1 expression in the liver decline. Additionally, specific colonic bacteria are closely associated with glutamate/tryptophan metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}