Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Antidiabetic Kidney Disease Benefits of Feeding Rice Starch/Inulin-Enriched Extruded Rice to Diabetes Homozygous Mice","authors":"Aoyue Sun,&nbsp;Chengbin Sun,&nbsp;Wei Gao,&nbsp;Haiteng Tao,&nbsp;Haibo Zhao,&nbsp;Bin Yu,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang,&nbsp;Pengfei Liu,&nbsp;Bo Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the commonest cause of end-stage kidney disease. Supplementation of dietary fiber may have potential benefits for patients with DKD.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study developed a type of functional extruded rice (FER) with rice starch and 10% inulin using twin-screw extrusion, and its beneficial effects on DKD mice were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mice were divided into control (CON) group (diabetes heterozygous mice fed a normal diet containing extruded rice starch without inulin), model (MOD) group [diabetic MOD, diabetes homozygous mice (db/db) mice fed a normal diet containing extruded rice starch without inulin], FER-fed (RERF) group (db/db mice fed a normal diet containing FER), and metformin-treated group (positive CON, db/db mice treated with metformin and fed a normal diet containing extruded rice starch without inulin).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Physicochemical analysis revealed that resistant starch content was significantly increased by 403.57% in FER compared with extruded rice starch without inulin, which was caused by inulin–starch interactions. Compared with the MOD group, the FER-fed (RERF) group decreased fasting blood glucose by 32.70%, serum creatinine by 50.96%, urea nitrogen by 26.89%, tumor necrosis factor–α by 34.98%, and interleukin-6 by 37.70% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Histopathology results showed reduced glomerular swelling and colon inflammation in the RERF group compared with the MOD group. Consumption of the FER diet reshaped the profile of gut microbiota, increasing abundances of short-chain fatty acid–producing <em>Anaerostipes</em> and reducing proinflammatory <em>Alistipes</em>. Compared with the MOD group, the RERF group increased acetic acid by 86.88%, propanoic acid by 154.08%, and butanoic acid by 319.56% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings indicate that FER could be utilized as a food for special dietary use in patients with diabetic kidney, given the dietary fiber–enriched rice's ability to mitigate DKD in an appropriate mouse disease MOD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 8","pages":"Article 101579"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147941590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance with Low-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation Prevents Low Vitamin D Status among Children in Northern Ireland","authors":"Mairead E Kiely","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 8","pages":"Article 101682"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148283695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Vitamin D Status and Associated Health Outcomes in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Emily Royle,&nbsp;Dominique U Glatt,&nbsp;Emeir M McSorley,&nbsp;Kirsty Pourshahidi,&nbsp;David J Armstrong,&nbsp;Laura Grimley,&nbsp;Mary M Slevin,&nbsp;Cealan O Henry,&nbsp;James E McMullan,&nbsp;R Revuelta Iniesta,&nbsp;Jane T McCluskey,&nbsp;Nigel Gleeson,&nbsp;Pamela J Magee","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vitamin D is a key regulator of musculoskeletal growth, immune regulation, and cognitive function in children. As children in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland are at risk of vitamin D deficiency due to the northern latitude, supplementation is recommended. To our knowledge, the effect of supplementation on status and related health outcomes has not been investigated in children residing in the UK/Ireland.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the effect of vitamin D₃ supplementation on vitamin D status and related health outcomes in children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The D vitamin in children study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, conducted among healthy children (aged 4–11 y). Children received 12 wk of either 10 <em>μ</em>g/d vitamin D₃ or a placebo devoid of vitamin D (control) in the form of an oral spray. The primary outcome, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and secondary outcomes, including grip strength, balance, cognitive function, winter status, immune markers, and bone turnover markers, were assessed pre- and postintervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One hundred eighteen participants completed the study (mean age 8.1 ± 1.8 y; 51% girls). Supplementation significantly increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (from 66.31 ± 17.26 nmol/L to 69.04 ± 16.93 nmol/L) compared to a decline in the placebo group (63.67 ± 19.48 nmol/L to 56.29 ± 18.58 nmol/L; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and prevented deficiency during the extended winter months. No effects were observed on muscle function, cognitive function, immune function, or bone turnover markers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent in UK/Irish children, and supplementation in the form of an oral spray is effective in achieving/maintaining an adequate status in most children. Further research is warranted to elucidate mechanisms underpinning nonresponse to supplementation and to further investigate the potential beneficial effects of supplementation on cognitive function.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05018988.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 8","pages":"Article 101493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating ChatGPT for Carbohydrate Counting Accuracy in Diabetes Management: A Precision Health Approach","authors":"Serkan Aslan,&nbsp;Saniye Sözlü","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) tools have recently shown significant progress in advancing precision health. However, despite this progress, the use of AI in carbohydrate counting—a skill essential for diabetes management that presents challenges in learning and implementation—remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ChatGPT in creating a snack and diet plan with a certain amount of carbohydrate using carbohydrate counting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Study data were obtained using ChatGPT (GPT-5 version), which is freely available to the public. ChatGPT was asked to create a daily diet plan with a 45% carbohydrate content and 4 different snack options (standard, dairy, fruit, and whole grains) with 15 and 30 g of carbohydrates. Carbohydrate and energy values of the foods were calculated using a nutrition database.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For snack prompts, carbohydrate values did not significantly differ from the predefined 15-g and 30-g targets in most categories (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Significant differences were found in absolute deviation values in the 15-g prompt-standard group. In the 2000-kcal daily diet plan, the mean carbohydrate percentage (45%) and gram value (225 g) were achieved; however, total energy values significantly exceeded the 2000-kcal target (<em>p</em> = 0.008).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although ChatGPT demonstrated high accuracy in approximating predefined carbohydrate targets at the mean level, deviations in total energy and variability across prompts suggest challenges in simultaneously satisfying multiple nutritional constraints. These findings highlighted both the potential and the limitations of ChatGPT in carbohydrate counting and support the need for expert oversight in clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 8","pages":"Article 101512"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on the Protein Recommendations in the 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.","authors":"Stefan M Pasiakos, Teresa A Davis, David M Klurfeld, Marian L Neuhouser, Nancy R Rodriguez, Daniel Tomé","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) introduced substantial controversy by diverging from long-standing practices and many scientific recommendations of the 2025 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC). The final guidelines promote dietary protein intake of 1.2 to 1.6 g/kg/d. These recommendations rely on a rapid systematic review of randomized controlled trials focused on weight-management outcomes and, to a lesser extent, a narrative review on nutrient adequacy. Recognizing protein as a component of a healthy diet is consistent with recent editions and a strength of the 2025-2030 DGA. However, the 2025-2030 DGA emphasizes a single dimension of the evidence base and gives limited attention to the relationship between protein intake and risk for, or management of, diet-related chronic disease, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and bone disease. The scientific basis underlying the new protein guidance was, in our assessment, insufficiently comprehensive while also departing from the DGA process to be food based and not nutrient based in the context of protein. These recommendations also lack sufficient clarity to distinguish between varying dietary macronutrient strategies for managing body weight in individuals with overweight or obesity and the specific protein requirements linked to the physiological roles of individual amino acids. The Scientific Foundation for the 2025-2030 DGA states that the recommendations were developed independent of equity and inclusion, raising practical concerns with how new higher protein targets will be interpreted and applied across diverse populations and federal nutrition programs. In this Perspective, we summarize the new protein recommendations, compare them with past DGA editions, the Scientific Report of the 2025 DGAC, and current population-level protein intake patterns, as well as highlight strengths and areas needing additional clarity or research. Central to our perspective is the view that evidence derived from weight loss studies does not provide a sufficient scope of evidence to support a universal dietary protein recommendation for all Americans across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148584625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The \"Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development: Knowledge Indicating Dietary Sufficiency (BOND-KIDS)\" Project-Justification and Conceptual Approach.","authors":"Daniel J Raiten, Donald Ap Bundy, Diane DeBernardo, Alison L Steiber, Constantina Papoutsakis, Elizabeth Y Jimenez, Gabriela V Proaño, Mary Rozga, Andrew A Bremer","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global food and nutrition enterprise is confronted with daunting challenges to all aspects of the food system, from social/economic/political crises to pandemic diseases to climate change, all of which impact our ability to meet the health needs of a growing population. The response has been focused on vulnerable groups and critical periods of human development, starting with the \"first 1000 d\" (i.e., pregnancy and the first 2 y of life). However, another critical developmental period, the \"next 7000 d\" (i.e., 2-21 y of age), has received less attention in terms of efforts to inform our understanding of the role of nutrition in the health and development of children and adolescents. Although significant effort has gone into providing nutritional support to school-aged children (particularly via school-based programs), a lack of research (and thus evidence) has constrained our ability to assess the need for and impact of these programs on health and development. The recent impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our ability to provide services to this vulnerable age group has highlighted not only the need to redouble efforts to address the effects of food and nutrition insecurity on these children but also a daunting lack of evidence to inform the development and evaluation of such programs. When viewed as a complex biological system, we can understand that school-aged children interact with both internal (biological, genetic, and nutritional) and external (social/behavioral/economic/political, home, community, and physical) environments (i.e., an ecology). The \"Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development: Knowledge Indicating Dietary Sufficiency (BOND-KIDS)\" Project was initiated to apply a transdisciplinary approach to address this ecology and help inform the range of communities involved in providing nutritional support to school-aged children in the United States and globally. This Executive Summary provides an overview of the conceptual approach, goals, objectives, and process of the BOND-KIDS Project.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Association of Elevated Blood Vitamin A Level and Severity of Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Humans","authors":"Duanrui OuYang,&nbsp;Xiaoting Peng,&nbsp;Yuping Huang,&nbsp;Guoxun Chen,&nbsp;Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101590","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In recent years, improvements in living standards and shifts in dietary patterns have led to metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. MASLD is closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome, although its precise pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. The disease encompasses a spectrum of conditions ranging from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) . Global estimates indicate that the prevalence of MASLD is 25% and continues to rise, with even higher rates observed in Asia. NASH represents a critical stage in the progression of MASLD, and approximately 20% of patients with NASH eventually progress to metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to investigate the association between serum levels of vitamin A, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and the severity of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in humans.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 231 patients with MASLD were recruited and stratified into mild (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 38), moderate (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 68), and severe (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 65) groups on the basis of diagnosis of transient elastography. A control group with 60 healthy individuals was also enrolled. Serum levels of vitamin A, RBP4, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ–glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), total bilirubin, bile acids, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), lipid profiles, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin-6 were measured and compared among groups.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;No significant differences were observed in age, sex, or smoking status among the groups (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &gt; 0.05). However, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was significantly higher in patients with MASLD than in healthy individuals (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). The serum levels of ALT, AST, and γ-GT increased significantly with MASLD severity (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). Among inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 level was significantly elevated in patients with MASLD (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). The serum levels of CRP, PCT, total bilirubin, bile acids, CEA, and AFP were not significantly different among the groups. Serum vitamin A and RBP4 levels were significantly higher in patients with MASLD than in controls and showed a strong positive correlation with disease severity (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Serum levels of vitamin A and RBP4 in patients with MASLD are significantly elevated and correlated with disease severity, showing an association between blood vitamin A level and MASLD severity. Further well-designed studies are needed to evaluate whether these changes can serve as potential biomarkers for assessing MASLD severity.&lt;/div","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101590"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147874476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Erythroid Indices Have Better Prognostic Accuracy than Conventional Erythroid Indices for Early Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency and Associated Brain Metabolomic Changes in Nonhuman Primate Infants","authors":"Raghavendra B Rao,&nbsp;Zhiyu Kang,&nbsp;Kathleen M Ennis-Czerniak,&nbsp;Gabriele R Lubach,&nbsp;Eric F Lock,&nbsp;Pamela J Kling,&nbsp;Michael K Georgieff,&nbsp;Christopher L Coe","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hemoglobin (Hgb) lacks sensitivity for early detection of iron deficiency (ID) and associated brain metabolic dysregulation in infancy. The utility of newer erythroid indices for early diagnosis of ID and altered brain metabolome is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to compare conventional and newer erythroid indices for predicting ID, anemia, and altered brain metabolome using a nonhuman primate model of infantile ID.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Serum iron panel and erythroid indices were determined at 2 wk and 2, 4, and 6 months in male and female infant rhesus monkeys born to mothers consuming a 180 mg Fe/kg diet (<em>n =</em> 51). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolomic profiles were obtained at 2 and 4 months in a subset of ID and iron-sufficient infants (<em>n</em> = 10). Accuracy for prediction of ID [transferrin saturation (TSAT) &lt;20%], anemia (Hgb &lt;10 g/dL), and CSF metabolomic changes was evaluated using <em>t</em> tests, regression models, and canonical correlation analysis (CCA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty infants (39.2%) developed ID and 13 (25.5%) progressed to anemia. At 2 wk, newer erythroid indices—immature reticulocyte fraction, reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-H<em>e</em>), and difference between hemoglobin in reticulocytes and that in mature red blood cells (Delta-H<em>e</em>)—were altered in infants who subsequently developed ID, and, along with percentage hypohemoglobinized and hyperhemoglobinized erythrocytes, predicted the future likelihood of ID and anemia (false discovery rate &lt;0.05). Hgb was not predictive of ID or anemia until 2 mo. Among erythroid indices, Delta-H<em>e</em> was the best predictor, with an accuracy of 84% for both, and was comparable with TSAT. CCA demonstrated correlations between 4-mo CSF metabolomic profile and 2-wk (<em>r</em> = 0.71), 2-mo (<em>r</em> = 0.82), and 4-mo (<em>r</em> = 0.79) erythroid profiles. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and RET-H<em>e</em> were the largest contributors to the correlations between the 2-wk and 2-mo erythroid profiles and the 4-mo CSF metabolomic profile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Newer erythroid indices detect ID, anemia, and brain metabolomic alterations earlier than conventional indices in infant monkeys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101642"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148176077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Chow to Conclusions: Why Standardizing Laboratory Animal Diets Is Essential for Rigor, Reproducibility, and Translational Relevance in Nutrition Research","authors":"Beverly Sara Muhlhausler","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101585","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101585"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147987890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Circulating Lipidomic Biomarkers of Malnutrition Risk among Oncology Patients in the Total Cancer Care (TCC) Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis","authors":"Rachel Hoobler,&nbsp;J Alan Maschek,&nbsp;Bai Luo,&nbsp;E Angela Murphy,&nbsp;Jason L Kubinak,&nbsp;Paul A Stewart,&nbsp;James E Cox,&nbsp;Amandine Chaix,&nbsp;Kary Woodruff,&nbsp;Alejandro Sanchez,&nbsp;Adriana M Coletta,&nbsp;Fred K Tabung,&nbsp;Sumati Gupta,&nbsp;Sheetal Hardikar,&nbsp;Howard Colman,&nbsp;Mary C Playdon","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early identification of malnutrition is critical for improving clinical outcomes in oncology patients. However, there are no established biomarkers for malnutrition screening.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to identify circulating lipid species associated with malnutrition risk among oncology patients through lipidomic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted using plasma samples from oncology patients classified as at risk (<em>n</em> = 90) or not at risk (<em>n</em> = 90) for malnutrition using the Malnutrition Screening Tool (Malnutrition Screening Tool score = 0 compared with ≥2). All participants had head and neck, lungs, or gastrointestinal cancer. Targeted lipidomics were conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Elastic net regression adjusted for confounding variables identified lipids associated with malnutrition risk. A weighted lipid malnutrition risk score was derived and evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve. Conditional multivariable logistic regression assessed the association of the lipid score with malnutrition risk. Lipid enrichment analysis was performed using the lipid ontology enrichment framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Elastic net regression identified 12 lipids species that were inversely associated with malnutrition risk: cholesterol ester 20:0, ceramide 18:2;O2/26:0, lysophosphatidylcholine 26:0/0:0, lysophosphatidylinositol 18:2/0:0, phosphatidylcholine 34:5, phosphatidylcholine 40:8, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) P-18:0/20:3, PE P-18:1/18:2, PE P-18:1/20:4, sulfated hexosylceramide 18:1;O2/16:0, sphingomyelin 18:2;O2/23:0, and triglyceride (O-50:1). One lipid, dihexosylceramide 18:1;O2/20:0, was positively associated with malnutrition risk. The weighted lipid malnutrition risk score was associated with increased risk for malnutrition [odds ratio: 3.57; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.97, 6.47, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001]. Addition of the lipid score to established malnutrition risk factors improved model predictive performance, increasing the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve from 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.84) to 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.94). Lipid ontology enrichment analysis indicated downregulation of membrane structure and signaling lipids and upregulation of storage lipids.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the potential of lipidomics to identify biomarkers of malnutrition risk among oncology patients. Large, prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 7","pages":"Article 101603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147987899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}