Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Habitual Dietary Collagen Intake Is Lower in Females and Older Irish Adults Compared with Younger Males.","authors":"Christopher D Nulty, Janette Walton, Robert M Erskine","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Collagen ingestion reportedly benefits connective tissues, such as skin, bone, muscle, tendon, and ligament. However, the quantity of collagen intake in the diet of European adults is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to investigate collagen intake in the habitual diets of Irish adults, and whether it differed according to sex and/or age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted secondary analysis of the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey, which assessed typical dietary intake using a 4-d food diary in 1500 adults, aged 18-90 y. We categorized participants into 3 age groups: young (18-39 y, n = 630), middle-aged (40-64 y, n = 644), and older (≥65 y, n = 226) adults. Collagen composition of each individual food item in the database was determined by applying a percentage collagen value from analytical sources, allowing computation of collagen mean daily intake (MDI), collagen MDI relative to body mass, and collagen/total protein MDI. Differences in intakes between age groups and sexes were evaluated using physical activity level as a covariate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Collagen MDI for the entire population was 3.2 ± 2.0 g/d, representing 3.6% ± 1.9% total protein intake. Males had higher absolute and relative collagen MDI than females, regardless of age (4.0 ± 2.1 g/d compared with 2.3 ± 1.4 g/d, P < 0.001), whereas older adults had lower absolute collagen MDI than middle-aged adults (2.9 ± 1.8 g/d compared with 3.3 ± 2.0 g/d, P = 0.021).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collagen intake in the Irish adult population was considered low (relative to total protein intake and to dose-response studies), particularly in females and older individuals. Increasing daily collagen intake may therefore be warranted to optimize the health of collagen-rich tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Early Adiposity Rebound in Children: A Case-Control Study of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study.","authors":"Kento Sawane, Ippei Takahashi, Mami Ishikuro, Hiroko Takumi, Masatsugu Orui, Aoi Noda, Genki Shinoda, Hisashi Ohseto, Tomomi Onuma, Fumihiko Ueno, Keiko Murakami, Naoko Higuchi, Tomoko Tanaka, Takashi Furuyashiki, Tomohiro Nakamura, Seizo Koshiba, Kinuko Ohneda, Kazuki Kumada, Soichi Ogishima, Atsushi Hozawa, Junichi Sugawara, Shinichi Kuriyama, Taku Obara","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adiposity rebound (AR) is the point when the BMI begins to rise again during early childhood. Early AR (before age 5) is associated with higher risk of lifelong obesity and metabolic disorders and may be influenced by breastfeeding. Although human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk are crucial for child growth, their association with AR status has not been studied.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to explore the association between breast milk HMOs and AR status in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case-control study, we included 184 mother-child pairs from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation (TMM BirThree) Cohort Study (93 AR cases, 91 controls). Breast milk was collected 1 mo postpartum, and the concentration of 15 HMO molecules and α-diversity index (Inverse Simpson index) were quantified. Wilcoxon rank-sum test and partial least squares-discriminant analysis identified candidate HMOs, and multivariable logistic regression analysis evaluated associations between candidate HMOs and AR status. Analyses were stratified by maternal secretor status (secretor or nonsecretor).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In secretor mothers, multivariable logistic regression showed that the inverse Simpson index [odds ratio (OR): 0.54; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.82), the sum of sialic acid-bound HMOs (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.91), and 3'-sialyllactose (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.98) were inversely associated with early AR in the fully adjusted model. A trend of interaction between sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose-a (LSTa) and maternal secretor status regarding AR was observed in the fully adjusted model (P-interaction = 0.051).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>α-Diversity, sialic acid-bound HMOs, and 3'-sialyllactose may involved in inhibiting AR in children of secretor mothers, and a trend of interactive effect between LSTa and maternal secretor status regarding AR is indicated. These findings offer novel perspectives on the associations between breastfeeding and a childhood adiposity as well as potential metabolic disorders later in life. This trial is registered at https://www.umin.ac.jp/ as UMIN000047160.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Gluten Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Japanese Adults in the Takayama Study.","authors":"Michiko Tsuji, Keiko Wada, Michiyo Yamakawa, Masaaki Sugino, Tomoka Mori, Chisato Nagata","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is growing attention toward the gluten-free diet in Japan, in spite of a low prevalence of celiac disease and high consumption of rice.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study examined whether gluten intake is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Japanese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 1992, 13,355 men and 15,724 women, ≥35 y of age, in the Takayama study, completed a self-administered questionnaire. Gluten intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire as a baseline. Mortality was ascertained during 16 y of follow-up. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD mortality were calculated according to gluten intake quartiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 16.1 y of follow-up, 775 CVD deaths in men and 903 CVD deaths in women occurred. Compared with the lowest quartile of intake, the highest quartile of gluten intake was significantly associated with a decreased risk of CVD mortality after controlling for age, sex, and other covariates (HR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.86, P-trend = 0.0003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data showed a significant inverse association between gluten intake and CVD mortality. The present study does not support the notion that gluten avoidance should have a beneficial effect on CVD mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Body Composition and Physical Function in Healthy Elderly Adults","authors":"Haiping Tian ,&nbsp;Wanwan Qiao ,&nbsp;Xianxiu Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The global population of individuals over 65 y is expected to reach 426 million by 2050. Aging is associated with a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to sarcopenia and adverse outcomes such as physical disability and increased mortality. Interventions such as resistance training and protein supplementation have shown promise in mitigating these effects.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the comparative effectiveness of protein supplementation, resistance training, and their combination on body composition and physical function in healthy older adults through a network meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines and registered it in PROSPERO (CRD42021226561). We included randomized controlled trials comparing protein supplementation, resistance training, and their combination in participants aged ≥50 y. Data were extracted from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 38 randomized controlled trials involving 2610 participants were included. The combined intervention of protein supplementation and resistance training significantly improved lean body mass (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05, 0.95) compared with protein supplementation alone. The combined intervention also showed significant improvements in muscle mass (SMD: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.11, 2.67). The combined intervention (SMD: 2.74; 95% CI: 0.76, 4.74) and resistance training alone (SMD: 2.53, 95% CI: 0.29, 4.84) significantly improved muscle strength compared with controls. The combined intervention (SMD: 4.98; 95% CI: 2.72, 7.17) and resistance training alone (SMD: 4.52; 95% CI: 2.30, 6.64) significantly improved physical function compared with protein supplementation alone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Combining exercise and protein supplementation is the most effective method for improving muscle mass, strength, and physical function in older adults. This approach should be considered to enhance physical health in this population. Future large-scale trials are necessary to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 764-774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Novel Lipid Emulsion Vegaven Is Well Tolerated and Elicits Distinct Biological Actions Compared With a Mixed-Oil Lipid Emulsion Containing Fish Oil: A Parenteral Nutrition Trial in Piglets","authors":"Eliana Lucchinetti ,&nbsp;Phing-How Lou ,&nbsp;Akash Chakravarty ,&nbsp;Camila Schultz Marcolla ,&nbsp;Mirielle L Pauline ,&nbsp;Pamela R Wizzard ,&nbsp;Catherine J Field ,&nbsp;Eytan Wine ,&nbsp;Martin Hersberger ,&nbsp;Paul W Wales ,&nbsp;Justine M Turner ,&nbsp;Stefanie D Krämer ,&nbsp;Michael Zaugg","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vegaven is a novel lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition (PN) based on 18-carbon n–3 (ω-3) fatty acids, which elicits liver protection via interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the murine model of PN.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In a preclinical model of PN in neonatal piglets, Vegaven was tested for efficacy and safety and compared with a mixed-oil lipid emulsion containing fish oil (SMOFlipid).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male piglets 4–5 d old were randomly allocated to isocaloric isonitrogenous PN for 14 d, which varied only by the type of lipid emulsion (Vegaven, <em>n</em> = 8; SMOFlipid, <em>n</em> = 8). Hepatic IL-10 tissue concentration served as primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were organ weights, bile flow, blood analyses, plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations, insulin signaling, proinflammatory cytokines, tissue lipopolysaccharide concentrations, and fatty acid composition of phospholipid fractions in plasma, liver, and brain.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Total weight gain on trial, organ weights, and bile flow were similar between the Vegaven and the SMOFlipid group. Vegaven elicited higher hepatic IL10 (Δ = 148 pg/mg protein; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and insulin receptor substrate-2 amounts (Δ = 0.08 OD; <em>P</em> = 0.012). Plasma insulin concentrations (Δ = 1.46 mU/L; <em>P</em> = 0.003) and fructosamine (glycated albumin, Δ = 12.4 μmol/g protein; <em>P</em> = 0.003) were increased in SMOFlipid as compared with those of Vegaven group, indicating insulin resistance. Higher hepatic injury markers were observed more frequently in the SMOFlipid group than those in the Vegaven group. Lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 concentrations increased in pancreatic and brain tissues of SMOFlipid-treated compared with those in the Vegaven-treated piglets. Insulin signaling reduced in the brains of SMOFlipid-treated piglets. Vegaven and SMOFlipid elicited distinct fatty acid profiles in the phospholipid fractions of the rapidly growing brains but showed similar accretion of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid after 2 wk of PN.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Vegaven is well tolerated in this piglet model of PN, demonstrating distinct biological actions compared with SMOFlipid, namely lower liver, pancreas, and brain inflammation, enhanced insulin signaling, and improved whole body glucose control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 703-718"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Ambient Temperature on Resting Energy Expenditure in Metabolically Healthy Males and Females","authors":"Sara Henkel ,&nbsp;Petra Frings-Meuthen ,&nbsp;Christina Diekmann ,&nbsp;Martin Coenen ,&nbsp;Birgit Stoffel-Wagner ,&nbsp;Robert Németh ,&nbsp;Dominik Pesta ,&nbsp;Sarah Egert","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>It is not yet clear to what extent the physiologic regulatory mechanisms that maintain core body temperature are reflected by changes in resting energy expenditure (REE). Particularly, in indirect calorimetry with a canopy, the effects of short-term temperature exposures have not yet been investigated. This can be of relevance for the determination of REE in practice.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This randomized crossover study investigated the influence of a 30-min exposure to 18 °C (cool room temperature), 22 °C (room temperature), 28 °C (thermoneutral zone), and 38 °C (heat) on REE determined by assessing the inhaled oxygen volume and the exhaled carbon dioxide volume via indirect calorimetry on 4 consecutive days.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In total, 32 metabolically healthy participants [16 males and 16 females, age: 25 ± 3 y, body mass index (BMI): 22.4 ± 1.6 kg/m²] were included in the study after screening examination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lean body mass, ambient temperature, and heart rate were the most important determinants (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and explained 61.3% of the variance in REE. A multivariate linear mixed model analysis revealed that lean mass (15.87 ± 3.66; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and ambient temperature (<em>P</em> = 0.001) significantly influenced REE. REE significantly differed between 18 and 28 °C (18 °C: +96 ± 24 kcal/24 h; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), 22 and 28 °C (22 °C: +73 ± 24 kcal/24 h; <em>P</em> = 0.003), and 18 and 38 °C (18 °C: +57 ± 23 kcal/24 h; <em>P</em> = 0.016).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Effects of ambient temperature on REE, especially cold, are detectable after only brief exposure, emphasizing the importance of performing indirect calorimetry with a canopy under controlled environmental conditions.</div><div>The study was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05505240 (Influence of Ambient Temperature on Resting Energy Expenditure of Healthy Adults - Full Text View - <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 862-870"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances of Selenium in Poultry Nutrition and Health","authors":"Zi-Jian Xu ,&nbsp;Fa-Zheng Ren ,&nbsp;Zi-Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Shi-Wen Xu ,&nbsp;Jia-Qiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selenium is widely acknowledged as an indispensable trace element for humans and various animals, including poultry. The addition of selenium in appropriate doses plays a crucial role in promoting poultry growth and reproduction. Conversely, both deficiency and excessive intake of selenium can pose significant threats to poultry health and production performance. In modern poultry farming, there is an increasing demand for precise nutrient intake, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted role of selenium. This review aimed to compare and contrast the properties and recommended addition amounts of different sources of selenium in poultry feed; to discuss the hazards and mechanisms associated with selenium deficiency or excess in poultry; to summarize the pivotal role that selenium plays in stress states among poultry. Overall, this review seeked to provide a comprehensive overview highlighting the significance of selenium in terms of nutrition and health for poultry while ensuring optimal utilization within poultry production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 676-689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Vitamin D Fortification Scenarios for the Australian Population","authors":"Eleanor Dunlop ,&nbsp;Anita S Lawrence ,&nbsp;Belinda Neo ,&nbsp;Mairead Kiely ,&nbsp;Anna Rangan ,&nbsp;Caryl Nowson ,&nbsp;Paul Adorno ,&nbsp;Paul Atyeo ,&nbsp;Edoardo Tescari ,&nbsp;Daniel Russo-Batterham ,&nbsp;Kim Doyle ,&nbsp;Lucinda J Black","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low vitamin D status (circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration &lt;50 nmol/L) is prevalent in Australia, and 95% of Australians have been estimated to have low vitamin D intake (mean range 1.8–3.2 <em>μ</em>g/d). Increasing the dietary supply of vitamin D could improve vitamin D status across the population.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We modeled 4 vitamin D fortification scenarios to support useful and safe fortification strategies for Australia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used cross-sectional food consumption data from the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (<em>n</em> = 12,153 aged 2–85 y) and analytical food composition data. Scenario 1 modeled the systematic addition of the maximum permitted amount of vitamin D to all foods for which vitamin D fortification is mandated (edible oil spreads) or optional (dairy products/plant-based alternatives, formulated beverages, permitted ready-to-eat breakfast cereals). Scenarios 2–4 modeled the addition of vitamin D to edible oil spreads and fluid milk/alternatives at higher concentrations than permitted and the addition of the maximum permitted amount to scenario 2, dairy products/alternatives other than fluid milk, formulated beverages; scenario 3: scenario 2 plus eligible ready-to-eat breakfast cereals; scenario 4: scenario 3 plus bread (not permitted for vitamin D fortification in Australia). We used the National Cancer Institute method to model the usual intake of vitamin D for each scenario by sex and age group. Dietary adequacy and safety were assessed using the North American Estimated Average Requirement (10 <em>μ</em>g/d) and the Australian upper level of intake (80 <em>μ</em>g/d).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Under scenarios 1–4, respectively, the projected proportion of Australians with vitamin D intake &lt;10 <em>μ</em>g/d was 80%, 84%, 73%, and 60%. No participant exceeded the upper level of intake under any scenario.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A systematic fortification strategy could support a nutritionally meaningful improvement in vitamin D intake across the Australian population. An optimal strategy would require amendments to the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 890-898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative Artificial Intelligence in Nutrition: A Revolution in Accessibility and Personalization","authors":"Nicola Pugliese ,&nbsp;Federico Ravaioli","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 667-668"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eggs, Dietary Choline, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Framingham Heart Study","authors":"Ioanna Yiannakou ,&nbsp;Michelle T Long ,&nbsp;Paul F Jacques ,&nbsp;Alexa Beiser ,&nbsp;Richard T Pickering ,&nbsp;Lynn L Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Eggs are rich in bioactive compounds, including choline and carotenoids that may benefit cardiometabolic outcomes. However, little is known about their relationship with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We investigated the association between intakes of eggs and selected egg-rich nutrients (choline, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and NAFLD risk and changes in liver fat over ∼6 y of follow-up in the Framingham Offspring and Third Generation cohorts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>On 2 separate occasions (2002–2005 and 2008–2011), liver fat was assessed using a computed tomography scan to estimate the average liver fat attenuation relative to a control phantom to create the liver phantom ratio (LPR). In 2008–2011, cases of incident NAFLD were identified as an LPR ≤0.33 in the absence of heavy alcohol use, after excluding prevalent NAFLD (LPR ≤0.33) in 2002–2005. Food frequency questionnaires were used to estimate egg intakes (classified as &lt;1, 1, and ≥2 per week), dietary choline (adjusted for body weight using the residual method), and the combined intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin. Multivariable modified Poisson regression and general linear models were used to compute incident risk ratios (RR) of NAFLD and adjusted mean annualized liver fat change.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>NAFLD cumulative incidence was 19% among a total of 1414 participants. We observed no associations between egg intake or the combined intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin with an incident NAFLD risk or liver fat change. Other diet and cardiometabolic risk factors did not modify the association between egg intake and NAFLD risk. However, dietary choline intakes were inversely associated with NAFLD risk (RR for tertile 3 compared with tertile 1: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.94).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although egg intake was not directly associated with NAFLD risk, eggs are a major source of dietary choline, which was strongly inversely associated with NAFLD risk in this community-based cohort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 3","pages":"Pages 923-935"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}