Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Review on Omics Approaches in Aquatic Animal Nutrition: Current Status, Limitations, and Perspectives.","authors":"Jian Zhang, Ming Li, Delong Meng, Shichang Xu, Tsegay Teame, Yuanyuan Yao, Yalin Yang, Zhen Zhang, Chao Ran, M Haissam Jijakli, Qianwen Ding, Zhigang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review synthesizes the research progress in applying omics to aquatic animal nutrition, highlighting their advantages as well as current limitations, and outlines future directions for development. Traditional nutritional research is often hampered by environmental variability, low precision, and the complexity of nutrient interactions across different tissues. The advent of high-throughput sequencing, bioinformatics, and functional genomics has driven the rapid emergence of various omics fields, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics. These technologies overcome the limitations of traditional research methods, becoming powerful tools for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of nutrition in aquatic animals. Genomics and transcriptomics reveal genetic responses of aquatic animals to nutritional interventions, whereas proteomics and metabolomics enable large-scale analysis of proteins and metabolites, illuminating physiological changes under various nutritional conditions. Moreover, microbiomics provides crucial insights into the interactions between gut microbiota and host nutrient metabolism and immunity. Key applications such as gene editing and protein post-translational modification analysis further elucidate molecular mechanisms of nutritional regulation in fish. Despite significant advances, omics still faces persistent challenges, including technological complexity, ethical concerns, underdeveloped regulatory systems, ecological safety risks, and issues related to data storage and sharing. Addressing these through technological innovation, improved regulatory frameworks, and the expansion of application areas will be crucial for the sustainable advancement of omics in aquatic animal nutrition research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food-Specific Morning and Night Intake Scores Are Associated with Impaired Glucose Tolerance during Pregnancy.","authors":"James D Pleuss, Andrea L Deierlein, Samantha Kleinberg","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) during pregnancy is associated with numerous short- and long-term adverse health outcomes. Diet is a key factor influencing glucose tolerance, yet there are little data on the relationship between specific foods or intake timing and IGT.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined whether food category intakes and their timing are associated with IGT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the temporal research in eating, nutrition, and diet during pregnancy study, which recruited 144 pregnant persons at gestational age <18 wk. Participants provided ≤28 d of food records (before and after photos for each eating occasion and text notes), and access to their electronic health records (EHR). We introduced morning and night intake scores (weighted measures reflecting the proportion of intakes consumed during nocturnal or morning periods) that incorporate exact intake timing rather than using a single threshold. We used logistic regression to estimate associations [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)] between temporal intake features and IGT (determined from EHR laboratory results), controlling for diet quality, age, total daily energy intake, physical activity, and prepregnancy body mass index, and conducted sensitivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a significant positive association between mean daily red meat intake and IGT (OR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.68, 8.75), and a negative association with IGT for night egg intake (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98). These associations remained after sensitivity analysis. Associations between macronutrient and energy intake and IGT were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our novel approach to modeling intake timing uncovered a new negative association between night egg intake and IGT, and a positive association between red meat intake and IGT. Macronutrient and energy intake were not significant predictors of IGT, showing the importance of capturing specific food intake and timing. Future research is needed to determine if these observed associations are causally linked to IGT.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12373027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein or Indispensable Amino Acid Supplementation After Deficiency Partially Restored Growth and Did Not Induce Higher Adiposity in Growing Rats.","authors":"Gaëtan Roisné-Hamelin, Céline Cansell, Catherine Chaumontet, Sarita Devi, Daniel Tomé, Anura Kurpad, Patrick C Even, Anne Blais, Julien Piedcoq, Claire Gaudichon, Dalila Azzout-Marniche","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inadequate protein intake in early life is associated with both growth retardation and a higher risk of metabolic syndrome in later life.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects on energy metabolism of protein or indispensable amino acids (IAAs; lysine, threonine, and methionine) supplementation following a deficiency in growing rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty Wistar Han male rats were fed a control (20% protein by energy content), protein-deficient (P5, 5% protein by energy content), or lysine, threonine, or methionine-deficient diet (L25, T25, and M25, respectively; 25% of the IAA requirement) for 3 wk and thereafter were supplemented for 3 wk with the deficient IAA or protein to reach 100% of the IAA (T100, L100, and M100, respectively) or protein requirement (P20). Body weight (BW) and relative food intake (rFI) were measured daily. Body composition, nasoanal length (NAL), energy expenditure, and plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 were measured at the end of the deficiency and supplementation phases. Data were analyzed using 1-way or mixed-model ANOVA and Bonferonni tests for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All deficient diets induced growth retardation [lower BW, lean body mass (LBM), and NAL], with threonine deficiency having the most severe effect (60% lower BW of control; P < 0.001). Supplementation induced a resumption of growth, but BW and LBM remained lower (15%-35% for BW and 69%- 84% for LBM of control; P < 0.001). Despite increased rFI, no excess adiposity was observed postsupplementation in P20 and T100 groups, likely due to increased energy expenditure (P < 0.001). In L100 and M100 groups, rFI increased (by 35% and 30%, respectively; P < 0.001) without a corresponding rise in energy expenditure. Fibroblast growth factor 21 was inversely associated with the protein and IAA statuses during both deficiency and supplementation (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the distinct roles of individual IAAs in growth and metabolic recovery and suggest that targeted IAA supplementation may improve nutritional interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin B-6 Deficiency Induces Anxiety-Like Behavior in Sprague-Dawley Rats by Disrupting Gut Homeostasis.","authors":"Sathya Amarasena, Khandkar Shaharina Hossain, Ava Rasouli, Robert F Bertolo, Qi Yuan, Shyamchand Mayengbam","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin B-6 (VB-6) is essential for numerous metabolic pathways, including neurotransmitter synthesis, and its deficiency has been linked to neurologic disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that B vitamin deficiencies can disturb the gut microbiome. Although the gut-brain axis is well recognized, the influence of VB-6 deficiency on behavior via gut-mediated mechanisms remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the role of VB-6 in modulating the gut-brain axis and its impact on neurobehavioral outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an AIN-93G-based diet with either optimal [optimum vitamin B-6 (OB-6)] or deficient [deficient vitamin B-6 (DB-6)] amounts of VB-6 for 7 wk. Half of the rats received antibiotics in drinking water (ampicillin, 1 g/L; metronidazole, 1 g/L; and neomycin, 1 g/L) plus weekly gavage (vancomycin, 500 mg/L, and amphotericin B, 0.1 mg/mL). Plasma VB-6, neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), behavioral assessments, gut microbiome composition, and gut histology were assessed. Data were analyzed using 2-way or 3-way analysis of variance with Fisher's least significant difference post hoc test (P ≤ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DB-6 rats showed ≤96% reduction in plasma VB-6 (P < 0.001), 22% decrease in brain γ-aminobutyric acid (P < 0.01), and 32% increase in glutamic acid (P < 0.01) compared with OB-6 animals. In the open-field maze, DB-6 animals reduced center-zone entries by 42% in males and 20% in females (P < 0.05), indicating anxiety-like behavior. Gut microbiota profiling revealed significant increases in Lachnospiraceae sp. (+385%), Mucispirillum schaedleri (+174%), and Harryflintia sp. (+848%) and decreases in Muribaculaceae sp. (-36%), Bacteroides vulgatus (-69%), and Bilophila sp. (-81%; P < 0.50). Cecal SCFA concentrations declined in DB-6 animals (P = 0.01), including propionate (-18%) in males and isobutyrate (-37%) and isovalerate (-63%) in females. Significant correlations (P < 0.05) were found between these taxa and neurochemicals and behavioral changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VB-6 deficiency alters gut microbiota composition, SCFA synthesis, and neurotransmitter balance, leading to anxiety-like behavior. These findings underscore the role of the gut microbiota in mediating VB-6-dependent gut-brain interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"True Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Human Foods Classified According to Food Type as Determined in the Growing Pig.","authors":"Suzanne M Hodgkinson, Natascha Stroebinger, Hans H Stein, Natalia S Fanelli, Sonja de Vries, Nikkie van der Wielen, Wouter H Hendriks, Paul J Moughan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A Food and Agriculture Organization Expert Consultation recommended the use of digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) to evaluate protein quality of foods for humans. Calculation of DIAAS requires true ileal digestibility (TID) of amino acid (AA) values but currently insufficient data are available.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to generate in pigs TID of AA for a wide range of foods commonly consumed by humans and determine the range of differences in TID of AA among food types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A standardized protocol was followed to determine TID of AA in 97 foods across 3 laboratories. Female pigs (25-100 kg during study, n ≥ 6) received foods for 7 d following a Youden Square design with ileal digesta collected via T-cannula on days 6-7. Endogenous AA losses were determined by feeding a protein-free diet. Foods, diets, and digesta were analyzed for nitrogen, AA, reactive lysine, titanium and dry matter. Foods were categorized into food types with the degree of variation within each food type evaluated using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TID (mean of AA) ranged from 0.247 (apples) to 0.988 (beef tenderloin). The median TID of AA was high (mean of AA > 0.90) for foods categorized as dairy products, eggs, fish and seafood, isolates and concentrates, meat, nuts, plant-based burgers, soy products and wheat products. Food categories with median TID < 0.80 were baked products, fruit, pulses and seeds, and wheat bran cereal, yeast, and zein. Food categories with low variations between foods were fish and seafood (1% units), dairy products (3% units), and eggs (5% units), whereas categories with the greatest variation were grains (18% units), vegetables (16% units), seeds (14% units), and fruit (12% units). There was considerable variation in TID for individual AA both within and among foods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The database with TID of AA of 97 foods generated by 3 laboratories using a standardized methodology can be utilized for protein quality evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns and Correlates of Concurrent Serum Vitamin D, Folate, and Vitamin B₁₂ Status in a Rural Chinese Population.","authors":"Jiafeng Xu, Yingjie Sui, Jia'ang Li, Hai Ma, Changrui Ou, Benjamin Xu, Yun Song, Lishun Liu, Qiangqiang He, Jiaping Huan, Ping Chen, Binyan Wang, Richard Xu, Xianhui Qin, Yong Huo, Hanping Shi, Chen Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B₁₂ are essential micronutrients with widespread insufficiencies globally. Although most previous research examined each of these nutrients individually, few studies have measured biomarkers of these nutrients concurrently in a large population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to investigate the patterns of concurrent insufficiencies or deficiencies of these nutrients based on serum biomarkers and influencing factors in a rural Chinese population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the data from the nutrition biomarker substudy within the China Precision Nutrition and Health KAP Real World Study. Participants' nutrient status for vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B₁₂ was defined by serum biomarkers and grouped by the number of nutrients' insufficiency or deficiency (none, 1, 2, or all 3). Multiple logistic regression models identified factors associated with individual and combined nutrient insufficiencies or deficiencies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 40,716 participants (37.5% male), 99% had ≥ 1-nutrient insufficiency or deficiency, 53.4% had 2, and 31.7% had all 3. The prevalence of 3-nutrient insufficiency or deficiency was highest in males aged <65 y (35.4%) and lowest in females aged <65 y (28.4%). The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase TT genotype was associated with folate deficiency in both males and females. Current smoking was associated with folate deficiency and vitamin B₁₂ insufficiency in both sexes, with a more pronounced association observed in females. Additionally, higher body mass index was associated with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, particularly among males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this large rural Chinese population, concurrent vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B₁₂ insufficiencies/deficiencies were highly prevalent and varied by individual demographic, genetic, and lifestyle factors. The methodology and insights have implications for advancing precision nutrition, especially in underrepresented and understudied populations. This trial was registered at ChiCTR.org.cn as ChiCTR2100051983.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stearidonic Acid-Enriched Buglossoides arvensis Oil Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation via AMPK/SIRT1 Activation in Rats.","authors":"Mak-Soon Lee, Bohyeon Kim, Jumi Lee, Yejie Cho, In-Hwan Kim, Yangha Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Buglossoides arvensis oil (BO) is rich in plant-based omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), including stearidonic acid (SDA). Dietary oils enriched with n-3 PUFAs have been shown to exert beneficial effects on inflammation and lipid metabolism; however, the effects of SDA-enriched BO (SBO) remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SBO (n-3 PUFA: 67.1%, SDA: 38.5%) included in a high-fat (HF; 45% kcal from fat) diet on hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 6/group) and fed different diets for 9 wk: HF, HF with 10% BO (HF + BO), and HF with 10% SBO (HF + SBO) diet groups. At the end of the experiment, we analyzed lipid profiles in the serum and liver; assessed the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction; measured inflammatory cytokines protein concentrations; and evaluated the activity of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HF + SBO group significantly reduced bodyweight and hepatic lipid accumulation compared with HF diet feeding (P < 0.05). Serum and hepatic lipid concentrations were significantly lower, whereas fecal lipid excretion was significantly higher in the HF + SBO group compared with the HF group (P < 0.05). The expression of lipid metabolism-related genes was significantly downregulated in the HF + SBO group, and AMPK and SIRT1 activity were increased 1.53- and 2.28-fold, respectively, compared with the HF group (P < 0.05). BO and SBO intake inhibited NF-κB activation by 27.5% and 41.8%, respectively, and reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines compared with HF diet feeding (P < 0.05). Moreover, SBO was more effective than BO in this regard.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that SBO more effectively mitigates hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in rats fed HF diet, a phenomenon partly related to the increased activation of AMPK and SIRT1. This indicates that SBO may provide greater benefits than BO in improving lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Differences in the Gut Microbiota of Pigs Influence Fat Deposition in the Mouse.","authors":"Qi Han, Siting Xia, Xingguo Huang, Jun He, Yulong Yin, Jie Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.07.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiota significantly influences lipid metabolism, but the impact of its developmental patterns at different growth stages on fat deposition remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to explore the dynamic changes in microbial diversity and composition during the growth of pig models and assess their involvement in fat deposition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-five Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire (DLY) crossbred pigs were killed at 5 ages: 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 d of age (n = 9). Fecal samples were collected 1 and 15 d before each killing, and the fecal microbiota were detected by 16S rRNA sequencing. The backfat thickness, serum lipid concentrations, intramuscular fat, and fatty acid content in the longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs were measured to assess lipid metabolism. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from DLY pigs of different ages to antibiotics-challenged mice (n = 8) was used to confirm the effects of microbial development on fat deposition. Metagenomic sequencing was conducted on feces from pigs aged 150 and 180 d and their corresponding transplanted mice to identify key strains involved in fat deposition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed marked alterations and an increase in intestinal microbial α-diversity with age, peaking at 150 d of age in DLY pigs (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analyses indicated that 20 genera significantly correlated with the muscle fatty acid contents (P < 0.05). FMT further confirmed that the developmental patterns of the gut microbiota affected host fat deposition, with notable differences observed between the fecal microbiota at day 150 and 180 of age in pigs. Schaalia canis was identified as a potential key microbial strain involved in the developmental patterns of the gut microbiota-governed fat deposition, and its colonization in mice reduced fat deposition by downregulating of LXRα/β gene expressions (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gut microbiota development impacts fat deposition in pigs, with S canis capable of inhibiting fat deposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine Stable Isotope Ratios Are Associated with Proportional Intakes of Animal Protein and Added Sugars in a 15-Day Controlled Feeding Study.","authors":"Diane M O'Brien, Laurence S Freedman, Patricia Rivera, Virag Sagi-Kiss, Susana A Palma-Duran, Brian Barrett, John Commins, Natasha Tasevska","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (CIR and NIR) of blood and hair have shown promise as candidate dietary biomarkers, particularly for sources of dietary protein and sugars. However, whether urine CIR and NIR can provide similar dietary information has not been assessed in United States populations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This was an exploratory analysis that aimed to evaluate the urine CIR and NIR as biomarkers of dietary animal protein ratio (APR; animal protein/total protein) and added sugars ratio (ASR; added sugars/total sugars). We also explored associations with foods contributing to those patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One-hundred adults [55% females, median age 39 (interquartile range 30-53)] from the Phoenix metropolitan area participated in a 15-d controlled feeding study, where all foods and drinks consumed by the participants were provided by the metabolic kitchen at Arizona State University, and diets were individually designed to simulate participants' usual intakes. Participants collected 6 nonconsecutive 24-h urines and CIR and NIR were measured by elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The effects of diet and participant characteristics on urine CIR and NIR were evaluated using linear mixed models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Urine CIR was correlated with APR (r = 0.79, P < 0.001) and ASR (r = 0.37, P < 0.001). In the final linear mixed model, daily and 15-d mean intakes of APR, ASR, and corn intake, urine NIR and C:N were all significant predictors of urinary CIR (marginal R²= 0.73). Urine NIR was correlated with APR (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and fish intake (r = 0.43, P < 0.001); however, the final linear mixed model had a low marginal R² of 0.16.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite its strong association with APR, urine CIR has limitations as a sole biomarker of animal protein due to its association with other dietary factors, primarily added sugars. Nonetheless, its potential to contribute intake information when combined with other biomarker measures should be further explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of the Latest Advances in Aquaculture Nutrition Research.","authors":"Chunxiang Ai, Xiangjun Leng, Zhi Luo, Zhigang Zhou, Qinghui Ai","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, aquaculture has experienced a period of rapid expansion, which has had considerable ramifications for global food security, nutrition, and livelihoods. Concurrent advancements in aquaculture nutrition, in conjunction with technological innovations in aquafeed formulation, have resulted in a marked enhancement in the mean feed conversion ratio, alongside a sustained reduction in the use of fish-oriented resources, such as fish meal and fish oil, among all categories of species in diets. However, projections indicate a 10% increase in the global demand for aquatic animal production within the next decade. This demand, when considered in conjunction with the limited fish-oriented resources, growing demand for sustainable feed ingredients, and increasing emphasis on sustainability in relation to the ongoing expansion of aquaculture, has presented a series of challenges to both the research and industry sectors. To facilitate the transformation of the aquafeed industry from its past, resource-dependent, and consumable paradigm to a sustainable aquaculture model, it is imperative that progressive initiatives and technological innovations in the field of research further enhance the feed efficiency of low-carbon feeds and expand aquaculture production in a more efficient and emission-reducing manner. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of recent advancements in the domain of aquaculture nutrition in recent decades. To that end, it will encompass a detailed illustration of the major discoveries, theory progresses, practical problems, and strategies for sustainable aquaculture, as well as the potential applications of modern biotechnology in aquaculture nutrition. Furthermore, by elucidating these advancements and deliberating their prospective implications and applications, a paradigm shift in aquaculture practices toward greater sustainability may be precipitated. This review's overarching objective is to emphasize research gaps and domains in aquaculture nutrition, where further exploration is imperative to enable the long-term, eco-friendly expansion of aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}