Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Increasing Dietary Palmitic and Stearic Acid Decreases De Novo Synthesis of Milk Fatty Acids in Dairy Cows Based on Modeling Natural Carbon Isotope Enrichment.","authors":"Yusuf A Adeniji, Richard P Shepardson, Kevin J Harvatine","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mammary de novo lipogenesis is dynamic, but total lipogenesis is not easily quantified because palmitic acid is also available from dietary absorption.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to quantify the effect of dietary palmitic and stearic concentrations on mammary de novo lipogenesis using natural ¹³C enrichment differences in ingredients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve midlactation Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Treatments were a low-fat basal diet that contained ∼85% corn-derived ingredients (CON) and the basal diet with an additional 1.95% dietary fatty acid (FA) from a high palmitic acid (HP), high stearic acid (HS), or blend of palmitic and stearic acid (PS) supplement derived from palm oil. Carbon (C) isotope enrichments in feed and milk FAs were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and de novo lipogenesis calculated. Data analyzed as a mixed model and means separated using a protected least significant difference test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the low-fat control, 83% ± 2.62% of the 16-C FA in milk fat were calculated to be from de novo lipogenesis. Increasing dietary palmitic acid in PS and HP decreased de novo 16-C FAs by 27 and 82 g/d respectively (P < 0.001) compared with CON but total de novo synthesized FAs decreased by 130 g/d in HP only (P < 0.001). The transfer efficiency of dietary 16-C FAs to milk fat was between 44% and 49%. The basal diet accounted for 98.3% ± 2.56% of the 18-C FAs in milk fat in the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Natural ¹³C isotope enrichment allowed calculation of the contribution of de novo lipogenesis to 16- and 18-C FAs in milk fat. The proportion of de novo synthesized 16-C FAs was higher than expected when feeding a lower fat diet and was differentially decreased by increasing dietary palmitic and stearic acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Adiposity and Inflammation: Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency in Pregnancy.","authors":"Sabrina P Demirdjian, Maria S Mulhern, Maeve A Kerr, Mark Ledwidge, Raghad M Alhomaid, Paul D Thompson, Mary T McCann","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity and iron deficiency (ID) are global health concerns in pregnancy, with serious consequences for mother and offspring. The inflammatory state associated with obesity and its potential contribution to ID/anemia is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to investigate the associations among maternal adiposity, the mediating role of inflammation, and iron status. We also aim to examine how adiposity affects the predictive accuracy of early pregnancy iron markers for late pregnancy ID risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis of a double-blind randomized controlled trial included singleton pregnancies supplemented with a multivitamin containing 17 mg/d of iron. Body mass index (BMI), body composition [12 gestational weeks (GW)], iron markers (12, 28, 36 GW), and hemoglobin/hematological indices (12, 28 GW, postpartum) were assessed. Proinflammatory cytokines were used to calculate an inflammation score and categorized as high/low inflammation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 125 pregnant women were included: 43 normal weight, 44 overweight, and 38 with obesity. At 36 GW, ID was present in 50% of women with obesity, 40.9% of those overweight, and 30.2% with normal BMI. High BMI and fat mass index (FMI) at 12 GW predicted lower ferritin at 36 GW (BMI β = -0.253, P = 0.020; FMI β = -0.265, P = 0.010), and all adiposity measures predicted higher soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR). Transferrin saturation was lower in women with obesity at 12 and 28 GW (12 GW 23.9%, 24.5%, 30.3%, P = 0.016; 28 GW 13.2%, 17.7%, 17.2% P < 0.001, obesity, overweight, and normal weight, respectively). At 36 GW, pregnant women with obesity and higher inflammation score had lower ferritin than normal weight women (15.0 compared with 20.3 μg/L, P = 0.041). sTfR at 12 GW was the best predictor of ID at 36 GW [area under curve (AUC) = 0.738, P < 0.001], especially in overweight/obesity (AUC = 0.744, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High adiposity, mediated by inflammation, increases the risk of ID in the late third trimester. sTfR in early pregnancy emerges as an effective marker for predicting ID in late pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Duration Modifies the Association of the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score With Metabolic Syndrome in Midlife Women in Mexico.","authors":"Haneen Bou Ghanem, Maria M Kofas, Karen E Peterson, Alejandra Cantoral, Abeer Aljahdali, Libni Torres-Olascoaga, Martha M Tellez-Rojo, Erica C Jansen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and better sleep health have independently been associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, their combined effect has rarely been considered.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine whether sleep duration modifies the association between adherence to the alternate Mediterranean (aMed) diet and MetS among midlife Mexican women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analytic sample consisted of 410 women with a mean age of 48.2 ± 6.1 years participating in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study. Diet was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The mean daily sleep duration was measured with 7-d wrist actigraphy (Actigraph GTX-BT). MetS was defined on the basis of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between higher adherence to the aMed diet and MetS and between sleep duration and MetS, each controlling for age, socioeconomic status, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. To assess the potential modifying role of sleep duration, stratified analysis by sleep status was conducted, where participants were categorized as having adequate sleep (≥7 h/d) or inadequate sleep (<7 h/d) on average across the week. Statistical interaction was also tested in a logistic model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MetS was identified in 49.8% of participants, and 56.6% had a mean sleep duration of <7 h/d. Neither higher adherence to the aMed diet nor sleep duration alone was associated with MetS. However, the stratified analysis showed that among women with inadequate sleep, higher adherence to the aMed diet was related to 16% lower odds of MetS (odds ratio: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.99; P-interaction = 0.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Associations between diet and MetS are only observed in the presence of inadequate sleep duration, suggesting a potential interaction that warrants further investigation through longitudinal research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12416764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between the Concentration of Serum Vitamin D and Ovarian Reserve Among Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology.","authors":"Longbao Xu, Lanlan Fang, Mengyao Gao, Guosheng Wang, Yongzhen Peng, Yubo Ma, Faming Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that 25-OH vitamin D has a significant positive effect on ovarian reserve in women; however, findings from population-based studies have been inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate whether there is an association between serum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations and ovarian reserve.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1488 women aged 20-50 y undergoing assisted reproductive treatment. Antimüllerian hormone, antral follicle count (AFC), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are used as markers of ovarian reserve. Diminished ovarian reserve is defined by low concentrations of antimüllerian hormone (≤1.1 ng/mL), high concentrations of FSH (≥10 IU/L), or low concentrations of AFC (≤7). Poisson regression, multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to assess the association between 25-OH vitamin D and ovarian reserve biomarkers, as well as risk of diminished ovarian reserve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the Poisson regression model, we found a significant positive correlation between vitamin D and AFC (β: 0.003; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.005). Moreover, BMI demonstrated a significant interaction effect in the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and AFC concentrations (P-interaction = 0.03). Stratified analyses further revealed that the positive association between vitamin D and AFC was only observed among individuals with lower BMI (<24 kg/m²), whereas no significant association was found in the higher BMI group. Additionally, we also identified a significant nonlinear relationship between 25-OH vitamin D and FSH (P-nonlinear < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>25-Hydroxyvitamin D is associated with higher AFC concentrations, and FSH exhibits an inverted U-shaped trend as vitamin D concentration increase. These findings suggest that 25-OH vitamin D may have a potential positive role in maintaining female ovarian health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish Intake and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Black Women's Health Study.","authors":"Sarah M Rothbard, Julie R Palmer, Laura S Chiu, Lynn Rosenberg, Jessica L Petrick","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Black Americans have the highest colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates of any racial/ethnic group in the United States. Diets high in fish consumption and long-chain n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with reduced risk of CRC. Black Americans have higher overall fish consumption than White Americans but are more likely to consume fish that are lower in n-3 PUFAs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We prospectively assessed fish intake and PUFAs in relation to risk of CRC, using data from the Black Women's Health Study (1995-2021).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dietary data were collected from validated food frequency questionnaires completed by participants in 1995 and 2001. Cox-proportional hazards regression models were utilized to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between fish/PUFA intake and incident CRC. Models were adjusted for total caloric intake, fruit/vegetable intake, and red meat intake, among other factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 52,690 Black women aged 21-69 y at baseline, 687 women developed incident CRC over 24 y of follow-up. High intake of baked fish (>8.09 g/1000 kcal), compared with low intake (<0.38 g/1000 kcal), was associated with a 26% reduced risk of incident CRC (HR_{Q4 v Q1} = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.96; P_trend = 0.058), which was notable for proximal colon cancer (HR_{Q4 v Q1} = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.86; P_trend = 0.038). No associations between PUFA intakes and overall CRC risk were found. The HR for n-3 PUFA intake in relation to proximal colon cancer risk was 0.61 (95% CI_{Q4 v Q1}: 0.39, 0.93; P_trend = 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that high intake of baked fish was associated with a decreased CRC risk. This finding suggests that increasing baked fish intake could be a valuable strategy for CRC prevention among Black women.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Dependent Amino Acid Metabolism.","authors":"Caiyun You, Xiaoyi Long, Haiyang Wei, Yingying Lu, Xutong Guo, Sishen Wang, Zhihong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the amino acid metabolic characteristics in the intestines and liver of pigs is critically important for nutritional interventions aimed at improving nitrogen utilization efficiency.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explored age-dependent variations in amino acid metabolism within the liver and intestinal tissues of growing-finishing pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty boars (Duroc × Landrace × Large White, 36.48 ± 0.72 kg, 90 d old) were fed a standard corn-soybean meal diet. Eight pigs were killed at ages of 90 (D 90), 120 (D120), 150 (D 150), 180 (D180), and 210 (D 210) d. After slaughter, liver, jejunal mucosa, and intestinal contents were analyzed for metabolic enzyme activity, RNA/protein expression, microbiota, and metabolomics. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.2 linear/quadratic models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant decrease in the activities of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase-Ⅰ and ornithine transcarbamylase in the liver at D 210 compared with D 180 (P < 0.05). The activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in the jejunal mucosa were higher at D 210 than at D 90 (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase-Ⅰ in the liver was significantly downregulated in pigs at D 150 and D 210 compared with D 120 (P < 0.05). The phosphorylation of target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in the liver showed a decrease at D 210 compared with D 150 and D 180 (P < 0.05). Targeted metabolomic analysis of the liver revealed 31 differentially abundant metabolites (P < 0.05), enriched in tryptophan/glutamate metabolism. There were close correlations between glutamate and tryptophan metabolites (e.g., N-formylkynurenine) and certain colonic microbes (e.g., Temporobacter) (r = 0.72, P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The activities of jejunal glutamine-cycle enzymes rise with age, whereas the activity of ornithine-cycle enzymes and mTORC1 expression in the liver decline. Additionally, specific colonic bacteria are closely associated with glutamate/tryptophan metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to 'Classification and Estimation of Dietary Live Microorganisms and Fermented Foods Intake in Swiss Adults' [The Journal of Nutrition. 2025; 155: 2717-2728].","authors":"Eugenia Pertziger, Ueli von Ah, Murielle Bochud, Angeline Chatelan, John Haldemann, Elaine Hillesheim, Michel Kaiser, Guy Vergères, Kathryn J Burton-Pimentel","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegeneration Delay (MIND) Diet, Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Cognitive Function: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Leqi Fei, Hui Chen, Mengjia Zhao, Minyu Wu, Qing Lin, Ting Shen, Lusha Tong, Xin Xu, Xiaoran Liu, Baibing Mi, Yuandi Xi, Changzheng Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mediterranean-dietary approaches to stop hypertension Intervention for Neurodegeneration Delay (MIND) diet was associated with better cognitive outcomes, but the role of inflammation in these associations was elusive.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to assess the associations between the MIND diet and inflammatory biomarkers and to investigate their mediating roles in the MIND diet-cognition association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 3777 participants from the Health and Retirement Study (mean age = 65.3 years, 59.0% female) who had complete data on a food frequency questionnaire in 2013 and 18 circulating inflammatory biomarkers in 2016. The MIND diet score (range: 0-15) was constructed based on consumption levels of 15 food groups. Cognitive function was repeatedly assessed using the 27-unit modified Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status in 2016, 2018, and 2020. We used linear regression to assess the associations between MIND diet scores, inflammatory markers, and cognitive function and evaluated the mediation effects of the inflammatory markers on the MIND-cognition association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the 7-year follow-up, a higher MIND score was related to lower levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-10, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR-1), C-reactive protein, cystatin C, neutrophils, and white blood cell count, and a higher level of albumin. Among them, cystatin C (11.6%), sTNFR-1 (10.3%), IL-6 (5.0%), white blood cell count (3.7%), and IL-10 (3.6%) significantly mediated the association of the MIND diet with cognitive function. Collectively, they mediated the MIND-cognition association by 13.3% (P value = 0.024).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adherence to the MIND diet is associated with multiple circulating systemic inflammatory markers involved in the neurodegenerative process, which might mediate the MIND-cognition association.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Intakes of Soy and Isoflavones and Risk of Mortality in a Population with High Soy Consumption.","authors":"Sihan Song, Shinyoung Jun, Hyojee Joung, Jung Eun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soy and isoflavones have been linked to various health benefits, but their associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined the associations of dietary intakes of isoflavones, soy protein, and soy foods with mortality risk in a population-based cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 39,286 adults aged ≥ 19 y from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2015). Dietary intakes were assessed using the 24-h dietary recall. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Dose-response relationships were evaluated using restricted cubic splines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 8.5 y, 1715 deaths were documented. Lower isoflavone intake was associated with a higher mortality risk, with a plateau in risk at higher intake levels. Compared with the lowest quintile of isoflavone intake (<1.3 mg/d), HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality in the second to fifth quintiles were 0.72 (0.62, 0.84), 0.72 (0.62, 0.84), 0.76 (0.66, 0.88), and 0.74 (0.65, 0.85), respectively. For cardiovascular disease mortality, a significantly lower risk was observed in the third quintile compared with the lowest quintile (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.96). The highest quintile of isoflavone intake was associated with lower risks of cancer (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.99) and respiratory disease mortality (HR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.77) compared with the lowest quintile. Similar patterns were observed for soy protein and soy food intake. Dose-response relationships were nonlinear, with the lowest all-cause mortality risk observed around median intake levels (9 mg/d for isoflavones, 4 g/d for soy protein, and 33 g/d for soy foods).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that lower intakes of soy and isoflavones are associated with a higher risk of mortality in the population where soy consumption is prevalent.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Food Fortification Landscape in the United States: Identification and Prevalence of Fortified Food Purchases Using National Household Scanner Data.","authors":"Cristina R Moraga Franco, Jennifer Falbe, Charles D Arnold, Reina Engle-Stone","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the effects of market-driven food fortification on micronutrient adequacy and diet quality has been hampered by insufficient data on food fortification practices and limitations of self-reported dietary intake data.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>First, to establish a method for identifying fortified foods using scanner data and distinguish which items in the Circana Consumer Network Panel database are fortified with vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, or iron. Second, to calculate the proportion of products fortified with each and any of the 4 micronutrients and calculate the micronutrient content of fortified foods compared with unfortified foods in 17 product subcategories of beverages (e.g., 100% apple juice) and grain products (e.g., ready-to-eat cereals).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To classify products, we first used an ingredients-based approach. When ingredients were unavailable, we used a nutrient content approach that we validated against the ingredients approach. We calculated the proportion of products fortified and the mean and median nutrient amounts in both fortified and unfortified items.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We classified 62,841 products as fortified or not, of which 37,821 were purchased by households in 2017. The validation of the nutrient approach to classifying fortification status showed strong internal validity between classification methods. For the beverages and grain products overall, 24% and 73% were fortified, respectively, with variation by product category. Vitamin C fortification was common in 100% juice and ready-to-eat cereal (30% and 44%), vitamin A fortification was common in ready-to-eat cereal (51%), whereas iron and calcium fortification were more common in breads and cereals (34‒53%). Nutrient concentrations differed substantially between unfortified and fortified products.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fortification with the 4 micronutrients was common and varied by food category, with >50% of the daily value per serving observed for some categories. These results and methodological framework can help elucidate the role of fortification in nutrient intake and diet quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}