Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Vitamin C-Rich Guava Consumed with Mungbean Dal Reduces Anemia and Increases Hemoglobin but not Iron Stores: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Food-to-Food Fortification in Indian Children","authors":"Varsha Rani ,&nbsp;Diego Moretti ,&nbsp;Neelam Khetarpaul ,&nbsp;Prashanth Thankachan ,&nbsp;Michael B Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Alida Melse-Boonstra ,&nbsp;Inge D Brouwer","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adding vitamin C-rich fruit to staples containing iron could be an effective strategy to improve iron bioavailability and thereby reduce iron-deficiency anemia in children.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to assess the effect of consuming a mungbean-based meal with or without guava fruit on body iron stores, hemoglobin concentration, and anemia of children as part of a school feeding program.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a 7-mo randomized, controlled trial with 6- to 10-y-old school children (<em>n =</em> 200; 46% anemic, 71% iron-deficient) from a rural community in Haryana, North India. Children were assigned to 2 treatment groups to daily receive either a meal of mungbean dal only (3.0 mg iron; vitamin C:iron molar ratio ∼0.5:1), or mungbean dal with fresh guava (3.2 mg iron; ∼170 mg vitamin C; molar ratio ∼18:1). Meals were served every school day under supervision. The primary outcome was body iron stores, whereas concentrations of hemoglobin and other iron indicators were secondary outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Daily consumption of mungbean dal along with guava did not result in an overall improvement of body iron stores [mean treatment effect: 0.65 mg/kg body weight; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.34, 1.63; <em>P</em> = 0.197]. However, compared with children who consumed mungbean dal only, children in the guava group showed a larger increase in hemoglobin concentration (3.7 g/L; 95% CI: 1.6, 5.6; <em>P</em> = 0.001), and a larger drop in the prevalence of anemia (−51%; 95% CIs: −74, −10; <em>P</em> = 0.022) and iron-deficiency anemia (−56%, 95% CI: −83, 13; <em>P</em> = 0.087). These effects were more pronounced in children who were iron deficient at study start.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Addition of guava to a mungbean-based meal containing a moderate amount of iron increased hemoglobin and reduced anemia but did not provide enough additional absorbed iron to also increase body iron stores. Food-to-food fortification by inclusion of vitamin C-rich fruits in iron-containing school meals may help alleviate the burden of anemia in children.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01191463</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3740-3748"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar In Vitro Ileal Fermentation Outcomes Validate the Use of a Pig Ileal Inoculum in an In Vitro Fermentation Assay for the Adult Human","authors":"Anna ME Hoogeveen ,&nbsp;Paul J Moughan ,&nbsp;Natascha Stroebinger ,&nbsp;Suzanne M Hodgkinson ,&nbsp;Warren C McNabb ,&nbsp;Carlos A Montoya","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>An in vivo/in vitro ileal fermentation assay using growing pigs has shown important fermentability and organic acid production. This assay could be used to study human foods but needs validation.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To validate using a pig inoculum for studying human ileal fermentation by comparing the <em>in vitro</em> fermentation of fibre substrates using ileal inocula prepared from growing pigs or human ileostomates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ten pigs (19 ± 4.5 kg bodyweight, mean ± standard deviation) received a diet containing human foods. After 2 wk, ileal digesta were collected 5 h postmeal. Five recruited human ileostomates incorporated the same human foods into their diet for a week before consuming 2 meals similar to the pigs’ diet. Ileal effluents were then collected from 2 to 6 h postmeal. The porcine ileal digesta and human ileal effluents were used for microbial analysis and in vitro fermentation of arabinogalactan, fructooligosaccharides, and pectin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The in vitro organic matter fermentability of arabinogalactan, fructooligosaccharides, and pectin was similar (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) between the pig and human ileal inocula (34 ± 2.13% on mean). Regardless of substrates, the propionic and lactic acid production was similar between humans and pigs (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Ninety percent of the ileal bacterial genera were found in similar (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) numbers in pigs and human ileostomates, which accords with the similar (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) Shannon diversity index and predicted metabolic activity. However, some of the most abundant genera were different between species, such as <em>Granulicatella</em> which had 83-fold greater (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05) numbers in human ileostomates, and <em>Lactobacillus</em> had 272-fold greater (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05) numbers in pigs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The in vitro ileal fermentation patterns were similar across species despite some ileal microbial compositional differences, suggesting that the growing pig could be used as a model to provide an ileal inoculum for studying ileal fermentation in adult humans.</div><div>This trial was registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials registry as ACTRN12622000813785.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3815-3823"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Evidence Supports that Long-Term Consumption of Higher-Protein Breakfast Promotes Higher Expression of Select miRNA Associated with Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescents","authors":"Kamille A Piacquadio ,&nbsp;Lee M Margolis ,&nbsp;Jess A Gwin ,&nbsp;Heather J Leidy","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Increased dietary protein at breakfast promotes cardiometabolic health; however, whether these improvements occur at the molecular level is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective was to examine whether long-term consumption of breakfast, varying in protein quantity, alters the expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with cardiometabolic health in “breakfast-skipping” adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty adolescents (age: 19 ± 1 y; body mass index: 25.4 ± 3 kg/m²) completed a 6-mo tightly controlled breakfast trial in which participants consumed 350 kcal normal-protein (NP, 10 g protein) or higher-protein (HP, 30 g protein) breakfasts or continued to BS for 6 mo. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline (PRE) and 6 mo (POST) for assessment of 12 a priori circulating plasma miRNA expression levels (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction), glucose, insulin, IL-6, and C-reactive protein.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No main effects of group were observed for any miRNAs; however, a time-by-group interaction was detected for the expression of miR-126-3p (<em>P =</em> 0.05). HP breakfast tended to increase miR-126-3p expression throughout the study (POST-PRE, <em>P =</em> 0.09) leading to greater expression at POST compared with BS (<em>P =</em> 0.03), whereas NP breakfast did not. Additionally, several miRNAs predicted fasting concentrations of IL-6: miR-320a-3p, -146a-5p, -150-5p, -423-5p, -122-5p, glucose: miR-24-3p, -126-3p; insulin: miR-24-3p, -126-3p, -15b-5p; insulin sensitivity: miR-24-3p, -126-3p, -199a-5p, -15b-5p; and β-cell function: miR-15b-5p (<em>R</em>² between 0.2 and 0.39; <em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) from PRE and POST samples across groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These data support the daily consumption of a HP breakfast to promote cardiometabolic health, potentially through changes in miRNA expression, in a sensitive life-stage where early intervention strategies are critical to reduce the risk of adult-onset chronic disease.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>NCT03146442.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3585-3591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative Uptake of Tomato Carotenoids by In Vitro Intestinal and Prostate Cancer Cells","authors":"Nancy E Moran ,&nbsp;Brianna Alexander ,&nbsp;Shivi Garg ,&nbsp;Nathan Marchant ,&nbsp;Noor A Hason","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Consumption of tomatoes and tomato carotenoids is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. Prostate tissue accumulates tomato carotenoids, including lycopene, β-carotene, and phytoene. Phytoene accumulation is relatively greater in the prostate than that of lycopene, but the metabolic determinants of tissue carotenoid profiles are poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to determine if differences in stability, cellular uptake, and clearance of phytoene compared with lycopene or β-carotene by prostate and intestinal cells may explain differences in observed tissue carotenoid profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Gene and protein expression for carotenoid metabolism in prostate cell lines were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Uptake, efflux, and clearance of phytoene, lycopene, or β-carotene by prostate cell [LNCaP (Lymph Node Carcinoma of the Prostate cell line), RWPE-1 (a human prostate epithelial cell line), and PC-3 (aprostate cancer cell line)] and absorptive enterocyte (Caco-2) cultures were compared. The effect of scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1) inhibition on carotenoid uptake by LNCaP, RWPE-1, and Caco-2 cells was tested.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SCARB1 was expressed across prostate cell lines. Lycopene, phytoene, and β-carotene uptakes were similar in LNCaP and PC-3 cells, whereas RWPE-1 cells absorbed a smaller portion of the phytoene dose than lycopene or β-carotene doses. The clearance rates of carotenoids from LNCaP cells did not differ. Intestinal cell uptake of phytoene was greatest, followed by β-carotene and lycopene. SCARBI inhibitor treatment did not significantly reduce the uptake or efflux of carotenoids by LNCaP or Caco-2 cells at the dose concentration provided.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, this study suggests that greater bioavailability at the point of the intestine and greater stability of phytoene are determinants of the relative enrichment of phytoene in prostate tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3639-3651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method to Estimate the Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Requirement Using Nonesterified DHA and Arachidonic Acid Oxylipins and Fatty Acids","authors":"Anne Manson ,&nbsp;Karanbir K Sidhu ,&nbsp;Oleksandra Fedorova ,&nbsp;Huy Hoang Khai La ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Magaji ,&nbsp;Le Kim Long Nguyen ,&nbsp;Tanja Winter ,&nbsp;Harold M Aukema","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The dietary requirement for α-linolenic acid (ALA) remains unclear, as evidenced by the absence of a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for this essential fatty acid (FA). In previous studies, we observed that the amount of dietary ALA required to maximize nonesterified (NE) DHA oxylipins appears to be higher than the amount required to maximize tissue esterified DHA, which have classically been used to estimate the ALA requirement. Further, we observed that dietary ALA reduces esterified arachidonic acid (ARA) and its NE oxylipins.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Since NE oxylipins and FA mediate the biological activities of FA, we examined whether these DHA and ARA pools could be used to determine the dietary ALA requirement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nine groups of 4-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (<em>n</em> = 5) and 10 groups of male and female CD1 mice (<em>n</em> = 6) were provided 0.1–2.5 g ALA and 2 g of linoleic acid per 100 g of AIN93G-based diets. NE DHA and ARA and their oxylipins in serum, liver, kidney, and brain homogenates underwent solid phase extraction and were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. Breakpoint analysis of transitions from increase to plateau was conducted using piecewise regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In response to increasing dietary ALA, NE DHA oxylipins, and DHA in serum, liver, and kidney (but not the brain) initially increased rapidly and then reached a plateau whereas ARA oxylipins and ARA tended to decrease before reaching a plateau. Thus, breakpoints were calculated for the ratios of DHA/ARA and hydroxy-DHA/hydroxy-ARA (DHA_OH/ARA_OH), which consisted of oxylipins synthesized via pathways common to both FA. In serum, liver, and kidney, the highest estimated breakpoint indicated an ALA requirement of ∼0.7 g/100 g diet (1.7% energy), approximately twice that of previous estimations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study supports the use of NE DHA_OH/ARA_OH or DHA/ARA as biochemical indicators of the ALA requirement. Applying this method in rats and mice indicates that the requirement is higher than previously estimated using esterified DHA alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3681-3692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Meal Frequency and Glycemic Index During the Night Shift on Alertness, Hunger, and Gastrointestinal Complaints in Female Health Care Workers—A Two-Armed Randomized Crossover Trial","authors":"Mariëlle G de Rijk,&nbsp;Sanne Boesveldt,&nbsp;Edith JM Feskens,&nbsp;Jeanne HM de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nutrition strategies for night-shift workers could optimize alertness and minimize hunger and reduce gastrointestinal complaints, enhancing safety and well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of 1 or 3 small meals, with either low or high glycemic index (GI), compared with no meal, on alertness, hunger, and gastrointestinal complaints during the night shift.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty-one female health care workers, aged 18 to 61 y, participated in a 2-armed randomized crossover design. In 1 study arm, participants received 1 yogurt meal during the night shift, AND in the other, they received 3. Each study arm involved 3 intervention periods during night shifts, with participants consuming yogurt with low GI (1LGI or 3LGI) OR high GI (1HGI or 3HGI) carbohydrates, or no meal (0NGI). Objective alertness was assessed using a validated brief psychomotor vigilance task (PVT-B), subjective alertness with the Samn–Perelli scale, and hunger and gastrointestinal complaints through questionnaires.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants in the 1LGI (β: −4.6; 95% CI: 0.0, 9.3) and 3LGI (β: −3.4; 95% CI: 0.0, 6.8) conditions had fewer lapses during the PVT-B than those in the 3HGI condition. No differences were found between meal conditions for median and reciprocal reaction time or subjective alertness. All 4 conditions reported less hunger (β: from −0.6 to −1.2) compared with no meal. The 3LGI condition resulted in more rumbling intestines than the 3HGI (β: 1.1; 95% CI: 0.4, 1.7) and 0NGI (β: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.37) conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study suggests that consuming 3 small low GI meals during the night shift helps maintain alertness and reduces lapses compared with 3 high GI meals. It also minimizes hunger but may cause mild gastrointestinal complaints.</div><div>This trial was registered at International Clinical Trial Registry (<span><span>https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID%3dNL-OMON25574</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3803-3814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of a Composite Lipid Emulsion with Fish Oil in Hospitalized Neonates and Infants Requiring Prolonged Parenteral Nutrition - A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Controlled Trial","authors":"Steven A Abrams ,&nbsp;Kimberly D Ernst ,&nbsp;Joern-Hendrik Weitkamp ,&nbsp;Maria Mascarenhas ,&nbsp;Ann Anderson-Berry ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Rudolph ,&nbsp;Con Y Ling ,&nbsp;Daniel T Robinson ,&nbsp;Darla Shores ,&nbsp;Amy B Hair ,&nbsp;Joanne Lai ,&nbsp;Brian Lane ,&nbsp;Katherine R McCallie ,&nbsp;Orly Levit ,&nbsp;Jae H Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intravenous lipids are critical to the care of extremely premature and other high-risk infants.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study evaluated safety and efficacy of parenteral nutrition (PN) with composite intravenous lipid emulsion (CO-ILE) with fish oil compared with pure soybean oil lipid emulsion (SOLE).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter study (NCT02579265) in neonates/infants anticipated to require ≥28 d of PN due to gastrointestinal malformations or injury. Duration of the initial and extended treatment phase was 28 d and 84 d, respectively (for patients with PN indication after day 28).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighty-three patients (mean postnatal age 11.4 d, 54 preterm) received CO-ILE and 78 patients received SOLE (mean postnatal age 8.3 d, 59 preterm). Thirty-three patients per group completed 28 d of treatment. Risk of having conjugated bilirubin values &gt;2 mg/dL confirmed by a second sample 7 d after the first during the initial treatment phase (primary outcome) was 2.4% (2 of 83) with CO-ILE and 3.8% (3 of 78) with SOLE (risk ratio: 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09, 3.76). Between days 29 and 84, the number of patients with confirmed conjugated bilirubin values &gt;2 mg/dL did not increase in the CO-ILE group (<em>n</em> = 2) and increased in the SOLE group (<em>n</em> = 9). At the end of the initial treatment phase, conjugated bilirubin concentrations were 45.6% lower under CO-ILE than under SOLE (<em>P</em> = 0.006). There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of essential fatty acid deficiency in patients in the CO-ILE group. Median time to discharge alive was 56.7 d and 66.4 d with CO-ILE and SOLE, respectively (hazard ratio: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.68).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CO-ILE was associated with a possible lower risk of cholestasis and significantly lower conjugated bilirubin concentration at the end of the initial treatment phase in high-risk neonates and infants as compared with patients treated with SOLE. In summary, these data indicate that CO-ILE can be considered safe and may be preferable over SOLE in high-risk neonates.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT02579265.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3615-3625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid during Suckling and Weaning Contributes to Oral Tolerance Development by Beneficially Modulating the Intestinal Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Levels in an Allergy-Prone Brown Norway Rat Model","authors":"Ren Wang,&nbsp;Dhruvesh Patel,&nbsp;Susan Goruk,&nbsp;Caroline Richard,&nbsp;Catherine J Field","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Suckling and weaning arachidonic acid (ARA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation promoted oral tolerance (OT) development in pups, however, the effect of it on the intestine to promote OT development remains unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to explore the impact of this supplementation on intestinal fatty acid composition, structure, and indicators that are supportive of OT development.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Allergy-prone Brown Norway dams were randomly assigned to a control (0% ARA, 0% DHA) or ARA + DHA diet (0.45% ARA, 0.8% DHA) during suckling (0–3 wk). At weaning (3–8 wk), offspring were randomly assigned to a control (0% ARA, 0% DHA) or ARA + DHA diet (0.5% ARA, 0.5% DHA). At 3 wk, offspring in each group received an oral gavage of sucrose or ovalbumin (OVA) solution for five consecutive days. At 7 wk, all offspring received an intraperitoneal OVA injection. At 8 wk, offspring were terminated to evaluate jejunum morphology and measure mucosal food allergy-related secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and cytokines, ileum phospholipid and triglyceride fatty acid compositions, and fecal calprotectin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Weaning ARA + DHA resulted in a higher percentage of DHA in ileum phospholipids and triglycerides (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), without affecting the percentage of ARA. Despite no lasting effect of suckling ARA + DHA on the DHA content in ileum phospholipids, a programming effect was found on the allergy-related intestinal immune profile [higher concentrations of mucosal IL-2 (<em>P</em> = 0.049) and sIgA (<em>P</em> = 0.033)]. OVA treatment resulted in a lower concentration of mucosal IL-6 (<em>P</em> = 0.026) regardless of dietary interventions. Offspring fed ARA + DHA during suckling and/or weaning had a higher concentration of mucosal transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) after OVA treatment but this was not observed in offspring fed control diets during suckling and weaning (<em>P</em> = 0.04).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Early life dietary ARA + DHA supplementation to allergy-prone rats enhanced the DHA concentration in intestinal phospholipids (weaning period) and increased the mucosal sIgA, IL-2, and TGF-β levels (suckling and weaning period), indicating its ability to create a tolerogenic intestinal environment to support OT development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3790-3802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential New Methods to Analyze Basal and Total Endogenous Protein Losses of Host and Bacterial Origin in Pigs","authors":"Lonneke Noorman ,&nbsp;Bart van der Hee ,&nbsp;Walter JJ Gerrits ,&nbsp;Kim CM Lammers-Jannink ,&nbsp;Arie K Kies ,&nbsp;Nikkie van der Wielen ,&nbsp;Marco Tretola ,&nbsp;Guido JEJ Hooiveld ,&nbsp;Sonja de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Current systems for assessing protein quality such as the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score correct apparent amino acid (AA) digestibility for basal endogenous protein losses (bEPL), ignoring the potential influence of the diet on these losses. However, the quantification of total endogenous protein losses (tEPL) poses a challenge.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate different methods for quantifying tEPL and bEPL, and to assess their potential in discriminating between tEPL originating from bacteria and host.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using an incomplete Youden square design, 12 ileal cannulated pigs received 10 different protein sources, and a nitrogen-free (NF) diet. Ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7 of each 1-wk feeding period, to quantify endogenous protein losses (EPL) and analyze apparent ileal digestibility. Ileal EPL were estimated based on <em>1</em>) 16S-+18S gene copy quantitative polymerase chain reaction, <em>2</em>) diaminopimelic acid (DAPA)+18S, <em>3</em>) differential AA profiles in digesta, EPL, and bacteria, equaling tEPL, and <em>4</em>) an NF diet and <em>5</em>) whey protein isolate (WPI), equaling bEPL.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ileal bEPL based on the NF and WPI method correlated moderately to highly (<em>r</em> = 0.69, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but the NF method probably underestimated bEPL. In pigs fed the WPI diet, EPL based on the WPI and AA profile method were highly correlated (<em>r</em> = 0.88, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Overall, tEPL based on the AA profile method were moderately correlated with the 16S+18S method (<em>r</em> = 0.58, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.001), and DAPA+18S (<em>r</em> = 0.57, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Low correlations were observed between bacterial tEPL based on the AA profile method and 16S or DAPA. Host tEPL based on the AA profile method and 18S were weakly correlated (<em>r</em> = 0.39, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The AA profile method seems the most appropriate method for tEPL quantification, whereas the WPI method is preferred for bEPL quantification. Despite challenges in distinguishing between bacterial and host EPL, it is evident that bacterial proteins substantially (on average 37%–83%, depending on method) contribute to the EPL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3832-3846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Association of the Mediterranean Diet with the Onset of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity in a UK-Based Cohort: The EPIC-Norfolk Study","authors":"Qiaoye Wang ,&nbsp;Amand Floriaan Schmidt ,&nbsp;S Goya Wannamethee","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), defined as the co-occurrence of 2 or more cardiometabolic diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), is an increasing public health challenge. Although poor diet is a known risk factor for a first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), the relationship with subsequent occurrence of CMM is less studied.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the prospective association between baseline adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the onset of CMM across various follow-up durations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk cohort study of 21,900 adults, aged 40–79 free of prevalent MI, stroke, and T2D at baseline (1993–1997). A median-based Mediterranean diet score and a pyramid-based MDS (pyr-MDS) were used to measure baseline adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Multistate modeling was employed to investigate associations with the FCMD and the subsequent CMM event.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the entire follow-up period of 21.4 y (median), we observed 5028 FCMD and 734 CMM events. Multistate analysis indicated that the association between baseline Mediterranean diet and the risk of CMM may be stronger in shorter follow-up durations. Particularly, baseline pyr-MDS was significantly associated with the risk of subsequent CMM transitioning from FCMD when follow-up durations were limited to 10 and 15 y, with hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) being 0.67 (0.53, 0.84) and 0.80 (0.70, 0.92) per SD increase in pyr-MDS, respectively. Additionally, we observed that the risk of CMM transitioning from FCMD was modified by social class across shorter to longer follow-ups, where the impact of baseline Mediterranean diet was only significant in nonmanual workers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Baseline adherence to the Mediterranean diet was potentially associated with a lower risk of CMM transitioning from FCMD, particularly during shorter follow-up periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 12","pages":"Pages 3761-3769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}