Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites Predict Metabolic Health Features across Various Dietary Patterns in Adults","authors":"Alexis D Baldeon ,&nbsp;Tori A Holthaus ,&nbsp;Naiman A Khan ,&nbsp;Hannah D Holscher","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Consuming healthful dietary patterns reduces risk of developing metabolic diseases and nourishes the intestinal microbiota. Thus, investigating the microbial underpinnings of dietary influences on metabolic health is of clinical interest.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the unique contributions of fecal taxa and metabolites in predicting metabolic health markers in adults across various dietary patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dietary, metabolic, and fecal microbiota and metabolome data from 118 adults (25–45 y) were used for these cross-sectional analyses. The Diet History Questionnaire II assessed adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean diet, Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurocognitive delay (MIND), and the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020). Metabolic features included waist circumference, blood pressure, and circulating triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose concentrations. Microbiota composition was assessed via 16S amplicon sequencing and volatile fatty acid and bile acid concentrations were measured by targeted metabolomics. Analyses of compositions with bias correction 2 (ANCOM-BC2) and correlation analyses were used to screen for microbiota features independently associated with dietary patterns and metabolic health markers. Then, hierarchical linear regression models were used to evaluate the unique contributions of select microbial features on metabolic markers beyond adherence to dietary patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HEI-2020 positively associated with microbiota richness (<em>P</em> = 0.02). Beta diversity varied across all dietary patterns (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). DASH diet scores, <em>Eubacterium</em> <em>xylanophilum</em> abundance<em>,</em> and deoxycholic acid concentration explained the most variance in systolic (<em>R</em>² = 0.32) and diastolic (<em>R</em>² = 0.26) blood pressure compared with other dietary patterns and microbial features. TG concentrations were best predicted by MIND diet scores, <em>E</em> <em>eligens</em> abundance<em>,</em> and isobutyrate concentrations (<em>R</em>² = 0.24).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Integrating fecal taxa and metabolites alongside dietary indices improved metabolic health marker prediction. These results point to a potential role of the intestinal microbiota in underpinning physiological responses to diet and highlight potential microbial biomarkers of metabolic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1795-1803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Prenatal Dietary Factors with Child Autism Diagnosis and Autism-Related Traits Using a Mixtures Approach: Results from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort","authors":"Megan G Bragg ,&nbsp;Juliette Rando ,&nbsp;Kecia N Carroll ,&nbsp;Stephanie M Eick ,&nbsp;Margaret R Karagas ,&nbsp;Pi-I Lin ,&nbsp;Rebecca J Schmidt ,&nbsp;Kristen Lyall","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous research on the role of maternal diet in relation to autism has focused on examining individual nutrient associations. Few studies have examined associations with multiple nutrients using mixtures approaches, which may better reflect true exposure scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to examine associations of nutrient mixtures with children’s autism diagnosis and trait scores within a large, diverse population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were drawn from the United States Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium. Maternal prenatal diet was reported via validated food frequency questionnaires. Children’s autism-related traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and autism diagnoses were from parent reports of physician diagnosis. Bayesian kernel machine regression was used to examine the overall mixture effect and interactions between a set of 5 primary nutrients (folate, vitamin D, omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids, and iron), adjusted for potential confounders, in relationship to child outcomes. Secondary analyses were conducted in a subset of cohorts with an expanded set of 14 nutrients. Traditional linear and logistic regression models were also analyzed for comparison of results to mixture models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 2614 participants drawn from 7 ECHO cohorts were included in primary analysis. Mixture analyses suggested that increasing the overall 5-nutrient mixture was associated with lower SRS scores. Individual U-shaped associations and bivariate interactions between folate and omega 3 fatty acids were suggested. In the subset included in the secondary analyses of the 14-nutrient mixture, a modest inverse trend remained, but individual nutrient associations were altered, with vitamin D demonstrating higher relative importance than other nutrients. Strong associations with autism diagnosis were not observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this large sample, we found evidence for combined nutrient effects with broader autism-related traits. Because results for individual nutrients were sensitive to mixture components, replication of combined associations between nutrients and autism-related outcomes is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1938-1951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Consumption of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni on Rat Females: Actions on Their Fertility, Progeny, and Behavior","authors":"María Sol Kruse ,&nbsp;Héctor Coirini ,&nbsp;Mariana Rey","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The growing interest in healthy diets has led to increased consumption of natural products such as stevia. Pregnant females, who often consume high amounts of non-caloric sweeteners, are particularly vulnerable. Given the limited health guidelines on stevia, evaluating its effects on this population and their offspring is essential.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study assessed the impact of early, continuous exposure to an aqueous extract of <em>Stevia rebaudiana</em> Bertoni (Asteraceae) on female rat reproductive health, anxiety, sexual behavior, and progeny outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Female Sprague-Dawley rats (PND21) were assigned to a control group (CON, water) or a stevia group (STE). In experiment 1, estrous cycles were monitored via vaginal smears (CON, <em>n</em> = 6/assay; STE, <em>n</em> = 14/assay). Anxiety-like behavior was assessed using the elevated plus maze test, and sexual behavior was evaluated through the partner preference test (CON, <em>n</em> = 4/assay; STE, <em>n</em> = 4/assay). Pregnancy rate, duration, litter size, sex ratio, and offspring survival were also assessed. In experiment 2, stevia administration began 5, 10, 15, or 50 d before mating, and the same reproductive parameters were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using a Student’s t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA), and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Fisher’s Protected Least Significant Difference post-hoc test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The STE group exhibited disrupted estrous cycles, reduced pregnancy rates, and smaller litters (with notably fewer males). Body weight was significantly lower in the STE group during the third week of pregnancy. There were no significant differences in food or beverage intake. Behaviorally, the STE group showed decreased sexual partner preference, lower anxiety, and increased risk assessment behavior. Prolonged premating exposure to stevia was associated with extended pregnancy duration, smaller litters, and higher pup weights at PND1.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Stevia disrupted fertility, reducing pregnancy rates, litter size, and male offspring, while extending gestation. Prolonged exposure worsened these effects, highlighting stevia’s impact on reproduction and prenatal development. These findings underscore the need for improved health guidelines for vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1839-1850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory-Enhancing Effects of Daidzin, Possibly Through Dopaminergic and AChEergic Dependent Pathways","authors":"Muhammad Torequl Islam ,&nbsp;Abdullah Al Shamsh Prottay ,&nbsp;Md Shimul Bhuia ,&nbsp;Md Showkot Akbor ,&nbsp;Raihan Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Siddique Akber Ansari ,&nbsp;Irfan Aamer Ansari ,&nbsp;Md Amirul Islam ,&nbsp;Catarina Martins Tahim ,&nbsp;Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The soy isoflavone daidzin (DZN) possesses cognitive-enhancing effects in animals.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>However, the mechanism for this effect is yet to be discovered.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>For this, we investigate its memory-enhancing capacity using the mouse models of marble burying, dust removal, an open-field study, and in silico studies. Adult male Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned to different groups consisting of control (vehicle: 10 mL/kg), DZN 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, dopamine (agonist: 22 mg/kg), galantamine (inhibitor: 3 mg/kg), and a combination of DZN-10 with standards.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DZN dose-dependently and significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) increased marble burying and removed dust while decreasing the total distance in the open-field test (OFT). DZN-10 enhanced dopamine’s effect significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In silico findings suggest that DZN has strong binding capacities of –10.3, –7.5, –9.8, and –9.2 kcal/mol to the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), D₁, D₃, and D₅ receptors, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Taken together, DZN may exert its memory-enhancing ability by interacting with AChE and dopamine receptors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1677-1688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of Choline Intake with Biomarkers of Liver Health by Genotype–A Cross-Sectional Analysis","authors":"Taylor C Wallace ,&nbsp;Alexandra E Cowan-Pyle ,&nbsp;Kevin C Klatt ,&nbsp;Regan L Bailey","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Controlled feeding studies demonstrate that genetic variation in the folate-mediated one-carbon and choline metabolism pathway influence risk of organ dysfunction from consuming choline-deficient (&lt;50 mg/d) diets. Whether genotype influences the relationship between choline intake and biomarkers of liver function in the general population remains unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to conduct an exploratory cross-sectional analysis to examine the relationship between dietary choline intake with circulating biomarkers of liver function that are commonly impaired by inadequate choline, stratified by genotype across common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in one-carbon and choline metabolism-related enzymes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>United States adults (≥20 y) in the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who were nonpregnant, nonlactating, had reliable 24-h dietary recall(s), and blood collected for DNA purification (that is, complete genetic data) were included (<em>n =</em> 1438). Mean dietary choline intake was estimated using the USDA’s Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies and the Choline Content of Common Foods Database. Associations between choline intake and available biomarkers of liver function, adjusted for age (y), BMI, fasting plasma glucose, and total protein and energy intake, were investigated for each SNP, using multiple linear regression. Statistical significance was set at a Bonferroni-corrected <em>P &lt;</em> 0.0167 to account for multiplicity across tertiles of choline intake, based on the number of examined genotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The lowest tertile of choline intake was not associated with elevated markers of liver dysfunction relative to higher intakes in the entire population or in analyses stratified by common SNPs in one-carbon and choline metabolism pathway enzymes. Higher choline intake was associated with an increase in circulating triglycerides among individuals with the MTR GG (rs1805087) minor genotype.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this exploratory NHANES analysis, self-reported choline intakes were not associated with worsening circulating liver function biomarkers in the study population as a whole or when stratified by genotype. Our findings did not recapitulate observed relationships in controlled feeding trials, potentially due to higher habitual choline intakes or limitations of using national surveillance samples to assess diet-x-gene interactions. Further exploration of this research question in prospective cohorts or controlled trials with a broader array of nutritional status markers is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1970-1977"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Prenatal Maternal Selenium Concentration and Neurodevelopment in Early Childhood, Results from a Mother–Child Cohort Study","authors":"Suman Ranjitkar ,&nbsp;Ingrid Kvestad ,&nbsp;Ram K Chandyo ,&nbsp;Tor A Strand ,&nbsp;Kjersti S Bakken ,&nbsp;Manjeswori Ulak ,&nbsp;Sandra Huber ,&nbsp;Maria Averina ,&nbsp;Merina Shrestha ,&nbsp;Mari Hysing","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient essential for human health and the developing brain. A few studies have demonstrated associations between maternal Se concentration and child neurodevelopment.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to describe Se status in pregnant Nepalese females and explore the association between maternal Se plasma concentration in early pregnancy and child neurodevelopment measured during early childhood in Nepalese children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The cohort study included 800 mother–infant dyads from Bhaktapur, Nepal. Blood samples from pregnant females were drawn within 15 wk of gestation and Se concentration was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Child neurodevelopment was assessed at 6, 12, and 24 mo with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-3). We used linear mixed models to examine the association between maternal plasma Se concentration and Bayley-3 scores, adjusted for maternal age and socioeconomic status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean (standard deviation) maternal plasma Se concentration was 74.8 μg/L (10.4 μg/L), and 290 (36.3%) pregnant females had Se concentration indicating deficiency (&lt;71.1 μg/L). We found no significant association between maternal Se concentration and the Bayley-3 total <em>z</em>-score [Coeff. 0.002 (95% confidence interval: –0.007, 0.011)], and no associations between Se concentration and any of the Bayley-3 composite and subscale scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite a substantial proportion of pregnant females with Se deficiency, maternal Se concentration was not associated with early childhood neurodevelopment in our study cohort of healthy pregnant Nepalese females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 6","pages":"Pages 1962-1969"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification and Estimation of Dietary Live Microorganisms and Fermented Foods Intake in Swiss Adults.","authors":"Eugenia Pertziger, Ueli von Ah, Murielle Bochud, Angeline Chatelan, John Haldemann, Elaine Hillesheim, Michel Kaiser, Guy Vergères, Kathryn J Burton-Pimentel","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary live microorganisms and fermented foods may benefit human health by modulating gut microbiota composition and function. However, their classification and intake are not well-defined in population-based studies assessing whole diets.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of this study were to classify and quantify the intake of foods with live microorganisms and fermented foods among Swiss adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 2086 adults aged 18-75 y in the cross-sectional Swiss National Nutrition Survey menuCH (2014-2015). Food items were classified by live microorganism levels (low, <10⁴ CFU/g; medium, 10⁴-10⁷ CFU/g; or high, >10⁷ CFU/g) and fermented food descriptors, including fermented ingredients and core microbiota. Intake of these foods was determined at the population level by demographic subgroups, food categories, and nutrient contributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean intake of medium or high live microorganism foods (MedHi) was 269.3 g/d (8.0% of total food intake), primarily from fruit, vegetables, and fermented dairy products. MedHi foods contributed 12.3% of daily energy intake and >20% of daily intake of several nutrients, including β-carotene, vitamins A, C, B12, folate, calcium, and saturated fat. Fermented foods accounted for 717.1 g/d (21.0% of total food intake), mainly from coffee, bread products, alcoholic beverages, and fermented dairy, contributing 27.0% of daily energy and >30% of daily calcium, phosphorus, sodium, zinc, vitamins A and B12, starch, and saturated fat. Significant differences in MedHi food intake were observed between sexes and age groups but not linguistic regions, whereas fermented food intake varied across all population subgroups. We identified 186 microorganisms across 6 taxonomic levels in fermented foods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides a comprehensive classification of live microorganism levels and fermented foods, highlighting their intake and nutrient contribution to the Swiss diet. These results set the stage for future research linking the dietary intake of these foods to health outcomes in population studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late-Life Short-Term Dietary Restriction Improves Intestinal Stem Cell Function and Alters Intestinal Stem Cell Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation in Mice.","authors":"Kavitha Kurup, Michael Chan, Eric Moore, Michelle Ranjo-Bishop, Kevin Pham, David R Stanford, Willard M Freeman, Archana Unnikrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intestinal regenerative capacity declines with age due to the declining intestinal stem cell (ISC) function. Dietary restriction (DR), the most robust anti-aging intervention to date, has been shown to improve ISC function in young mice.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of short-term DR (stDR) on ISC function when implemented late in life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two- and twenty-one-month-old male C57BL/6 mice, fed on National Institutes of Health-31 (NIH-31), an open-source, unpurified, natural ingredient diet, were subjected to ad libitum feeding or stDR (40% DR for 4-mo) with 6 mice/age/treatment. Effects of age and stDR on ISC (leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5) function was evaluated using in vitro enteroid-forming assay followed by ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis (using strand next-generation sequencing analysis software) and oxidative whole-genome bisulfite sequencing for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation (using the R package methyl kit). Statistical analysis was conducted, where appropriate, using a 1-way analysis of variance with multiple testing corrections or Student's t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data shows that stDR increases enteroid formation when implemented late in life by ≥10-fold (P ≤ 0.05). RNA-Seq analysis identified 38 genes not commonly linked to ISC function but showed a 2-fold change (P ≤ 0.05) with age, which was prevented by stDR. Finally, evaluation of the methylation status of selected genes from RNA-seq (Slc28a3, Ly9, Cd2, Platr4) showed changes in methylation at Cytosine-Guanine (CG) sites in the cis-acting regions of the genes with age which were also prevented by stDR (P ≤ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows for the first time that late-life stDR can improve the function of leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 ISCs from old mice. These data suggest that late-life nutritional strategies might be effective in improving gut function that declines with age and reduce the risk of age-related intestinal disorders. Our study also provides the first data showing that DNA methylation may play a role in the ability of DR to improve ISC function.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphenol Intake and Risk of Dementia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Principal Component Analysis Approach.","authors":"Stelios Chatzispyrellis, Elizabeth Fragopoulou, Eirini Mamalaki, Eva Ntanasi, Maria I Maraki, Sokratis Charisis, Ioannis Mourtzinos, Mary H Kosmidis, Efthimios Dardiotis, Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou, Paraskevi Sakka, Yian Gu, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Mary Yannakoulia","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polyphenols have been associated with brain health, but their impact on humans, especially in combinations, has been less explored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary polyphenol patterns (PPs), dementia incidence, and cognitive changes over time in the elderly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1041 individuals without dementia (mean age 73.1, standard deviation [SD] = 4.9) were followed longitudinally. Participants provided baseline dietary data via a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dementia was diagnosed through clinical and neuropsychological evaluations, and cognitive performance was assessed using a neuropsychological battery. Principal component analysis of 11 polyphenol classes identified 3 distinct PPs. Generalized Estimating Equations assessed cognitive decline rates, whereas Cox regression models evaluated dementia risk, adjusting for covariates such as age, sex, education, energy intake, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke history, coronary disease, and baseline mild cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the follow-up period of 3.0 y (SD = 0.8), 62 participants developed dementia. The PPs explained up to 77.4% of the variance. The third polyphenol pattern (PP3), characterized by lignans, flavonols, and isoflavonoids, predominantly provided by cruciferous vegetables, pulses, and leafy vegetables, was associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline. A 1-unit increase in PP3 intake was associated with 0.9% of a SD less decline per year in the global cognitive score (β = 0.009; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.000, 0.017, P = 0.041). For incident dementia, participants in the third quartile of PP3 had a 71% lower risk than those in the first quartile (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.67, P-trend = 0.018). No significant associations were observed for the other PPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A PP high in lignans, flavonols, and isoflavonoids was associated with a reduced risk of dementia and cognitive decline in elderly Greeks. These findings offered encouraging evidence for combined polyphenol intake, suggesting further validation in different population samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yogurt and Reduced Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Exploring the Food and Drug Administration Qualified Health Claim and Potential Implications for Improving Public Health.","authors":"Miguel Freitas, Annalouise O'Connor, Amanda Blechman, Christopher J Cifelli, Wendy Reinhardt Kapsak","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a significant public health burden in the United States today. As the incidence is predicted to increase, advancing our understanding of food-based recommendations that reduce risk of T2D is critical to improve public health. Over the past 2 decades, a body of scientific evidence has emerged demonstrating the association between consumption of dairy yogurt and reduced risk of T2D. This culminated in 2024, with the decision of the United States Food and Drug Administration to announce a qualified health claim on the consumption of yogurt and reduced T2D risk. Qualified health claims enable specific messaging on the role that a food may play in mediating disease risk. As yogurt is a component of the underconsumed dairy food group within the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, communication on the relationship between yogurt and T2D risk can help encourage the public to increased intake of yogurt and, with it, nutrients of public health concern such as calcium. The key research included in the Food and Drug Administration enforcement discretion letter and evidence-based review is outlined. This Perspective illustrates the outcome of multisector work that includes scientific researchers, nonprofit and industry partners, and policymakers in the development and activation of science-based public health messaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}