Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The Association of Prenatal Dietary Factors with Child Autism Diagnosis and Autism-Related Traits Using a Mixtures Approach: Results from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort.","authors":"Megan G Bragg, Juliette Rando, Kecia N Carroll, Stephanie M Eick, Margaret R Karagas, Pi-I Lin, Rebecca J Schmidt, Kristen Lyall","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research on the role of maternal diet in relation to autism has focused on examining individual nutrient associations. Few studies have examined associations with multiple nutrients using mixtures approaches, which may better reflect true exposure scenarios.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to examine associations of nutrient mixtures with children's autism diagnosis and trait scores within a large, diverse population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were drawn from the United States Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium. Maternal prenatal diet was reported via validated food frequency questionnaires. Children's autism-related traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and autism diagnoses were from parent reports of physician diagnosis. Bayesian kernel machine regression was used to examine the overall mixture effect and interactions between a set of 5 primary nutrients (folate, vitamin D, omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids, and iron), adjusted for potential confounders, in relationship to child outcomes. Secondary analyses were conducted in a subset of cohorts with an expanded set of 14 nutrients. Traditional linear and logistic regression models were also analyzed for comparison of results to mixture models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2614 participants drawn from 7 ECHO cohorts were included in primary analysis. Mixture analyses suggested that increasing the overall 5-nutrient mixture was associated with lower SRS scores. Individual U-shaped associations and bivariate interactions between folate and omega 3 fatty acids were suggested. In the subset included in the secondary analyses of the 14-nutrient mixture, a modest inverse trend remained, but individual nutrient associations were altered, with vitamin D demonstrating higher relative importance than other nutrients. Strong associations with autism diagnosis were not observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this large sample, we found evidence for combined nutrient effects with broader autism-related traits. Because results for individual nutrients were sensitive to mixture components, replication of combined associations between nutrients and autism-related outcomes is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivitamin Use and Mammographic Breast Density.","authors":"Oreoluwa G Oginni, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Adetunji T Toriola","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association of multivitamin use with mammographic breast density (MBD) is unclear, with 2 studies reporting conflicting findings.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to investigate the associations of multivitamin use with volumetric measures of MBD-volumetric percent density (VPD), dense volume (DV), and nondense volume (NDV)-in a diverse population of women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 1083 women recruited during their annual screening mammograms at the Joanne Knight Breast Health Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Participants were classified based on self-reported multivitamin use into nonusers, <1, 1-3, and 4-6 d/wk, and daily users. MBD was assessed as VPD, DV, and NDV using Volpara 1.5. Data were analyzed using general linear modeling and adjusted for potential confounders, including age, BMI, race, menopausal status, education, age at menarche, a family history of breast cancer, parity and age at first birth, oral contraceptive use, menopausal hormone therapy use, and alcohol intake. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivitamin use was not associated with VPD. The adjusted mean VPD was 7.0% (95% CI: 6.6%, 7.2%) for nonusers, 7.1% (95% CI: 6.4%, 8.0%) for women who used multivitamins <1 d/wk, 7.4% (95% CI: 6.6%, 8.3%) for women who used multivitamins 1-3 d/wk, 7.1% (95% CI: 6.3%, 7.7%) for women who used multivitamins 4-6 d/wk, and 6.9% (95% CI: 6.6%, 7.3%) for daily users (P = 0.794). Similar null associations were observed between multivitamin use and DV and NDV. Race and menopausal status did not modify the associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is no association between multivitamin use and MBD, regardless of the frequency of use. Studies evaluating the potential interactions among dietary patterns, specific nutrients, and MBD are needed to enhance our understanding of how dietary factors impact MBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc-Mediated Deacetylation of Farnesoid X Receptor Activates the Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Pathway to Reduce Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Enhance Lipolysis in Yellow Catfish.","authors":"Chuan Chen, Xuebo Liu, Jiawei Wang, Xiaobo Wen, Huihong Zhao, Guanghui Chen, Kun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-fat diets (HFDs) can lead to excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver, leading to liver injury. Dietary zinc (Zn) has been shown to reduce HFD-induced lipid accumulation and improve lipid profiles in mammals, yet it remains unclear whether waterborne Zn maintains its lipid-lowering effects in osteichthyes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory role of Zn in HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and its potential mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Yellow catfish were fed a control diet (11.21% lipid concentration), HFD (16.10% lipid concentration), or HFD combined with waterborne Zn exposure (0.2 mg/L) for 8 wk. Various biochemical, genetic, histologic, and molecular techniques were conducted to evaluate hepatic lipid deposition and lipid metabolism and determine protein interactions between silent information regulator (SIRT) 1 and farnesoid X receptor (FXR), as well as protein-gene interactions between FXR and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HFD feeding significantly increased liver fat content and induced hepatic damage in yellow catfish, but concurrent exposure to waterborne Zn alleviated these detrimental effects. Zn treatment increased mRNA and protein concentrations of SIRT1 (mean ± SEM; 97.19% ± 11.67% and 83.25% ± 28.60%, respectively) and FXR (163.90% ± 24.60% and 24.90% ± 11.12%, respectively) in yellow catfish liver (P < 0.05). Zn-activated FXR directly interacted with the promoter of ATGL, stimulating the expression of atgl (54.40% ± 16.33%; P < 0.05) and facilitating the hydrolysis of triglycerides and lipid droplets. Furthermore, Zn reduced the acetylation concentration of FXR by SIRT1 deacetylation of FXR protein K167.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings reveal that Zn protect against HFD-induced liver injury in yellow catfish by promoting the deacetylation of FXR protein K167 by SIRT1 and activating FXR, thereby promoting the transcriptional activation of ATGL to increase lipolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporation of Whole or Milled Dry Edible Beans into a High-Fat Diet Improves Bone Structure in Obese Mice.","authors":"Jay J Cao, Brian R Gregoire, Derek D Bussan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulses, a healthy diet component, have many bone-beneficial nutrients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated whether incorporation of dried pulses to a high-fat diet improves bone metabolism in obese mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male C57BL/6 mice at 4-wk-old were randomly assigned to 4 diet groups (n = 22-24/group) for 12 wk: a normal-fat (NF; 4.1 kcal/g and 16% energy as fat), a HF (4.9 kcal/g and 48% energy as fat), or a HF containing either whole beans (HFWB) or milled bean flour (HFMB) at 15% wt/wt. Diets containing beans had similar total energy, protein, and fiber content as the HF without beans. Bone structure and related biomarkers were measured. Data were analyzed using a 1-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc contrasts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mice fed the HFWB or HFMB but not the HF had higher lean mass than those fed the NF (P < 0.05, 9.1% and 8.7%, for HFWB and HFMB, respectively). Mice fed the HF, HFWB, or HFMB had 23%, 14%, and 12% lower tibial bone volume/total volume (P < 0.05), respectively, than those on the NF. Mice fed the HF but not the HFWB or HFMB had 9.2% lower bone volume/total volume in the second lumbar vertebrae than those fed the NF (P < 0.05). Pooled HF with bean groups had 18%, 14%, 27%, 17%, and 15% greater body weight, fat mass, plasma concentrations of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen, blood glucose than the HF alone, respectively (P < 0.05). Milled bean flour had a greater impact on body weight, fat mass, tibial structural model index, circulating leptin, and glucose than whole bean relative to the HF alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data indicate that the incorporation of dry edible beans into a HF mitigates but does not fully prevent bone deterioration in obese mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relation Between Carotenoids Measured in the Skin and Eye.","authors":"Spencer F Smith, Lisa M Renzi-Hammond, Jacob B Harth, Billy R Hammond","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carotenoid amounts measured in the skin and retina are increasingly being used as biomarkers of general health, function, and disease. However, whether they are directly interchangeable is not clear. Several previous studies comparing the measures in adults and children have found inconsistent results.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this observational study is to assess the relation between carotenoid amounts measured in the skin and retina.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the relation between the 2 measurements over an extended period and multiple testing sessions; 21 healthy participants were assessed (mean age, 27.0 y; SD, 9.8 y). Macular carotenoids were measured using a standard method based on customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. Skin carotenoids were measured using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both retinal and skin measures showed high reliability (intraclass correlations > 0.90) and stability over time. The 2 measures, when averaged over 5 testing sessions, were moderately but significantly correlated (r = 0.55; P = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Skin carotenoid amounts accounted for approximately a third of the variance in retinal carotenoid density. Carotenoids in both skin and retina likely share many factors that both promote and interfere with accumulation. Each, however, also likely has some unique predictive characteristics as a biomarker. Therefore, when using physiologic carotenoids as a biomarker, the outcome of interest should determine whether to measure carotenoids dermally or in the retina.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Exposure of Nonobese Adult Male Rats to a Soft-Textured, Readily Absorbable Diet Induces Insulin Resistance and Derangements in Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism.","authors":"Fumitake Yamaguchi, Sayaka Akieda-Asai, Eriko Nakamura, Hinano Uchida, Atsushi Yamashita, Yukari Date","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion. Previously, we found that rats fed soft pellets (SPs) on a 3-h restricted schedule over 14 wk demonstrated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance with disruption of insulin signaling.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to determine 1) the time required for an SP diet to induce insulin resistance, and 2) whether the metabolic derangements in rats fed SPs can be reversed by changing to a standard control diet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed glucose tolerance tests and calculated the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) to evaluate the insulinemic response to glucose and assess insulin resistance in nonobese male rats fed control pellets (CPs) or SPs on a 3-h restricted schedule (10:00-13:00) for 4 and 9 wk. At 11 wk, we switched half of the insulin-resistant SP group to CPs [soft-to-control pellets (SCPs)] and after an additional 11 wk evaluated changes in glucose and lipid metabolism across the 3 groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The glucose tolerance test results in the SP and CP rats did not differ at 4 or 9 wk. The insulin levels in the SP group were higher than in the CP group at both time points (P < 0.05). The HOMA-IR was significantly higher in the SP rats at 9 wk compared with the controls (P < 0.05). At 22 wk, the HOMA-IR, blood glucose levels at 30 min after initiating feeding, hepatic glucose metabolism, and lipid synthesis in rats fed SPs continuously were significantly greater than in those fed CPs (P < 0.05); however, these values in the SCP rats did not differ from those in the CP rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A continuous diet of soft-textured, readily absorbable food may be an important and reversible underlying driver in T2D pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles From Lactobacillus fermentum Enhance Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Restore Gut Microbial Homeostasis in Experimental Murine Colitis.","authors":"Yanwei Wang, Tiantian Li, Zhuo Dong, Qiyue Zhang, Jingqiu Mi, Qingfeng Wang, Gang Lin, Qiugang Ma, Ru Jia, Shimeng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lactobacillus fermentum has been shown to improve intestinal health and treat colitis; however, its precise efficacy and mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate whether L fermentum and its metabolites, extracellular vesicles, and other components could modulate intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups: control, DSS, L fermentum+DSS group (LF+DSS), heat-inactivated L fermentum+DSS group (LHF+DSS), L fermentum supernatant solution+DSS group (LSF+DSS), and L fermentum extracellular vesicles+DSS group (LEV+DSS). After a 1-wk acclimation, mice were gavaged daily for 3 wk. Fresh cultures, including live (LF+DSS), heat-inactivated (LHF+DSS), supernatant (LSF+DSS), and extracellular vesicles (LEV+DSS), were prepared daily. During the final 7 d, the control group received normal water, and the other groups received 3% DSS. Data were collected daily, followed by sample collection from the mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, significant reductions (P < 0.05) in body weight changes, disease activity index, intestinal damage, and histology scores were observed in the treatment groups, especially LEV+DSS and LF+DSS. Additionally, compared with the DSS group, colonic mucus secretion, as well as claudin-1 and occludin expression, increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the LEV+DSS and LF+DSS groups, whereas proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α decreased (P < 0.05) and IL-10 increased (P < 0.05) in the LEV+DSS group. L fermentum and its components significantly regulated gut microbiota α-diversity and β-diversity, affecting overall composition. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis revealed an enrichment of beneficial bacteria including Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Romboutsia, and Ruminococcus species in the LF+DSS group and Akkermansia, Odoribacter, and Marvinbryantia species in the LEV+DSS group. Both L fermentum and its extracellular vesicles significantly downregulated the gene expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, whereas the expression of IL-10 was upregulated, thereby contributing to the alleviation of colitis symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals that L fermentum alleviates colitis through modulation of the gut microbiota and reinforcement of the intestinal mucosal barrier, with its extracellular vesicles potentially playing a key role in this regulatory process.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Sectional Associations between Clinical Biochemistry and Nutritional Biomarkers and Sarcopenic Indices of Skeletal Muscle in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.","authors":"Jamie Scott, Max Yates, Toshiko Tanaka, Luigi Ferrucci, Donnie Cameron, Ailsa A Welch","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Investigating relationships between nutritional and clinical biochemistry biomarkers and skeletal muscle mass, strength and function (sarcopenic indices) may 1) highlight micronutrients of interest for potential preventive or treatment strategies for sarcopenia, or 2) highlight biomarkers that may be useful for identifying individuals at risk of sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Investigate associations between nutritional biomarkers (vitamin D, vitamin B₁₂, folate, magnesium, potassium, calcium, and iron), clinical biomarkers (hemoglobin, ferritin, albumin, creatinine, and hemoglobin A1c: HbA1c), and sarcopenic indices (appendicular lean mass: ALM); height-adjusted ALM: ALM_ht; fat-free mass as a percentage of total body weight; extended short physical performance battery score: _extSPPB; height-adjusted hand grip strength: HGS_ht; height-adjusted knee extension concentric strength, and; height-adjusted knee extension isometric strength) in males and females.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using multivariable linear regression analysis, we investigated cross-sectional associations between biomarkers and sarcopenic indices in data collected from 1761 participants (age 22-103 y) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hemoglobin was positively associated with ALM (β = 0.20, P = 0.021), HGS_ht (β = 0.25, P = 0.001), and _extSPPB (β = 0.13, P = 0.024) in males, and with _extSPPB in females (β = 0.15, P = 0.019). In males, serum iron was positively associated with ALM_ht (β = 0.0021, P = 0.038) and _extSPPB (β = 0.0043, P = 0.045). In females, ferritin was positively associated with knee-extension strength measurements. Serum creatinine was positively associated with lean mass measures in males and females and with muscle strength and function measures in males with normal renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²). In males, high HbA1c was associated with lower ALM_ht (β = -0.21, P = 0.023), _extSPPB (β = -0.40, P = 0.027), and HGS_ht (β = -0.56, P = 0.031). In males and females, magnesium was positively associated with _extSPPB, and potassium was positively associated with measures of knee-extension strength.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The associations found between measures of iron status and creatinine and sarcopenic indices, in males in particular, indicate potential importance for muscle health. Future longitudinal and intervention studies are warranted to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folic Acid-Containing Supplement Use among Females Aged 15-55 in the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015-2018.","authors":"Kathryn E Hopperton, Lidia Loukine, The Minh Luong, Loan Nguyen, Jesse Bertinato, Yvette Bonvalot, Marcia Cooper, Wei Luo, Amanda J MacFarlane, Jennifer McCrea, Carley Nicholson, Huma Rana, Kelsey Vercammen, Jane Yuan, Shawn Brule, Hope A Weiler","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Canada, those who are or who could become pregnant are recommended to consume a daily multivitamin containing 400 μg of folic acid to help prevent neural tube defects.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to report the prevalence and determinants of folic acid-containing supplement use among females of childbearing age in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were combined from cycles 2015/2016 and 2017/2018 of the maternal experiences module of the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey, which was completed by females aged 15-55 y. Representative weighted estimates (means/percentages, 95% confidence interval) were generated for folic acid-containing supplement use among all pregnant, nonpregnant, and lactating respondents. For those who had given birth in the preceding 5 y, estimates were also generated for supplement use in the 3 mo before and first 3 mo of their most recent pregnancy, and prepregnancy awareness of the link between folic acid and some birth defects. We examined associations with sociodemographic factors using multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 16.5% (15.9%, 17.0%) of nonpregnant, 80.3% (77.1%, 83.5%) of pregnant, and 58.4% (54.8%, 61.9%) of lactating females aged 15-55 reported using a folic acid-containing supplement. Among those who had given birth in the preceding 5 y, 63.7% (62.2%, 65.1%) consumed a folic acid-containing supplement in the 3 mo before pregnancy, whereas 89.9% (88.8%, 90.9%) did so during the first trimester. A lower prevalence of supplement use before or during pregnancy was reported among the 23.7% (22.4%, 25.1%) of respondents unaware of the relationship between folic acid and birth defects. Younger age, single marital status, lower educational attainment, income below the median, and smoking were associated with lower odds of awareness or supplement use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although most females living in Canada reported using folic acid-containing supplements prior to and during pregnancy, use of these supplements among nonpregnant females of childbearing age is low, and sociodemographic inequalities exist.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of Gut Microbiota-HIF1α Axis Effectively Restores Resistance to Aeromonas veronii Caused by Improper Administration of AiiO-AIO6.","authors":"Hongwei Yang, Rui Xia, Tsegay Teame, Delong Meng, Shenghui Li, Tiantian Wang, Qianwen Ding, Yuanyuan Yao, Xiaoqing Xu, Yalin Yang, Chao Ran, Yaqing Zhang, Shengkang Li, Benjamin Niemann, Le Luo Guan, Zhen Zhang, Zhigang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Feeding adult zebrafish a diet supplemented with quenching enzyme AiiO-AIO6 (AIO6) for 3 wk improved the growth performance and disease resistance. However, when the feeding period was extended to 8 wk, zebrafish's disease resistance to Aeromonas veronii decreased.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the mechanisms of the reduced disease resistance of zebrafish induced by feeding on an AIO6 supplemented diet for a long term (8 wk) and assessed the effectiveness of feed additives in restoring the low disease resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One-month-old (adult) zebrafish were fed with a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with AIO6 (10 U/g) for 8 wk (experiment 1). Furthermore, the zebrafish larvae model (experiment 2) was developed and used to study the mechanisms of how AIO6 affected disease resistance (experiment 3). We also investigated the effectiveness of selected prebiotic tributyrin, β-glucan or mannan in activating gut microbiota- HIF1α to restore the low disease resistance of adult zebrafish fed with AIO6 for 8 wk (experiment 4). Lastly, the effects of Bacillus subtilis in activating the gut microbiota-HIF1α and improving the low disease resistance of zebrafish larvae induced by AIO6 were examined (experiment 5).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Feeding adult zebrafish with AIO6 for 8 wk promoted growth but disordered the gut microbiota and reduced disease resistance. The zebrafish larvae model confirmed that feeding AIO6 for 2 d increased disease resistance, whereas 7 d decreased the resistance by suppressing HIF1α. Using a germ-free zebrafish larvae model, we also demonstrated that AIO6-induced gut microbiota mediated inhibition of HIF1α. Furthermore, zebrafish fed on the AIO6-containing diet supplement with tributyrin, β-glucan, mannan, or Bacillus subtilis activated the gut microbiota-HIF1α axis to reverse the low resistance caused by AIO6.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Activating the gut microbiota-HIF1α axis has a vital role in improving intestinal health and restores the low resistance to Aeromonas veronii caused by improper administration of dietary AIO6 in zebrafish.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}