Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Odd-Chain Fatty Acid-Enriched Fats Improve Growth and Intestinal Morphology and Function in Milk Replacer-Fed Piglets","authors":"Geyan Duan ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Li ,&nbsp;Changbing Zheng ,&nbsp;Mengliao Wan ,&nbsp;Jiayi Yu ,&nbsp;Bo Cao ,&nbsp;Yulong Yin ,&nbsp;Yehui Duan ,&nbsp;Fang Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The intestinal development and nutritional needs of piglets after birth are similar to those of human infants.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effect of different forms of odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs) on the growth and intestinal morphology and function of milk replacer-fed piglets, as a model for human infants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty 7-d-old piglets from 8 sows were randomly assigned into 5 groups (<em>n</em> = 8, each from a different litter) and fed sow milk or milk replacers supplemented with different kinds of fats (control fats, docosahexaenoic acid algal oil-, OCFA algal oil-, and OCFA-enriched fats) for 21 d. One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the milk replacer-fed piglet groups, and unpaired <em>t</em> test was used to compare sow milk- and milk replacer-fed piglets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Milk replacers supplemented with OCFA-enriched fats increased the average daily gain (ADG), ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and protein expression of Ki67, phosphorylated (p)-mTOR, p-S6K1, Occludin, Claudin, and ZO-1 in the selected intestines of piglets and decreased the protein expression of p-ULK1, Parkin, and PINK1 to levels similar to those of the sow milk-fed group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, milk replacers supplemented with OCFA-enriched fats improved the ADG and the intestinal morphology and function of piglets to levels comparable to those of the sow milk-fed piglets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1298-1310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Exposure of Nonobese Adult Male Rats to a Soft-Textured, Readily Absorbable Diet Induces Insulin Resistance and Derangements in Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism","authors":"Fumitake Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Sayaka Akieda-Asai ,&nbsp;Eriko Nakamura ,&nbsp;Hinano Uchida ,&nbsp;Atsushi Yamashita ,&nbsp;Yukari Date","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion. Previously, we found that rats fed soft pellets (SPs) on a 3-h restricted schedule over 14 wk demonstrated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance with disruption of insulin signaling.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to determine <em>1</em>) the time required for an SP diet to induce insulin resistance, and <em>2</em>) whether the metabolic derangements in rats fed SPs can be reversed by changing to a standard control diet.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed glucose tolerance tests and calculated the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) to evaluate the insulinemic response to glucose and assess insulin resistance in nonobese male rats fed control pellets (CPs) or SPs on a 3–h restricted schedule (10:00–13:00) for 4 and 9 wk. At 11 wk, we switched half of the insulin-resistant SP group to CPs [soft-to-control pellets (SCPs)] and after an additional 11 wk evaluated changes in glucose and lipid metabolism across the 3 groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The glucose tolerance test results in the SP and CP rats did not differ at 4 or 9 wk. The insulin levels in the SP group were higher than in the CP group at both time points (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The HOMA-IR was significantly higher in the SP rats at 9 wk compared with the controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). At 22 wk, the HOMA-IR, blood glucose levels at 30 min after initiating feeding, hepatic glucose metabolism, and lipid synthesis in rats fed SPs continuously were significantly greater than in those fed CPs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05); however, these values in the SCP rats did not differ from those in the CP rats.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A continuous diet of soft-textured, readily absorbable food may be an important and reversible underlying driver in T2D pathogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1387-1397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relation Between Carotenoids Measured in the Skin and Eye","authors":"Spencer F Smith ,&nbsp;Lisa M Renzi-Hammond ,&nbsp;Jacob B Harth ,&nbsp;Billy R Hammond Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Carotenoid amounts measured in the skin and retina are increasingly being used as biomarkers of general health, function, and disease. However, whether they are directly interchangeable is not clear. Several previous studies comparing the measures in adults and children have found inconsistent results.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this observational study is to assess the relation between carotenoid amounts measured in the skin and retina.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We assessed the relation between the 2 measurements over an extended period and multiple testing sessions; 21 healthy participants were assessed (mean age, 27.0 y; SD, 9.8 y). Macular carotenoids were measured using a standard method based on customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. Skin carotenoids were measured using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both retinal and skin measures showed high reliability (intraclass correlations &gt; 0.90) and stability over time. The 2 measures, when averaged over 5 testing sessions, were moderately but significantly correlated (<em>r</em> = 0.55; <em>P</em> = 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Skin carotenoid amounts accounted for approximately a third of the variance in retinal carotenoid density. Carotenoids in both skin and retina likely share many factors that both promote and interfere with accumulation. Each, however, also likely has some unique predictive characteristics as a biomarker. Therefore, when using physiologic carotenoids as a biomarker, the outcome of interest should determine whether to measure carotenoids dermally or in the retina.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1324-1330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pecan Intake Improves Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations Compared with Usual Intake in Adults at Increased Risk of Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Tricia L Hart,&nbsp;Penny M Kris-Etherton,&nbsp;Kristina S Petersen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pecan consumption consistently improves lipoproteins, but less research has investigated the effect of pecans on lipoprotein subfractions.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim was to investigate the effect of substitution of usual snack foods with 57 g/d of pecans on lipoprotein particle subfractions and apolipoproteins compared with continuing usual intake after 12 wk. Exploratory analyses evaluated effects on early markers of insulin resistance including the Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index (LP-IR), Diabetes Risk Index, and GlycA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 12-wk, randomized, 2-armed parallel trial in adults at risk of cardiometabolic disease was conducted. Participants were instructed to either consume 57 g/d of pecans in place of usual snacks or to continue their usual intake. Plasma samples collected at baseline and 12 wk were analyzed for lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and GlycA by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Between-group differences in the change from baseline were evaluated with linear regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 138 participants were randomly assigned (<em>n</em> = 69 per group) and 130 participants (pecan group <em>n</em> = 62; usual diet group <em>n</em> = 68) completed the trial. The pecan group had a greater reduction from baseline in the concentrations of apolipoprotein B (apoB) [–4.38 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI): –8.02, –0.73], total low-density lipoprotein particles (–75.3 nmol/L; 95% CI: –144, –6.93), total triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles (TRL-P) (–20.4 nmol/L; 95% CI: –33.8, –7.03), large (–1.47 nmol/L; 95% CI: –2.69, –0.26) and small (–11.3 nmol/L; 95% CI: –22.4, –0.27) TRL-P and the LP-IR (–4.42 points; 95% CI: –8.14, –0.69), and greater increases from baseline in the concentration of large high-density lipoprotein particles (0.35 μmol/L; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.63) compared with the usual diet group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Incorporating 57 g/d of pecans into the diet in place of usual snacks for 12 wk improved apoB, atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions, and the LP-IR in adults at risk of cardiometabolic diseases.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05071807.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 5","pages":"Pages 1459-1465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood Retail Food Environment, Diet Quality and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence in 4 Dutch Cohorts.","authors":"Nicole R den Braver, J Lakerveld, F Rutters, Bwjh Penninx, E Generaal, M Visser, E J Timmermans, Jhpm van der Velde, F R Rosendaal, R de Mutsert, E Winters-van Eekelen, J Brug, Jwj Beulens","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current evidence on the associations between the food environment and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconsistent and did not investigate the behavioral mediating pathway.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate whether accessibility of food retailers in the residential neighborhood is associated with T2D incidence in 4 Dutch prospective cohorts, and whether this is mediated by diet quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective multicohort study, we included 4 Dutch cohort studies (n_total = 10,249). Nearest distances from all participants' home to supermarkets, fast-food outlets, and green grocers were calculated at baseline (2004-2012). Incidence of T2D during follow-up was assessed with cohort-specific measures. T2D incidence ratios (IRs) adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and environmental factors were estimated using Poisson regression in each cohort, and results were pooled across cohorts using a random-effects model. In 2 cohorts (n = 7549), mediation by adherence to the Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015 (DHD15-index; range, 0-13) was investigated using linear and Poisson regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a mean follow-up of 7.5 y, 569 (5.6%) participants developed T2D. Mean(standard deviation [SD]) age in the cohorts ranged from 41.1(12.9) to 67.4(6.8) y. No associations were observed between accessibility of different food retailers and T2D incidence: β_supermarket, 0.02 (-0.01, 0.06); β_fast-food, -0.01(-0.04, 0.03); β_{green grocer}, 0.01(-0.05, 0.07). Mediation analyses indicated that every 100 m living further from a supermarket or green grocer was associated with lower adherence to DHD15: β_supermarket = -0.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.3, 0.0) and β_{green grocer} = -0.1 (95% CI: -0.1, 0.0), whereas living further away from fast-food associated with higher adherence (β_fast-food = 0.1 [95% CI: 0.0, 0.2]). Higher adherence to DHD15 was associated with lower T2D incidence (IR = 0.93 [95% CI: 0.88, 0.99]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Spatial accessibility of food retailers was not associated with risk of T2D. Nevertheless, consistent associations in hypothesized pathways were observed, such that spatial accessibility to healthier food retailers was associated with higher diet quality and spatial accessibility of unhealthier retailers with lower diet quality. Higher diet quality, in turn, was associated with lower T2D risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of Choline Intake with Biomarkers of Liver Health by Genotype-A Cross-Sectional Analysis.","authors":"Taylor C Wallace, Alexandra E Cowan-Pyle, Kevin C Klatt, Regan L Bailey","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Controlled feeding studies demonstrate that genetic variation in the folate-mediated one-carbon and choline metabolism pathway influence risk of organ dysfunction from consuming choline-deficient (<50 mg/d) diets. Whether genotype influences the relationship between choline intake and biomarkers of liver function in the general population remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to conduct an exploratory cross-sectional analysis to examine the relationship between dietary choline intake with circulating biomarkers of liver function that are commonly impaired by inadequate choline, stratified by genotype across common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in one-carbon and choline metabolism-related enzymes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>United States adults (≥20 y) in the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who were nonpregnant, nonlactating, had reliable 24-h dietary recall(s), and blood collected for DNA purification (that is, complete genetic data) were included (n = 1438). Mean dietary choline intake was estimated using the USDA's Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies and the Choline Content of Common Foods Database. Associations between choline intake and available biomarkers of liver function, adjusted for age (y), BMI, fasting plasma glucose, and total protein and energy intake, were investigated for each SNP, using multiple linear regression. Statistical significance was set at a Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.0167 to account for multiplicity across tertiles of choline intake, based on the number of examined genotypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lowest tertile of choline intake was not associated with elevated markers of liver dysfunction relative to higher intakes in the entire population or in analyses stratified by common SNPs in one-carbon and choline metabolism pathway enzymes. Higher choline intake was associated with an increase in circulating triglycerides among individuals with the MTR GG (rs1805087) minor genotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this exploratory NHANES analysis, self-reported choline intakes were not associated with worsening circulating liver function biomarkers in the study population as a whole or when stratified by genotype. Our findings did not recapitulate observed relationships in controlled feeding trials, potentially due to higher habitual choline intakes or limitations of using national surveillance samples to assess diet-x-gene interactions. Further exploration of this research question in prospective cohorts or controlled trials with a broader array of nutritional status markers is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Gastrointestinal Microbiota‒Host Co-oscillation Patterns for Improving Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Ruminants: A Review.","authors":"Jinzhen Jiao, Yechan Zhao, Zhiliang Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in ruminant livestock is vital for feeding a growing global population and lowering environmental pollution. The rumen and intestine harbor distinct epithelial structures and biogeographically stratified microbiota, and their co-oscillation assemblage patterns fulfill the pivotal role of metabolizing dietary nitrogen into bioavailable nutrients in ruminants. There is cursory evidence to suggest that an increased understanding of the spatial gastrointestinal microbiota‒host interactions will aid in the development of nutritional strategies to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency. In this review, we first explore the current knowledge on the processes of protein degradation, microbial protein synthesis, and urea nitrogen salvage in ruminal microorganisms and the epithelium. Second, we summarize the mechanisms of microbiota‒host interplay with regard to the amino acid utilization process in the intestine. Finally, we discuss the most pertinent and promising manipulation strategies that have emerged to balance food security and environmental impacts. In this review, we highlight the significance of leveraging gastrointestinal microbiota‒host co-oscillation patterns to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency, and put forward perspectives for future research opportunities that precisely target this coordinated interplay in the nitrogen metabolic network.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Insights into Dietary Bioactive Compounds and Major Depressive Disorders: Evidence from Animal Studies and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Chwan-Li Shen, Taha Hassan, Peyton Presto, Daniel Payberah, Rodan Devega, Sarah Wakefield, Dale M Dunn, Volker Neugebauer","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical depression, including major depressive disorder (MDD), is a chronic mental illness characterized by persistent sadness and indifference. Depression is associated with neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis in the brain, resulting in microglial overactivation, decreased neuronal and glial proliferation, monoamine depletion, structural abnormalities, and aberrant biochemical activity via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Recent studies have exhibited the role of dietary bioactive compounds in the mitigation of MDD progression. Here, in this narrative review, we reported the effects of commonly consumed bioactive compounds (curcumin, saffron, garlic, resveratrol, omega-3 fatty acids, ginger, blueberry, tea, and creatine) on MDD and MDD-related neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The evidence reviewed here is almost exclusively from animal studies and strongly suggests that these commonly consumed bioactive compounds have anti-MDD effects as shown in antidepression-like behaviors, such as increased immobility, sucrose preference, and social interaction. On the basis of the literature/studies reviewed, the proposed molecular mechanisms include 1) the reduction of neuroinflammation activation and oxidative stress, 2) the enhancement of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, 3) the reduction of monoamine oxidase-A production, and 4) the elevation of brain-derived neurotropic factor and neurogenesis. In the future, dietary bioactive compounds on clinical randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm the findings of preclinical efficacies using bioactive compounds in individuals with MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevotella-Produced Succinate Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Enhancing Mitochondrial Function in Layer-Type Chickens.","authors":"Min Liu, Ning Ma, Sheng Li, Zeyue Kang, Minghui Wang, Dan Wang, Jingpeng Zhao, Hongchao Jiao, Yunlei Zhou, Xiaojuan Wang, Haifang Li, Hai Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A higher abundance of Prevotella species in the gut microbiota is associated with the consumption of high-fiber diets and can be reproduced by dietary supplementation with L-arabinose. The effect of Prevotella and its metabolite succinate on hepatic lipid metabolism remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate the effects of Prevotella and its metabolite succinate on hepatic steatosis in layer-type pullets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In experiment 1, 4-wk-old female layer-type chickens (Isa Brown) were randomly divided into 4 dietary groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0%, 2%, 4%, or 6% L-arabinose for 11 wk. In experiments 2 and 3, 10-wk-old chickens were orally administered Prevotella (10⁶ CFU) or fed a diet supplemented with 0.2% sodium succinate for 4 wk. The growth performance, plasma lipid metabolites, hepatic lipid accumulation and gene expression, and cecal microbiota were determined. In in vitro experiment, chicken embryo hepatocytes were treated with Prevotella's metabolites or 0.1 mM succinate in the absence or presence of 4c, a succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) inhibitor, or shRNA-PGC1β. Lipid deposition and mitochondrial function were measured. Data were analyzed with a 1-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>L-arabinose decreased (-68%) hepatic and plasma TG (-52%) and enhanced the abundance of cecal Prevotella (+45-fold) (P < 0.001). Oral administration of Prevotella melaninogenica reduced plasma TG (-22%, P < 0.05) and increased succinate (+66%, P < 0.01). Succinate feeding reduced hepatic (-51%, P < 0.001) and plasma TG (-40%, P < 0.05). Both Prevotella and succinate administration reduced fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity with the induction of mitochondrial function-associated proteins. In vitro experiments showed that Prevotella and succinate alter mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism via SUCNR1, wherein PGC1β plays a critical role.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Succinate produced by Prevotella is a likely metabolite that reduces hepatic lipid deposition by suppressing FAS activity and activating mitochondrial function.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Based Diet and Erectile Dysfunction: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Mariana Del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence shows that the consumption of plant foods, particularly those in their whole form (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes from which no edible part has been removed), improves cardiometabolic risk factors and is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, cancer, chronic kidney disease and mortality compared with animal (meat, fish, eggs and dairy) and nonwhole plant foods (sugar-sweetened beverages, refined grains, etc.). Erectile dysfunction (ED) is considered a strong predictor of CVD. The underlying defect in arteriogenic ED is endothelial dysfunction. A plant-based diet focused on whole plant foods could enhance penile erection as it improves endothelial function through various mechanisms. First, it provides nitrates, L-arginine, and L-citrulline, substrates for nitric oxide production. In addition, this diet lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, trimethylamine N-oxide, postprandial triglycerides, advanced glycation end product, inflammation, and vasoconstrictors levels, contributing to higher nitric oxide concentrations, increased endothelial progenitor cells preservation and decreased arterial stiffness. This review explores the epidemiological evidence of a plant-based diet emphasizing whole plant foods on ED and the potential biological pathways involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}