Exploring the Vital Role of Microbiota Metabolites in Early-Life Health.

Abstract

Early-life gut microbiota metabolites profoundly influence gut homeostasis, neurodevelopment, metabolic regulation, and immune system maturation. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive summaries and discussions regarding gut microbiota metabolites during early-life stages. This review systematically analyzes microbiota metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, tryptophan metabolites, and branched-chain fatty acids, and delves into their production mechanisms and temporal dynamics. Additionally, the review highlights how maternal factors, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and environmental influences shape the composition and metabolic functions of the early-life gut microbiota, emphasizing that early life is a crucial window for lifelong health interventions. By integrating the latest research findings and identifying knowledge gaps, this review emphasizes the molecular mechanisms of gut microbiota metabolites and their role in addressing common early-life diseases, including their potential as early biomarkers for screening, prevention, improvement, and even treatment of early diseases, as well as predicting their potential related diseases. On the basis of these insights, this review lays the foundation for future research and practical applications, aiming to promote optimal health from infancy to childhood.