Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society最新文献

{"title":"Extended Reality in Neurosurgery : Surgical Planning, Navigation, Education, and Patient Communication.","authors":"Tae Hoon Roh, Seonah Choi, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Seok-Gu Kang, Jong Hee Chang","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2026.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2026.0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extended reality (XR), encompassing virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), has emerged as a transformative technology in neurosurgery. This narrative review examines the current applications of XR technologies across four major domains: surgical planning and visualization, intraoperative navigation, medical education and training, and patient/caregiver communication. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-based lesion segmentation with XR platforms has enabled precise three-dimensional visualization of complex intracranial pathologies. Modern AR navigation systems, utilizing both optical see-through (OST) and video see-through (VST) head-mounted displays, have demonstrated submillimeter accuracy in recent clinical studies. Educational applications of XR have shown significant improvements in anatomical understanding and surgical skill acquisition among neurosurgery trainees. Furthermore, XR-enhanced patient communication tools have improved comprehension of complex neurosurgical procedures and informed consent quality. Despite current limitations including hardware constraints, workflow integration challenges, and the need for larger validation studies, XR technologies hold substantial promise for advancing pediatric neurosurgical care. This review provides a critical analysis of current evidence, discusses the advantages and limitations of different XR modalities, and offers perspectives on future developments in this rapidly evolving field.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147638926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Prediction of Prevertebral Soft Tissue Swelling after Single-Level Anterior Cervical Surgery : A Proof-of-Concept Study.","authors":"Joon Hyun Hwang, Sang Mook Kang, Byeong Jin Ha, Yu Deok Won, Myung-Hoon Han, Jin Hwan Cheong, Shin-Woong Ko, Je Il Ryu","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2025.0252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2025.0252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prevertebral soft tissue swelling (PSTS) is a significant complication of anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS) that causes dysphagia, dysphonia, and possibly life-threatening airway obstruction. This study aims to develop and internally validate an interpretable machine learning model to predict significant PSTS after single-level ACSS using a small, single-center dataset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed data from 62 patients who underwent single-level ACSS in our center, from January 2014 to December 2022. Postoperative swelling over 7.0 mm (above 75th percentile) was defined as significant PSTS. We developed an elastic net regularized logistic regression model over 1000 iterations with nested 5-fold cross validation for hyperparameter tuning and bootstrap validation. The model's interpretability was assessed using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach, and its clinical utility by decision curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 (25.8%) out of 62 patients developed significant PSTS. Our model achieved a bootstrap-validated area under the ROC curve value of 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.92) with good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow p=0.42). According to our results, important predictors of PSTS included 1) low preoperative serum albumin (SHAP importance, 0.42), 2) upper level surgery above C5 (0.38), and 3) male sex (0.31). Decision curve analysis demonstrated net benefit across probability thresholds of 15-45%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our machine learning model effectively predicted risk of significant PSTS following single-level ACSS despite small sample size. Such findings offer new opportunities for risk stratification and prevention strategies. This study is a proof of concept for artificial intelligence (AI)-based risk stratification strategy; further external validation could improve its relevance in the clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurosurgical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology.","authors":"Joo Whan Kim","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2026.0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2026.0085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric neuro-oncology is a critical field of neurosurgery, representing the leading cause of disease-related mortality in children. Despite its rarity, it encompasses over 100 diverse disease entities, which significantly complicates preoperative differential diagnosis and surgical planning. This review examines how artificial intelligence (AI) can address these unmet clinical challenges throughout the perioperative period. Preoperatively, AI-driven radiogenomic models extract pixel-level features to enable non-invasive molecular subtyping, such as predicting BRAF alteration status in pediatric low-grade gliomas. Such insights are vital for determining the extent of resection (EOR) with consideration of availability of targeted therapies. Furthermore, AI facilitates automated tumor segmentation, allowing for meticulous surgical planning and more accurate assessment of surgical risks. Intraoperatively, AI significantly accelerates diagnostic turnaround times, which is essential for real-time decision-making. Emerging technologies, including Oxford Nanopore sequencing with neural network classifiers or stimulated Raman histology, allow for the rapid identification of tumor characteristics in operation time window. These tools directly inform the optimal EOR, particularly in cases like medulloblastoma where molecular subgroups dictate surgical aggressiveness. Additionally, AI integration into intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring enhances the preservation of critical neurological functions. Postoperatively, multimodal deep learning models integrate clinical, imaging, and genomic data to improve prognostic accuracy and standardize response assessment via AI integration. While challenges such as data scarcity and the \"black box\" nature of algorithms persist, innovative strategies offer potential solutions to AI application. AI serves as a transformative tool for personalized precision management, potentially bridging diagnostic disparities and optimizing clinical outcomes for children with central nervous system tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Intracranial Meningioma : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ahood Mahjari, Abdullah Alyazidi, Khaled El-Sayed, Abdullah Alqarni, Afrah A Alharthi, Amjad Alshahrani, Nouf Al-Salaman, Amjad Majrashi, Fatimah Alqahtani, Shooq Al-Shahrani, Muhannad Al-Obaiyah, Renad Al-Obaiyah, Ziyad Aldossari, Abdulsalam Alfaifi, Mona Alfaifi","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2026.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2026.0061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors, but the role of traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a risk factor remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the available observational evidence on the association between TBI and subsequent meningioma risk. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched through December 5, 2025. Studies comparing meningioma incidence in individuals with and without a history of TBI were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects models. Heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses were performed. In results, ten observational studies (seven case-control and three cohort studies) were included in the systematic review, with eight contributing to the quantitative synthesis. The pooled analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between TBI and meningioma (OR = 1.96; 95% CI [1.31 to 2.95]; p = 0.0012) with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 65.6%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings, although funnel plot asymmetry suggested potential publication bias. We concluded that although a statistical association between prior TBI and meningioma diagnosis was observed, the current evidence does not support a clear causal relationship. The pooled effect appears to be driven mainly by retrospective case-control studies, which are particularly vulnerable to recall and detection bias, whereas cohort studies provide less consistent support for a direct etiological link. Further large-scale prospective studies with long-term follow-up are needed to clarify this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Language Models in Spine Surgery : A Narrative Review of Performance Paradox and Clinical Integration Challenges.","authors":"Sung Bum Kim, Il-Tae Jang, YooKyung Lee, Yoon Gyo Jung, Sangsoo Choi, Jun-Yong Cha","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2026.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2026.0057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To provide a narrative synthesis of the performance paradox in large language model (LLM) applications for spine surgery, examining the disparity between technical metrics and clinical utility. A narrative review was conducted examining literature from January 2023 to February 2026 across PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Studies evaluating LLM applications in spine surgery were included, with emphasis on newer models (GPT-4o, GPT-5, Claude, Gemini variants, DeepSeek). Studies were thematically analyzed across clinical documentation, patient communication, and surgical decision-making domains. Analysis of 42 studies revealed a consistent pattern across applications. LLMs performed strongly in structured documentation tasks, including CPT coding (AUROC 0.87) and surgical classification (91% accuracy), and improved readability in patient-facing materials. Patient communication achieved high satisfaction rates but demonstrated limited emotional intelligence. In contrast, decision-making performance was more variable: in small vignette-based comparisons, LLMs showed lower raw accuracy than attending spine surgeons in complex scenarios, and guideline concordance ranged from 33% to 88% across models. Emerging evidence with next-generation models suggests incremental gains, but procedure-level agreement remains limited (κ=0.415 and 0.587 in minimally invasive spine surgery triage). Image-based tasks, such as Cobb angle measurement, remain particularly challenging, with all tested models failing to meet the ≤10° clinical threshold. LLMs show near-term utility in standardized text-based tasks, but current evidence does not support autonomous use in complex clinical decision-making or image-based spinal assessment. Staged implementation with mandatory human oversight remains necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Recurrent Chronic Subdural Hematoma.","authors":"Bae Jae Kim, Gyojun Hwang, Hyun-Gon Kim, Jae Seong Kang, Jong-Hyeok Park, Sung Han Oh, Mi-Kyung Kim, Bong Sub Chung","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2025.0259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2025.0259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Repeating surgical treatment remains the main option for recurrent chronic subdural hematoma, but a second recurrence frequently occurs. We employed middle meningeal artery embolization as an alternative treatment for recurrent hematoma. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and safety of middle meningeal artery embolization compared with conventional retreatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 1,162 patients who underwent management for chronic subdural hematoma between May 1998 and March 2025 and included 142 patients with recurrent hematoma (middle meningeal artery embolization in 46 and conventional retreatment in 96) in this study. The primary outcome was second recurrence, defined as a composite of imaging (recurrent or residual hematoma >10 mm in thickness) and clinical (development or aggravation of symptoms, or second re-operation) events. Secondary outcomes included complications (any adverse events or death) and neurological recovery (return of the modified Rankin scale score to the level before initial hematoma development). Outcomes during treatment and 6-month follow-up were compared between the two study groups using logistic regression analysis, adjusted for variables showing baseline group differences with a p-value <0.2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The second recurrence rate was significantly lower in patients receiving middle meningeal artery embolization than in those receiving conventional retreatment (1/46 [2.2%] vs 32/96 [33.3%], adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.056, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.003 - 0.164; p=0.001). Complication rates did not differ significantly (1/46 [2.2%] vs 10/96 [10.4%], adjusted OR 0.203, 95% CI 0.019 - 1.221; p=0.103), but neurological recovery was more frequent in patients receiving middle meningeal artery embolization (32/46 [69.6%] vs 46/96 [47.9%], adjusted OR 3.147, 95% CI 1.198 - 8.268; p=0.020).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Middle meningeal artery embolization for recurrent chronic subdural hematoma prevented second recurrence and improved neurological recovery compared with conventional retreatment, without increasing the complication rate. These findings suggest that middle meningeal artery embolization could be considered an effective and safe retreatment option for recurrent chronic subdural hematoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Knee Osteoarthritis on Compensatory Mechanisms Post-Spinal Deformity Correction.","authors":"Yoon Ha Hwang, Dongkyu Kim, Hyun-Jun Jang, Bong Ju Moon, Jeong-Yoon Park, Kyung-Hyun Kim","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2025.0225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2025.0225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated the relationship among regional alignments, the chronological sequence of compensatory mechanism changes, restoration of sagittal malalignment, and the effect of knee osteoarthritis on resolution of compensatory mechanisms and clinical outcomes in deformity correction surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed medical records and images of 75 patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) undergoing thoracolumbar fusion, with a minimum of 2 years of postoperative follow-up. Data collection focused on changes in various spinal and lower extremity alignments, including global angle, pelvic shift, knee angles (KA), and ankle angles (AA). We conducted propensity-matched comparisons to elucidate the impact of (OA) on resolution of compensatory mechanisms between the knee osteoarthritis (KOA) group and the non-knee osteoarthritis (NKOA) group based on the Kellgren-Lawrence Grading (KLG). Additionally, the study assessed patient-reported outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant linear correlation was observed between the change in T1 pelvic angle (Δ TPA) and the changes in various spinal and lower extremity parameters during follow-ups. Statistically significant correlation coefficients for thoracic kyphosis, sacro-femoral angle (SFA), and AA, initially not observed, were observed during the final follow-up. The KOA group exhibited limited restorative changes in compensatory spinal and lower extremities (KA: 1.1 ± 5.5 vs 7.1 ± 9.3, p=0.015). Clinical outcomes showed improvement in both groups, with the NKOA group demonstrating more significant progress in SF-36 (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Restoring sagittal alignment leads to the disappearance of compensatory mechanisms in a temporal pattern, with lower extremity improvements continuing for years. Severe knee OA over KLG 3 impedes this restoration and results in poorer clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Neurocritical Care : Multimodal Biosignal Analysis for Prognosis, Monitoring, and Future Pediatric Applications.","authors":"Taehoon Kim, Ji Hoon Phi","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2026.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2026.0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurocritical care relies on continuous assessment of neurological function and physiology under time pressure, yet bedside teams must interpret high-frequency, multimodal data that include hemodynamic waveforms, intracranial pressure (ICP), electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), neuroimaging, and electronic health record (EHR) context. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly used to fuse these biosignals, reduce interobserver variability, and generate dynamic risk estimates that can support monitoring, early warning, and prognostication. In pediatric and neonatal populations, where developmental physiology and smaller case volumes amplify uncertainty, AI-enabled tools have shown particularly strong performance in selected domains. Examples include prediction of impending intracranial hypertension using features from arterial blood pressure and ICP waveforms, automated EEG trend analysis for neurodevelopmental outcome prediction after perinatal asphyxia, MRI-based neuroprognostication in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and interoperable EHR-based models for mortality and new morbidity risk stratification in the intensive care unit. However, many studies remain retrospective, and generalizability across institutions can be limited by differences in data capture, clinical practice, and outcome definitions. This review summarizes clinically relevant applications of multimodal biosignal analysis in neurocritical care, highlights validation and implementation considerations, and proposes priorities for future pediatric translation, including multisite evaluation, calibration, explainability, and prospective impact studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Citicoline Loaded PHBA Tubular Grafts on Axonal Regeneration in Sciatic Nerve Injury : An Experimental Approach as an Autograft Alternative.","authors":"Hıdır Özer, Ali Yılmaz, Mürüvvet Akçay Çelik, Yeliz Kaşko Arıcı, Vugar Nabi, Ebru Erdal, Songül Özay, Murat Demirbilek, Mehdi Hekimoğlu","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2025.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2025.0202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the effects of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/alginate (PHBA/ALG) tubular graft containing cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (citicoline) on axonal regeneration in an experimental rat sciatic nerve injury model and to compare the results of this method with autologous nerve grafting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 24 Wistar-Hannover albino rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=8). In all animals, a 10 mm segment was removed from the right sciatic nerve under microscope. The nerve defect was repaired using autologous nerve graft (group O), PHBA graft only (group T), and PHBA graft containing citicoline (group S). Sixteen weeks later, all animals were euthanized and sciatic nerve samples were taken for histopathological examination. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson Trichrome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The groups were compared statistically in terms of regenerated axon diameter, number of blood vessels, nerve sheath degeneration, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and necrosis. Histopathological evaluation showed that regenerative axons were formed in all three groups. PHBA and citicoline-containing PHBA grafts successfully bridged the damaged area. While the best results were obtained in the autograft group, the results of the PHBA group containing citicoline were statistically significantly better than the PHBA group. In general, the distribution of histopathological parameters showed that citicoline administration showed protective effects on parameters such as inflammation and cell death. Axon diameter : group S had significantly larger axon diameters than group T (p<0.05). Number of blood vessels : the highest values were in the autograft group and the difference between groups O and T was significant (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PHBA-based tubular graft with oriented nanofiber structure containing citicoline supports peripheral nerve regeneration. Although our results are not better than autograft, it may be a promising alternative for cases where autologous graft is not available.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robot-Assisted Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease : Accuracy, Workflow, Clinical Outcomes, and Safety.","authors":"Kyung Won Chang, Jung-Il Lee","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2025.0226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2025.0226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Robot-assisted deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a major advancement in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, enhancing precision, reproducibility, and efficiency in targeting deep brain structures for Parkinson's disease (PD). This comprehensive review synthesizes the current state of robotic DBS platforms, comparing their technical mechanisms, targeting accuracy, clinical outcomes, workflow efficiency, and safety profiles. Across diverse robotic systems, reported robotic targeting errors are typically around 1 mm, with values ranging from submillimeter to approximately 1.5 mm. Clinical outcomes, including 40-60 % improvements in UPDRS-III scores and significant reductions in dopaminergic medication, parallel those achieved with traditional approaches, while complication rates remain within the expected range. Robotic systems further enhance procedural efficiency through automated trajectory alignment, image-guided verification, and reduced intraoperative variability, with a clear learning-curve effect observed across centers. This review summarizes published evidence, highlights the unique strengths of robot assisted DBS, and discusses the evolving role of robotic DBS in modern neurosurgical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147433495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}