Journal of Intellectual Disability Research最新文献

{"title":"Modified Cued Recall Test: Longitudinal Analysis of Test Versions and Item Recall in Adults With Down Syndrome.","authors":"Emily K Schworer, Benjamin L Handen, Sharon Krinsky-McHale, Christy L Hom, Isabel C H Clare, Jordan P Harp, Margaret B Pulsifer, Mark Mapstone, Elizabeth Head, Bradley T Christian, Sigan L Hartley","doi":"10.1111/jir.13237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.13237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adults with Down syndrome (DS) have an elevated risk and early age of onset for Alzheimer's disease (AD). To support upcoming clinical AD trials, there is a critical need to establish cognitive outcome measures that can be used to capture intervention effects. One measure that has successfully been used to detect AD-related cognitive decline in the DS population is a measure of episodic memory, the modified Cued Recall Test (mCRT). Demonstrated utility of the mCRT warrants further investigation into comparisons between the A and B versions, free versus cued recall and changes in performance over time to better understand sensitivity for tracking memory decline over time based on age and AD clinical status.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 272 adults with DS aged 25-81 (mean age = 43.12 years, SD = 9.79). Study procedures were completed at three cycles of data collection: baseline, 16-month follow-up and 32-month follow-up. Participants were enrolled in the Alzheimer Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome longitudinal study and completed the mCRT as part of a multiday evaluation. Comparisons were made between the A and B versions of the mCRT in recall and intrusion scores. Participants' ratio of free relative to cued recall was also examined at baseline and longitudinally. Participant performance was compared by age group, clinical AD status (cognitively stable [CS], mild cognitive impairment [MCI] or AD dementia) and premorbid level of intellectual disability (ID).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Version differences were identified, with the most salient differences in the moderate and severe/profound ID groups. The mCRT free recall declined with age in CS participants. Free and cued recall scores were lower in those with MCI and AD dementia, with the exception of the mild ID MCI group, whose cued recall scores were not significantly different from the CS group. Decline across 32 months (mCRT total score decline of 1.29 points/year) was observed for CS participants beginning at ≥ 50 years old, with more pronounced declines in adults with DS with an MCI or AD dementia diagnosis (3.36 and 4.20 points/year, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Characterising test version differences and participant free versus cued recall performance on the mCRT is important for understanding performance under testing conditions and to maximise the sensitivity of clinical interventions to capture meaningful effects. Our findings suggest that clinical AD trials for DS should be cautious about using both versions of the mCRT. Examining the profile of free relative to cued recall may enhance sensitivity for detecting treatment benefits for adults with DS across the range of premorbid ID levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief Report: Evaluating the Impact of Behavioural Concerns in Individuals With Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities.","authors":"Mindy Scheithauer, Fabiola Vargas Londono, Brittany Naugle, Angelia Walker, Jennifer M Hodnett, Joanna Lomas Mevers, Colin Muething, Nathan Call","doi":"10.1111/jir.13240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.13240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Behavioural concerns, such as aggression and self-injury, are common among youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Additional research is needed to further explore the specific ways in which these types of behaviour impact individuals and their families.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Caregivers seeking treatment for their child's behavioural concerns completed an interview regarding the negative impact of their child's behaviour related to (a) physical harm to self or others, (b) property damage, (c) structural modifications, (d) situational avoidance and (e) reactive measures. We reviewed outcomes of these interviews to report on the prevalence of various negative impacts in this clinical sample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most caregivers reported at least some physical harm (72.99%), property damage (63.99%) and preventative measures such as avoiding removing preferred items or activities (72.35%). Some caregivers endorsed severe negative impacts, such as the need for emergency services (10.61%) or residential placements (5.14%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Caregivers in this clinical sample consistently endorsed negative impacts resulting from behavioural concerns. This information is crucial in advocating for additional services for this high-need population, and the interview used to gather this information may be a helpful tool to guide future research and clinical work.</p>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children With Down Syndrome With Normal Weight: A Comparative Study Against a Non-Down Syndrome Cohort.","authors":"Kenia Esparza Ocampo, Wendy Gastélum Espinoza, Carla Angulo Rojo, Alma Guadrón Llanos, Silvia Aguirre Villalobos, Josué Camberos Barraza, Alberto Kousuke De la Herran-Arita, Javier Magaña Gomez","doi":"10.1111/jir.13241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.13241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Down syndrome (DS) stands as the most frequent chromosomal abnormality leading to intellectual disability. A prevalence rate of 6.1-13.1 per 10 000 births has been estimated. Although life expectancy has been increasing from 25 years in 1983 to 60 years in 2020 in this population, their quality may be impaired by the development of diseases. However, it has also opened the possibility of carrying out a significant number of cardiovascular risk studies in DS. This includes comparisons of biochemical cardiometabolic risk factors, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), between normal-weight children with DS and age- and gender-matched children without DS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, with parental consent, 25 children with DS and 30 age-matched controls (8-12 years old) participated. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from anthropometric assessments, while glucose and lipid profiles were measured from the obtained blood samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the World Health Organization BMI criteria, all individuals from both groups had normal weight. The DS group exhibited higher TC (179.4 ± 50.4 mg/dL vs. 120.7 ± 31.6 mg/dL, p < 0.000), TG (125.2 ± 42.5 mg/dL vs. 86.5 ± 54.1 mg/dL, p < 0.005) and LDL-C (108.1 ± 40.8 mg/dL vs. 120.8 ± 53.5 mg/dL, p = 0.373), while HDL-C was lower (46.3 ± 12.3 mg/dL vs. 54.7 ± 11.8 mg/dL, p = 0.008) compared with the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study suggests that children with DS have a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors compared with the general population, regardless of weight, highlighting the importance of studying dyslipidaemias in the DS population independently of body weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children With Fragile X Syndrome Display a Switch Towards Fast Fibres in Their Recruitment Strategy During Gait.","authors":"Fabiola Spolaor, Federica Beghetti, Weronika Piatkowska, Annamaria Guiotto, Roberta Polli, Elisa Bettella, Valentina Liani, Elisa di Giorgio, Zimi Sawacha","doi":"10.1111/jir.13238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.13238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder caused by the lack of FMRP, a crucial protein for brain development and function. FMR1 mutations are categorized into premutation and full mutation (FXSFull), with somatic mosaicism (FXSMos) modulating the FXS phenotype. Recent studies identified muscle activity alterations during gait in FXS children. This study aims to explore the relationship between these muscle activity changes and motor fibre recruitment strategies during gait in FXS children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-four FXS children and fourteen healthy controls participated in the study. Gait trials at self-selected speeds were recorded using four synchronized cameras and a surface electromyography system that captured bilateral activity of Gastrocnemius lateralis, Tibialis anterior, Rectus and Biceps femoris muscles. The continuous wavelet transform, using the 'bump' mother wavelet, provided the percentage distribution of signal energy across nine frequency bands (50-Hz increments within a 450- to 10-Hz spectrum) and the Instantaneous MeaN Frequency (IMNF) time-frequency distribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that both FXSFull and FXSMos children exhibit a distinct fibre recruitment strategy compared to controls, with a higher percentage of total energy and elevated IMNF (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This increased reliance on fast-twitch fibres may contribute to the observed fatigability and exercise intolerance in FXS children.</p>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of an Executive Function Intervention for Young Children With Down Syndrome.","authors":"Miranda E Pinks, Madison M Walsh, Sara Colaianni, Sara Onnivello, Chiara Marcolin, Sarah Looney, Elisa Rossi, Francesca Pulina, Mark A Prince, Nathaniel R Riggs, Susan Hepburn, Lisa A Daunhauer, Van Deusen Kaylyn, Silvia Lanfranchi, Deborah J Fidler","doi":"10.1111/jir.13234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.13234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have an elevated likelihood of challenges with executive function (EF) throughout the lifespan, and syndrome-informed intervention approaches that strengthen these foundations during early childhood may be beneficial. This single group baseline versus postintervention pilot study presents findings from the implementation of a syndrome-informed, parent-mediated intervention designed to support the development of EF in preschool-aged children with DS (EXPO: Executive Function Play Opportunities).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 34 children aged 3-7 years old with DS and their caregivers. The full sample participated in a novel 12-week parent-mediated intervention focused on building working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and planning skills. Participants were evaluated at baseline and poststudy for feasibility outcomes and preliminary evidence of intervention efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Activities were feasible for families to implement and appropriate for the developmental range of participants in the study. Preliminary evidence of efficacy was observed via laboratory-based EF outcome measures. Within-sample heterogeneity in response to intervention was also observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EXPO is feasible for a larger trial in its current form. Additional intervention modifications may further increase the potential impact of EXPO by addressing heterogeneity in presentations among young children with DS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive and Adaptive Functioning of CTNNB1 Syndrome Patients: A Comparison With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Cerebral Palsy.","authors":"Mercè Pallarès-Sastre, Imanol Amayra, Rafael Pulido, Caroline E Nunes-Xavier, Sonia Bañuelos, Fabio Cavaliere, Maitane García","doi":"10.1111/jir.13235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.13235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The CTNNB1 syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder considered an ultra-rare disease, first discovered in 2012. Given its comorbidity of symptoms with more prevalent diseases, such as ASD or CP, many CTNNB1 syndrome patients had previously received those diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to establish differences on the cognitive and adaptive functioning of the CTNNB1 syndrome compared with ASD and CP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 55 paediatric patients-25 CTNNB1 syndrome, 17 ASD and 13 PC-were assessed with an extensive protocol for neuropsychological domains through in-person assessments and online meetings for the parent-reported questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No cognitive differences were found among verbal tasks between groups, even though CTNNB1 syndrome patients obtained significantly lower scores in visuospatial and logical tasks. Regarding adaptive functioning, ASD patients outperformed the CTNNB1 syndrome group in most domains, whereas CP patients did not differ as much, obtaining only lower scores in gross motor ability. Externalizing problems were more prevalent in the CTNNB1 syndrome group compared with the control groups. Also, correlations indicated improvement of cognitive and adaptive functioning over the years for the CTNNB1 syndrome patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to compare the cognitive and adaptive functioning of CTNNB1 syndrome patients with control diseases and detect significant difference. Although intellectual disability is one of the main manifestations of the CTNNB1 syndrome, patients performed better on verbal cognitive tasks than in visuospatial and logical thinking exercises, while adaptive functioning performances did not differ from control groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of SPECTROM Training on Support Staff Knowledge of Psychotropic Medicine and Attitude Towards Behaviours That Challenge in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities to Help Implement the STOMP Initiative.","authors":"B Limbu, S Deb, J Bradshaw, V Cooper","doi":"10.1111/jir.13236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.13236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overmedication of adults with intellectual (learning) disabilities, particularly the off-licence use of psychotropic medicines for behaviours that challenge in the absence of a psychiatric disorder, is a major public health concern and an example of health inequalities. In the United Kingdom, we coproduced online training resources backed up by face-to-face training for support staff (direct care workers) called SPECTROM involving all stakeholders, including adults with intellectual disabilities and their families, to help reduce the overmedication and implement NHS England's STOMP initiative.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial, we trained service managers and support staff using two core modules of SPECTROM, namely, (a) Medicine/STOMP and (b) Alternatives to Medicine (ATM) using an online platform. These two core modules introduced 12 other modules and other online resources. We assessed trainees' knowledge of psychotropic medicines using the Psychotropic Knowledge Questionnaire-Revised (PKQ-R) and their attitude to behaviours that challenge using the Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale-Revised-Intellectual Disabilities (MAVAS-R-ID) using a pre-post training design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research team delivered SPECTROM training to 18 service managers and 122 support staff. Of the 140 trainees, 126 completed PKQ-R at baseline before and within 4 weeks after the training. There was a post-training improvement in PKQ-R scores in 42 of the 43 questions (97.7%), 22 of which were statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). The MAVAS-R-ID was completed at baseline and within 4 weeks of training by 125 trainees. The MAVAS-R-ID total score showed statistically significant post-training improvements (p < 0.01). Individual domain score analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in one of the five domains related to attitude regarding the use of medicine for behaviours that challenge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SPECTROM training seems to improve staff knowledge of psychotropic medicine, at least in the short-term, and attitude towards behaviours that challenge, particularly concerning the use of psychotropic medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Obesity on Hypoxemia During Deep Dental Sedation for Paediatric and Adult Patients With Intellectual Disabilities: CT90 as an Outcome","authors":"Aki Kawauchi,&nbsp;Shigeru Maeda,&nbsp;Yasushi Nagao,&nbsp;Hidenori Kubo,&nbsp;Miki Yokoyama,&nbsp;Yasunori Sato,&nbsp;Shiroh Isono","doi":"10.1111/jir.13232","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jir.13232","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using cumulative time spent with SpO₂ &lt; 90% (CT90) as an indicator, this retrospective observational study aimed to assess the incidence and severity of hypoxemia during deep intravenous sedation for patients with intellectual disabilities. Additionally, it intended to identify patient characteristics and anaesthesia-related factors independently associated with CT90.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pulse oximetry data were collected every 5 s during intravenous dental sedation in 144 patients with intellectual disabilities. Hypoxemia and severe hypoxemia were defined as SpO₂ &lt; 90% and CT90 &gt; 1%, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk indicators associated with the occurrence of hypoxemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>More than one episode of hypoxemia occurred in 62% (89/144) of patients. CT90 was 1.9 ± 4.8% during sedation and severe hypoxemia developed in 35% (50/144) of patients. BMI was a significant independent patient risk indicator for severe hypoxemia but accounted for only 28% of the variability in its incidence. Notably, the use of a BIS monitor, an appropriate dose of propofol and an extra suctioning device were identified as independent factors that could improve SpO₂ level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severe hypoxemia frequently occurred during intravenous sedation, particularly in obese patients with intellectual disabilities. Technical and pharmacological improvements of sedation strategies are essential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":"69 6","pages":"510-517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Validity of the Brøset Violence Checklist in a Secured Institution for Offenders With Intellectual Disabilities","authors":"Jacob Hvidhjelm,&nbsp;Søren Holst","doi":"10.1111/jir.13233","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jir.13233","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The integration of systematic risk assessments into care settings for offenders with intellectual disabilities (IDs) is a growing priority, yet evidence on the validity of existing tools in this population remains limited. The Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC) is widely used to assess short-term violence risk, but its predictive accuracy in individuals with IDs remains uncertain. This study investigates the predictive validity of the BVC in a specialized institutional context for offenders with IDs, focusing on its performance across different shifts and demographic subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective observational design was used to analyse 153 262 BVC assessments and 1325 documented severe violent incidents over 2.5 years in a secured Danish institution for offenders with IDs. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated across different BVC thresholds. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were applied to assess the influence of sex and time of day on predictive performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The BVC demonstrated high specificity and NPV across all shifts, confirming its utility in identifying low-risk scenarios. However, sensitivity and PPV were limited, particularly during night shifts and at higher score thresholds. Predictive accuracy was highest during evening shifts, aligning with periods of increased staff–resident interactions. GLMM analyses indicated that the relationship between BVC scores and violence risk was moderated by sex and time of day, with female residents and low-activity periods presenting unique challenges to prediction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings underscore the need for population-specific adaptations to the BVC, particularly to address contextual and demographic factors influencing aggression in ID populations. Recommendations include supplemental assessment strategies for low-activity shifts, sex-specific behavioural indicators and the development of tailored tools for ID care settings. This study advances the understanding of violence risk dynamics in ID populations and informs interventions to enhance safety for residents and staff.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":"69 6","pages":"518-526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jir.13233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Characterisation of Age-Related Changes in Self-Injurious Behaviour in a Sample of Children With Global Developmental Delay Aged 2–12 Years","authors":"Breanne J. Byiers,&nbsp;Jaclyn Gunderson,&nbsp;Andrea Huebner,&nbsp;Frank J. Symons","doi":"10.1111/jir.13228","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jir.13228","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Self-injurious behaviour (SIB) is a common problem among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) with important impacts on quality of life. Although some evidence suggests that SIB may increase with age, perhaps in a curvilinear pattern, this is primarily based on cross-sectional studies. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to conduct a prospective, longitudinal analysis of age-related changes in a high-risk cohort of children with developmental disabilities/delays.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 110 participants, between 2 and 12 years of age at enrolment (70% male), were followed for between 2 and 4 years. Caregivers completed the RBS-EC SIB subscale annually, for a total of 317 assessments. The SIB total score, SIB interference ratings and endorsement of specific topographies were selected as dependent measures. Generalised linear models evaluating linear, quadratic and cubic age-related changes and differences by intellectual disability (ID) status (no or mild ID vs. moderate to profound ID) were created for each outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For SIB total scores, the model suggested complex developmental patterns that varied by degree of ID. For SIB interference ratings, the model suggested that individuals with moderate to profound ID showed relatively high and stable levels of SIB interference across ages, whereas individuals with no or mild ID showed an increasing trend with age. Patterns varied across the specific SIB topographies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results suggest that age-related changes in SIB are complex and may vary across topographies. Overall, the results are concerning in that they indicate a potentially increasing trend in frequency of SIB and its impact on daily activities as individuals approach adolescence, indicating the need for further longitudinal work across the lifespan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","volume":"69 6","pages":"465-479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jir.13228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}