Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Citric acid treatment of Tetradesmus obliquus biomass reduces dry matter loss in handling, queuing, and long-term storage, while stimulating auto-fermentative production of succinic acid.","authors":"Bradley D Wahlen, Chelsea C St Germain, Lynn M Wendt, John McGowen, Yaqi You","doi":"10.1093/jimb/kuag008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jimb/kuag008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-harvest algae biomass is prone to degradation, resulting in mass loss and compositional changes, and preservation is vital to economic viability of algal products. Effective storage solutions are needed to mitigate for seasonal productivity variations (long-term storage) and to keep post-harvest biomass stable until processing. Ensiling has emerged as a long-term storage solution capable of preserving biomass up to 6 months with little loss without the energy demands of drying. Organic acids produced during ensiling lower biomass pH and prevent growth of degradative bacteria such as Clostridia. However, losses are front-loaded with a majority occurring within the first week before organic acids can accumulate. Currently, there is no information on the stability of algae biomass within the first 24 hr post-harvest or methods available to ensure stability during this period. Freshly harvested Tetradesmus obliquus UTEX 393 biomass was stored in three conditions: ambient atmosphere, anaerobic atmosphere without treatment, and anaerobic atmosphere with citric acid amendment. Citric acid treatment limited mass loss to 1% after 28 days, while untreated biomass experienced 4% mass loss after just 4 hr and 18% mass loss after 4 weeks. The carbohydrate fraction was most affected, with minimal changes to the elemental composition of biomass across treatments. Bacilli bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria, increased in abundance under all storage conditions. Untreated biomass showed a rise in Clostridia, but none were found in citric acid-treated biomass. After 28 days, organic acid composition differed significantly among treatments, with succinic acid being accumulated to 30% of dry cellular weight in citric acid treated UTEX 393 biomass. Citric acid treatment effectively mitigates biomass loss and, surprisingly, promotes substantial production of succinic acid. The unexpected autofermentation of UTEX 393 biomass to a versatile intermediate chemical such as succinic acid at high titers with minimal energy input could contribute to the economic viability of algae cultivation for fuels and chemicals. One-Sentence Summary  Tetradesmus obliquus biomass is susceptible to degradation immediately after harvest; citric acid treatment preserves biomass while stimulating succinic acid accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13049484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147458164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kratom medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase enzymes exhibit broad substrate and cofactor promiscuity.","authors":"Anna Koganitsky, Dong Oh Han, Vivian Liu, Amir Alwali, Sijin Li","doi":"10.1093/jimb/kuag012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jimb/kuag012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenases/reductases (MDRs) are crucial to the biosynthesis of plant monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs), yet studies have focused solely on their catalytic activities with strictosidine aglycone derivatives and NADPH as the redox cofactor. Here, we combined computational and experimental approaches to characterize the substrate and cofactor promiscuity of five MDRs recently identified in the medicinal plant kratom, including MsMDR4, MsMDR11, MsTHAS (tetrahydroalstonine synthase), MsDCS1 (dihydrocorynantheine synthase), and MsHYS (heteroyohimbine synthase). In vitro and yeast-based biochemical analyses showed that MsMDR4, MsMDR11, and MsTHAS catalyze the aldehyde reduction for cinnamaldehyde and 8-oxogeraniol, while MsMDR11 and MsTHAS also catalyze the alcohol oxidation for cinnamyl alcohol and 8-hydroxygeraniol. In particular, MsMDR11 exhibits 8-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase activity, producing 8-oxogeranial, an upstream intermediate in the strictosidine pathway. Additionally, all five enzymes can accept NADH/NAD + as redox cofactors, though with decreased productivity. Swapping the reducing cofactor from NADPH to NADH further alters the distribution of MIAs produced by MsDCS1 and MsHYS. Together, kratom MDRs exhibit great plasticity and potential for future enzyme engineering. One-sentence summary Computational and biochemical analyses revealed that previously identified kratom medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductases exhibit broad substrate and cofactor promiscuity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13146661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicriteria evaluation of ethylene glycol assimilation pathways.","authors":"Michelle Feigis, Radhakrishnan Mahadevan","doi":"10.1093/jimb/kuag007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jimb/kuag007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomanufacturing can play a pivotal role in the transition away from fossil fuel dependence for the production of chemicals and fuels. There is growing interest in inexpensive alternative bioproduction feedstocks from renewable sources that avoid competing with food production for land use. Ethylene glycol (EG), a C2 compound that can be recovered from plastic waste or derived from carbon dioxide, is gaining attention as a carbon source for microbial processes. Here, we systematically evaluate natural and synthetic metabolic pathways for EG assimilation using theoretical modeling approaches. We analyzed five pathways for their maximum theoretical yields, thermodynamic favourability, enzyme costs, and orthogonality to cell growth and identify favourable traits for each of these pathways for a given product. Our results reveal distinct trade-offs between pathway types. Synthetic pathways achieved higher theoretical yields for biomass and most bioproducts, with synthetic glycolaldehyde assimilation (SAGA) pathways showing the best overall yields and the synthetic acetyl-CoA assimilation (SACA) pathway demonstrating the highest thermodynamic favourability and lowest enzyme costs. Among natural pathways, the glycerate pathway exhibited favourable thermodynamics and moderate enzyme costs comparable to synthetic alternatives, while being particularly advantageous for glycolate production despite carbon losses. The β-hydroxyaspartate cycle (BHAC) showed the poorest thermodynamic performance and highest enzyme burden. However, natural pathways exhibited equal or higher orthogonality to growth-associated reactions, making them potentially suitable for dynamically controlled production systems. These findings provide guidance for selecting optimal EG assimilation strategies based on target products and process requirements, supporting the development of sustainable bioprocesses utilizing this promising unconventional feedstock. One-sentence summary This article reviews and compares metabolic pathways for the utilization of the compound EG in the context of bioproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":16092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12994477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding of the positive impact of glucose on the production of indican over indigo in engineered Escherichia coli.","authors":"Hyun Jin Kim, Yeda Lee, Yuni Shin, Suhye Choi, Jinok Oh, Suwon Kim, Jungoh Ahn, Kwon-Young Choi, Jeong Chan Joo, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Yung-Hun Yang","doi":"10.1093/jimb/kuae048","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jimb/kuae048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indigo is a plant-based natural blue dye that can be produced via chemical synthesis and biological pathways. However, the toxic reduction processes and intracellular production of indigo through microbial metabolism are often limited by insolubility of indigo and complex downstream processing, causing environmental issues in the dyeing processes. Additionally, indican, a precursor of indigo with a glucose moiety, is highly soluble and can be easily converted into indoxyl by β-glucosidase, forming indigo under mild conditions. We constructed an indican-producing strain Escherichia coli BL21 HI201 by introducing a UDP-glycosyltransferase (ugt) into an indoxyl production system containing tryptophanse (tnaA) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) genes, enabling conversion of tryptophan into indican. Testing of the effect by various carbon sources suggested that glucose is one of the major factors affecting the ratio of indigo to indican, and increase in glucose concentration to more than 1.5% could produce sole indican without indigo. Under optimal conditions, E. coli BL21 HI201 biosynthesized 5.65 mM indican from tryptophan. Additionally, after deletion of various β-glucosidase genes, the bglA knockout strain E. coli BL21 HI204 produced more indican, achieving 6.79 mM after 24 hr of cultivation. This study demonstrated the strategic production of indican through the installation of a production system, deletion of a byproduct pathway, and control of glucose concentration.</p><p><strong>One-sentence summary: </strong>This paper demonstrates the strategic enhancement of indican production in genetically engineered Escherichia coli BL21 by optimizing metabolic pathways and controlling glucose concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"52 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprospecting and phylogenetic analysis of Priestia flexa AW3: an industrially significant amylase-producing bacterium from unexplored contaminated soil in Layyah.","authors":"Sobia Ramzan, Musrat Shaheen, Mohsin Khurshid, Farhat Jabeen, Sara Mahmood, Ayesha Sarwar, Shahzad Ahmad","doi":"10.1093/jimb/kuaf034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jimb/kuaf034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In spite of wonderful industrial applications of microbial enzymes, still most of habitats in various parts of world are unexplored for bioprospecting of industrial potent microbes. This study represents the first bioprospecting effort in Layyah district to explore indigenous bacterial diversity, enzymatic potential, and phylogenetic relationships in untapped contaminated soil habitat. Contaminated soils serve as reservoirs of industrially significant bacteria with unique enzymatic degradation capabilities, offering solutions for sustainable industrial applications and environmental remediation. An effort for comparative bioprospecting-based study for bacterial diversity exhibiting amylase potential across unaddressed contaminated soil samples [industrial, household, poultry, and animal waste (AW)] using qualitative and quantitative methods, was conducted. AW-contaminated soil exhibited the highest bacterial load (2.51 × 1010 CFUs) and amylase activity (51, amylase zones), whereas industrial waste soil showed the lowest CFUs (1.24 × 1010). Household waste soil, however, displayed the greatest Shannon diversity index (H'= 2.192262) for amylase-producing bacteria. Among isolates, Priestia flexa AW3 (OQ446563) demonstrated exceptional amylase production, forming 30 mm hydrolysis zones on starch agar and achieving optimal activity (1.76 ± 0.05 OD; 1.23 ± 0.03 AU/mL) at pH 7 and 37°C after 48 h. Notably, the strain retained enzymatic stability under extreme conditions, temperature up to 50°C, NaCl concentrations (0.5%-10%), and a broad pH range. Phylogenetic analysis via 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed its identity as P. flexa. This study underscores the untapped potential of contaminated soils in Layyah as sources of robust industrial microbes and highlights the value of bioprospecting in discovering novel bacterial strains for biotechnology and environmental sustainability. One-Sentence Summary: Bioprospecting for industrially important bacteria with unique enzymatic potential from untapped habitats is highly needed to solve sever environmental problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":16092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12640123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145481523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of extracellular L-arginase by Alcaligenes aquatilis BC2 isolated from soda lakes (Lake Chitu) of Ethiopia.","authors":"Birhan Getie Assega, Kefyalew Ayalew Getahun, Tamene Milkessa, Tsehayneh Geremew Yohannes, Feleke Moges, Mulugeta Aemero, Berhanu Andualem","doi":"10.1093/jimb/kuaf017","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jimb/kuaf017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>L-Arginase is a therapeutic enzyme that hydrolyzes L-arginine to ornithine and urea. The L-arginase extracted from bacteria has an anticancer activity by causing starvation of nutrients for cancer cells. This study aimed to screen and characterize L-arginase-producing bacteria and to optimize different factors influencing L-arginase production. Isolation and primary screening were carried out by using mineral arginine agar media using phenol red as an indicator. Molecular identification of the isolates was employed by using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. L-Arginase assay by colorimetric method was carried out to measure the amount of urea liberated from the hydrolysis of L-arginine for quantitative screening. From 31 water samples, 102 colonies were isolated, and those colonies that convert the media to pink were selected as arginase-producing bacteria. 7 isolates were screened from qualitative screening method. Based on quantitative screening, the highest L-arginase was produced from bacteria Alcaligenes aquatilis BC2 (92.46 ± 0.19 U/ml) followed by Paenalcaligenes suwonensis BCW8 (59.29 ± 0.66 U/ml). Following their mean difference, isolate BC2 was selected for further optimization process of 8 parameters. After optimization, the isolate shows the maximum (163.85 U/ml) enzyme activity. The result of this study implies that novel bacteria were isolated from soda lakes that produce a considerable amount of L-arginase, which can be used as a promising anticancer activity. One-Sentence Summary: This study successfully isolated and characterized a novel L-arginase-producing bacterium, Alcaligenes aquatilis BC2, from Ethiopian soda lakes and optimized its enzyme production parameters for potential anticancer applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12259280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-mining-guided discovery of coumarubrin: A novel aminocoumarin-substituted rubromycin antibiotic.","authors":"Heiner G Weddeling, Sven T Sowa, Selina Bosshardt, Lukas Schwimbersky, Malik Rakhmanov, Robin Teufel","doi":"10.1093/jimb/kuaf018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jimb/kuaf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rubromycins are bacterial aromatic polyketides containing a hallmark spiroketal pharmacophore produced by type II polyketide synthases and accessory enzymes. They generally display cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties, frequently disrupting cellular processes and proteins associated with nucleic acids, such as DNA helicase or telomerase. Among the known rubromycin congeners, hyaluromycin stands out due to a 2-amino-3-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone (C5N) substitution that is presumably installed by an amide bond synthetase (ABS). Here, we used bioinformatic analysis to identify uncharacterized biosynthetic gene clusters and potential rubromycin producer strains encoding putative ABSs but lacking the enzymes responsible for C5N formation, suggesting potentially novel substituents. One of these strains, Lentzea tibetensis, was successfully cultivated and confirmed to produce a previously undescribed aminocoumarin-substituted rubromycin polyketide, named coumarubrin, as verified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy indicates an absolute configuration identical to that of previously characterized rubromycins, while the first bioactivity assays demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria. One-Sentence Summary: This study reports the discovery of a novel member of the rubromycins, antibiotic and cytotoxic aromatic polyketides produced by Actinobacteria, which is fused to a distinct aminocoumarin moiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":16092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12284476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advancement of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine production using microorganisms: A review.","authors":"Anica Tasnim Protity, Shengde Zhou","doi":"10.1093/jimb/kuaf014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jimb/kuaf014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucosamine (GlcN) and GlcN-based supplements, e.g. glucosamine hydrochloride, glucosamine sulfate, and N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc), provide symptomatic relief to osteoarthritis patients and have been used as one of the most popular nutraceuticals. To meet the increasing demands, scientists have explored cost-effective methods for GlcN and GlcNAc production using low-cost raw materials such as seafood waste. However, the commercially available GlcN and GlcNAc production methods are environmentally harmful because of the use of toxic reagents. Moreover, the raw material used might be unsafe for consumers with shrimp allergies. On the other hand, bio-based GlcN production is gaining popularity because of its eco-friendly production approach and optimum reaction conditions. In this mini-review, we will discuss the recent developments to produce GlcN and GlcNAc through (1) the chemical and enzyme-mediated approaches of crude chitin hydrolysis, primarily obtained from shrimp and crabs; (2) the whole cell-based systems for fungal derived chitin bio-transformation and fungal fermentation; and (3) the metabolic engineering and the adaptive evolution based microbial biocatalyst for a balanced cell growth and optimal production of GlcN and GlcNAc. One-Sentence Summary: This article summarizes the mechanism of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine production using bacteria, fungi, and chemical processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced amino acid biosynthesis in Phaffia rhodozyma via herbicide-induced selection.","authors":"Svetlana Raita, Iveta Kuzmika, Taras Mika, Zane Geiba, Kriss Spalvins","doi":"10.1093/jimb/kuaf011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jimb/kuaf011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the Food and Agricultural Organisation 2024 statement, developing single-cell protein technology is important to reduce the burden on conventional feed protein production sectors. In this regard, improved commercial strains rich in amino acids, especially Lys and Met, may provide a sustainable alternative source of protein in aquaculture diets. The developed and laboratory-validated methodology for creating protein-synthesizing mutants will strengthen the competitiveness of SCP production technology. The present work provides unique results on improving the protein-producing properties of wild-type Phaffia rhodozyma DSM 5626 by mutagenesis and screening on herbicide-containing medium as a selective agent for amino acid biosynthesis inhibition. Inhibitory concentrations of pure herbicide actives were determined for S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (AEC) hydrochloride and glufosinate-ammonium (GA) for complete inhibition and strong inhibition of the DSM 5626 strain. GA at a concentration of 50 mM and 100 mM and AEC at 0.5 mM and 2.5 mM were chosen for mutant selection after chemical mutagenesis. The use of herbicides resulted in the selection of mutants with significantly improved synthesis of Met and Lys. Specifically, mutants GA6/4 and GA7/5 exhibited 37% and 26% higher Met levels, respectively, while GA6/3 had a 14% increase in Lys compared to the wild-type strain. The AEC3/9 mutant demonstrated a 35% increase in Met, 24% in Lys, 8% in Ile, and 6% in Phe, underscoring the efficacy of this screening approach in enhancing essential amino acid content. The protein quality parameters essential amino acid index and amino acid score of these mutants became higher compared with commercial strains of SCP yeast such as C. utilis, S. cerevisiae, K. marxianus, etc.</p><p><strong>One-sentence summary: </strong>Mutagenesis combined with selective screening using herbicides is an effective approach to enhancing amino acid biosynthesis in yeast.</p>","PeriodicalId":16092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping epoxyquinoid biosynthesis: Enzyme functions across bacteria and fungi.","authors":"Hsin-Yu Wei, Wei-Hsuan Lin, Hsiao-Ching Lin","doi":"10.1093/jimb/kuaf035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jimb/kuaf035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epoxyquinoids are a unique class of natural products featuring an epoxide embedded within a quinone/quinol scaffold, typically as an epoxycyclohexenone (ECH). Their striking stereochemical diversity arises from multiple permutations of epoxide and hydroxyl configurations across the epoxyquinol and epoxyhydroquinone families. These highly oxygenated cores contain contiguous stereocenters and reactive functionalities, and their structural diversity correlates with broad bioactivity spanning antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects. A shared epoxide-quinone (or keto-epoxide) pharmacophore acts as an electrophilic warhead that covalently engages protein nucleophiles via Michael addition and epoxide opening, underpinning diverse modes of action. Recent biosynthetic advances have uncovered tailoring enzymes with unusual catalytic strategies that forge the epoxide, install additional functionality, and tune oxidation states through redox chemistry. This review highlights current knowledge of experimentally characterized pathways and enzyme functions across Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota, illuminating common logic and organism-specific innovations in epoxyquinoid assembly.</p>","PeriodicalId":16092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12720273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145587950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}