Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Molecular and serological evidence of chikungunya virus among dengue suspected patients in Sri Lanka","authors":"Mya Myat Ngwe Tun ,&nbsp;Maurine Mumo Mutua ,&nbsp;Shingo Inoue ,&nbsp;Yuki Takamatsu ,&nbsp;Satoshi Kaneko ,&nbsp;Takeshi Urano ,&nbsp;Rohitha Muthugala ,&nbsp;Lakkumar Fernando ,&nbsp;Menaka Hapugoda ,&nbsp;YINS Gunawardene ,&nbsp;Kouichi Morita","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), transmitted by <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes, causes significant morbidity characterized by acute febrile illness to chronic and permanent disability in some patients. Despite its potential for severe long-term effects, surveillance for CHIKV remains limited, especially in dengue-endemic region like Sri Lanka. To address the gap in surveillance, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of CHIKV among patients suspected of dengue fever during the 2017–2019 DENV outbreak in Sri Lanka.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Serum samples were collected from 295 patients at Kandy National Hospital and 300 patients at Negombo Hospitals, presenting with dengue-like symptoms such as fever, rash, and arthralgia. We performed quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) to detect the CHIKV genome and conducted serological tests for anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG antibodies on all samples. Serology-positive samples were further validated with neutralization assays to confirm CHIKV-specific antibodies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of recent CHIKV infection (IgM or RT-qPCR positive) was 2.4 % and 7.0 %, while past CHIKV infection (IgG-positive) was 16.3 % and 12.3 % with neutralizing antibody (NAb) in Kandy and Negombo Hospitals, respectively. All IgG-positive samples exhibited NAb with titers of 10 or higher. The NAb geometric mean titer in the Kandy and Negombo areas does not show a significant difference. In the Kandy area, the majority of CHIKV infections occurred in young adults aged 13–24 years, accounting for 57.1 % of recent infections and 52.1 % of past infections.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CHIKV circulates alongside DENV outbreaks, with a higher prevalence of recent infections in Negombo compared to Kandy, while past infections are more common in Kandy than in Negombo. Neutralization assays confirmed the presence of CHIKV-specific antibodies, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance for proper patient care and management. These findings underscore the importance of public health interventions, including surveillance programs and vaccine development, to mitigate the burden of CHIKV in Sri Lanka.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 5","pages":"Article 102709"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy-related listeriosis in Spain","authors":"Elena Vázquez ,&nbsp;Óscar de Gregorio ,&nbsp;Vicente Soriano ,&nbsp;Carmen Álvarez ,&nbsp;Alfonso Ortega-de la Puente ,&nbsp;Marina de la Cruz- Echeandía ,&nbsp;Xiomara Patricia Blanco-Valencia ,&nbsp;Ana Royuela ,&nbsp;Jorge Esteban-Sampedro ,&nbsp;Mario Martín-Portugués ,&nbsp;Octavio Corral ,&nbsp;Víctor Moreno-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pregnant women are at high risk of acquiring listeriosis, resulting in severe fetal and neonatal outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All hospitalizations with a listeriosis diagnosis in pregnant women (obstetric listeriosis) and/or newborns (neonatal listeriosis) in Spain from 2000 to 2021 were examined using the National Registry of Hospital Discharges, employing ICD-9 and −10 coding lists.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 540 and 450 hospital admissions for obstetric listeriosis and neonatal listeriosis were identified, respectively, with 146 adverse fetal-neonatal outcomes (miscarriage, fetal loss, stillbirth, and neonatal death). The incidence of obstetric listeriosis, neonatal listeriosis, and adverse fetal-neonatal outcomes (5.7, 4.7, and 1.5 per 100,000 deliveries, respectively) rose significantly from 2000 to 2021.</div><div>No maternal deaths were recorded among women hospitalized with obstetric listeriosis. However, 9.8 % experienced miscarriage, related to bacteremia (OR=2.46), 6.3 % fetal loss and 5.9 % stillbirths, associated with chorioamnionitis (OR=3.42), which was identified in 77.7 % of 254 deliveries. Overall, 51.1 % of newborns developed sepsis, 58.9 % prematurity, 26.9 % ARDS, and 9.8 % died. ARDS (OR=2.76) and prematurity (OR=5.07) were associated with perinatal death in newborns with listeriosis.</div><div>Pregnancy-related listeriosis was associated with increased risks of miscarriage (OR=1.75), intrauterine death (OR=17), preterm labor (OR=8.78), fetal distress (OR=2.10), cesarean section (OR=1.68), and stillbirth (OR=23.57).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Admissions for obstetric listeriosis and neonatal listeriosis in Spain have risen significantly from 2000 to 2021. Pregnancy-related listeriosis has a deleterious impact on fetal and neonatal outcomes, including miscarriages, fetal loss, stillbirth, and neonatal death. Surveillance, prevention, and prompt management of pregnant women with listeriosis and newborns with neonatal infection are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 5","pages":"Article 102706"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of COVID-19 in Japan from 2020 through 2023","authors":"Atsuna Tokumoto ,&nbsp;Kazuaki Jindai ,&nbsp;Tomoki Nakaya ,&nbsp;Mayuko Saito ,&nbsp;Clive E. Sabel ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Oshitani","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) varied among countries. The spatiotemporal trends of COVID-19 in Japan remain understudied. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a detailed investigation of the spatiotemporal evolution of infections/deaths across prefectures in Japan, to analyze the changing patterns of COVID-19 circulation in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We extracted data from nationally represented open-source data from January 15, 2020, to May 9, 2023, and we calculated the incidence rate of infection and the mortality. Further the ratios were obtained by dividing those rates in prefectural level by those in national level to make them comparable across country. Then, the spatiotemporal trends of COVID-19 were depicted via heatmaps. A Poisson regression model was used to compare the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of infection and death between nonmetropolitan and metropolitan prefectures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the study period, Japan experienced eight waves of COVID-19 resulting in 33,738,398 confirmed infections and 74,688 deaths. Both infections and deaths increased significantly overtime. Transmission was initially concentrated in metropolitan prefectures. Nonmetropolitan prefectures were protected and had lower numbers of infections and deaths through June 2022. Thereafter, COVID-19 became more widespread, with more localized surges in nonmetropolitan prefectures. Eventually, during the eighth wave (October 16, 2022-May 9, 2023), there was a marked increase in the IRR in nonmetropolitan prefectures reaching 1.25 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.34) for infection and 1.38 (95 % CI, 1.16–1.65) for death.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In Japan, COVID-19 transmission was suppressed for the first 2 years of the pandemic, especially in nonmetropolitan prefectures, but the trends changed over time, and more infections and deaths were observed from late 2022 in nonmetropolitan prefectures. These findings underscore the importance of addressing the geographical disparities that likely exist between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan prefectures Delaying large surges in nonmetropolitan prefectures may be an important takeaway that could aid in the future management of major infectious disease outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 5","pages":"Article 102704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic factors of disease progression in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 on early remdesivir treatment in Taiwan","authors":"Yu-Chien Ho ,&nbsp;Min-Chi Chang ,&nbsp;Wen-Ying Lin ,&nbsp;Chia-Ying Wu ,&nbsp;Szu-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Chien Chuang ,&nbsp;Chih-Han Juan ,&nbsp;Chia-Jen Liu ,&nbsp;Yi-Tsung Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>An early 3-day course of remdesivir treatment was recommended for high risk patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. We investigated the prognostic factors of disease progression and mortality in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 on early remdesivir treatment in Taiwan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adult patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 treated with a 3-day course of remdesivir at Taipei Veterans General Hospital from April–July 2022 were identified. The main outcomes were 14-day disease progression (defined as increased oxygen requirement compared with the baseline condition or mortality) and 28-day mortality. Cox regression model was used to identify independent variables associated with poor outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 342 patients on early remdesivir treatment, 41 patients (12 %) had 14-day disease progression, and 6 patients (1.8 %) died within 28 days. Seventy-nine patients (23.1 %) did not receive COVID-19 vaccine before the diagnosis of COVID-19. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥ 7 was the only independent factor associated with 14-day disease progression, and nosocomial COVID-19, initial neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein (CRP) &gt; 10 mg/dL were independent factors associated with 28-day mortality. In 231 patients (67.5 %) administered at least two doses of COVID-19 vaccine, 26 patients (11.3 %) had 14-day disease progression, and 5 patients (2.2 %) died within 28 days. CCI score ≥ 7 was the only independent factor for 14-day disease progression, and CRP level &gt; 10 mg/dL was the independent factor associated with 28-day mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Multiple comorbidities and nosocomial COVID-19 predisposed these patients to poor outcomes. Therefore, infection prevention and control measures are important in the fight against COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 5","pages":"Article 102705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis infection in patients with rheumatic diseases under different treatments","authors":"Tianhui Liu ,&nbsp;Hongxuan Yan ,&nbsp;Mengqiu Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe the clinical characteristics of the patients with rheumatic disease who develop tuberculosis(TB), this study investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with rheumatic diseases under different treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We collected clinical data of patients diagnosed with rheumatic diseases complicated with TB at our hospital from January 2009 to October 2022. The patients were divided into three groups based on medication treatments: the biologic Disease Modifying anti-rheumatic drugs（bDMARDs） group, the no-immunotherapy group, and the conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (csDMARDs) group. A retrospective analysis was conducted on these three groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that patients using bDMARDs were less likely to develop cavities than the other two groups but were more likely to have extrapulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB). Additionally, the majority of patients experienced a time interval of 6 months or less from starting bDMARDs to the diagnosis of TB. The clinical characteristics of TB infection in patients with rheumatic diseases vary under different treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Patients with rheumatic diseases exhibit distinct clinical characteristics under various treatment regimens, such as differences in the presentation and severity of TB infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 5","pages":"Article 102703"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring global natural product databases for NLRP3 inhibition: Unveiling novel combinatorial therapeutic strategy for hidradenitis suppurativa","authors":"Muhammad Suleman ,&nbsp;Abduh Murshed ,&nbsp;Abrar Mohammad Sayaf ,&nbsp;Abbas Khan ,&nbsp;Salman Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Paola Maura Tricarico ,&nbsp;Chiara Moltrasio ,&nbsp;Abdelali Agouni ,&nbsp;Kar Kheng Yeoh ,&nbsp;Angelo Valerio Marzano ,&nbsp;Sergio Crovella","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition of the terminal hair follicle, which can present in sporadic, familial, or syndromic forms. The exact pathogenesis of HS remains elusive, posing a challenge for the development of effective treatments. Among the various immunological mechanisms, the NLRP3 inflammasome is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of HS, releasing cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 which initiates and exacerbates inflammation. Consequently, targeting NLRP3 offers a potential strategy for mitigating inflammation in HS-affected skin.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study we used the docking, molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy approaches to identify the potent inhibitor of NLRP3 by screening the African phytocompounds and traditional Chinese medicine databases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our virtual drug screening analysis identified two lead compounds from each database, characterized by high docking scores such as SA-21676268 (-8.135 kcal/mol), SA-167673 (-10.251 kcal/mol), EA-45360194 (-10.376 kcal/mol), EA-46881231 (-10.011 kcal/mol), NEA-44258150 (-9.856 kcal/mol), NEA-135926572 (-7.662 kcal/mol), NA-163089376 (-9.237 kcal/mol), NA-440735 (-8.826 kcal/mol), TCM-392442 (-10.438 kcal/mol), and TCM-10043097 (-9.046 kcal/mol) which highlighted the strong binding affinity as compared to the control NP3–146 drug (-5.09 kcal/mol). Moreover, the values of dissociation constant further validated the strong binding affinity between the identified lead compounds and NLRP3. The dynamic stability and strong bonding energies of the lead compounds-NLRP3 complexes were confirmed by the molecular dynamic simulation and binding free energy calculation. The analysis of ADMET properties for all compounds indicated high intestinal absorption, water solubility, absence of hepatotoxicity, and skin sensitivity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, our molecular simulations and binding free energy calculations confirmed the strong affinity of these lead compounds for NLRP3 as compared to the control drug, highlighting their potential as part of a combinatorial therapeutic strategy for HS to effectively reduce disease-related inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102697"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive field investigation of a large botulism outbreak, Saudi Arabia, 2024","authors":"Saad Nasser Al Zuayr ,&nbsp;Shady Abdelrahman Kamel ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Saad Almutairi ,&nbsp;Yahya Abdullah AlAsseri ,&nbsp;Musa alfaifi ,&nbsp;Bader Alyahya ,&nbsp;Mohammad Al Deeb ,&nbsp;Hussein Ayaed Albogami ,&nbsp;Hamoud Marzouq Alrougi ,&nbsp;Rayyan Mohammad Saqah ,&nbsp;Abdulmohsen Mohammed Alahmad ,&nbsp;Abd Elelah Hamoud Almutairi ,&nbsp;Eman Elsayed Abd-Ellatif","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Botulism is an uncommon and possibly lethal disease caused by botulinum neurotoxins, produced by Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium butyricum, and Clostridium baratii. Food-borne botulism typically results from consuming homemade canned, preserved, or fermented food. This paper presents the first documented occurrence of a commercially prepared food-borne botulism outbreak in Saudi Arabia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used information from medical charts to describe the outbreak by time, place and affected persons. Individuals who consumed food from a specific restaurant chain in Riyadh within one week of its closure and experienced symptoms compatible with botulism were included. One hundred and two cases were interviewed. All clinical data, laboratory investigations, and information regarding antitoxin administration were obtained. We reviewed the results of samples collected from food handlers and the environment. The public health actions and the outbreak source investigations were detailed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 50 cases have met the criteria for clinically confirmed botulism. Laboratory testing verified 10 (20 %) of the confirmed cases. Half of the cases were males with a mean age of 25.08 ( ± 6.42) and the other half were females with a mean age of 25.28 ( ± 9.38). Saudi nationals represented 90 % of cases. All cases reported eating from different branches of the same restaurant in Riyadh. The mean incubation period ranged from 4 to 101 h. Prevalent symptoms were dysphagia (80 %), dysarthria (78 %), peripheral muscle weakness (78 %), and diplopia (62 %). 96 % of cases received Antitoxin. Consumed food items included meat burgers (58 %), chicken burgers (22 %), fries (52 %), fries with meat (10 %), and sauces (100 %). BoNT types A and B were detected in one sample from a mayonnaise jar.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study outlined an outbreak of food-borne botulism associated with commercially processed items. The early administration of antitoxins, high index of suspicion, and effective source control considerably reduced morbidity and mortality. It is uncommon for mayonnaise to cause botulism, so further testing is necessary to confirm this relationship. We recommend higher measures of monitoring and improving the food sector's preservation, storage, and quality control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 5","pages":"Article 102702"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional and national trends in incidence and mortality of pertussis from 1990 to 2021 and the comparison before and during COVID-19: A modelling analysis","authors":"Shimo Zhang ,&nbsp;Sijia Wang ,&nbsp;Jue Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pertussis, a contagious respiratory disease, has seen a global decline in cases due to vaccination but has resurged because of waning immunity, with further impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the disease burden of pertussis worldwide from 1990 to 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using the GBD 2021, we extracted age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and death rates (ASDR) of pertussis and analyzed the trends of them through calculating the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) at global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2021. Besides, we compared the EAPCs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to explore the difference. Lastly, we investigated the association between age-standardized rates (ASR) and the socio-demographic index (SDI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1990–2021, the global ASIR and ASDR of pertussis witnessed an annual decline of 2.57 % (95 %CI: 1.91–3.22 %) and 3.20 % (2.54–3.85 %) on average, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the ASR showed steep downward trends not only globally but also in diverse regions. Nevertheless, before the pandemic, Southern Sub-Sahara Africa witnessed upward trends in ASR, whose EAPCs were 0.85 % (0.67–1.02 %) for ASIR and 0.65 % (0.41–0.88 %) for ASDR. Additionally, a remarkable negative correlation was revealed between ASR and SDI (Regional level: r = -0.843; r = -0.885. National level: r = -0.621; r = -0.762. All <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001.), corroborating with the observation that regions and countries with lower SDI bore the higher disease burden.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>From 1990–2021, global burden of pertussis showed a downward trend, with significant drops during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, before the COVID-19, Southern Sub-Saharan Africa saw rising ASIR and ASDR, contrary to the majority. Besides, SDI was proved negatively correlated with ASR, indicating that low-SDI countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, faced high disease burden, which highlighted the need for improving immunization, surveillance, and healthcare resource allocation to control pertussis effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102696"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus pyogenes bloodstream infections in an Italian hospital: A ten-year genomic picture","authors":"Marta Corbella ,&nbsp;Cristina Merla ,&nbsp;Angela Kuka ,&nbsp;Irene Mileto ,&nbsp;Greta Petazzoni ,&nbsp;Chiara Rebuffa ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Brunco ,&nbsp;Stefano Gaiarsa ,&nbsp;Fausto Baldanti ,&nbsp;Patrizia Cambieri","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During 2022 and 2023, a large upsurge of cases of Group A <em>Streptococcus</em> (GAS) infection has struck many countries worldwide. This large epidemic event was caused by a diminished level of immunity after COVID-19 social restrictions and was fostered mainly by the <em>emm</em>1 genotype of the bacterium.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We characterized the genomes of the GAS isolates that caused bloodstream infections in the last ten years in a 900-bed hospital in Northern Italy. We obtained short-read genomes, which we used for <em>emm</em> typing and to analyze the antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene content. Moreover, we contextualized the isolates in an epidemiological point of view using both ortholog-based and SNP-based phylogeny.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the last ten years, we registered two upsurges of GAS cases in the study hospital: one in 2023 (in line with the global epidemiological situation), and one in 2016 (local, but observed also in another recent Italian study). The genomic analysis of the bloodstream infection isolates showed the circulation of multiple <em>emm</em> types, of which <em>emm</em>1, <em>emm</em>12, and <em>emm</em>4 characterized the two large epidemic events. Notably, the 2016 peak was mainly fostered by the M1_Global and <em>emm</em>4 genotypes, in contrast with the rise of M1_UK observed in the UK in the pre-pandemic years. Phylogeny analysis showed the presence of multiple monophyla of local strains. Despite our genomes being obtained from blood-culture isolates, we did not observe any increased presence of virulence or antimicrobial resistance genes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results further confirm the role of <em>emm</em>1 as the most prevalent genotype worldwide. However, we also unveiled the central role of genotype <em>emm</em>4 in the 2016 epidemic event, described in the study hospital. Finally, our results suggest the presence of multiple locally persistent strains. Among these, we underlined the presence of a multi-drug resistant strain of <em>emm</em>92.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102701"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virucidal activity of tiliacorinine, dioscorine, racemosol, and terrein against influenza A virus (H1N1), coronavirus 229E, SARS-CoV-2, and enterovirus 71","authors":"Akanitt Jittmittraphap ,&nbsp;Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong ,&nbsp;Piyawan Meechokedee ,&nbsp;Siriporn Chattanadee ,&nbsp;Narin Thippornchai ,&nbsp;Sanya Sureram ,&nbsp;Chulabhorn Mahidol ,&nbsp;Somsak Ruchirawat ,&nbsp;Prasat Kittakoop","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and Disease X, which was detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in early December 2024, underscore the importance of developing new virucidal, antiviral, and antimicrobial compounds. The virucidal activity of natural products, including tiliacorinine (<strong>1</strong>), dioscorine (<strong>2</strong>), racemosol (<strong>3</strong>), and terrein (<strong>4</strong>), against influenza A virus (H1N1), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and enterovirus 71 (EV71) were evaluated using the American Society for Testing and Materials E1053–20 method. Racemosol (<strong>3</strong>) from <em>Bauhinia malabarica</em> had the most potent virucidal activity against the H1N1, HCoV-229E, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, followed by terrein (<strong>4</strong>), a metabolite of the fungus <em>Aspergillus terreus</em>. Racemosol (<strong>3</strong>) exhibited virucidal activity with a log reduction of 4 (99.99 % viral reduction) against H1N1, HCoV-229E, and SARS-CoV-2 at a concentration of 0.1250 mg/mL. The alkaloids tiliacorinine (<strong>1</strong>) from <em>Tiliacora triandra</em> and dioscorine (<strong>2</strong>) from <em>Dioscorea hispida</em> exhibited weaker virucidal activity than racemosol (<strong>3</strong>) and terrein (<strong>4</strong>). Compounds <strong>1</strong>, <strong>2</strong>, and <strong>4</strong> showed weak virucidal activity against the EV71 virus, while racemosol (<strong>3</strong>) displayed moderate activity with a log reduction of 3.813 at the concentration of 0.1250 mg/mL. This work underscores the importance of natural products as sources of virucidal agents, which may be useful for the future threats of emerging and re-emerging viral diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}