Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Effects of intense exercise on innate bacterial killing in close contacts of patients with TB/MDR-TB.","authors":"Saikaew Chuachan, Hutcha Sriplung, Marisa Ponpuak, Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Close contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) face a high infection risk due to limited chemoprophylaxis. Exercise is known to enhance the lung defense mechanisms. This study evaluated whether intense exercise can boost innate bacterial immunity in close contact by improving the in vitro killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve males (20-40 years) from a tuberculosis clinic were randomly assigned to exercise or no-exercise groups. The exercise group performed high-intensity cycling at 70-80 % of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 30-60 min, three days/week for 12 weeks. The no-exercise group engaged in self-directed exercise. Blood monocytes were isolated before and after the program and differentiated into inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. We infected the isolated monocytes and M1 and M2 macrophages with the mCherry-expressing laboratory reference M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv and a local strain of MDR-TB with a multiplicity of infection (MOI) is 10 for 0 and 72 h, and mycobacterial survival was determined via high content imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mycobacterial survival percentages were normalized to the 0-h infection control. In the exercise group, H37Rv survival was significantly decreased in monocytes, M1, and M2 macrophages compared to that in the no-exercise group. However, the local MDR strain reduced the survival of M1 macrophages but not that of monocytes or M2 macrophages. Additionally, cytokine secretion after H37Rv infection in monocytes showed a significant reduction in IL-1β levels, whereas no significant changes were observed in M1 and M2 macrophages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intense exercise may enhance mycobacterial killing in individuals exposed to TB, particularly inflammatory M1 macrophages. Promoting intense exercise among close contacts of patients with TB may be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 11","pages":"102902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-visiting the surgical role in treating chemotherapeutic-resistance pulmonary tuberculosis: Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Majed Al-Mourgi, Anwar Shams, Majed Wasal Al-Morgi, Ziyad Al-Morgi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence and prevalence of multi-drug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis are increasing, posing profound health concerns; therefore, surgical intervention is gaining popularity again. However, the effectiveness of surgical treatment needs to be reassessed. This study attempted to determine the efficacy of surgical treatment and chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search and meta-analysis were conducted from inception to June 2025 of the existing databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. All double-arm studies available in English published between 2005 and August 2019 were included. Among 618 studies, 468 were selected based on abstract review. Eight out of 468 (8/468) studies were double-arm retrospective cohorts and observational studies, which included 1929 persons who matched the inclusion criteria. To measure the success of the surgical intervention, we used the pooled rate ratio, loss of patient follow-up, and the incidence of mortality using the random effects heterogeneity model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the treatment success rate (RR=1.24 (0.98-1.56), p = 0.07) and mortality rate (RR=1.82 (0.31-10.63, p = 0.51) between the two groups. Interestingly, the summary rate ratio (RR=0.41 (0.18-0.93), p = 0.03) showed that the surgical group had a considerably lower loss rate to follow-up than the non-surgical group. There was no evidence of heterogeneity amongst the trials (I2 =0 %, τ2 =0.00, df=2, p = 0.36).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current meta-analysis was the first to use a factor of loss of follow-up collected from several reports as a predictive tool to assess the effectiveness of surgical participation in treating drug-resistant tuberculosis patients. The rate of patient loss to follow-up in the surgical group suggested that the combination approach of surgery and chemotherapy showed a potential superiority over chemotherapy alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 11","pages":"102920"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to tuberculosis infection treatment and its impact on prevention of tuberculosis reactivation: A retrospective cohort study from Taiwan.","authors":"Ying-Chun Chien, Chin-Hao Chang, Chin-Chung Shu, Hao-Chien Wang, Chong-Jen Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment for tuberculosis infection (TBI) is often discontinued owing to adverse drug effects. The impact of treatment completion on TB reactivation remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1432 patients at one medical centre in Taiwan from 2016 to 2021. Patients with TBI were divided into three groups: non-initiation (N), incomplete treatment (IC), and complete treatment (C). Those exposure to TB but without TBI formed a control group. TB reactivation was analysed using multivariable Cox regression models, with follow-up for up to three years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall TB reactivation rate was 2.3 % (34/1432), ranging from 6.1 % in the TBI (N) group (n = 378), 2.1 % in the TBI (IC) group (n = 330), 0.5 % in the TBI (C) group (n = 430), and 0.7 % in the control group (n = 294). TBI treatment was independently associated with a reduced risk of TB reactivation. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for TBI (IC) versus TBI (N) was 0.32 (95 % CI 0.12-0.85, p = 0.022), and for TBI (C) versus TBI (N), the aHR was 0.05 (95 % CI 0.01-0.29, p < 0.001). Each 10 % increase in treatment adherence rate resulted in a 23 % reduction in the risk of TB reactivation (aHR 0.77, 95 % CI 0.67-0.88, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TBI treatment, prescribed to 67 % and completed by 38 % of patients, significantly reduces TB reactivation risk, especially with high adherence. Enhancing adherence, particularly among elderly patients and those with comorbidities, is crucial for improving the effectiveness of TBI treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 11","pages":"102917"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vonoprazan-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori resistant to first-line regimens: A guideline-compliant 14-day multicenter study in Egypt","authors":"Atteyat A. Semeya ,&nbsp;Raafat S.A. Abdel Hafez ,&nbsp;Naglaa F. Al-Mihy ,&nbsp;Rasha Elgamal ,&nbsp;Amira A.A. Othman","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The global rise in antibiotic resistance has severely compromised the efficacy of first-line <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> therapies, particularly in Egypt, where dual resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin exceeds 55 % and dual clarithromycin–metronidazole resistance occurs in over 35 %. Vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, provides more potent and sustained acid suppression than proton pump inhibitors, enhancing eradication outcomes. This study evaluated a 14-day vonoprazan-based triple therapy for dual-resistant <em>H. pylori</em> infections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multicenter, single-arm cohort study was conducted between January 2023 and January 2024. A total of 300 patients with endoscopically confirmed <em>H. pylori</em> infection and dual resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin were enrolled. Patients received vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily, amoxicillin 1 g twice daily, and metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for 14 days. Eradication was assessed by monoclonal stool antigen testing at 4 weeks and 3 months per Maastricht VI guidelines. Endoscopic subgroups were analyzed histologically per Sydney criteria. Symptoms, laboratory indices, and safety were monitored.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Per-protocol eradication was 89.5 % (255/285) and intention-to-treat eradication was 82 % (246/300). Efficacy was consistent across endoscopic subgroups (atrophic gastritis 90 %; peptic ulcer 87 %; gastric polyps 83 %; all <em>p</em> &gt; 0.15). Symptom prevalence markedly decreased at 3 months: abdominal pain (79–7 %), bloating (55–3 %), and early satiety (64 % to 3 %) (all <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Laboratory improvements included reduced WBC (10.9–7.2 ×10 ³/µL), and increased hemoglobin (11.3–14.0 g/dL) and platelets (199.4–240.6 ×10 ³/µL) (all p &lt; 0.001). Adverse events occurred in 10 % (30/300), mostly Grade 1–2 (dry mouth 4 %, bloating 3 %, rash 2 %); three patients (1 %) had Grade 3 events. Diabetic patients had lower eradication than non-diabetics (88 % vs 95 %, <em>p</em> = 0.02).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Fourteen-day vonoprazan–amoxicillin–metronidazole achieved high eradication rates in dual-resistant <em>H. pylori</em> with substantial symptom and laboratory improvements and an acceptable safety profile. This regimen represents a viable salvage option where first-line therapies fail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103015"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D deficiency and respiratory health: A narrative review bridging gaps in public health through innovative strategies and sustainable solutions","authors":"Wei Li ,&nbsp;Xueqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Chunhong Liu ,&nbsp;Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji ,&nbsp;Thanh-Do Le ,&nbsp;Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu ,&nbsp;Joseph Opeolu Ashaolu","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health issue, highly prevalent in middle-income and Eastern Mediterranean countries. It is associated with increased risks of respiratory infections like COVID-19 and influenza, alongside osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Functioning as an immunomodulator, vitamin D enhances macrophage activity, suppresses inflammatory cytokines, and induces antimicrobial peptides. Observational studies link deficiency to a higher risk of infection, although clinical trial results are mixed. Risk factors include dark skin, older age, urban living, and reduced sun exposure. This narrative review synthesized findings from peer-reviewed literature (2000–2025) in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. It focuses on addressing respiratory infections associated with vitamin D deficiency through multifaceted public health strategies. These include policy-led food fortification, biofortification, public awareness campaigns, and technological innovations to increase dietary vitamin D intake and reduce the global burden of deficiency and respiratory infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103013"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, NSAIDs and liver abscess","authors":"Hon-Yen Wu ,&nbsp;Chun-Ru Hsu ,&nbsp;Ping-Hsiu Tsai ,&nbsp;Mei-Ju Ko ,&nbsp;Yu-Tsung Huang ,&nbsp;Chun-Hsing Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Liver abscess (LA) caused by <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> is endemic in Taiwan. This study aimed to clarify the associations between antibiotics, PPIs, and NSAIDs among patients hospitalized due to LA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This population-based, case-control study was conducted using the 2005 Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance, comprising 2 million insured individuals from 2000 to 2021. Individuals without LA were matched to adult LA patients by age and sex using propensity score matching (PSM). Exposure to antibiotics, PPIs, and NSAIDs within one year prior to diagnosis was assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After PSM, the data of 10,335 patients with liver abscess and 20,670 controls were analyzed. Within 7 days prior to hospitalization, univariate analysis showed significantly higher ORs of LA associated with 2nd/3rd generation cephalosporins (OR 181.91, 95 % CI 58.5–566.1), 1st generation cephalosporins (OR 18.5, 95 % CI 9.6–35.5), NSAIDs (OR 17.0, 95 % CI 11.7–24.8), amoxicillin/ampicillin with beta-lactamase inhibitors (OR 15.0, 95 % CI 7.5–30.0), PPIs (OR 9.5, 95 % CI 6.4–14.0), and fluoroquinolones (OR 9.2, 95 % CI 5.6–15.1). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that associations between LA and medication use persisted for NSAIDs, 2nd/3rd generation cephalosporins, and amoxicillin/ampicillin with beta-lactamase inhibitors up to one year prior to hospitalization.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PPIs, NSAIDs, and some antibiotics are significantly associated with increased risk of LA, necessitating cautious medication use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103012"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and concurrent infections in Delhi, India: A hospital-based study","authors":"Joseph Hawadak ,&nbsp;Anandi Goel ,&nbsp;Monika Matlani ,&nbsp;Mehvash Haider ,&nbsp;Loick Pradel Kojom Foko ,&nbsp;Vineeta Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Malaria remains a public health concern in India. Here, we analysed temporal trends, clinical features, concurrent infections, and determinants of malaria in patients in Delhi-based government hospital.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A longitudinal study was conducted between July 2022 and November 2023 in febrile patients attending a government hospital in Delhi. Clinical and biological examinations were done for each patient and screened for malaria parasites by rapid malaria antigen test and light microscopy, while concurrent infections were assessed by serological tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 4259 febrile patients were included among whom 87 (2.04 %) were infected with <em>Plasmodium vivax</em> and <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> malaria species involved in malaria cases. The clinical presentation of cases was diverse, with a dominance of chills (80.46 %), hepatosplenomegaly (64.37), myalgia (56.32 %), generalised body ache (54.02 %), and jaundice/icterus (51.72 %). A few <em>P. vivax</em>- and <em>P. falciparum</em>-induced severe malaria cases were reported, with severe anaemia being the most frequent severe form. Nearly 45 % of malaria cases were co-infected with another pathogen (i.e., dengue virus, chikungunya virus, and <em>Salmonella typhus</em>). The climatic period July - September (aOR = 2.18; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and being male (aOR = 1.42; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) were risk factors for malaria infection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>Plasmodium vivax</em> and <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> were found in 2.07 % patients with a slight increase between 2022 and 2023. None of the factors tested were found to be associated with co-infections (dengue, chikungunya, and typhoid fever) or severe malaria, but in contrast, the climatic period July - September and being male were risk factors for malaria infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue serotype dynamics in northeastern Peru: A study from the Amazonas region, 2021–2025","authors":"Milagros L. García-Córdova ,&nbsp;Luis M. Rojas ,&nbsp;Lizandro Gonzales ,&nbsp;Rafael Tapia-Limonchi ,&nbsp;Stella M. Chenet ,&nbsp;Christian J. Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In Peru, more than 270,000 dengue cases were reported nationwide in 2024, with 261 deaths, surpassing historical figures in various regions. The Amazonas region, located in northeastern Peru and home to an estimated 426,806 inhabitants, reported 1517 dengue cases in 2024. As of 2025, 1582 cases and 7 dengue-related deaths have already been reported. Dengue virus (DENV) serotype circulation patterns influence outbreak dynamics and disease severity. This study aimed to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of DENV serotypes and analyze their relationship with clinical and epidemiological characteristics in the Amazonas region of Peru from 2021 to 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An observational, retrospective, and analytical study was conducted using a clinical-epidemiological database of confirmed dengue cases reported between 2021 and 2025. Serotype distribution was analyzed using geographic mapping and time series. Associations between serotypes and clinical classification, incidence, and outbreak magnitude were assessed using ANOVA, chi-square, and logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A significantly heterogeneous distribution of DENV serotypes was observed across provinces (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). DENV-2 was the most prevalent serotype and was predominantly associated with large-scale outbreaks. DENV-1 and DENV-3 circulated less frequently. No significant association was found between serotype and clinical classification or overall incidence. However, prior dengue infection (based on clinical-epidemiological records that included self-report) was significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of developing warning signs (<em>p</em> = 0.032)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Between 2021 and 2025, the Amazonas region exhibited a spatiotemporally varied pattern of DENV serotype circulation, with DENV-2 as the dominant serotype linked to major outbreaks. While serotypes were not directly associated with clinical severity, previous infection (based on clinical-epidemiological records that included self-report) conferred partial protection against severe manifestations. These findings underscore the importance of continuous serotype surveillance to inform public health interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103009"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance pattern of enterococcus species among clinical isolates in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Farzaneh Jabbari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nikoohemmat ,&nbsp;Maryam Ahmadian ,&nbsp;Ali Akhgarzad ,&nbsp;Navid Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Farid Javandoust Gharehbagh ,&nbsp;Ilad Alavi Darazam","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis)</em> and <em>Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium)</em> are leading pathogens responsible for both community-acquired and nosocomial infections, with escalating antibiotic resistance reported worldwide. This meta-analysis evaluated resistance patterns in Iran by reviewing 46 studies published between 2017 and 2023, retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and national Iranian databases (SID, Magiran, Scimed). Among 2379 <em>E. faecalis</em> and 1219 <em>E. faecium</em> isolates, resistance was markedly higher in <em>E. faecium</em>. The highest resistance rate in <em>E. faecalis</em> was observed against trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (82.0 %), whereas <em>E. faecium</em> demonstrated the highest resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam (91.7 %). Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) prevalence was notably elevated (<em>E. faecium</em>: 52.3 %; <em>E. faecalis</em>: 15.8 %). Linezolid remained the most effective agent, with low resistance rates reported for <em>E. faecalis</em> (1.6 %) and <em>E. faecium</em> (3.1 %). These findings highlight a critical level of antimicrobial resistance in clinical Enterococcus isolates in Iran, underscoring the urgent need for strengthened infection control measures and comprehensive antibiotic stewardship policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 12","pages":"Article 103006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological characterization and seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus in the United Arab Emirates: A five-year study at a tertiary care hospital, 2018–2022","authors":"Heba A. Alamiri ,&nbsp;Sara Hamwi ,&nbsp;Mohammed T. Alsamri ,&nbsp;Ghassan Ghattasheh ,&nbsp;Ghaith Al Aryan ,&nbsp;Huda Ali ,&nbsp;Sarah Alaa ,&nbsp;Aminu S. Abdullahi ,&nbsp;Rami H. Al-Rifai ,&nbsp;Hassib Narchi ,&nbsp;Ahmed R. Alsuwaidi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in infants and young children. Understanding its epidemiological patterns is essential for guiding preventive strategies. This study examined the epidemiology and seasonality of RSV over a-five-year period - before and during the COVID-19 pandemic - at a tertiary hospital in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Medical records of children ≤ 5 years tested for RSV at Tawam Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022 were reviewed. Duplicate samples within four weeks were excluded, with PCR prioritized over antigen results. Both RSV-A and RSV-B types were analyzed. Season onset was defined as two consecutive weeks with RSV positivity &gt; 3 % (PCR) or &gt; 10 % (antigen). The association between RSV type and both hospitalization and hospital length of stay was investigated. Data were analyzed by year, RSV type, month, and epidemiological week.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 39,760 RSV tests (24,924 PCR; 14,836 antigen) were performed on 15,326 unique children. Testing increased over time, and the median age of screened children rose from 11 months (2018) to 15 months (2022). Overall RSV positivity was 11 % (2018), 11 % (2019), 2.9 % (2020), 16 % (2021), and 6.1 % (2022). RSV-A predominated in 2020–2021, while RSV-B was more common in 2022. RSV seasonality shifted during the pandemic, with delayed onset in 2020–2021, but returned to pre-pandemic timing in 2022. Of 2189 RSV-associated hospitalizations, 60.2 % occurred during 2021–2022. Infants &lt; 6 months had the longest hospital stays (mean 5.8 days). Although RSV type was not associated with the length of hospital stay, infection with RSV-B was significantly associated with 6.7-times higher odds of hospitalization (aOR: 6.71; 95 % CI: 5.26–8.66; P &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study underscores the impact of COVID-19 on RSV seasonality in the UAE and highlights the need for sustained surveillance to optimize RSV prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 12","pages":"Article 103007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}