Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Response to the letter to the editor","authors":"Richard E. Grewelle, Giulio A. De Leo","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 7","pages":"Article 103248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147874212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: “Estimating the infection fatality rate of emerging diseases using a regression approach applied to global COVID-19 cases”","authors":"Nana Owusu-Boaitey, Anton Barchuk","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 7","pages":"Article 103243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How likely is non-inferiority? A Bayesian reappraisal of 7-day antibiotic trials in bacteremia","authors":"Tristan T. Timbrook, Elizabeth A. Neuner","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 7","pages":"Article 103266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High treatment success among individuals with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Botswana: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Tuelo Mogashoa ,&nbsp;Justice T. Ngom ,&nbsp;Ontlametse T. Choga ,&nbsp;Johannes Loubser ,&nbsp;Phenyo Sabone ,&nbsp;Tuduetso Molefi ,&nbsp;Topo Makhondo ,&nbsp;One Stephen ,&nbsp;Joseph M. Makhema ,&nbsp;Rosemary M. Musonda ,&nbsp;Keabetswe Fane ,&nbsp;Simani Gaseitsiwe ,&nbsp;Rob M. Warren ,&nbsp;Sikhulile Moyo ,&nbsp;Anzaan Dippenaar ,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Streicher","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) remains a global health challenge, which is often characterized by limited treatment options and increased morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in diagnostics and the introduction of new drug regimens, treatment success for drug-resistant TB remains low. There is limited data on clinical, sociodemographic, and microbiological factors that influence patient outcomes. The aim of the study is to evaluate TB treatment outcomes among individuals diagnosed with RR-TB and to identify predictors of favourable and unfavourable treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective study to analyse treatment outcomes of 162 individuals diagnosed with RR-TB using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) from 2016 to 2023. Treatment outcome proportions were estimated using the binomial exact method with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Predictors associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes were assessed using logistic regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 162 individuals, 102(62.7 %) were male with a median age of 39 (interquartile range (IQR): 29–50). Most individuals, 78(48.1 %), were from the Greater Gaborone health district, and 88(54.3 %) were people living with HIV (PLWH). Among included individuals, 137(84.6 %, 95 % CI: 78.2–89.7) were successfully treated. Males had higher odds of unfavourable treatment outcomes compared to females (OR = 1.70; 95 % CI: 0.73–3.98). Among those cured, a slightly higher proportion was observed among PLWH (71.8 %, 95 % CI: 62.1–80.3) compared to people not living with HIV (PNLWH) (69.2 %, 95 % CI: 58.7–78.5). However, the mortality rate was higher among PLWH (10.7 %; 95 % CI: 5.5–18.3) than among PNLWH (6.6 %; 95 % CI: 2.5–13.8). Those with a history of TB treatment had 1.03 odds of unfavourable treatment outcomes (95 % CI: 0.40–2.73); however, this association was not statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study shows a high rate of successful treatment outcomes among individuals with RR-TB, with no significant difference based on sex, TB treatment history, or HIV status. Higher mortality among PLWH highlights the need for targeted interventions among high-risk groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent predictor of severe pertussis in children: A 17-year retrospective cohort study","authors":"Chengxia Li ,&nbsp;Caopei Zheng ,&nbsp;Ling Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Miaotian Cai ,&nbsp;Yulin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite the widespread implementation of vaccination programs, pertussis continues to spread and remains a major health threat to infants. The present study aimed to identify risk factors of severe pertussis in children to inform clinical decision-making and the development of prevention strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study included data from paediatric patients diagnosed with pertussis at Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing, China), between January 2006 and December 2023. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of severe pertussis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess discriminative performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data from 219 children with pertussis were divided in 2 groups according to predefined clinical criteria: severe (n = 21) and non-severe (n = 198). Compared with non-severe cases, severe cases experienced longer hospital stays (median 12 versus [vs.] 8 days) and higher rates of fever, cyanosis, sputum production, and respiratory distress. Marked inflammatory differences were observed, as follows: higher neutrophil counts (median 6.83 vs. 3.65 ×10⁹/L); elevated C-reactive protein (median 3.50 vs. 1.00 mg/L); procalcitonin (median 0.12 vs. 0.04 ng/mL); increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; median 0.61 vs. 0.29); and a lower lymphocyte percentage (median 56.9 % vs. 69.5 %) (all p &lt; 0.05). Multivariable analysis identified elevated NLR as an independent predictor of severe pertussis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.884; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.157–3.066; P = 0.011). ROC curve analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.745 (95 % CI 0.640–0.850), with an optimal NLR cut-off of 0.475, yielding a sensitivity of 66.7 % and a specificity of 75.5 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Elevated NLR was an independent predictor of severe pertussis in children. Future multicentre prospective studies with standardised follow-up periods are warranted to validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular analysis of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh","authors":"Hanan O. Alshammari ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Albarrag ,&nbsp;Ihab M. Moussa ,&nbsp;Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq ,&nbsp;Sumayh A. Aldakeel ,&nbsp;Ali M. Somily","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Carbapenem-resistant <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (CRPA) presents a significant obstacle to effective antimicrobial treatment, particularly when resistance is driven by carbapenemase-producing strains (CPPA). While global carbapenem resistance rates in <em>P. aeruginosa</em> vary widely, from 10 % to 50 %, understanding local and regional patterns is crucial for guiding antimicrobial stewardship efforts. We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize the genetic mechanisms of resistance in CRPA isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From 2019–2021, 221 <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates were collected from clinical specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using VITEK®2 and E-test. Sixty-six isolates were randomly selected for carbapenemase gene detection via whole-genome sequencing (WGS) after DNA extraction (QIAamp® kit).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Whole-genome sequencing identified a predominance of intrinsic <em>β</em>-lactamases particularly OXA-50–like enzymes, including OXA-50, OXA-486 (53 %), OXA-488, and OXA-485) do not exhibit clinically significant carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity. In contrast, OXA-10 and OXA-232 are acquired OXA-type <em>β</em>-lactamases and are not intrinsic to <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. True carbapenemases were infrequently detected and were limited to IMP-34 (6 %) and VIM-28 (1.5 %). Notably, DHA-1 was identified for the first time in Riyadh. AmpC-like <em>β</em>-lactamases, such as PDC-3, were detected in 45.4 % of isolates. Class A extended-spectrum <em>β</em>-lactamases (ESBLs), including GES-14 (4.5 %) and VEB-9 (7.6 %), were also detected but are not considered carbapenemases. Predominant sequence types (STs) included ST357 (9.8 %), ST235 (8 %), and ST260 and ST244 (6.5 % each). High-risk clones, particularly ST235 and ST357, exhibited elevated carbapenem MICs attributable to the combined effects of intrinsic <em>β</em>-lactamase expression, efflux pump overexpression, and outer membrane permeability defects, rather than carbapenemase production alone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Carbapenem resistance in the studied <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates was predominantly mediated by intrinsic resistance mechanisms, including OXA-50–like and AmpC <em>β</em>-lactamases, together with efflux pump overexpression and permeability defects. True carbapenemases were infrequently detected and were limited mainly to IMP-34 and VIM-28. High-risk clones such as ST235 and ST357 exhibited elevated carbapenem MICs largely independent of carbapenemase production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Target product profile to guide development of next generation diagnostic test for Salmonella enterica: Responding to the crisis of drug resistant typhoid","authors":"Hina Singh ,&nbsp;Monica Sharma ,&nbsp;Kriti Sikri ,&nbsp;Veeraraghavan Balaji ,&nbsp;Camilla Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Nitin Bansal ,&nbsp;Neelam Taneja ,&nbsp;Bhawna Yadav ,&nbsp;Kamini Walia","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A rapid point-of-care diagnostic test is essential for detecting and differentiating <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovars Typhi and Paratyphi while also assessing antimicrobial susceptibility to support evidence-based treatment in low-resource settings. This manuscript outlines the key features of an ideal Target Product Profile (TPP) for a typhoid diagnostic that integrates antimicrobial susceptibility testing , addressing the needs of patients in resource-limited low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The TPP has been developed through a two-round Delphi survey, incorporating feedback from key stakeholders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Antibody detection tests currently available and used in endemic LMICs, suffer from challenges due to pre-existing titres from past infections or vaccinations. Next generation of antibody detection diagnostics tests can achieve enhanced accuracy by amending the threshold values and/or combining with other biomarkers. Molecular techniques such as CRISPR-based detection, droplet digital PCR, recombinase polymerase amplification, helicase-dependent amplification and loop-mediated isothermal amplification have the potential to revolutionise detection of typhoid by improving precision and speed of diagnosis. These nucleic acid-based methods offer high sensitivity and specificity while overcoming the limitations of antigen and antibody based tests, which are prone to false positives and cross-reactivity. To enable effective antimicrobial resistance detection, the test should incorporate key antibiotic resistance markers as these are crucial for tracking emerging multidrug-resistant <em>Salmonella enterica</em> strains and guiding appropriate treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Integrating molecular antimicrobial resistance detection with pathogen identification, can prove to be transformative for clinical management of typhoid in low resource settings and have direct impact on rising drug resistant typhoid rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to isolated bronchial infection caused by Mycobacterium marseillense in a patient with GATA2 missense mutation: A rare case report","authors":"Siyao Wu,&nbsp;Zhiyi He,&nbsp;Meihua Li,&nbsp;Wen Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Mycobacterium marseillense</em> is a recently recognized member of the <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> complex, which may be misdiagnosed or overlooked due to its nonspecific clinical manifestations. Few studies on <em>M. marseillense</em> have been reported.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We report a case of a patient infected with <em>M. marseillense</em> who subsequently developed secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). Relevant medical records, including demographic data, medical history, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, imaging features, treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes, were retrieved from the hospital’s unified electronic medical record system and systematically summarized for analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A 17-year-old Chinese female was admitted to the hospital due to recurrent fever, cough, and expectoration. Laboratory analyses revealed reductions in white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, hemoglobin levels, B cell counts, and NK cell counts, as well as decreased natural killer cell activity. Additionally, elevated levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor, serum ferritin, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were observed. Bone marrow aspiration found hemophagocytic histiocytes. Chest CT demonstrated bronchial stenosis in the right upper lobe with distal occlusion and atelectasis. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy identified a mass completely obstructing the right upper lobe bronchial lumen, with adherent purulent secretions on its surface. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples, and <em>M. marseillense</em> was identified. Following combined treatment with anti-NTM therapy, leucogen and prednisone for sHLH, the patient exhibited clinical improvement and was subsequently discharged from the hospital. After four months of regular therapy, the patient's infectious condition showed improvement upon follow-up evaluation. However, peripheral blood counts of monocytes, B cells, and NK cells remained persistently below the normal reference range. Whole exome sequencing revealed that the patient harbored a <em>GATA2</em> variant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Isolated bronchial infections caused by <em>M. marseillense</em> may also lead to sHLH. Although <em>M. marseillense</em> is rare, clinicians should remain vigilant for this potentially severe complication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics in the treatment of helicobacter pylori infection: A bibliometric analysis from 2001 to 2025","authors":"Qi-Qi Guo ,&nbsp;Huan Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei-Yue Li ,&nbsp;Dan-Yang Zhao ,&nbsp;Meng-Qi Liang ,&nbsp;Rong Yan ,&nbsp;Xiao-Jing Zhu ,&nbsp;Yong-Quan Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H. pylori</em>) infection is widespread in about half of the world's population, and it has become a major public health problem. There are more and more probiotic studies on the management of <em>H. pylori</em>. This study uses bibliometric analysis to show the current pattern and development trend of research on <em>H. pylori</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected the publications about <em>H. pylori</em> and probiotics from the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC), and the database was established until July 11th, 2025. We use MicrosoftExcel to organize a preliminary quantitative overview, CiteSpace and VOSviewer to visualize the writer network, keyword co-occurrence and organization distribution in more detail.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This bibliometrics research contains 295 publications, all of which were published between 2001 and 2025. According to the analysis results, the number of papers in this field is on the rise, and China ranks first in the number of publications and citations. In this field, <em>Helicobacter</em> magazine ranks first in the number of publications and citations, Qinggu and Koga Kanghong are the most active researchers . The most frequently cited paper is \"Effects of different probiotic preparations on the side effects related to the treatment of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em>: a parallel group, triple blind and placebo-controlled study\". In recent years, the mechanism of probiotics in the treatment of <em>H. pylori</em> has been a research focus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study constitutes the first bibliometric analysis specifically dedicated to research at the intersection of <em>H. pylori</em> and probiotics. By comprehensively synthesizing the current landscape of probiotic research in <em>H. pylori</em> prevention and management, we have delineated the core research orientations and emerging frontiers in this domain. This work offers valuable empirical support to assist researchers in staying abreast of the latest advancements and accelerating the translational development of probiotics in <em>H. pylori</em> eradication strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brucella vs. tuberculous central nervous system infection in a tertiary medical center in Lebanon: A case series","authors":"Hiba Abou Layla ,&nbsp;Maya Dagher ,&nbsp;Sara F. Haddad ,&nbsp;Elio R. Bitar ,&nbsp;Abdel Hadi Shmoury ,&nbsp;Johnny Zakhour ,&nbsp;Zeina A. Kanafani ,&nbsp;Ghenwa K. Dakdouki ,&nbsp;Souha S. Kanj","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurobrucellosis (NB) and Neurotuberculosis (NT) are rare central nervous system infections, but pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. If not diagnosed and treated early, they can have high mortality. Clinical presentations for both are nonspecific, mimicking diverse pathologies. Therefore, it is crucial to identify distinguishing features to ensure timely treatment. We conducted a retrospective review of cases of NB and NT admitted to the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) between January 1982 and December 2022, identifying 20 patients with NT, and five cases of NB. Their presentation and diagnostic work-up were compared. NT patients were mostly male and presented earlier than NB patients (median symptom duration 150 days). Patients with NT had higher rates of systemic and neurologic symptoms compared to NB. Both groups had hyponatremia. NB patients had higher cerebrospinal fluid lymphocyte counts. Imaging in NT revealed diverse brain abnormalities such as hydrocephalus and small nodules whereas mostly meningeal enhancement in NB. Despite severe presentations no 30-day mortality occurred in either group. Neurological complications were more frequent in NT. Finally, NT patients generally present earlier with more severe symptoms than NB. Due to overlapping features but differing treatments, larger scale studies are crucial to better understand and manage these infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}