Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Virucidal activity of tiliacorinine, dioscorine, racemosol, and terrein against influenza A virus (H1N1), coronavirus 229E, SARS-CoV-2, and enterovirus 71","authors":"Akanitt Jittmittraphap ,&nbsp;Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong ,&nbsp;Piyawan Meechokedee ,&nbsp;Siriporn Chattanadee ,&nbsp;Narin Thippornchai ,&nbsp;Sanya Sureram ,&nbsp;Chulabhorn Mahidol ,&nbsp;Somsak Ruchirawat ,&nbsp;Prasat Kittakoop","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and Disease X, which was detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in early December 2024, underscore the importance of developing new virucidal, antiviral, and antimicrobial compounds. The virucidal activity of natural products, including tiliacorinine (<strong>1</strong>), dioscorine (<strong>2</strong>), racemosol (<strong>3</strong>), and terrein (<strong>4</strong>), against influenza A virus (H1N1), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and enterovirus 71 (EV71) were evaluated using the American Society for Testing and Materials E1053–20 method. Racemosol (<strong>3</strong>) from <em>Bauhinia malabarica</em> had the most potent virucidal activity against the H1N1, HCoV-229E, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, followed by terrein (<strong>4</strong>), a metabolite of the fungus <em>Aspergillus terreus</em>. Racemosol (<strong>3</strong>) exhibited virucidal activity with a log reduction of 4 (99.99 % viral reduction) against H1N1, HCoV-229E, and SARS-CoV-2 at a concentration of 0.1250 mg/mL. The alkaloids tiliacorinine (<strong>1</strong>) from <em>Tiliacora triandra</em> and dioscorine (<strong>2</strong>) from <em>Dioscorea hispida</em> exhibited weaker virucidal activity than racemosol (<strong>3</strong>) and terrein (<strong>4</strong>). Compounds <strong>1</strong>, <strong>2</strong>, and <strong>4</strong> showed weak virucidal activity against the EV71 virus, while racemosol (<strong>3</strong>) displayed moderate activity with a log reduction of 3.813 at the concentration of 0.1250 mg/mL. This work underscores the importance of natural products as sources of virucidal agents, which may be useful for the future threats of emerging and re-emerging viral diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine effectiveness of JCOVDEN single-dose against COVID-19 hospitalisation in Europe: An id.DRIVE test-negative case-control study","authors":"Chloé Wyndham-Thomas ,&nbsp;E. Claire Newbern ,&nbsp;Ainara Mira-Iglesias ,&nbsp;Akshat Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Alejandro Orrico Sánchez ,&nbsp;Andrés Antón ,&nbsp;Charlotte Martin ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Icardi ,&nbsp;Irma Casas ,&nbsp;Kok Yew Ngew ,&nbsp;Laura Drikite ,&nbsp;Leonie de Munter ,&nbsp;Gerrit Luit ten Kate ,&nbsp;Nikki Vroom ,&nbsp;Sebastian Baumgartner ,&nbsp;Susana Otero-Romero ,&nbsp;Xavier Holemans ,&nbsp;Kaatje Bollaerts ,&nbsp;Nicolas Praet","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>JCOVDEN (Ad26.COV2.S), a viral-vector vaccine, was granted conditional marketing authorisation in the European Union for the prevention of COVID-19 in early 2021. We present JCOVDEN single-dose vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates against COVID-19 hospitalisation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The id.DRIVE (previously COVIDRIVE) COVID-19 VE study is an ongoing European non-interventional, multi-centre study with a test-negative case-control design. Study participants were adults ≥ 18 years old, hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection between 1 May 2021 and 28 February 2023. Estimated as a single measure over the entire study period, VE was stratified by risk group, time since vaccination intervals (14 days-12 weeks, 12-to-25 weeks, 25-to-52 weeks, &gt;52 weeks), SARS-CoV-2 variant and calendar time categories. All estimates were adjusted for symptom-onset date, age, sex, and number of pre-defined chronic conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, VE was 55.6 % (95 % CI 23.6; 74.2) for a median time since vaccination of 146 days. For 18- to 49-year-olds, VE was 61.6 % (95 % CI 16.2; 82.4), 57.7 % (95 % CI 3.4; 81.5) for 50- to-64-years-olds, and 40.8 % (95 % CI −6.0; 66.9) for ≥ 65-year-olds. Most precise estimates were obtained for time since vaccination 12-to- 25-week interval (59.2 % [95 % CI 25.0; 77.8]) and for the calendar time period 1 Aug 2021 −30 Nov 2021 (Delta predominant; 51.2 % [95 % CI 21.7; 69.6]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The JCOVDEN single-dose protected against COVID-19 hospitalisation. It is effective for at least six months, with VE estimates comparatively lower in the older age groups. Results had low to medium levels of certainty and are to be interpreted with caution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 5","pages":"Article 102700"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between respiratory pathogens and severe clinical outcomes in people living with HIV-1 and pulmonary infections: A 180-day longitudinal cohort study","authors":"Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Cao ,&nbsp;Qi Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Huang ,&nbsp;Pan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenlan Zhang ,&nbsp;Boqi Li ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Biao Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Song ,&nbsp;Erik De Clercq ,&nbsp;Guangdi Li ,&nbsp;Fang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many respiratory pathogens have been identified in people living with HIV-1 and pulmonary infection, but their impact on clinical outcomes remains largely unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Metagenomic sequencing and traditional laboratory diagnostics were applied to identify bacterial, viral, and fungal respiratory pathogens. Clinical outcomes were assessed by (i) mortality or ICU transfer during hospitalization, and (ii) 30-day re-hospitalization and 180-day mortality after hospital discharge.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Microbiological analyses of bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens in 237 in-patients with HIV-1 and pulmonary infections revealed <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> (58 %) as the most prevalent respiratory pathogen, followed by <em>Cytomegalovirus</em> (39 %), <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosi</em>s (22 %), <em>Talaromyces marneffei</em> (17 %), and <em>Epstein-Barr virus</em> (16 %). Fifty-six patients (24 %) were coinfected with bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens, referred to as bacterial+fungal+viral coinfections. Risk factors for bacterial+fungal+viral coinfections (RR=8.41, 95 %CI: 4.2–14.3), severe pneumonia (RR=13.6, 95 %CI: 8.14–19.3), and elevated C-reactive protein levels (RR=6.42, 95 %CI: 1.58–10.13) were significantly associated with mortality or ICU transfer during hospitalization. After hospital discharge, 38 patients (16 %) were rehospitalized within 30 days. Antiretroviral therapy reduced the risk of 30-day rehospitalization (HR=0.21, p = 0.01). During the 180-day follow-up, 13 patients (5.5 %) died. Survival analyses identified severe pneumonia and age ≥ 60 years as risk factors for 180-day mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Multiple pulmonary coinfections are associated with severe outcomes in in-patients with HIV-1 infection. Effective management of both HIV-1 and pulmonary infections is crucial to reduce hospitalization rates and mortality risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102694"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 case fatality rate and infection fatality rate from 2020 to 2023: Nationwide analysis in Austria","authors":"Uwe Riedmann ,&nbsp;Alena Chalupka ,&nbsp;Lukas Richter ,&nbsp;Martin Sprenger ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Rauch ,&nbsp;Robert Krause ,&nbsp;Peter Willeit ,&nbsp;Harald Schennach ,&nbsp;Bernhard Benka ,&nbsp;Dirk Werber ,&nbsp;Tracy Beth Høeg ,&nbsp;John PA Ioannidis ,&nbsp;Stefan Pilz","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Comprehensive analyses of COVID-19 case fatality rates (CFRs) and infection fatality rates (IFRs) that span the entire pandemic are not yet available but critical to retrospectively evaluate the COVID-19 disease burden and its related public health policies. We used nationwide individual participant data from Austria, the continental country with the highest SARS-CoV-2 testing rate per capita, to calculate COVID-19 CFR and estimate IFR covering the entire pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective observational study included all Austrian residents and covered the time from February 2020 to May 2023, examining CFRs overall, monthly, and during dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant periods. CFRs were calculated for the whole population and stratified according to immunization status (presence of previous vaccination and/or infection), age, gender and nursing home residency. We additionally estimated the IFRs based on estimations of undocumented infections using a test positivity model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall CFR of 30-day COVID-19 mortality was 0.31 % but varied depending on month, with the highest being 5.9 % in April 2020 and the lowest 0.07 % in January 2022. The variant periods reflected this trend of decreasing CFR, with the highest for Wuhan-Hu-1 (2.05 %) and the lowest for BA.1 (0.08 %). Overall CFRs were particularly high in the group without any previous immunizing event (0.67 %), the elderly (85 + year group: 7.88 %) and in nursing home residents (7.92 %). Nursing home residents accounted for 30.82 % of all COVID-19 deaths while representing only 1.22 % of diagnosed infections. Total SARS-CoV-2 infections were estimated to be 47 % higher than confirmed cases with a corresponding overall IFR of 0.16 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This estimation of nationwide CFR and IFR across the entirety of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic gives crucial insights into the period-dependent variability of the severity of diagnosed COVID-19 cases and its risk factors. Our findings further underline the disproportionate severity of COVID-19 among the elderly and especially nursing home residents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102698"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review, Meta-analysis, and Pan-genome analytics predict the surging of Brucella melitensis by China and India-specific strains, elucidating the demand for enhanced preparedness","authors":"Ashwini Mallappa ,&nbsp;Suresh Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa ,&nbsp;Rajeshwari Shome ,&nbsp;Sharanagouda S. Patil ,&nbsp;Raghavendra G. Amachawadi ,&nbsp;Kumar S.K. Mohan ,&nbsp;Sudarshan Peramachanahalli Venkatesh ,&nbsp;Varsha Ramesh ,&nbsp;Yamini Sri Sekar ,&nbsp;Hariprasad Thippeswamy ,&nbsp;Archana Veeranagouda Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Brucellosis is an infectious disease in lower to moderate-income countries. It primarily affects small ruminant (sheep and goat) populations and can also be transmitted to mammals (humans). <em>Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis)</em> is the primary cause, posing a zoonotic threat. Controlling the spread of <em>B. melitensis,</em> especially in regions with high risk to humans and small ruminants, remains challenging. Current research explores the prevalence, genetic diversity, and prediction of brucellosis transmission in ruminants and humans.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we developed an integrated database providing information on <em>B. melitensis</em> incidence in livestock from 2003 to 2024 and a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence by following the Cochran collaborators’ Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using reputable sources. These included reputable sources of electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Biomed Central, CeRA, Krishikosh, ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses Global, and Web of Science, complemented by the Google Scholar search engine. We also utilized Zotero 5.0 and Rayyan QCR, two web-based tools. Time series model to predict incidence trends and pan-genomic analysis to determine genetic diversity across Asia and Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Meta-analysis revealed an overall prevalence of 12 % of which the African continent rose at 7 % (95 % CI: 5–8 %, I² = 99 %, τ² = 0.03, P = 0), while the corresponding prevalence in the Asian continent constituted 12 % (95 % CI: 11–14 %, I² = 99 %, τ² = 0.02, P = 0). The Time series model predicts a rising trend in brucellosis incidence from 2023 to 2030. The pan-genome analysis identified Rev 1 (0.000712) strain from China and the CIIMS-PH-3 (0.000209) strains from India showed the highest branch length, considered to have more genetic diversity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings underscore the critical need for ongoing surveillance models and research to monitor the evolving <em>B. melitensis</em> landscape. High-prevalence regions exhibit significant genetic diversity. Effective prevention &amp; control and response &amp; preparedness strategies, including precise detection through advanced diagnostics, robust surveillance models to track trends, and targeted vaccination of susceptible animals, are vital. Stringent quarantine protocols, biosecurity measures, and exploring herbal remedies as a complementary approach to conventional treatment are crucial to mitigate the brucellosis burden as a public health concern and its socioeconomic impact on livelihood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102693"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of putative antibiotic resistance determinant and virulence factors genes of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from intensive care unit patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Faris A. Alanazi ,&nbsp;Khalid S. Almaary ,&nbsp;Turki M. Dawoud ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. El-Tayeb ,&nbsp;Yahya B. Elbadawi ,&nbsp;Ayman S. Mubarak ,&nbsp;Ali M. Somily","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Multidrug resistance <em>in Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii)</em> is a major global health threat. The resistance in <em>A. baumannii</em> is attributed to numerous factors, including antimicrobial resistance and virulence-determinant genes. Hence, the present study aimed to screen antibiotic resistance and virulence factors genes in 67 <em>A. baumannii</em> strains isolated from patients admitted to several hospitals in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The <em>A. baumannii</em> isolates were confirmed by the VITEK-2 automated system and 16S rRNA phylogenetic relatedness. The phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns of these isolates were also analyzed using conventional and molecular methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our finding showed that 94 % of isolated strains were MDR, and more than 94 % were resistant to the β-lactams group, particularly carbapenems, and the ciprofloxacin group. An intermediate resistance pattern was obtained with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (71.6 %) and gentamicin (59.7 %). The lowest resistant patterns showed with colistin (5 %). The distribution of of resistance genes <em>oxa</em>-<em>23</em>, <em>imp</em>-<em>like</em>, <em>oxa</em>-<em>24</em>-<em>like</em>, <em>tem</em>, <em>oxa</em>-<em>40</em>, <em>carb</em>, <em>oxa</em>-<em>58</em>, <em>floR</em>, <em>dfrA1</em> and <em>qnrS</em> were 100 %, 76.1 %, 64.1 %, 25.3 %, 23.8 %, 16.4 %, 14.9 %, 44.7 %, 5.9 % and 2.9 %, respectively. The distribution of virulence genes <em>baP</em>, <em>pld</em>, <em>paaE</em>, and <em>surA1</em> was 98.5 %, followed by <em>basD</em>, <em>traT</em>, <em>Omp33–36</em>, and <em>bauA</em> were 97 %, 77.6 %, 74.4 %, and 64.1 %, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study showed a strong relationship between virulence factors, especially biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii in human infections around the Red Sea","authors":"Ayan A. Ragueh ,&nbsp;Ibrahim S. Abdallah ,&nbsp;Rachid M. Mouhoumed ,&nbsp;Mohamed H. Aboubaker ,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Rolain ,&nbsp;Seydina M. Diene","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence and global spread of carbapenemase-producing bacteria (CPB) is of great concern to public health. Carbapenemase enzymes, which can hydrolyse almost all <em>β</em>-lactams, can be readily transferred between bacterial species through recombinant plasmids, transposons, or integrons. Human infections caused by CPB have limited treatment options and are associated with high mortality rates. These enzymes are mainly identified among <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> and non-fermenter bacteria such as <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> and are associated either with hospital- or community-acquired infections. Located at the crossroads of the Middle East, Europe, and Africa, the countries around the Red Sea are of interest due to their great diversity and mix of populations. This review aims to describe the epidemiology of carbapenem resistance in <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> and <em>A. baumannii</em> around the Red Sea, with country-specific findings. In this study, we emphasise the urgent need to screen for and detect these enzymes to prevent their spread and to maintain control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102692"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of ESBL resistance genes and fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with chronic kidney disease at the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala, Littoral Region, Cameroon","authors":"Ballue S.T. Dadjo ,&nbsp;Armelle T. Mbaveng ,&nbsp;Michael F. Kengne ,&nbsp;Ornella D. Tsobeng ,&nbsp;Giresse D.T. Fonjou ,&nbsp;Victor Kuete","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium capable of causing severe infections in immunocompromised patients such as those suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to determine the resistance profile of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, and the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) resistance genes in patients with chronic kidney disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The prevalence of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> was investigated in 458 patients, including 197 CKD patients and 261 patients suffering from gastrointestinal infections. The study was conducted at Laquintinie Hospital in Douala from January 2022 to December 2023. Stool samples were used to isolate <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> on Cetrimide agar. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) resistance genes were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of fecal carriage of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> was 9.17 % (n = 42/458), including twenty-nine (69.05 %) in patients with chronic kidney disease and thirteen (30.95 %) in patients without chronic kidney disease. The <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> isolates had a high rate of resistance to ceftazidime (72.41 %) in patients with CKD compared to patients without CKD (69.23 %). All isolates had a high resistance to ticarcillin (93.10 % and 92.31 %). The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> isolates was 73.81 %. The MDR <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> were higher (70.97 % <em>vs.</em> 29.03 %) in patients suffering from CKD compared to patients without CKD. Up to 85.71 % of the <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> isolates harbored at least one ESBL gene. The <em>bla</em>_TEM type gene (66.67 %) was the most frequently detected gene, followed by <em>bla</em>_CTX-M (61.90 %) and <em>bla</em>_SHV (47.62 %). ESBL resistance genes were more common in CKD patients (72.22 %) compared to patients without CKD (27.78 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results demonstrate that antibiotics belonging to the carbapenem and aminoglycoside classes could be used for <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> infection. This highlights the importance of regular surveillance of multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase production for <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> infections in patients with chronic kidney disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102651"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on testing, positive cases, patient characteristics, and hospital contacts for respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, and pneumococcus in Danish children","authors":"Andreas Jensen ,&nbsp;Lone Graff Stensballe","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Respiratory infections substantially impact pediatric health. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced widespread non-pharmaceutical interventions, which influenced the incidence of common respiratory infections. This comprehensive study investigates the impact of these interventions on the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, and invasive pneumococcal disease in Danish children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a descriptive study based on a cohort of 1,790,464 Danish children from 2012 to 2022. We analyzed data from microbiology tests and hospital contacts to assess infection rates and testing patterns before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationships between testing and sex, age groups, chronic disease status, and hospital contacts were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We observed a marked decrease in cases of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, and pneumococcus disease during the lockdown period. Once restrictions were lifted, there was a substantial resurgence in these infections. The frequency of testing for respiratory pathogens increased over time, with a rising proportion of healthy individuals without underlying chronic disease being tested. The proportion of positive tests linked to hospital contacts varied: there was a notable decline for respiratory syncytial virus and influenza post-lockdown, while pneumococcus cases continued to be strongly linked to hospital contacts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights the impact of COVID-19 interventions on the epidemiology of pediatric respiratory infections, revealing a pattern of decreased incidence during lockdowns followed by a resurgence. More tests were carried out among an increasing proportion of healthy individuals. Such changes in testing practices and changing characteristics of tested populations have implications for understanding post-pandemic infection trends and healthcare resource allocation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102660"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks associated with Coxsackievirus A-24 in India, 2023","authors":"Nutan A. Chavan ,&nbsp;Pooja Shinde ,&nbsp;Sanjaykumar Tikute ,&nbsp;Rajlakshmi Vishwanathan ,&nbsp;Avinash R. Deoshatwar ,&nbsp;Yogesh K. Gurav ,&nbsp;Rishabh Waghchaure ,&nbsp;Nishat H. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Vannavada S. Rani ,&nbsp;Vikram Khan ,&nbsp;Aditya Kelkar ,&nbsp;Harsh H. Jain ,&nbsp;Amita Jain ,&nbsp;Mallika Lavania ,&nbsp;Babasaheb V. Tandale","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), commonly called pink eye, saw an alarming increase in incidence from July to September 2023 in different parts of India. Pink eye occurrences had reportedly increased three to four times more than in prior years, raising concerns among the community and healthcare professionals. This study aimed to identify the aetiological agent associated with AHC in 2023, genetically characterize the agent and describe the clinical presentation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From July to September 2023, 300 ocular and throat swab samples were collected from patients with AHC across various regions of India, including Maharashtra, Daman &amp; Diu, Delhi, Lucknow, and Hyderabad. These samples represented a diverse geographic spread of the condition. The swabs were examined for qRT-PCR analyses, to detect adenovirus and enterovirus. Following this, conserved regions within the enteroviral 5′-UTR and VP2/3 C gene were further investigated for serotype identification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Enterovirus was found in 52.6 % (158 out of 300) of the patients. Among the enterovirus-positive samples, coxsackievirus-A24 was present in every positive sample.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The rise in AHC cases in India in 2023 was attributed to the Coxsackievirus-A24 strain GIV C5.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}