Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Regulatory mechanism of the oprM gene in colistin resistance of acinetobacter baumannii","authors":"Ling Wang ,&nbsp;Yuting Wang ,&nbsp;Huihuang Xu ,&nbsp;Wenjie Li ,&nbsp;Junshan Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is a serious clinical concern. This study aimed to identify resistance-related genes and assess their effects on resistance, growth, and pathogenicity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bioinformatics combined with machine learning identified candidate genes, validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The oprM gene was deleted in a colistin-resistant strain (COL-R) to obtain COL-R-ΔoprM. Minimum inhibitory concentration, growth, and biofilm formation were measured. A mouse lung infection model compared bacterial burden, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathology among the ATCC standard strain, COL-R, and COL-R-ΔoprM, with or without colistin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The oprM gene and F3P16_RS16375 were identified as candidate genes, with oprM expression markedly upregulated in induced COL-R. Deletion of oprM reduced the colistin MIC, and impaired biofilm formation. In vivo, COL-R-ΔoprM showed lower lung bacterial loads than COL-R strains. Compared with the corresponding infection group, the COL-R-∆oprM + COL group significantly reduced the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, improved lung tissue damage, and effectively reduced the bacterial load in lung tissue (P &lt; 0.01), while there was no significant difference in all aspects of the COL-R + COL group (P &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The oprM gene is a crucial determinant of colistin resistance in AB. Its deletion restores colistin susceptibility, impairs biofilm formation, and attenuates virulence. Targeting oprM may provide a promising approach for treating colistin-resistant AB infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular markers in diagnostics of fungi and fungal mycotoxins: A narrative review","authors":"Maryam Meskini ,&nbsp;Mina Rezghi Rami ,&nbsp;Rezvan Tavakoli ,&nbsp;Masoumeh Salami","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungi have dual impacts on human life, providing biotechnological benefits while posing health risks through mycotoxin production. These toxic secondary metabolites contaminate food and feed, causing serious health issues. This narrative review highlights detection and diagnostic strategies for mycotoxigenic fungi and their toxins. Literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2020–2024) was reviewed using keywords such as \"mycotoxins,\" \"fungal diagnostics,\" \"biosensors,\" and \"CRISPR.\" Analytical quantification relies mainly on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lateral flow assays enable rapid screening. Molecular tools, including polymerase chain reaction, microarrays, and next-generation sequencing, enhance the accuracy of fungal identification. Emerging platforms (CRISPR-based assays, biosensors, aptamers, and electronic noses) offer the potential for portable, real-time detection. Key challenges involve reducing assay costs, improving sensitivity in complex matrices, and harmonizing international standards. Integrating molecular and analytical approaches can strengthen early-warning systems to limit the health and economic burdens of mycotoxin contamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145668410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Staphylococcus capitis proto-NRCS-A clone among colonizing isolates from healthy individuals in Japan","authors":"Mina Hirose ,&nbsp;Meiji Soe Aung ,&nbsp;Yukito Hirose ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Nakanishi ,&nbsp;Taisei Kato ,&nbsp;Akihiro Ichimura ,&nbsp;Yoshihito Kurashige ,&nbsp;Sayaka Sakakibara ,&nbsp;Erika Minowa-Suzuki ,&nbsp;Masato Saitoh ,&nbsp;Noriko Urushibara ,&nbsp;Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya ,&nbsp;Nobuhide Ohashi ,&nbsp;Nobumichi Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>S. capitis</em> is among the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and a commensal bacterium in humans. However, a virulent clone designated NRCS-A has been reported to be responsible for outbreaks of neonatal sepsis, primarily in Europe. This clone harbors virulence factors <em>nsr</em> and <em>tarJ</em>, and carries a type V SCC<em>mec</em>, showing multiple antimicrobial resistance. This study explored the prevalence of the (proto-)NRCS-A clone in healthy individuals and their genetic characteristics in Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Staphylococci colonizing on the hand skin and the oral cavity of healthy individuals were isolated and analyzed for the species/subspecies by sequencing of 16S rRNA and <em>arcC</em>. The presence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance-associated genes were detected by PCR and sequencing. <em>S. capitis</em> isolates were genetically classified by double-locus (<em>arcC</em>-<em>rpoB</em>) sequence typing and peptide profile of PSMβ.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 221 isolates of CoNS (19 species) recovered from 444 healthy adults, 82 isolates were identified as <em>S. capitis</em>. Virulence factors associated with the NRCS-A clone, i.e., <em>nsr</em>, <em>tarJ</em>, and <em>ebh</em> were detected in 29 %, 11 %, and 51 % of isolates, respectively, while <em>mecA</em>/SCC<em>mec</em> V was positive in only one isolate harboring solely <em>tarJ</em>. <em>arcC</em> and <em>rpoB</em> were classified into 14 and 10 allelic types, respectively. PSMβ consisted of 3, 4, or 6 units of 44 amino acid-peptide, forming eight different profiles. Both virulence factors <em>nsr</em> and <em>tarJ</em> were detected in 5 isolates (6 %), among which two isolates had the same PSMβ profile and <em>arcC</em>-<em>rpoB</em> types as those of the NRCS-A clone prototype strain CR01. The <em>mecA</em>-positive isolate was classified into the same <em>arcC</em>-<em>rpoB</em> lineage as that of CR01.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study revealed that SCC<em>mec</em>-negative <em>S. capitis</em> with <em>nsr</em>/<em>tarJ</em> (proto-NRCS-A clone) is distributed at low prevalence to healthy individuals in Japan. These isolates belonged to <em>arcC</em>-<em>rpoB</em> lineages close to that of the NRCS-A clone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145668415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE OF HIGH-RISK CLONES OF KLEBSIELLA PNUEMONIAE IN THE UAE AND ASSOCIATION WITH RESISTANCE AND VIRULENCE","authors":"Lana Daoud,&nbsp;Akela Ghazawi,&nbsp;Farah Al-Marzooq","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103097"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RSV-associated hospitalizations in Bangladeshi children under five: Unveiling the disease burden","authors":"Mst. Noorjahan Begum ,&nbsp;Yeasir Karim ,&nbsp;Sabik Khair ,&nbsp;Sumaiya Binte Hannan ,&nbsp;Selim Reza Tony ,&nbsp;Nure Sharaf Nower Samia ,&nbsp;Mohammad Jubair ,&nbsp;Shaheen Alam ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hridoy Patwary ,&nbsp;Anisuddin Ahmed ,&nbsp;Md Ariful Islam ,&nbsp;Tanzir Ahmed Shuvo ,&nbsp;Manjur Hossain Khan Jony ,&nbsp;Tahmina Shirin ,&nbsp;Fahmida Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Firdausi Qadri ,&nbsp;Mustafizur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections among children under five years of age globally. Despite its significant health burden, data on RSV infection in this age group in Bangladesh are limited. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of RSV among hospitalized Bangladeshi children under five years of age and to explore its distribution across key demographic factors, including age, sex, and geographic region.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We designed the study based on the hospital-based influenza surveillance conducted by icddr,b, enrolling children who presented with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) or influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms. Both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs from each participant were collected and subjected to real-time RT-PCR for RSV detection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From October 2022 to December 2024, we enrolled 8203 patients with SARI and ILI, of whom 2758 tested positive for RSV. RSV was detected at a significantly higher proportion among SARI cases 2583 (36 %), compared to ILI cases 175 (16 %) (p &lt; 0.001). Infants under six months exhibited the highest infection proportion (44 %), with prevalence decreasing with age. RSV activity in Bangladesh begins in the southern districts in August and peaks nationwide between October and December.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights a significant RSV burden among children less than six months of age with SARI. These findings emphasize the need for targeted age-specific control measures to reduce hospitalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant pertussis in infants: 4 new cases in French Guiana","authors":"Cédric Ngila Lubunu ,&nbsp;Christelle Samou-Fontcho ,&nbsp;Urbain Agbessy Awanou ,&nbsp;Narcisse Elenga","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malignant pertussis is a severe form of pertussis characterized by respiratory distress, polyvisceral failure, and marked hyperlymphocytosis. It typically presents with profound leukocytosis, pulmonary hypertension, and respiratory failure. We report four cases of malignant pertussis in young infants. One patient underwent exchange transfusion. The case fatality rate was 50 %. Preventing these severe and often fatal cases—associated with high mortality and significant intensive care costs—relies primarily on vaccination. Immunization should be ensured for all infants and extended to adults at risk of transmitting the infection to unimmunized infants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SURGICAL GURARDING INFECTION RISK SCORE (SGIRS) TO REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AMONGST LSCS PATIENT OUTCOMES AND BEST PRACTICES","authors":"Zizi Wanis ,&nbsp;Salam Alhasani ,&nbsp;Amr Elmekresh","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPREHENSIVE GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF VANCOMYCIN- AND DAPTOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM BACTEREMIA IN A HIGH-RISK PATIENT","authors":"Akela Ghazawi ,&nbsp;Ashrat Manzoor ,&nbsp;Maryam AlAzri ,&nbsp;Noura AlNuaimi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Al Hammadi ,&nbsp;Mushtaq Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative overview of Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger: Pathogenicity, resistance, and public health significance","authors":"Affan Rafique ,&nbsp;Sabrina Sharmin ,&nbsp;Asef Raj ,&nbsp;Ammarah Laaika Mohiuddin ,&nbsp;Md. Iftekhar Al Mahmud ,&nbsp;Humair Bin Md Omer","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungal diseases represent a major global health challenge, with <em>Aspergillus</em> species like <em>A. fumigatus</em>, <em>A. flavus</em>, and <em>A. niger</em> acting as key opportunistic pathogens. These fungi cause a spectrum of illness from allergy to life-threatening invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. This review synthesizes evidence (2000–2025) on their pathogenicity, resistance, and clinical impact, providing a comparative analysis of species-specific differences in conidial morphology, secondary metabolite production, and virulence factors such hydrophobins, galactosaminogalactan, melanin, siderophores, biofilms. The increasing threat of triazole resistance, fueled by environmental fungicide use and climate change, is critically examined. The review also summarizes the current antifungal therapies (polyenes, triazoles, echinocandins) and investigational drugs, highlighting the urgent need for improved surveillance, stewardship and diagnostics, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, to guide targeted management and reduce the global burden of aspergillosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of four zoonotic viral diseases in camels in Qatar","authors":"AlMaha A. AlSaiari ,&nbsp;Nada M. Al-Karbi ,&nbsp;Maria K. Smatti ,&nbsp;Ahmed Gawish ,&nbsp;Nahla O. Eltai ,&nbsp;Asmaa A. Althani ,&nbsp;Hadi M. Yassine","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Understanding the dynamics of zoonotic diseases is integral to the One Health approach, as it guides strategies to mitigate the impact of infections on both animal and human health. In Qatar, the circulation of many zoonotic viral infections among animals remains unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of four zoonotic viral diseases in camels in Qatar: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), in addition to three arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses): [West Nile virus (WNV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV)].</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 186 camel samples were collected from 23 farms at six municipalities in Qatar between 2019 and 2021. Specific anti-virus IgG or IgM antibodies were detected using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, we found a high seroprevalence of MERS-CoV IgG in camels (95.1 %), followed by CCHFV IgG (56 %) and WNV IgG (23.3 %). On the other hand, the seropositivity of anti-RVFV IgG was 1.7 %, and none of the tested samples exhibited RVFV-reactive IgM antibodies. Moreover, 97 (52.2 %) camel samples tested positive for at least MERS-CoV- and CCHFV-reactive antibodies. Seroprevalences were comparable irrespective of the animals’ sex. Although MERS-CoV exposure was high in all age groups (&gt;92 %), a statistically significant difference in the anti-MERS-CoV IgG ELISA OD values was observed between samples collected from camels aged 10 years or above compared to those below the age of 5 years (<em>p</em> = 0.018).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study provided evidence of a relatively high ratio of exposure to MERS-CoV, CCHFV, and WNV in camels in Qatar. To better understand these zoonotic viral diseases, additional studies involving larger animal populations, investigating vector dynamics, and monitoring livestock movements in and out of the country are imperative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}