Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"MERS-CoV remains a persistent threat amid global events","authors":"Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq , Sameera Al Johani , Ziad A. Memish","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102487","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002211/pdfft?md5=6868b28e265837bae1b453a273ce24d9&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002211-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, genetic characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococcal isolates from oral cavity and skin surface of healthy individuals in northern Japan","authors":"Mina Hirose ,&nbsp;Meiji Soe Aung ,&nbsp;Yusuke Fujita ,&nbsp;Sayaka Sakakibara ,&nbsp;Erika Minowa-Suzuki ,&nbsp;Maiko Otomo ,&nbsp;Yoshihito Kurashige ,&nbsp;Masato Saitoh ,&nbsp;Yukito Hirose ,&nbsp;Nobumichi Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Oral cavity is an ecological niche for colonization of staphylococci, which are a major bacterial species causing community-acquired infections in humans. In this study, prevalence, and characteristics of staphylococci in oral cavity and skin of healthy individuals were investigated in northern Japan.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Saliva from oral cavity and swab from skin surface of hand were collected and cultured on selective media. Species of the isolates were identified genetically, and ST was determined for <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>S. argenteus</em>. Genes associated with antimicrobial resistance were detected by PCR.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 166 participants, a total of 75 <em>S. aureus</em> isolates were obtained from 61 individuals (37 %), and recovered more frequently in oral cavity (n = 48) than skin (n = 27). Among 23 STs identified in <em>S. aureus</em> isolates, ST8 (CC8), ST15 (CC15), and ST188 (CC1) were the most common (10 isolates each), with STs of CC1 being dominant (17 isolates). Methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> (MRSA) was isolated in the skin of two individuals and belonged to ST1 and ST6. Resistance to erythromycin and gentamicin associated with <em>erm(A)</em> and <em>aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2”)-Ia</em>, respectively, was more commonly found in ST5 and ST8 isolates. One <em>S. argenteus</em> isolate (ST2250, <em>mecA</em>-negative) was recovered from oral cavity of a participant (0.6 %). A total of 186 isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were recovered from 102 participants and identified into 14 species, with <em>S. warneri</em> being the most common (n = 52), followed by <em>S. capitis</em> (n = 42), <em>S. saprophyticus</em> (n = 20) and <em>S. haemolyticus</em> (n = 19). <em>mecA</em> was detected in <em>S. saprophyticus</em>, <em>S. haemolyticus</em>, and <em>S. caprae</em>, while arginine-catabolic mobile element (ACME) in only <em>S. capitis</em> and <em>S. epidermidis</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>S. aureus</em> was more prevalent in oral cavity than skin surface, belonging to three major STs, with CC1 being a dominant lineage. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was distinct depending on CoNS species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002223/pdfft?md5=c42c6948699c14c1cf765eeb776b4158&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002223-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and risk factors of infections following kidney transplantation","authors":"Nouf E Alotaibi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>For patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), kidney transplantation stands as the superior alternative to dialysis, exhibiting enhancements in both quality of life and survival rates. The objective of this study is to ascertain the prevalence of infections and associated risk factors within the initial two years post-renal transplant.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A retrospective study of all renal transplant recipients who underwent renal transplantation at king Abdullah medical city in Makkah, Saudi Arabia from January 1st, 2018, till end of December 2021 followed up for two years.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 43 patients were included in the study, The participants who experienced infectious episodes had a higher mean age, averaging 45.26 ± 14, in contrast to those who did not, averaging 38.75 ± 12. Most of the patients included in the study were male, 70 % of the total population. However, most infectious complications occurred in women (77 % vs. 30 %, respectively, p-value 0.004). Regarding the mode of dialysis before the transplantation, most of the patients were maintained on hemodialysis (76.7 %), and the mean duration of dialysis was longer on those presented with infections within two years post-transplant compared to those without it (3.26 ± 1.6 vs. 2 ± 1.14 years respectively). The incidence of the infections was 44.2 % (19 individuals). The most common presented infections in the patients within two years post renal transplant were urinary tract infections (20.9 %), with a high recurrence rate reaching 11.6 %. This was followed by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study sheds light on the prevalence of infectious complications following renal transplantation and highlights specific risk factors associated with these infections. Understanding these patterns can aid in the development of preventive strategies and optimized care for transplant recipients during the early post-transplant period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002259/pdfft?md5=b023cf8cefc0df3ed3991fbeeead4ec4&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002259-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141600251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay of co-infections in shaping COVID-19 severity: Expanding the scope beyond SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Budhadev Baral ,&nbsp;Vaishali Saini ,&nbsp;Meenakshi Kandpal ,&nbsp;Pratik Kundu ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Dixit ,&nbsp;Hamendra Singh Parmar ,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar Meena ,&nbsp;Pankaj Trivedi ,&nbsp;Hem Chandra Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High mortality has been reported in severe cases of COVID-19. Emerging reports suggested that the severity is not only due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also due to coinfections by other pathogens exhibiting symptoms like COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, simultaneous respiratory coinfections with various viral (<em>Retroviridae, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae,</em> and <em>Picoviridae</em>) and bacterial (<em>Mycobacteriaceae, Mycoplasmataceae, Enterobacteriaceae</em> and <em>Helicobacteraceae</em>) families have been observed. These pathogens intensify disease severity by potentially augmenting SARSCoV-2 replication, inflammation, and modulation of signaling pathways. Coinfection emerges as a critical determinant of COVID-19 severity, principally instigated by heightened pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, as cytokine storm. Thereby, in co-infection scenario, the severity is also driven by the modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways by both pathogens possibly associated with interleukin, interferon, and cell death exacerbating the severity. In the current review, we attempt to understand the role of co- infections by other pathogens and their involvement in the severity of COVID-19.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102486"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187603412400220X/pdfft?md5=b5aee0762bf1687dd2ddc0a6bf13dc71&pid=1-s2.0-S187603412400220X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral toxoplasmosis mimicking stroke in a woman living with undiagnosed HIV","authors":"Yulai Kang ,&nbsp;Xinqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Mei Huang ,&nbsp;Chunhua Tang ,&nbsp;Lili Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic pathogen that can intrude into the blood-brain barrier and reside in the brain only with low inflammatory reaction. When infected with HIV, the immune system becomes severely compromised and leads to the reactivation of latent toxoplasmosis infection, which can mimic the clinical manifestation of stroke. We report a case of a 65-year-old female patient who presented with sudden right limb weakness, walking difficulty, and numbness without other typical symptoms, raising suspicion of acute ischemic stroke. The HIV serology returned positive, which expedited the diagnostic workup for opportunistic infection. Combining imageological examination and metagenomics next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid, HIV-associated cerebral toxoplasmosis was confirmed. The patient underwent treatment for toxoplasmosis and HIV. Six months after onset, the patient can walk independently but still exhibits weakness in the right upper limb. In HIV-infected patients, cerebral toxoplasmosis, particularly presenting as isolated stroke-like episodes, poses a more significant challenge, emphasizing the need for more thorough investigations to reduce the potential for misdiagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002119/pdfft?md5=b591c57911f41f6731a78aa27727062f&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002119-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV diagnosis in Equatorial Guinea. Keys to reduce the diagnostic and therapeutic delay","authors":"Ana Rodríguez-Galet ,&nbsp;Judit Ventosa-Cubillo ,&nbsp;Verónica Bendomo ,&nbsp;Manuel Eyene ,&nbsp;Teresa Mikue-Owono ,&nbsp;Jesús Nzang ,&nbsp;Policarpo Ncogo ,&nbsp;Agustín Benito ,&nbsp;África Holguín","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In Equatorial Guinea, only 54 % of people living with HIV know their HIV status. There are no confirmatory or molecular diagnostic techniques for early diagnosis or monitoring of infection in the country. Rapid diagnostic tests can induce false-positive diagnoses if used as a confirmatory technique. Our study aimed to identify the challenges of early HIV diagnosis in Equatorial Guinea by analyzing the rate of false positive diagnoses, diagnostic and therapeutic delays, and treatment failures among those on antiretroviral therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>From 2019–2022, dried blood from 341 children, adolescents and adults diagnosed in Equatorial Guinea as HIV-positive by rapid diagnostic testing, and from 54 HIV-exposed infants were collected in Bata and sent to Madrid to confirm HIV-infection by molecular (Xpert HIV-1Qual, Cepheid) and/or serological confirmatory assays (Geenius-HIV-1/2, BioRad). HIV diagnostic delay (CD4 &lt;350cells/mm³), advanced disease at diagnosis (CD4 &lt;200cells/mm³) and antiretroviral treatment delay and failure (viraemia &gt;1,000RNA-HIV-1-copies/ml) were also studied after viral quantification (XpertVL HIV-1, Cepheid).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>False-positive diagnoses were identified in 5 % of analysed samples. HIV infection was confirmed in 90.5 % of previously diagnosed patients in Equatorial Guinea and 3.7 % of HIV-exposed children undiagnosed in the field. Two-thirds of each new HIV patient had delayed diagnosis, and one-third had advanced disease. Treatment delay occurred in 28.3 % of patients, being around four times more likely in adolescents/adults than children. More than half (56 %) of 232 treated patients presented treatment failure, being significantly higher in children/adolescents than in adults (82.9 %/90 % <em>vs</em>. 45.6 %, p &lt; 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We identified some challenges of early HIV diagnosis in Equatorial Guinea, revealing a high rate of false positive diagnoses, diagnostic/treatment delays, and treatment failures that need to be addressed. The implementation of more accurate rapid diagnostic techniques and confirmatory tests, along with improving access to care, treatment, awareness, and screening, would contribute to controlling the spread of HIV in the country.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102476"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002107/pdfft?md5=eb2c404e2c731cb61e2eaefeb3624eb1&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002107-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141423799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial selective pressure using the multicenter semiautomatic surveillance system Japan surveillance for infection prevention and healthcare epidemiology","authors":"Kayoko Hayakawa ,&nbsp;Yusuke Asai ,&nbsp;Taichi Tajima ,&nbsp;Mio Endo ,&nbsp;Jun Kawabata ,&nbsp;Naoki Fujii ,&nbsp;Mikiyo Sakaguchi ,&nbsp;Haruhiko Ishioka ,&nbsp;Shinya Tsuzuki ,&nbsp;Nobuaki Matsunaga ,&nbsp;Norio Ohmagari ,&nbsp;Haruhisa Fukuda","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Evaluating the selective pressure of antimicrobials on bacteria is important for promoting antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). The aim of this study was to assess the selective pressure of antimicrobials by evaluating their use (carbapenem [CBP] and CBP-sparing therapy) over time and the detection status of CBP-resistant organisms using multicenter data.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Among the facilities whose data were registered in the Japan Surveillance for Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology from 2017 to 2020, those that had data on the use of CBP and CBP-sparing therapy (fluoroquinolones [FQs], cefmetazole [CMZ], piperacillin–tazobactam [PIP/TAZ], ampicillin–sulbactam [ABPC/SBT], ceftriaxone/cefotaxime [CTRX/CTX], CAZ (ceftazidime), cefepime [CFPM], and aminoglycosides [AGs]) as well as on CBP-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and CBP-resistant <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (CRPA) detection were included. Alcohol-based hand rubbing (ABHR) usage was also analyzed. Regression analyses, including multivariable regression analysis, were performed to evaluate trends. The association of antimicrobial use density (AUD) with CRE and CRPA detection rates was evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In 28 facilities nationwide, CBP, FQ, CAZ, AG, and PIP/TAZ use decreased over the 3-year period, whereas the use of CMZ, ABPC/SBT, CTRX/CTX, CFPM, and ABHR as well as the rates of CRE and CRPA detection increased. The average AUD did not significantly correlate with CRE and CRPA detection rates. The multivariable regression analysis did not reveal any significant correlation between each AUD or ABHR and CRE or CRPA detection.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>CBP and ABHR use showed a decreasing and an increasing trend, respectively, while CRPA and CRE detection rates exhibited a gradual increase. The considerably low CRE and CRPA detection rates suggest that slight differences in numbers may have been observed as excessive trend changes. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate selective pressure while considering the characteristics of ASP and the mechanisms underlying resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102474"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002089/pdfft?md5=d5901e3952b1a82a719210d130001585&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002089-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141400351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 cases admitted to adult intensive care units during the pandemic: A single center experience","authors":"Majid M. Alshamrani ,&nbsp;Aiman El-Saed ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Alalmai ,&nbsp;Mohammed Abdulrahman Almanna ,&nbsp;Saad Mohammed Dhafer Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Mohammed Saad Asiri ,&nbsp;Sulaiman Saleh Almasoud ,&nbsp;Fatmah Othman","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>COVID-19 is the largest recorded pandemic in history. It causes several complications such as shock, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and organ failure. The objective was to determine COVID-19 outcomes and risk factors in the intensive care (ICU) setting.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted. Adult patients with a positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19 admitted to ICUs of a tertiary care hospital between 2020 and 2022 were included. Patients who had severe complex trauma were excluded. The outcomes examined included ventilation use and duration, length of stay (LOS), and mortality.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 964 patients were included. The mean ( ± standard deviation, SD) age was 63.7 ± 16.9 years. The majority of the patients were males (59.0 %) and Saudi (75.7 %). Ventilation use was documented in 443 (57.1 %) patients, with a mean ( ± SD) ventilation duration of 9.7 ± 8.4 days. Death occurred in 361 (37.4 %) patients after a mean ( ± SD) of 33.3 ± 44.5 days from infection. The mean ( ± SD) LOS was 30.6 ± 54.1 days in hospital and 5.2 ± 5.4 days in ICU. Ventilation use was associated with older age, males, longer ICU LOS, mortality, and admission to medical-surgical ICU. Crude mortality use was associated with older age, longer ICU LOS, use of ventilator, shorter ventilation duration, and admission to medical-surgical or respiratory ICUs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>COVID-19 patients admitted to adult ICUs are at high risk of death and mechanical ventilation. The crude risks of both outcomes are higher in older age and longer ICU LOS and are very variable by ICU type.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002090/pdfft?md5=285551c8bdcf2d8902a382e004cabcb5&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002090-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is syphilis infection a risk factor for cervicovaginal HPV occurrence? A case-control study","authors":"Napoleão Moura Dias Neto ,&nbsp;Vanessa Gonçalves Nunes Moura Dias ,&nbsp;Denise Maria Christofolini","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Syphilis and human papillomavirus (HPV) are sexually transmitted infections affecting women in the same risk group. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of HPV in a population of women with and without syphilis and observe the characteristics of HPV cervical lesions when coinfection occurs. Sociodemographic factors associated with coinfection were also evaluated. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at a Brazilian HIV/STD testing and training center. Study groups were composed of women with (case) and without syphilis (control), paired by age. The presence of HPV, HPV subtype, and lesion severity were investigated. All women were subjected to a sociodemographic interview, clinical data collection, cell collection for cytopathological analysis, and a hybrid capture test for HPV diagnosis. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The sample consisted of 176 women, 88 in each group. The prevalence of HPV was 14.8 % in the case (n = 13) and 18.1 % in the control group (n = 16), and there was no statistically significant difference between them. Illiterate individuals were more prevalent in the control group (p = 0.023). Considering women with suggestive signs of STIs, 30 % (6) of the patients and controls had high-risk HPV, and 15 % (3) had coinfection. The cytopathological assessment showed no differences between the groups concerning cellular atypia. However, ASC-US and ASC-H (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and high-grade) were only found in women with coinfections, with 75 % of these patients testing positive for high-risk HPV. Considering the distribution of lesions on the cervix, the HSIL (high-grade intraepithelial lesion) was assessed in high-risk HPV patients, both cases and controls. Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV was not increased in patients infected with syphilis. In addition, coinfection does not seem to be an aggravating factor for the presence of precursor lesions of cervical cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102472"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002065/pdfft?md5=e48165f8d4782966e8d1fc13f9280cd1&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002065-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141390515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation of next-generation polyvalent vaccine candidates against three important poxviruses by targeting DNA-dependent RNA polymerase using an integrated immunoinformatics and molecular modeling approach","authors":"Anuj Kumar ,&nbsp;Mansi Dutt ,&nbsp;Budheswar Dehury ,&nbsp;Gustavo Sganzerla Martinez ,&nbsp;Krishna Pal Singh ,&nbsp;David J. Kelvin","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Poxviruses comprise a group of large double-stranded DNA viruses and are known to cause diseases in humans, livestock animals, and other animal species. The Mpox virus (MPXV; formerly Monkeypox), variola virus (VARV), and volepox virus (VPXV) are among the prevalent poxviruses of the <em>Orthopoxviridae</em> genera. The ongoing Mpox infectious disease pandemic caused by the Mpox virus has had a major impact on public health across the globe. To date, only limited repurposed antivirals and vaccines are available for the effective treatment of Mpox and other poxviruses that cause contagious diseases.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The present study was conducted with the primary goal of formulating multi-epitope vaccines against three evolutionary closed poxviruses i.e., MPXV, VARV, and VPXV using an integrated immunoinformatics and molecular modeling approach. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (DdRp), a potential vaccine target of poxviruses, has been used to determine immunodominant B and T-cell epitopes followed by interactions analysis with Toll-like receptor 2 at the atomic level.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Three multi-epitope vaccine constructs, namely DdRp_MPXV (V1), DdRp_VARV (V2), and DdRp_VPXV (V3) were designed. These vaccine constructs were found to be antigenic, non-allergenic, non-toxic, and soluble with desired physicochemical properties. Protein-protein docking and interaction profiling analysis depicts a strong binding pattern between the targeted immune receptor TLR2 and the structural models of the designed vaccine constructs, and manifested a number of biochemical bonds (hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and non-bonded contacts). State-of-the-art all-atoms molecular dynamics simulations revealed highly stable interactions of vaccine constructs with TLR2 at the atomic level throughout the simulations on 300 nanoseconds. Additionally, the outcome of the immune simulation analysis suggested that designed vaccines have the potential to induce protective immunity against targeted poxviruses.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Taken together, formulated next-generation polyvalent vaccines were found to have good efficacy against closely related poxviruses (MPXV, VARV, and VPXV) as demonstrated by our extensive immunoinformatics and molecular modeling evaluations; however, further experimental investigations are still needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 7","pages":"Article 102470"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002041/pdfft?md5=96e58a513696a5dedb56c74b878d91fa&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002041-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}