Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Association between human leukocyte antigen alleles and COVID-19 disease severity","authors":"Ali Hajeer ,&nbsp;Dunia Jawdat ,&nbsp;Salam Massadeh ,&nbsp;Nora Aljawini ,&nbsp;Malak S. Abedalthagafi ,&nbsp;Yaseen M. Arabi ,&nbsp;Manal Alaamery","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci have been widely characterized to be associated with viral infectious diseases. Several studies including various ethnic groups and populations suggested associations between certain HLA alleles and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the numerous associations identified, the role of HLA polymorphisms in determining the individual response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is controversial among different Saudi populations.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Here, we performed HLA typing by next-generation sequencing to investigate if variations in polymorphic HLA genes are linked to COVID-19 severity in the Saudi population. Namely, we analyzed HLA loci at allele level in 575 Saudi patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. HLA class I and class II frequencies in patients were compared with allele frequency data from healthy Saudi population.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>in our cohort HLA-A* 02:01:01 G was associated with mild disease but was not associated with moderate and severe disease. HLA-B* 51:01:01 G was protective from severe disease while HLA-B* 50:01:01 G, HLA-C* 06:02:01 G and HLA-DRB1 * 07:01:01 G were associated with risk to severe disease as well as the total COVID-19 cohort. HLA-DRB1 * 15:01:01 G was associated with risk to all severity groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>in conclusion, we found significant associations between HLA alleles and COVID-19 disease severity in Saudis. Further studies are warranted to include HLA typing in the workup for any new COVID-19 patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 9","pages":"Article 102498"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002326/pdfft?md5=7e6313c714f41d33d96daa6559291463&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002326-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemics and diversity of norovirus variants with acute gastroenteritis outbreak in Hongshan District, Wuhan City, China, 2021-2023","authors":"Dandan Xu ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Lingyan Han ,&nbsp;Ding Chen ,&nbsp;Wubo Bao ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Huawei Wang ,&nbsp;Jinglin Shui ,&nbsp;Ruyi Liang ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Yingle Liu ,&nbsp;Kun Cai ,&nbsp;Weihong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Norovirus is the predominant pathogen causing foodborne illnesses and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide, imposing a significant disease burden. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and genotypic diversity of norovirus outbreaks in Hongshan District, Wuhan City.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 463 AGE cases from 39 AGE-related outbreaks in Hongshan District between January 1, 2021, and June 30, 2023, were included in the study. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to identify norovirus types GI and GII in anal swab samples from all cases. Norovirus-positive samples were sequenced and analyzed for the open reading frame (ORF) 1/ORF2 hinge region.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>26 norovirus infectious outbreaks were reported among 39 acute diarrheal outbreaks, including 14 outbreaks in kindergartens, 8 in elementary schools, and 4 in universities. Based on clinical symptoms and epidemiological investigations, a total of 1295 individuals were identified as having been exposed to norovirus, yielding an attack rate of 35.75 %. A higher proportion of outbreaks was observed during the winter and spring seasons (38.46 %). Additionally, norovirus-positive samples were subjected to sequencing and analysis of the open reading frame (ORF) 1/ORF2 hinge region. Genotypic data for norovirus was successfully obtained from 18 (69.23 %) of the infectious outbreaks, revealing 10 distinct recombinant genotypes. GII.4 Sydney 2012 [P31] and GII.17[P17] were the predominant strains in 2021 and 2022, GII.3 [P12] emerged as the dominant strain in 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Norovirus outbreaks in Hongshan District predominantly occurred in crowded educational institutions, with peaks in the cold season and a high attack rate in universities. GII.3 [P12] has become the locally predominant strain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 9","pages":"Article 102499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002338/pdfft?md5=7ce3c518d490ff7993cfed308edca47f&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002338-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased risk of chronic fatigue syndrome following pneumonia: A population-based Cohort study","authors":"Han-Jen Hsu ,&nbsp;Hsun Chang ,&nbsp;Cheng-Li Lin ,&nbsp;Wei-Cheng Yao ,&nbsp;Chung-Lieh Hung ,&nbsp;Shin-Pin Pang ,&nbsp;Chien-Feng Kuo ,&nbsp;Shin-Yi Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been linked to several conditions, including infections, immune system changes, or emotional stress. Our study aimed to assess the risk of CFS after a pneumonia diagnosis using data from National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this nested case-control study, we identified 2,000,000 adult patients from a nationwide population-based health insurance claims database spanning from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2017. Each case diagnosed with a pathogenic infection was matched with a corresponding control using propensity scores. We excluded individuals under 20 years of age, those with a history of pathogenic infections before the index date, or those with more than one potential pathogen. To estimate hazard ratios (HR) and the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with their respective 95 % confidence intervals (CI), we applied univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. The multivariable analysis incorporated adjustments for age, sex, and comorbidity-related confounders.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The relationship between infection and the subsequent risk of CFS was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The incidence density rates were 6.13 and 8.70 per 1000 person‐years among the non‐pulmonary infection and pulmonary infection populations, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.4, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.32–1.5). Patients infected with <em>Pseudomonas</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em>, <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>, and influenza virus exhibited a significantly higher risk of CFS than those without these pathogens (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, patients with pneumonia had a significantly increased risk of thromboembolism compare with control group (p &lt; 0.05).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102495"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002296/pdfft?md5=ee087cf9361a5936bdddbf12c519e549&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002296-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141630892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of acute liver failure and its associated mortality in patients with dengue infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Wasit Wongtrakul ,&nbsp;Kantnatt Charatcharoenwitthaya ,&nbsp;Khemajira Karaketklang ,&nbsp;Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acute liver failure (ALF) is a devastating consequence of dengue infection. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the incidence of ALF in dengue infection and its associated mortality. We systematically searched the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases from inception to December 2023 for observational studies reporting ALF incidence and mortality in dengue patients. Twenty-one studies encompassing 26,839 dengue-infected patients were included. Meta-analysis revealed a pooled incidence of ALF in cases of general dengue infection of 2.0 % (95 % CI, 1.2–3.0 %), with 1.2 % (95 % CI, 0.6–2.1 %) in adults and 5.0 % (95 % CI, 1.5–10.2 %) in children. ALF incidence was 17.3 % (95 % CI, 6.5 %−31.5 %) in severe dengue and 7.4 % (95 % CI, 0.8–18.5 %) in dengue shock syndrome. The pooled mortality rate of dengue-associated ALF was 47.0 % (95 % CI, 32.9–61.2 %). These findings underscore the detrimental impact of dengue infection on the development of the relatively uncommon, albeit life-threatening, condition of ALF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002314/pdfft?md5=74d17169a1ad0d7b7af27b880447a8cc&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002314-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of monkeypox among people with and without HIV in Peru: a national observational study","authors":"Max Carlos Ramírez-Soto ,&nbsp;Hugo Arroyo-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In Latin America, Peru has the second highest number of cases of monkeypox (Mpox), of which more than 50 % are Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive. Here, we compared the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Mpox between people with and without HIV in Peru.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a national retrospective study using data on confirmed cases of Mpox reported by the Peruvian National Surveillance System from 15 June 2022 to 31 December 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 3561 confirmed cases of Mpox were included. Of these, 2123 (60 %) patients were people living with HIV (PLWH), with increased odds for those aged 30 years or older, homosexual (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.58 [6.95–10.59], p&lt;0.0001), bisexual (aOR=4.44 [3.46–5.69], p&lt;0.0001), sex workers (aOR=2.24 [1.07–4.68], p=0.032), people with a history of syphilis (aOR=2.07 [1.66–2.58], p&lt;0.001), and hospitalized (aOR=3.08 [2.03–4.68], p&lt;0.001). PLWH were more likely to have proctitis (aOR=1.73 [1.26–2.37], p=0.001). The overall mortality was 20 of 3561 (0.56 %). Among PLWH and Mpox, more deaths occurred in hospitalized (p&lt;0.001) and non-ART (p&lt;0.001) individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings highlight that HIV infection among Mpox cases in Peru is associated with high-risk sexual behaviour and a high likelihood of hospitalization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002284/pdfft?md5=f76920b8c3c8e6ca3cb5b5f5ac7bcfcf&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002284-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential impact of nirsevimab and bivalent maternal vaccine against RSV bronchiolitis in infants: A population-based modelling study","authors":"Mónica López-Lacort ,&nbsp;Ana Corberán-Vallet ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Santonja ,&nbsp;Cintia Muñoz-Quiles ,&nbsp;Javier Díez-Domingo ,&nbsp;Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A new monoclonal antibody (nirsevimab; Beyfortus®) and a bivalent prefusion RSV vaccine (Abrysvo®) for maternal immunization have been approved recently. This is a modelling study to estimate the potential impact of different immunization programs with these products on RSV-bronchiolitis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Population-based real-world data from primary care and hospitalizations were considered. RSV bronchiolitis dynamics in absence of these immunization scenarios were explained by a multivariate age-structured Bayesian model. Then, the potential impact was simulated under different assumptions including the most recent clinical trial data. Differences in endpoints, populations, and timeframes between trials make the two products’ efficacy difficult to compare.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A seasonal with catch-up program, assuming a constant effectiveness of 79.5 % during the first 5 months followed by a linear decay to 0 by month 10 with nirsevimab, would prevent between 5121 and 8,846RSV bronchiolitis per 100,000 infants-years. Assuming 77.3 % effectiveness with the same decay, between 976and 16,86RSV-hospitalizations per 100,000 infants-years could be prevented depending on the uptake. A year-round maternal immunization program, with 51 % of effectiveness during the first 6 months followed by a linear decay to 0 by month 10 would prevent between 3,246and 5,606RSV bronchiolitis cases per 100,000 infants-years. Assuming 56.9 % effectiveness with the same decay, between 713 and 1231 RSV-hospitalizations per 100,000 infants-years could be prevented.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results suggest that each strategy would effectively reduce RSV-bronchiolitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002260/pdfft?md5=e63986ac4a0de54c7f9089a5b5a4d6f4&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002260-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the path to excellence: Evaluation of the diagnostic and treatment tools for invasive fungal infections in the balkans","authors":"Nikola Pantić ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Barać ,&nbsp;Vasilika Mano ,&nbsp;Amela Dedeić-Ljubović ,&nbsp;Ivan Malkodanski ,&nbsp;Ozren Jaksić ,&nbsp;Despoina Gkentzi ,&nbsp;Mirjana Mitrović ,&nbsp;Oxana Munteanu ,&nbsp;Dijana Šišević ,&nbsp;Zlate Stojanoski ,&nbsp;Oana Popescu ,&nbsp;Jelena Todorović ,&nbsp;Oliver A. Cornely ,&nbsp;Jon Salmanton-García","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In the Balkans, rising concerns about invasive fungal infections over the past decade stem from various factors. Primarily, there has been a notable uptick in immunocompromised individuals, including those with chronic illnesses like immunological and hematological diseases. Thus, it is essential to assess the region's laboratory capabilities and the availability of antifungals. This evaluation is vital for gauging the preparedness to diagnose and treat fungal infections effectively, thus minimizing their public health impact.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data were collected via an online questionnaire targeting healthcare professionals specializing in relevant fields across diverse healthcare settings in Balkan countries. The survey covered various aspects, including diagnostic methods, imaging techniques, and available antifungal armamentarium.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Responses were obtained from 50 institutions across the Balkans. While conventional diagnostic methods like microscopy (96 %) and culture (100 %) diagnostics were widely available, access to newer diagnostic tools such as molecular assays (61 %) were limited, often relying on outsourced services. Imaging modalities like ultrasound (100 %) and CT scans (93 %) were universally accessible. A variety of antifungal drugs were available, including amphotericin B formulations (80 %), echinocandins (79 %), and triazoles (100 %). However, access to newer agents like posaconazole (62 %) and isavuconazole (45 %) was inconsistent. Therapeutic drug monitoring (53 %) services were also limited.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study underscores the need for equitable access to diagnostic facilities and antifungal treatments across healthcare settings in the Balkan geographic region. Improving access to molecular diagnostic tools and essential antifungal drugs, as well as implementing therapeutic drug monitoring, would optimize the management of fungal infections in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002272/pdfft?md5=ac8d82a1ecd297e08bda0459c1f13963&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002272-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of insularity on SARS-CoV-2 diffusion: Recapitulating three years of COVID-19 pandemic in the island of Sardinia","authors":"Nicole Grandi ,&nbsp;Roberto Cusano ,&nbsp;Giovanna Piras ,&nbsp;Maura Fiamma ,&nbsp;Maria Itria Monne ,&nbsp;Tatiana Fancello ,&nbsp;Jessica Milia ,&nbsp;Sandro Orrù ,&nbsp;Sante Scognamiglio ,&nbsp;Caterina Serra ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Mameli ,&nbsp;Sergio Uzzau ,&nbsp;Germano Orrù ,&nbsp;Angelo Domenico Palmas ,&nbsp;Salvatore Rubino ,&nbsp;Enzo Tramontano","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Italy has been the first European Country dealing with SARS-CoV-2, whose diffusion on the territory has not been homogeneous. Among Italian regions, Sardinia represented one of the lowest incidence areas, likely due to its insular nature. Despite this, the impact of insularity on SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity has not been comprehensively described.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In the present study, we performed the high throughput sequencing of 888 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected in Sardinia during the first 23 months of pandemics. In addition, 1439 high-coverage SARS-CoV-2 genomes circulating in Sardinia along three years (December 2019 – January 2023) were downloaded from GISAID, for a total of 2327 viral sequences that were characterized in terms of phylogeny and genomic diversity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, COVID-19 pandemic in Sardinia showed substantial differences with respect to the national panorama, with additional peaks of infections and uncommon lineages that reflects the national and regional policies of re-opening and the subsequent touristic arrivals. Sardinia has been interested by the circulation of at least 87 SARS-CoV-2 lineages, including some that were poorly represented at national and European level, likely linked to multiple importation events. The relative frequency of Sardinian SARS-CoV-2 lineages has been compared to other Mediterranean Islands, revealing a unique composition.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Sardinia has been shaped by a complex interplay of insular geography, low population density, and touristic arrivals, leading on the one side to the importation of lineages remaining rare at the national level, and resulting on the other side in the delayed entry of otherwise common variants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002302/pdfft?md5=b620e1250850ed543fb5e9ac8d97c651&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002302-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-hospital use of antibiotics in internal medicine: A cross-sectional study before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in a COVID-19-free ward","authors":"Francesco Bellanti,&nbsp;Aurelio Lo Buglio,&nbsp;Antonio Ricci,&nbsp;Anna Aquilino,&nbsp;Annamaria Labbate,&nbsp;Gianluigi Vendemiale","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted the use of antibiotics in hospitalized patients. However, most data on antibiotic therapy (AT) were recorded in COVID-19 settings. This study analyzed the appropriateness of AT in the real-world scenario of a COVID-19-free internal medicine ward before, during, and after the pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Clinical information of hospitalized patients was collected, and data related to AT prescription were analyzed. The appropriateness of AT was independently assessed by two specialists in internal medicine and infectious disease, combining evidence-based guidelines with a validated tool.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Records of 1249 patients were analyzed: AT was prescribed in 229 (55.2 %) patients before, 134 (53.2 %) patients during, and 315 (54.1 %) patients after COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, there was a decrease in monotherapy with 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, and an increase in β-lactams + β-lactamase inhibitors and antibiotic combinations. Furthermore, AT was longer and more expensive during the pandemic, with duration and cost remaining higher after its end. The inappropriateness of AT increased during and after COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, inappropriate AT was longer and more expensive than appropriate AT. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on changes related to AT type and antibiotic classes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The COVID-19 pandemic increased the inappropriateness of AT in a COVID-19-free internal medicine ward. Most modifications persist despite the end of pandemic, potentially leading to negative effects on in-hospital antimicrobial resistance. There is an urgent need to re-establish antimicrobial stewardship policies to address the longer-term global threat of antimicrobial resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002247/pdfft?md5=5afc8679cdac6b1f2903129a994ba41e&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002247-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impression of TRIM25 gene expression on COVID-19 severity and SARS-CoV-2 viral replication","authors":"Rezvan Tavakoli ,&nbsp;Pooneh Rahimi ,&nbsp;Abolfazl Fateh ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Hamidi-Fard ,&nbsp;Sana Eaybpoosh ,&nbsp;Golnaz Bahramali ,&nbsp;Seyed Amir Sadeghi ,&nbsp;Delaram Doroud ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There are numerous human genes associated with viral infections, and their identification in specific populations can provide suitable therapeutic targets for modulating the host immune system response and better understanding the viral pathogenic mechanisms. Many antiviral signaling pathways, including Type I interferon and NF-κB, are regulated by TRIM proteins. Therefore, the identification of TRIM proteins involved in COVID-19 infection can play a significant role in understanding the innate immune response to this virus.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, the expression of TRIM25 gene was evaluated in a blood sample of 330 patients admitted to the hospital (142 patients with severe disease and 188 patients with mild disease) as well as in 160 healthy individuals. The relationship between its expression and the severity of COVID-19 disease was assessed and compared among the study groups by quantitative Real-time PCR technique. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of TRIM25 in the group of patients with severe infection compared to those with mild infection. Furthermore, the impact of increased expression of TRIM25 gene in HEK-293 T cell culture was investigated on the replication of attenuated SARS-CoV-2 virus.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of Real-time PCR, Western blot for the viral nucleocapsid gene of virus, and CCID₅₀ test indicated a decrease in virus replication in these cells. The findings of this research indicated that the reduced expression of the TRIM25 gene was associated with increased disease severity of COVID-19 in individuals. Additionally, the results suggested the overexpression of TRIM25 gene can impress the replication of attenuated SARS-CoV-2 and the induction of beta-interferon.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>TRIM25 plays a critical role in controlling viral replication through its direct interaction with the virus and its involvement in inducing interferon during the early stages of infection. This makes TRIM25 a promising target for potential therapeutic interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"17 8","pages":"Article 102489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002235/pdfft?md5=6d09af7f2b8d424b5523e01f92af07fb&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002235-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}