Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"The impact of maximum cross-sectional area of lesion on predicting the early therapeutic response of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","authors":"Fuzhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zilong Yang ,&nbsp;Ruichao Liu ,&nbsp;Shanshan Li ,&nbsp;Yu Pang ,&nbsp;Liang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early evaluation of culture conversion after 6-month treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is vital for outcome prediction. This study aims to merge the maximum lesion cross-sectional area observed via computed tomography (CT) imaging during treatment to predict therapeutic response.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively involved MDR-TB patients who completed 6 months of treatment from two hospitals. Patients were categorized into culture conversation and no culture conversation groups based on sputum culture results. The data from the two hospitals were used as internal training and external testing cohorts, respectively. Logistic regression and random forest models were developed using the maximum lesion cross-sectional area and most important predictive features. The model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the model without the maximum lesion cross-sectional area to predict culture conversion for MDR-TB after 6 months of treatment, logistic regression and random forest models achieved AUC values of 0.796 and 0.958, sensitivities of 0.725 and 0.993, and F1 scores of 0.803 and 0.957 in the training cohort, respectively. In the testing cohort, logistic regression and random forest models achieved AUC values of 0.889 and 0.855, respectively. Evaluating the maximum lesion cross-sectional area at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months, logistic regression and random forest models in the training cohort yielded AUC values of 0.819 and 0.998, sensitivities of 0.674 and 1.000, and F1 scores of 0.772 and 0.986. In the testing cohort, the AUC values were 0.869 and 0.920, sensitivities were 0.933 and 1.000, and F1 scores were 0.848 and 0.841, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The integration of maximum lesion cross-sectional area during treatment can improve the prediction of early treatment response in MDR-TB. When applied in a clinical setting, the random forest model is more suitable for guiding appropriate treatment plans quickly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental vaccine hesitancy: Recent evidences support the need to implement targeted communication strategies","authors":"Cecilia Cagnotta ,&nbsp;Nicoletta Lettera ,&nbsp;Mirko Cardillo ,&nbsp;Daniele Pirozzi ,&nbsp;Daniel Catalán-Matamoros ,&nbsp;Annalisa Capuano ,&nbsp;Cristina Scavone","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2018, Europe experienced a surge in measles cases, revealing the consequences of suboptimal immunization coverage. This trend was exacerbated by long-standing vaccine hesitancy. Parental attitudes toward childhood vaccines have increasingly shifted, influenced by ethical, religious, and safety concerns. Vaccines hesitancy has substantially increased after the Covid-19 pandemic. Using PubMed, we reviewed cross-sectional studies, published during years 2023–2024, related to parents’ vaccine hesitancy, with the aim to provide an overview of its prevalence, underlying reasons and consequences for public health. Data summarised highlight various factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy. These include socio-demographic factors, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, and widespread misinformation, particularly through social media. Several cross-sectional studies show that vaccine hesitancy is often linked to lower education levels, misinformation, and decreased trust in healthcare systems. The pandemic exacerbated this issue. This article underscores the need for targeted communication strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, focusing on specific populations, such as those in low-income settings or with limited access to healthcare information. It emphasizes the importance of countering misinformation to improve vaccination rates and public health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102648"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of anti-Ebola virus multi-target inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine database using molecular screening, biophysical investigation, and binding free energy calculations","authors":"Abbas Khan ,&nbsp;Abrar Mohammad Sayaf ,&nbsp;Anwar Mohammad ,&nbsp;Fahad M. Alshabrmi ,&nbsp;Tarek Benameur ,&nbsp;Dong-Qing Wei ,&nbsp;Kar Kheng Yeoh ,&nbsp;Abdelali Agouni","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Ebola virus (EBOV) is a highly lethal RNA virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. The lack of effective treatment or vaccine for this pathogen poses a serious threat to a global pandemic. Therefore, it is imperative to explore new drugs and therapies to combat this life-threatening infection.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this study, we employed in silico methods to assess the inhibitory activity of natural products from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) against four EBOV proteins that are crucial for viral replication and assembly: VP40, VP35, VP30, and VP24. We performed molecular docking of TCM compounds with the EBOV proteins and screened them based on their docking scores, binding free energies, and pharmacokinetic properties.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results pinpointed eight TCM compounds (TCM1797, TCM2872, TCM250, TCM2837, TCM2644, TCM4697, TCM2322, and TCM277) that exhibited superior efficacy in inhibiting all the EBOV proteins compared to the controls. These compounds interacted with key residues of the EBOV proteins through various types of bonds, such as hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and π-π interactions, forming stable complexes that could disrupt the function of the EBOV proteins. These compounds were found to possess known antiviral activity, acceptable pharmacokinetic properties, and human usage history, which make them promising candidates for anti-EBOV drug development. Moreover, the molecular simulation analysis confirmed the binding stability, structural compactness, and residue flexibility properties of these compounds. Furthermore, the binding free energy results revealed that VP30-TCM2644, VP30-TCM4697, VP35-TCM2837, VP24-TCM250, and VP24-TCM277 complexes exhibit significant binding free energy values compared to the control ligands. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Free Energy Landscape (FEL) results revealed the trajectories' motion and conformational energy states.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms driving the efficacy of TCM drugs against EBOV and suggest novel approaches for the development of anti-EBOV therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of ChatGPT-4 for the detection of surgical site infections from electronic health records after colorectal surgery: A pilot diagnostic accuracy study","authors":"Josep M. Badia ,&nbsp;Daniel Casanova-Portoles ,&nbsp;Estela Membrilla ,&nbsp;Carles Rubiés ,&nbsp;Miquel Pujol ,&nbsp;Joan Sancho","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Surveillance of surgical site infection (SSI) relies on manual methods that are time-consuming and prone to subjectivity. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT for detecting SSI from electronic health records after colorectal surgery via comparison with the results of a nationwide surveillance programme.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This pilot, retrospective, multicentre analysis included 122 patients who underwent colorectal surgery. Patient records were reviewed by both manual surveillance and ChatGPT, which was tasked with identifying SSI and categorizing them as superficial, deep, or organ-space infections. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the model's diagnostic performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ChatGPT achieved a sensitivity of 100 %, correctly identifying all SSIs detected by manual methods. The specificity was 54 %, indicating the presence of false positives. The PPV was 67 %, and the NPV was 100 %. The area under the ROC curve was 0.77, indicating good overall accuracy for distinguishing between SSI and non-SSI cases. Minor differences in outcomes were observed between colon and rectal surgeries, as well as between the hospitals participating in the study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ChatGPT shows high sensitivity and good overall accuracy for detecting SSI. It appears to be a useful tool for initial screenings and for reducing manual review workload. The moderate specificity suggests a need for further refinement to reduce the rate of false positives. The integration of ChatGPT alongside electronic medical records, antibiotic consumption and imaging data results for real-time analysis may further improve the surveillance of SSI. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06556017.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Min Du ,&nbsp;Shimo Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Liu ,&nbsp;Jue Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the latest cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence rate and assess the impact of risk factors among people living with HIV (PLWH). We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies published up to September 14, 2023. To evaluate effect sizes, we employed multilevel (three-level) random-effects meta-analyses. The pooled incidence rate of CVD was 6.31 per 1000 person-years. Among the 14 risk factors analyzed, the most prevalent was a history of CVD (odds ratio [OR]=3.47), followed by age (per 10-year increase) (OR=1.79), current smoking (OR=1.76), hypertension (OR=1.57), smoking (OR=1.53), diabetes (OR=1.50), previous smoking (OR=1.30), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (OR=1.18). However, there was no statistical significance associated with HIV-specific factors (abacavir use, efavirenz use, and CD4 nadir, etc.). The CVD incidence rate was high among PLWH, with risk factors including both conventional CVD risk factors and HCV infection. There is an urgent need for more high-quality research to better understand the effects of HIV progression and drug use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102654"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142965575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does syndromic surveillance assist public health practice in early detecting respiratory epidemics? Evidence from a wide Italian retrospective experience","authors":"Giovanni Corrao ,&nbsp;Andrea Stella Bonaugurio ,&nbsp;Giorgio Bagarella ,&nbsp;Mauro Maistrello ,&nbsp;Olivia Leoni ,&nbsp;Danilo Cereda ,&nbsp;Andrea Gori","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Large-scale diagnostic testing has been proven ineffective for prompt monitoring of the spread of COVID-19. Electronic resources may facilitate enhanced early detection of epidemics. Here, we aimed to retrospectively explore whether examining trends in the use of emergency and healthcare services and the Google search engine is useful in detecting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus outbreaks early compared with the currently used swab-based surveillance system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Healthcare Utilization databases of the Italian region of Lombardy and the Google Trends website were used to measure the weekly utilization of emergency and healthcare services and determining the volume of Google searches from 2020 to 2022. Improved Farrington algorithm (IMPF) and Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart were both fitted to detect outliers in weekly searches of nine syndromic tracers. AND/OR Boolean operators were tested aimed for joint using tracers and models. Signals that occurred during periods labelled as free from epidemics were used to measure positive predictive values (PPV) and false negative values (FNV) in anticipating the epidemic wave.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of the 156 weeks of interest, 70 (45 %) were affected by epidemic waves. Overall, 54 syndromic signals were obtained from any one of the 7 healthcare or Google tracers, generating an outlier from both the EWMA and IMPF models. PPV values of 0.95, 1.00, 0.96 admitting a delay of 0, 1, and 2 weeks, respectively, between signal and epidemic wave. The values of FNP ranged from 0.19 to 0.21.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High predictive power for anticipating COVID-19 epidemic waves, even two weeks ahead of the official reports, was obtained from electronic syndromic tracers of healthcare-seeking trends and Google search engine use. Following verification via a prospective approach, public health organizations are encouraged to take advantage of this free forecasting system to anticipate and effectively manage respiratory outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress on HIV and other sexually transmitted infections elimination among youth and adults across BRICS-plus countries: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","authors":"Rizhen Wang ,&nbsp;Yinuo Sun ,&nbsp;Huan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoran Yu ,&nbsp;JiYan Ma ,&nbsp;Zuokun Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zou ,&nbsp;Yangmu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Global strategies aim to eradicate HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by 2030. We aim to assess HIV and other STIs morbidity trends from 1992 to 2021 across BRICS-plus (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates), which accounts for nearly half of the world population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>HIV and other STIs morbidity estimates were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. We derived percentage changes to evaluate the progress towards HIV 2020 milestones and annualised rate of change to determine the progress needed to achieve 2030 targets. We used age-period-cohort (APC) model to estimate period (cohort) relative risks for both disease areas.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Around 46 % of global incident cases attributed to HIV and other STIs were found in BRICS-plus countries, exceeding the combined totals of North American countries. The HIV new cases in BRICS-plus declined by 8.2 % between 2010 and 2020. No countries within BRICS-plus achieved a target of a 75 % decrease in HIV new cases in 2020 or 2021, but India (-41.7 %), Ethiopia (-34.4 %), China (-29.7 %), and South Africa (-11.7 %) showed reductions. Individuals aged 15–24 years (-32·9 %) had a decline for HIV new cases, while individuals aged ≥ 25 years plateaued. There were evident period risks of morbidity for HIV in Russia and Iran since 2012 and for syphilis and gonorrhea in Brazil since 2012. Younger generations had a higher risk of contracting HIV in Brazil, China, Egypt, Iran, and Russia, and other STIs in Brazil, India, Iran, and South Africa, particularly genital herpes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BRICS-plus was still far from reaching the global 2030 targets for both disease areas. Adults aged ≥ 25 years have little progress in HIV new cases, and youth and adults in other STIs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102625"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and addressing the global impact: A systematic review and cross-sectional bibliometric analysis of Langya henipavirus and pre-existing severe henipaviruses","authors":"Jian-Di Li ,&nbsp;Yu-Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Rong-Quan He ,&nbsp;Zhi-Guang Huang ,&nbsp;Wan-Ying Huang ,&nbsp;Hong Huang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Gang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2022, Langya henipavirus was identified in patients with fever in eastern China. This study provides an overview of the scientific landscape, highlights research focus areas, and outlines potential future investigations. The relevant scientific literature was systematically searched and reviewed via advanced bibliometric techniques. Over the past two decades, henipavirus research has increased at an annual rate of 8.82 %. The United States leads in research output, with the Australian Animal Health Laboratory as the top institution. Most articles are published in the <em>Journal of Virology</em>, identified as the most influential journal along with researcher Wang LF. Current research focuses on “zoonosis,” “vaccine,” and “pathogenesis,” whereas future areas may include “molecular docking,” “immunoinformatics,” “climate change,” “antibodies,” “vaccines,” “glycoprotein,” and “ephrin-b2.” This study details henipavirus research, highlighting key players, trends, and future directions. These insights will guide future efforts to address the risks posed by novel Henipaviruses, such as Langya.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-carbapenem-producing carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children: Risk factors, molecular epidemiology, and resistance mechanism","authors":"Lijun Yin ,&nbsp;Lu Lu ,&nbsp;Leiyan He ,&nbsp;Gangfeng Yan ,&nbsp;Guoping Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Zhai ,&nbsp;Chuanqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The investigation into risk factors, molecular epidemiology, and resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant <em><strong>Pseudomonas</strong> aeruginosa</em> (CRPA) in pediatric populations in China is currently inadequate.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To assess epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and resistance mechanisms, virulence-associated genes were analyzed, alongside multi locus sequence typing (MLST), PCR, and qRT-PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Finding</h3><div>Multivariate analysis identified prolonged hospitalization (OR: 1.026; 95 % CI: 1.004–1.049; <em>P</em> = 0.023) and increased exposure to enzyme inhibitor complex preparations (OR: 3.165; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.113–8.999; <em>P</em> = 0.031) as independent risk factors for CRPA healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Mortality rates were significantly higher in the HAI group compared to the non-HAI group (19.1 % vs. 6.0 %, <em>P</em> = 0.021). Analysis of virulence-associated gene combinations revealed 10 and 15 distinct profiles among HAI and non-HAI isolates, respectively, characterized by <em>exoS−/exoU+</em> or <em>exoS+ /exoU−</em> genotypes, with no isolates exhibiting both <em>exoS</em>+ and <em>exoU</em>+ genotypes concurrently.</div><div>Infections predominantly correlated with CC244, with a significantly greater occurrence in the HAI group (72.1 % vs. 46.3 %, <em>P</em> = 0.002). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing identified that both CC244 + and HAI isolates demonstrated elevated resistance across all tested antibiotics. Furthermore, low <em>oprD</em> expression was observed in 77.9 % of HAI isolates and 67.2 % of non-HAI isolates, while increased <em>ampC</em> production and <em>mexB</em> gene overexpression were infrequently detected (all <em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prolonged hospital stays and an increased exposure to enzyme–inhibitor complex therapies were identified as independent risk factors for CRPA HAIs. CRPA demonstrated considerable genetic diversity, with STs predominantly represented by CC244, and virulence-associated genes have spread. The primary mechanism driving carbapenem resistance involved the downregulation of outer membrane porin protein <em>oprD</em>, accompanied by <em>oprD</em> mutation inactivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102634"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics and diversity of vaginal microbiota in bacterial vaginosis among Thai patients treated with metronidazole","authors":"Auttawit Sirichoat ,&nbsp;Pranom Buppasiri ,&nbsp;Kiatichai Faksri ,&nbsp;Viraphong Lulitanond","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a significant global public health issue due to its high recurrence rate and association with various adverse health effects. Understanding the composition and dynamics of the vaginal microbiota (VMB) is essential for better understanding of vaginal health and for developing effective strategies to improve BV management. The study aimed to determine the composition and diversity of the VMB in Thai women with BV before and after metronidazole (MTZ) treatment, and in healthy women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Vaginal samples were collected from 20 women with BV (each sampled at three time points: pre-MTZ treatment, post-MTZ treatment and follow-up) and from 20 healthy women (each sampled once). The VMB was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing via next-generation sequencing on the Ion Torrent PGM platform.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The VMB in Thai women with BV was predominantly composed of <em>Gardnerella</em>, <em>Prevotella</em> and <em>Fannyhessea</em> (formerly <em>Atopobium</em>), while <em>Lactobacillus</em> dominated in healthy controls. Women with BV exhibited greater bacterial diversity and higher prevalence of anaerobic species compared to healthy women. There was higher diversity and abundance in the VMB from pre-MTZ samples, while post-MTZ and follow-up samples displayed lower diversity. In the follow-up stage, the VMB was divided into two subgroups: the larger cured subgroup, which shifted towards a <em>Lactobacillus-</em>dominated composition resembling healthy controls, and the small treatment-failure subgroup, which exhibited a <em>Gardnerella</em>-dominated profile similar to pre-MTZ.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides valuable insights into the structure and dynamics of the VMB in Thai women with BV before and after treatment, offering potential markers for predicting treatment outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102646"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}