Clinical characteristics analysis of anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies-associated adult-onset immunodeficiency with mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102952

Xuemei Huang , Siyao Wu , Qiangxiu Zeng , Siqiao Liang , Hanlin Liang , Mengchan Wang , Limei Hong , Xiaona Liang , Ni Chen , Yan Ning , Haiyan Pang , Ziyi Zhang , Ying Nong , Ping Yan , Zhiyi He

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) syndrome is a rare adult-onset immunodeficiency (AOID) syndrome with multiple opportunistic infections. However, its clinical characteristics in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection remain unclear.

Methods

A prospective cohort study of adult patients with opportunistic infections was conducted from January 2021 to January 2025 in Guangxi, southern China. MTB-infected patients were divided into AIGAs-positive and AIGAs-negative groups, and their clinical and laboratory data were compared. Additionally, the AIGAs-positive group was divided into subgroups (with or without nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) or Talaromyces marneffei (TM) co-infection) for detailed analysis.

Results

Among over 400 patients recruited, 48 of the 86 with MTB infection were AIGAs-positive (Group 1), and 38 were AIGAs-negative (Group 2). Group 1 patients commonly show involvement of the lungs, lymph nodes, bones, and skin, with often multi-organ involvement. Disseminated infections are more prevalent in Group 1, often accompanied by TM/NTM infections. They also show elevated white blood cell count, neutrophils, monocytes, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, globulin, and immunoglobulin G levels (P < 0.05). During an average follow-up of 19 months, 50.00 % of patients experienced acute exacerbations, of which 82.61 % were caused by new pathogen infections. Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that splenic involvement, elevated serum G test levels, and NTM infection were risk factors for disease progression (P < 0.05). The TM/NTM co-infected subgroup had higher acute exacerbation rates, AIGAs titers, inflammatory/immune markers, and more organ involvement.

Conclusions

Patients with AIGAs-related AOID and MTB infection had high infection markers, immune issues, and multi-organ involvement, which worsened with TM/NTM co-infection.

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抗干扰素γ自身抗体相关性成人免疫缺陷伴结核分枝杆菌感染的临床特征分析

背景：抗干扰素-γ自身抗体（AIGAs）综合征是一种罕见的成人免疫缺陷（AOID）综合征，伴有多种机会性感染。然而，其在结核分枝杆菌（MTB）感染中的临床特征尚不清楚。方法：于2021年1月至2025年1月在中国南部广西对成年机会性感染患者进行前瞻性队列研究。将mtb感染患者分为aigas阳性组和aigas阴性组，比较其临床和实验室资料。此外，将aigas阳性组分为亚组（有无非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）或马尔尼菲Talaromyces marneffei （TM）合并感染）进行详细分析。结果：在招募的400多例MTB患者中，86例MTB感染患者中有48例aiga阳性（组1），38例aiga阴性（组2）。第1组患者通常表现为累及肺、淋巴结、骨骼和皮肤，常累及多器官。播散性感染在第1组中更为普遍，通常伴有TM/NTM感染。白细胞计数、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、c反应蛋白、红细胞沉降率、球蛋白和免疫球蛋白G水平升高（P ）结论：aigas相关的avoid和MTB感染患者具有较高的感染标志物、免疫问题和多器官受累，并在TM/NTM合并感染时恶化。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Infection and Public Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH -INFECTIOUS DISEASES

CiteScore

13.10

自引率

1.50%

发文量

203

审稿时长

96 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Infection and Public Health, first official journal of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and the Saudi Association for Public Health, aims to be the foremost scientific, peer-reviewed journal encompassing infection prevention and control, microbiology, infectious diseases, public health and the application of healthcare epidemiology to the evaluation of health outcomes. The point of view of the journal is that infection and public health are closely intertwined and that advances in one area will have positive consequences on the other. The journal will be useful to all health professionals who are partners in the management of patients with communicable diseases, keeping them up to date. The journal is proud to have an international and diverse editorial board that will assist and facilitate the publication of articles that reflect a global view on infection control and public health, as well as emphasizing our focus on supporting the needs of public health practitioners. It is our aim to improve healthcare by reducing risk of infection and related adverse outcomes by critical review, selection, and dissemination of new and relevant information in the field of infection control, public health and infectious diseases in all healthcare settings and the community.