Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Post-pandemic increase in invasive group A strep infections in New Zealand","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Since October 2022, multiple high-income countries have reported an increase in invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections. This study describes trends in iGAS infections in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) between 2017 and 2023, and examines associations of iGAS incidence, COVID-19 eras, and acute respiratory infections (ARI).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Analyses include national-level surveillance data on iGAS and ARI. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to examine relationships between COVID-19 era and iGAS incidence, and Pearson pairwise correlations were calculated to examine trends between ARI and iGAS.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>A sharp increase in iGAS was observed in 2023, with notable increases among children aged under ten years. Indigenous Māori and Pacific peoples were disproportionately affected. e<em>mm</em>1 and <em>emm</em>12 were commonly reported in 2022–2023. Compared to pre-pandemic, iGAS decreased significantly during the COVID-19 restrictions era and increased once COVID-19 restrictions were relaxed, after adjusting for ethnicity, sex, and age. ARI was moderately correlated with iGAS (<em>r</em> = 0∙55) in 2022–2023.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Though delayed, NZ’s recent iGAS trends mirror those seen in the 2022/2023 multi-country iGAS surge. These findings expand existing research, suggesting a link between the easing of COVID-19 measures, increased ARI circulation, and the rise in iGAS. Continued and improved iGAS surveillance, is needed to better understand iGAS epidemiology and support public health response. iGAS in NZ will become notifiable in late 2024, which should help improve iGAS monitoring and support public health response.</p></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><p>This research received no specific funding, though iGAS surveillance and typing in NZ is funded by the Ministry of Health, which was not involved in the analysis, interpretation, design, or any aspect of this study. No authors were paid to write this manuscript.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187603412400279X/pdfft?md5=44afe577678a7225daa75a5a857ab7a4&pid=1-s2.0-S187603412400279X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative PCR for early detection of human cytomegalovirus end-organ disease in immunocompetent host: A retrospective single-center study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tissue-invasive end-organ disease (EOD) caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) is less frequently reported in immunocompetent patients compared to immunocompromised patients. In this study, we investigated the association between CMV viremia and CMV end-organ disease in immunocompetent patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Adult patients (≥18 years old) with CMV viremia were screened from January 2010 to June 2022. The primary outcome was the presence of CMV EOD. Risk factors associated with CMV EOD were analyzed, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to determine the most accurate cutoff value of the CMV titer for the prediction of CMV EOD.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the 106 immunocompetent patients with CMV viremia, 31 exhibited CMV EOD. Gastrointestinal tract disease was the most common. The log10 value of the CMV titer was significantly associated with the occurrence of CMV EOD in immunocompetent patients with CMV viremia. The optimal cut-off CMV titer for the prediction of CMV EOD was 749 IU/mL.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study suggests the potential association between high CMV titers and the development of CMV end-organ diseases and describes the diagnostic performance and utility of quantitative PCR as a surrogate marker for predicting the occurrence of CMV EOD in immunocompetent patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002764/pdfft?md5=19e0047364d59e996ff8af9abf9da42e&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002764-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of efflux pump, outer membrane permeability and β-lactamase production on the resistance profile of multi, extensively and pandrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>An important chance of nosocomial acquired infections are caused by the opportunistic bacterium <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>. Urine, wound, sputum, and blood samples were collected from all patients. This study aimed to detect the antibiotic resistance profile, the frequency of MDR, XDR, PDR, and detection of efflux pump and outer membrane permeability genes in <em>K. pneumoniae</em> isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>One hundred twenty samples were collected from patients who were admitted to the Ramadi Teaching Hospitals in Al-Anbar Governorate. Fifty five of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> strains were collected from patients. The VITEK®2 Compact B System was used to detect the antibiotic resistance pattern of studied bacteria. The isolates were classified as MDR, XDR, or PDR based on established guidelines. The data were analyzed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints. PCR was used to detect the efflux pumps and porins genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of the 120 samples studied, 45.83 % (55) tested positive for <em>K. pneumoniae</em>. The isolates displayed the greatest amount of resistance to cefazolin, ceftriaxone (98.2 %), ampicillin (100 %), and ceftazidime, cefepime (90.9 %). 20 % of the isolates were found to produce metallo-lactamases, and 41.81 % tested positive for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Overall, the rates of multi-drug resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) isolates were 57.2 %, 10.9 %, and 9.09 %, respectively. Additionally, the prevalence of efflux pump genes <em>acrAB, mdtK</em>, and <em>tolC</em> were 94.54 %, 14.54 %, and 89.09 %, respectively, while the porin-encoding genes <em>ompK35</em> and <em>ompK36</em> were found in 96.36 % and 98.18 % of the isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This investigation concluded that the study isolates had a high degree of antibiotic resistance heterogenicity. High frequencies of resistance to ampicillin, cefazolin, and ceftriaxone are present in study isolates. Most strains were categorized as MDR strains, with six being XDR strains and five being PDR strains. One of the main routes of antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant <em>K. pneumoniae</em> strains is through the acrAB efflux system. The high prevalence of the <em>acrAB</em>, <em>tolC</em>, <em>ompk35</em>, and <em>ompK36</em> genes were increases the ability of these isolates combat antimicrobial treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002788/pdfft?md5=81d9063f3372e07a0582f9cc8b5d1e8a&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002788-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants associated with T. pallidum infection in adults from poor urban communities, Brazilian Amazon","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In Brazil, despite the increase in coverage and access to rapid testing for syphilis in primary health care, no reduction in cases of syphilis and congenital syphilis was observed. Poor and low-educated populations are disproportionately affected by infection caused by <em>T. pallidum</em>. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among people aged 18 to 49 years old in the city of Belém, brazilian amazon.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Observational, cross-sectional study carried out in a sanitary administrative district of a capital of the Brazilian Amazon, Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. Data collection was conducted from August 2021 to February 2022. The participantes consisted of residents of the Montese, Guamá and Condor neighborhoods. People aged 18 to 49 years were included. This variable was treated as dichotomous (reagent and non-reagent). The selected response event was ‘reagent result’. The independent variables were the social factors and access to health services. To identify associated factors with the presence of markers of the bacteria studied, multiple logistic rules were performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>178 people participated in the study; the median age was 35.0 years. The prevalence of IgG and/or IgM antibodies against <em>T. pallidum</em> was 7 % (13). In the final regression model, it was observed that participants who had sexual intercourse after using alcohol and drugs and those who did not know about the prevention of sexually transmitted infections were five times more likely to have tested positive for <em>T. pallidum.</em></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Aspects of individual vulnerability and access to health services must be managed to reduce the exposure of poor urban populations to <em>T. pallidum.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002776/pdfft?md5=9b3e26910ae7149169bb22df0efdf752&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002776-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic analysis of atheroma plaques for identification of microorganisms indicates presence of Toxoplasma gondii as a possible etiological agent","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Vital organs like the heart are affected by the occlusion of blood vessels due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. However, the role of infectious agents has always been an essential subject of investigation. This study investigated the presence of microorganisms, including nanobacteria, in atherosclerotic plaques removed from human carotid arteries by microbiological and metagenomic examination.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Atheroma plaque samples were obtained from 20 patients with carotid artery stenosis who had atherectomy by surgery or percutaneous intervention. Nanobacteria were grown by culturing homogenates of the atheroma plaques. Whole genome sequencing was done for samples. Because of the high percentage of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> (<em>T. gondii</em>) DNA, PCR investigation was applied to detect <em>T. gondii</em> DNA in the samples.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A molecular analysis of nanobacteria revealed them to be made of human proteins, supporting the theory that they are not living organisms. According to sequencing results, samples showed that more than 50 % of the metagenomic sequences belonged to <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>. PCR investigation indicated that <em>T. gondii</em> DNA was positive in 8 (40 %) of 20 plaques.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Further evidence regarding the role of <em>T. gondii</em> in the etiology of plaque formation may help determine the strategy for prevention and treatment of infections in preventing atheroma plaque formation in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002739/pdfft?md5=8da13761db6545cc356fc430f0a0c3ee&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002739-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-clinical decision support system for enhanced infectious disease management: Accelerating ceftazidime-avibactam resistance detection in Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Effective and rapid diagnostic strategies are required to manage antibiotic resistance in <em>Klebsiella pneumonia</em> (KP). This study aimed to design an artificial intelligence-clinical decision support system (AI-CDSS) using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and machine learning for the rapid detection of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) resistance in KP to improve clinical decision-making processes<em>.</em></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Out of 107,721 bacterial samples, 675 specimens of KP with suspected multi-drug resistance were selected. These specimens were collected from a tertiary hospital and four secondary hospitals between 2022 and 2023 to evaluate CZA resistance. We used MALDI-TOF MS and machine learning to develop an AI-CDSS with enhanced speed of resistance detection.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Machine learning models, especially light gradient boosting machines (LGBM), exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95, indicating high accuracy. The predictive models formed the core of our newly developed AI-CDSS, enabling clinical decisions quicker than traditional methods using culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing by a day.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study confirms that MALDI-TOF MS, integrated with machine learning, can swiftly detect CZA resistance. Incorporating this insight into an AI-CDSS could transform clinical workflows, giving healthcare professionals immediate, crucial insights for shaping treatment plans. This approach promises to be a template for future anti-resistance strategies, emphasizing the vital importance of advanced diagnostics in enhancing public health outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002752/pdfft?md5=ad4e732328ff9ab82e218130e2797f13&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002752-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparing the developing world for the next pandemic: Evidence from China’s R&D blueprint for emerging infectious diseases","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>With double pressures of endemic and imported emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), China’s ability to detect, prevent and control the unknown virus is of regional and global interest. This study aimed to establish an R&amp;D Blueprint for EIDs in China by identifying the list of prioritized diseases and medical countermeasures (MCMs) that need proactive actions for the next pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The process mainly referred to the World Health Organization’s prioritization methodology, supplemented by pipeline landscape, rapid risk assessment and multi-dimensional analysis. The study included five steps: 1) identifying potential pathogens, 2) screening into the long list, 3) prioritizing the long list, 4) identifying the final list and 5) generating an R&amp;D Blueprint.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>China’s R&amp;D Blueprint identified 14 viral pathogens and two virus groups (i.e., Influenza HxNy and Coronavirus X) for proactive and representative MCM development. At least one diagnostic candidate in preclinical study, and one therapeutic and one vaccine candidate in Phase I/II clinical trials for each prioritized pathogen were suggested to be developed as strategic national stockpiles. Various generalized and innovative platform technologies were also highlighted for enhancing overall capacities of EID preparedness and response, covering basic research, experiment, detection, prevention and control, surveillance and information sharing.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This is the first study in developing countries that established an R&amp;D Blueprint of prioritized diseases, countermeasures and technologies. Our findings could help to drive pre-emptive scientific and technological actions toward emerging pathogens that may cause the next epidemic and could provide evidence-based strategies for developing countries to establish their national health research agenda tailored to health and research context under resource-limited settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002727/pdfft?md5=2d22de49c2cf9b019382bf643a7eb182&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002727-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and genetic aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in Kazakhstan","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Tuberculosis is a major health problem in many countries, including Kazakhstan. Host genetics can affect TB risk, and epidemiological and social factors may contribute to disease progression. Due to the high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the country, our research aimed to study the epidemiological and genetic aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in Kazakhstan.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>1026 participants of Central Asian origin were recruited in the study: 342 individuals diagnosed with active PTB, 342 household contacts, and 342 controls without a family history of TB. Genetic polymorphisms of selected genes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The association between the risk of pulmonary TB and polymorphisms was evaluated using logistic regression and assessed with the ORs and their corresponding 95 % CIs, and the significance level was determined as p &lt; 0.05.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Epidemiological data revealed that underweight BMI (χ² = 89.97, p &lt; 0.001), employment (χ² = 39.28, p &lt; 0.001), and diabetes (χ² = 12.38, p &lt; 0.001) showed a significant association with PTB. A/T polymorphism of the IFG gene showed a lower risk, and A/A polymorphism showed an increased risk of susceptibility to TB. A/A polymorphism of the IFG gene was associated with an almost 3-fold increased risk of PTB, and A/T polymorphism of the IFG gene was associated with a decreased risk of PTB (OR = 0.67, 95 % CI = 0.49–0.92, p = 0.01). The analysis revealed a decreased risk of PTB for A/A polymorphism of the VDR <em>Apa</em>I (OR = 0.67, 95 % CI = 0.46–0.97, p &lt; 0.05). A/A polymorphism of the TLR8 gene was associated with a 1.5-fold increased risk of PTB (OR = 1.53, 95 % CI = 1.00–2.33, p &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Results showed that gender, employment, underweight BMI and diabetes are associated with PTB incidence in our study cohort. The A/A genotype of the IFG (rs2430561) and an A/A genotype of the TLR8 (rs3764880) genes were associated with an increased risk of PTB. A/T polymorphism of the IFG (rs2430561) and A/A polymorphism of the VDR ApaI were associated with a decreased risk of PTB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002740/pdfft?md5=973e917f196496fdfaf365267c5e58bc&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002740-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142161631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and age-related susceptibility of TORCH infections in childbearing age women: A 5-year cross-sectional retrospective study and a literature review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Serodiagnosis of TORCH infections should be performed in pre-pregnancy and reproductive-age women to prevent vertical transmission<em>.</em> Herein, we conducted a 5-year cross-sectional retrospective study in childbearing age women to provide prevalence data. Also, stratifying the cohort into three age groups, we identified those most susceptible to acute TORCH infections.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Between 2019 and 2023, serum samples from 2286 childbearing age women attending the “R. Dulbecco” University Hospital of Catanzaro were collected. Screening for TORCH pathogens, such as: <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> (TOX), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Rubella Virus (RUB), Parvovirus B19 (ParvoB19), Herpes Simplex Virus types 1 and 2 (HSV1, HSV2) and <em>Treponema pallidum</em> was carried out using serological tests. Chemiluminescent immunoassay was performed to detect TOX, CMV and ParvoB19 Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, while Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay was performed to detect RUB IgM and IgG antibodies and CMV and TOX IgG Avidity. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay was performed to detect HSV1 IgG, HSV2 IgG, HSV1/2 IgM, <em>T. pallidum</em> total antibodies and RUB IgG Avidity. Binomial logistic regression models were developed to compare seroprevalence rates among different age groups.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The highest immunological protection was observed for RUB infection (87 %), probably associated with vaccination practice, followed by HSV1 and CMV (82 % and 63 %). The 16–25 year age group results as the most susceptible to acute infections as demonstrated by odds of CMV IgM positivity (primary infection) which decreased with age.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The TORCH serological screening program should be implemented in women before pregnancy to formulate strategies for serological screening of childbearing age women and guiding clinicians in making decisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002715/pdfft?md5=489d28ffc8036417db733e29d8ffd015&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002715-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142161630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal-mediated nanoparticles for industrial applications: synthesis and mechanism of action","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The advancement of safe, eco-friendly, and cost-efficient techniques for nanoparticle production is a crucial objective in nanotechnology. Among the various sustainable methods, the biological synthesis of nanoparticles utilizing fungi, bacteria, yeasts, and plants stands out. Fungi, in particular, are well suited for this task because of their capacity to secrete numerous enzymes and streamline subsequent processes. Using fungal strains for nanoparticle biosynthesis is both technologically appealing and economically viable. The utilization of fungal strains for nanoparticle biosynthesis is both technologically appealing and economically viable. Fungi have long been acknowledged as adept natural engineers capable of creating a wide array of nanoparticles with distinct properties and applications. This article provides an overview of fungus-mediated nanoparticle development, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of their synthesis and the factors influencing their characteristics. Furthermore, the potential of fungus-mediated nanoparticles in the industrial domain has been explored. These findings emphasize the importance of different fungal species in nanoparticle synthesis, as well as the biocompatibility and environmental friendliness of fungus-mediated nanoparticles. By underscoring the essential role of fungi in connecting natural knowledge with innovative industrial applications, recent progress in enhancing nanoparticle production and optimizing synthesis conditions through fungi has been examined to underscore the feasibility of extensive industrial nanoparticle utilization via fungi.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124002703/pdfft?md5=d4f325456973acbf9e35c2ba6c294961&pid=1-s2.0-S1876034124002703-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}